The document discusses troubleshooting issues with VRRP interfaces on Nokia Checkpoint Firewalls transitioning to a master-master state. Common causes are the individual VRIDs not seeing each other's multicast requests due to network issues. Key steps outlined are using tcpdump on interfaces to check if multicast requests are being received, checking interface states and priorities, and ensuring VRIDs are properly cabled. Swapping cables if VRIDs don't match can resolve a master-master state issue.
Watching And Manipulating Your Network TrafficJosiah Ritchie
This is an intro presentation to using the powerful tools for provided for linux in the area of networking. These are command line only tools because in a good network firewall, you won't have the option of graphical tools.
This document discusses network configuration and diagnostic tools in Linux. It describes how to view interface configuration and address information using ifconfig and ip addr show. It also covers changing IP and route settings persistently in configuration files and using ifup/ifdown. Tools like ping and traceroute are presented for network diagnostics.
The document discusses security issues related to connected devices in homes and organizations. It provides results from scanning various devices on home and work networks, including details on open ports and services. It finds issues like outdated protocols, self-signed certificates, and lack of encryption on some devices. It notes that many administrators and users are unaware of vulnerabilities in connected devices. It recommends steps administrators and developers can take to improve device security, such as applying patches, network segmentation, monitoring traffic, using encryption, and penetration testing.
Vista 1600 c epon olt quick start manual(r1.2)Shanxi Cai
The document provides instructions for physically connecting and configuring the VISTA 1600C EPON OLT, including:
1. Connecting a serial cable from the computer to the OLT's console port and configuring terminal settings to access the command line interface.
2. Logging in and viewing basic system information and status of fans, powers, and temperature.
3. Configuring date/time and viewing more detailed information on PON cards, ONUs, and port status.
4. Setting the outband IP address to allow management access to the OLT over the network.
This document contains configurations for Cisco routers, including:
1. Interface configurations for E1 and serial interfaces with descriptions and multilink PPP settings.
2. Site-to-site VPN and Easy VPN configurations using IPSec.
3. Control plane policies to limit traffic like Telnet, SNMP, and ICMP.
4. Other settings like IP aliases, QoS, time ranges, route maps, NTP, TACACS, RADIUS, DHCP, and ISDN.
Complete squid & firewall configuration. plus easy mac bindingChanaka Lasantha
1. The document details the configuration of a transparent SQUID Linux firewall to cache and filter internet traffic for internal clients. Key steps include installing and configuring Squid, setting up IP forwarding, configuring iptables firewall rules, and binding MAC addresses to IP addresses in Squid for access control.
A single change to a network device can have far reaching effects on your business. It can create security holes for cyber criminals, impact your regulatory audit, and even cause costly outages that can bring your business to a standstill!
In this technical webinar, Anner Kushnir, VP Technology at AlgoSec, will present several examples of common misconfigurations; including a basic device change, business application connectivity changes, and data center migrations. The webinar will cover best practices and demonstrate specific techniques to help you understand and avoid misconfigurations, and ultimately protect your business from attack.
Join the webinar to discover how to:
•Understand and map your enterprise infrastructure topology before you make a change
•Proactively assess the impact of a change to ensure it does not break connectivity, affect compliance or create a security hole
•Avoid common mistakes when making changes to your network security devices
•Understand business requirements from the network security perspective
Cessation of Misconfigurations: Common Network Misconfiguration Risks & How t...AlgoSec
Misconfigurations aren’t simply inconvenient mistakes but serious security threats. According to Gartner, 99% of all firewall breaches will be caused by misconfigurations by 2020 and misconfigurations made OWASP’s list of Top 10 most critical web application security risks.
A single change to a network device can have far-reaching effects on your business and create security holes for cybercriminals, impact your audits, and cause costly outages that bring your business to a standstill.
In this webinar, Avivi Siman-Tov, AlgoSec’s Director of Product, will show examples of common misconfigurations, including device changes, business application connectivity changes, and data center migrations. He will also reveal specific techniques to help you avoid them.
Watch the webinar to learn how to:
Understand and map your entire network before you make a change
Proactively assess the impact of a change to ensure it does not break connectivity, affect compliance or create a security hole and understand the impact of changes to your entire network
Maximize the capabilities of network management automation to avoid common misconfigurations
Avoid common mistakes when making changes to your network security devices
Watching And Manipulating Your Network TrafficJosiah Ritchie
This is an intro presentation to using the powerful tools for provided for linux in the area of networking. These are command line only tools because in a good network firewall, you won't have the option of graphical tools.
This document discusses network configuration and diagnostic tools in Linux. It describes how to view interface configuration and address information using ifconfig and ip addr show. It also covers changing IP and route settings persistently in configuration files and using ifup/ifdown. Tools like ping and traceroute are presented for network diagnostics.
The document discusses security issues related to connected devices in homes and organizations. It provides results from scanning various devices on home and work networks, including details on open ports and services. It finds issues like outdated protocols, self-signed certificates, and lack of encryption on some devices. It notes that many administrators and users are unaware of vulnerabilities in connected devices. It recommends steps administrators and developers can take to improve device security, such as applying patches, network segmentation, monitoring traffic, using encryption, and penetration testing.
Vista 1600 c epon olt quick start manual(r1.2)Shanxi Cai
The document provides instructions for physically connecting and configuring the VISTA 1600C EPON OLT, including:
1. Connecting a serial cable from the computer to the OLT's console port and configuring terminal settings to access the command line interface.
2. Logging in and viewing basic system information and status of fans, powers, and temperature.
3. Configuring date/time and viewing more detailed information on PON cards, ONUs, and port status.
4. Setting the outband IP address to allow management access to the OLT over the network.
This document contains configurations for Cisco routers, including:
1. Interface configurations for E1 and serial interfaces with descriptions and multilink PPP settings.
2. Site-to-site VPN and Easy VPN configurations using IPSec.
3. Control plane policies to limit traffic like Telnet, SNMP, and ICMP.
4. Other settings like IP aliases, QoS, time ranges, route maps, NTP, TACACS, RADIUS, DHCP, and ISDN.
Complete squid & firewall configuration. plus easy mac bindingChanaka Lasantha
1. The document details the configuration of a transparent SQUID Linux firewall to cache and filter internet traffic for internal clients. Key steps include installing and configuring Squid, setting up IP forwarding, configuring iptables firewall rules, and binding MAC addresses to IP addresses in Squid for access control.
A single change to a network device can have far reaching effects on your business. It can create security holes for cyber criminals, impact your regulatory audit, and even cause costly outages that can bring your business to a standstill!
In this technical webinar, Anner Kushnir, VP Technology at AlgoSec, will present several examples of common misconfigurations; including a basic device change, business application connectivity changes, and data center migrations. The webinar will cover best practices and demonstrate specific techniques to help you understand and avoid misconfigurations, and ultimately protect your business from attack.
Join the webinar to discover how to:
•Understand and map your enterprise infrastructure topology before you make a change
•Proactively assess the impact of a change to ensure it does not break connectivity, affect compliance or create a security hole
•Avoid common mistakes when making changes to your network security devices
•Understand business requirements from the network security perspective
Cessation of Misconfigurations: Common Network Misconfiguration Risks & How t...AlgoSec
Misconfigurations aren’t simply inconvenient mistakes but serious security threats. According to Gartner, 99% of all firewall breaches will be caused by misconfigurations by 2020 and misconfigurations made OWASP’s list of Top 10 most critical web application security risks.
A single change to a network device can have far-reaching effects on your business and create security holes for cybercriminals, impact your audits, and cause costly outages that bring your business to a standstill.
In this webinar, Avivi Siman-Tov, AlgoSec’s Director of Product, will show examples of common misconfigurations, including device changes, business application connectivity changes, and data center migrations. He will also reveal specific techniques to help you avoid them.
Watch the webinar to learn how to:
Understand and map your entire network before you make a change
Proactively assess the impact of a change to ensure it does not break connectivity, affect compliance or create a security hole and understand the impact of changes to your entire network
Maximize the capabilities of network management automation to avoid common misconfigurations
Avoid common mistakes when making changes to your network security devices
This document describes the configuration of VLANs on a Cisco switch. The key steps are:
1. Six VLANs are created and named for different departments.
2. Ports on the switch are assigned to each VLAN to segregate network traffic for each department.
3. IP addresses are configured for each VLAN interface and routing is enabled with RIP to allow communication between VLANs.
4. Ping tests confirm connectivity between devices on different VLANs, showing the VLAN configuration is functioning properly.
True stories on the analysis of network activity using Pythondelimitry
The document discusses network packet analysis using Python. It provides an overview of network analysis tools like Wireshark and tcpdump, and how to use them to analyze network traffic captured in a pcap file. It also discusses how to create and send network packets using Scapy for tasks like port scanning, and how to filter network traffic using IPv4/IPv6 packet filters like iptables. The document provides examples of summarizing pcap data and crafting network packets for various protocols.
Cisco discovery drs ent module 8 - v.4 in english.igede tirtanata
The document contains questions and answers about configuring and applying access control lists (ACLs) on routers. Some key points:
- ACL entries are assigned sequence numbers, with new entries added at the end by default.
- Inbound ACLs are more efficient than outbound ACLs as they can deny packets before routing lookups.
- ACLs can be used to filter traffic, specify NAT source addresses, and identify traffic for QoS among other uses.
- Standard ACLs filter based on source address only while extended ACLs can filter on additional fields and factors.
The document provides steps to upgrade the IOS image and field programmable device (FPD) images on a Cisco 7206 router. The steps include deleting old image files, copying new IOS and FPD images via TFTP, verifying the image checksums, setting the boot configuration to use the new IOS image, and rebooting the router to complete the upgrade. Checks are also provided to confirm the VSA card and other modules are functioning after the upgrade.
VDCF is a management tool for virtualizing and monitoring Solaris environments. It allows centralized installation, operation, migration, monitoring, security, hardening and disaster recovery of Solaris zones, LDoms, and bare metal servers. VDCF provides simplicity, standardization, and high availability for private clouds. It has been in production use since 2006 to virtualize and manage Solaris environments.
Algosec how to avoid business outages from misconfigured devices finalMaytal Levi
The document discusses how network devices can be misconfigured, leading to security issues and business outages. It provides examples of misconfigured firewall rules that incorrectly allow access between servers. Proper change management processes are needed to prevent misconfigurations during network changes. The document emphasizes that even small errors in configurations, like using the wrong subnet mask, can expose many devices. Close review of access control lists is required to find misconfigurations when issues occur, as even long lists may contain small errors allowing unintended access.
This document provides instructions for capturing packet traces from funkwerk devices in a format readable by Wireshark or Ethereal. It describes how to install the necessary software on Windows or Linux systems and use the Brickware or bricktrace-linux tools to connect to the device, select an interface to trace, and save the output as a pcap file or pipe it directly to Wireshark for analysis. Filtering options are also explained to limit the trace to specific protocols, ports, or IP addresses.
The document describes how to configure a Linux machine as a router to connect two subnets. It provides instructions to enable IP forwarding and configure the network interfaces using temporary and permanent methods.
The summary is:
- Enable IP forwarding and configure the network interfaces of two Ethernet cards using ifconfig to set up routing temporarily
- Use netconf to configure the interfaces and routing permanently by editing settings, accepting changes, and rebooting to confirm the configuration persists
- Install traffic generator programs on end stations to test routing of UDP and TCP packets between subnets going through the router
This document describes configuring a basic single-area OSPFv2 network. It includes the topology diagram and addressing tables, and steps to build the network, configure OSPF routing on each router with area 0, and verify OSPF neighbor relationships and routing tables. It also provides sample outputs of show commands to check OSPF settings and interfaces.
25 most frequently used linux ip tables rules examplesTeja Bheemanapally
This document provides 25 examples of iptables firewall rules that can be used or modified for specific needs. Some examples include allowing incoming SSH, HTTP, HTTPS, and other protocols from certain IP addresses or networks while blocking others. Load balancing incoming web traffic and allowing internal networks to access external networks are also demonstrated through iptables rules.
The document describes a Secure Active Switch (SAS) system that implements modifications to the Linux kernel bridge to prevent ARP poisoning attacks on a local network. The SAS runs on an embedded system using a ColdFire Motorola processor. It functions as an active network switch that can detect and block ARP attacks by monitoring packets and learning the MAC-IP bindings. Testing showed the SAS successfully blocked ARP poisoning attempts while only adding around 1% more latency to regular network traffic.
Tri aoi training-supplementary_2011.01Ralph Nguyen
This document provides information on installing and configuring TRI-AOI inspection equipment, including:
- Installation modes for different production environments such as inline, offline, and standalone
- Network configuration details for connecting multiple AOI and SPI devices across 9 lines
- Specifications for main machines, main PCs, repair PCs, and SPC computers including model numbers, serial numbers, IP addresses, and other network settings
Packet Tracer Simulation Lab Layer3 RoutingJohnson Liu
The document describes setting up routing between two routers. It involves:
1. Configuring WAN interfaces on each router and assigning IP addresses between them.
2. Setting up LAN segments behind each router by configuring LAN interfaces and assigning IP addresses.
3. Enabling static routing on each router to allow routing between the LAN segments since dynamic routing protocols have not been configured yet.
Triển khai vpn client to site qua router gponlaonap166
The document discusses configuring a remote access VPN behind a NAT router. It provides configuration details for an ASA firewall and NAT router to establish a VPN tunnel. Users can connect directly to the ASA or through the NAT router from the internet. The ASA is configured for NAT, cryptography, VPN groups, and interfaces. Show commands confirm successful VPN connections from both internal and external networks through the NAT router.
This document provides instructions for configuring a DMVPN network using Cisco routers. It includes steps for IP address assignment, configuring the underlay OSPF routing protocol, creating GRE tunnels as the overlay network, and configuring NHRP on the tunnels. Key aspects covered are creating loopback interfaces to represent LAN segments, using EIGRP for routing over the overlay, and that BGP or EIGRP work best as the routing protocol over DMVPN.
Vpn site to site 2 asa qua gpon ftth thực tếlaonap166
The document describes configuring a site-to-site VPN between two ASA firewalls located behind GPON routers in Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi, Vietnam. Key steps include configuring interfaces and routing on the ASA in Hanoi, defining network objects, creating a crypto map to match traffic to the VPN, and establishing an IKEv1 and IPsec tunnel to the ASA in Ho Chi Minh City using pre-shared keys. Debug commands show the IKE negotiation and establishment of the VPN tunnel.
This document provides a summary of common Linux network tools including ifconfig, netstat, route, ping, traceroute, iptables, netcat, rinetd, tcpdump, and tcpreplay. It describes what each tool is used for at a high level, such as configuring network interfaces, displaying network status, manipulating network routes, testing network connectivity, implementing firewalls, and capturing/replaying network traffic. The document also provides basic introductions to IPv4 and IPv6 addressing and routing concepts.
The document describes how to configure active/active failover on Cisco ASA firewalls. Key steps include:
1) Configuring both ASA devices in multiple context mode.
2) Creating failover groups and assigning contexts to each group.
3) Configuring failover and stateful failover interfaces on each device.
4) Assigning IP addresses to interfaces in each context.
This allows both devices to remain active and share the load, improving firewall throughput and availability.
Openstack Networking Internals - Advanced Part
The pictures of the VNI were taken with the "Show my network state" tool
https://sites.google.com/site/showmynetworkstate/
The document discusses the configuration of network devices for a network topology. It includes:
1) A list of equipment used including Cisco switches and routers.
2) Diagrams of the Layer 2 and Layer 3 topologies, showing VLANs, routing protocols, and IP addressing.
3) Requirements and configuration sections detailing configurations for routing protocols like BGP, OSPF, EIGRP, services like NTP, and security features like NAT and CBAC.
The configurations provided implement an IBGP setup between routers, NTP synchronization, NAT for internal to external addressing, and CBAC to control external access to internal resources. Packet flows and debugging outputs validate the working of these configurations.
This document describes the configuration of VLANs on a Cisco switch. The key steps are:
1. Six VLANs are created and named for different departments.
2. Ports on the switch are assigned to each VLAN to segregate network traffic for each department.
3. IP addresses are configured for each VLAN interface and routing is enabled with RIP to allow communication between VLANs.
4. Ping tests confirm connectivity between devices on different VLANs, showing the VLAN configuration is functioning properly.
True stories on the analysis of network activity using Pythondelimitry
The document discusses network packet analysis using Python. It provides an overview of network analysis tools like Wireshark and tcpdump, and how to use them to analyze network traffic captured in a pcap file. It also discusses how to create and send network packets using Scapy for tasks like port scanning, and how to filter network traffic using IPv4/IPv6 packet filters like iptables. The document provides examples of summarizing pcap data and crafting network packets for various protocols.
Cisco discovery drs ent module 8 - v.4 in english.igede tirtanata
The document contains questions and answers about configuring and applying access control lists (ACLs) on routers. Some key points:
- ACL entries are assigned sequence numbers, with new entries added at the end by default.
- Inbound ACLs are more efficient than outbound ACLs as they can deny packets before routing lookups.
- ACLs can be used to filter traffic, specify NAT source addresses, and identify traffic for QoS among other uses.
- Standard ACLs filter based on source address only while extended ACLs can filter on additional fields and factors.
The document provides steps to upgrade the IOS image and field programmable device (FPD) images on a Cisco 7206 router. The steps include deleting old image files, copying new IOS and FPD images via TFTP, verifying the image checksums, setting the boot configuration to use the new IOS image, and rebooting the router to complete the upgrade. Checks are also provided to confirm the VSA card and other modules are functioning after the upgrade.
VDCF is a management tool for virtualizing and monitoring Solaris environments. It allows centralized installation, operation, migration, monitoring, security, hardening and disaster recovery of Solaris zones, LDoms, and bare metal servers. VDCF provides simplicity, standardization, and high availability for private clouds. It has been in production use since 2006 to virtualize and manage Solaris environments.
Algosec how to avoid business outages from misconfigured devices finalMaytal Levi
The document discusses how network devices can be misconfigured, leading to security issues and business outages. It provides examples of misconfigured firewall rules that incorrectly allow access between servers. Proper change management processes are needed to prevent misconfigurations during network changes. The document emphasizes that even small errors in configurations, like using the wrong subnet mask, can expose many devices. Close review of access control lists is required to find misconfigurations when issues occur, as even long lists may contain small errors allowing unintended access.
This document provides instructions for capturing packet traces from funkwerk devices in a format readable by Wireshark or Ethereal. It describes how to install the necessary software on Windows or Linux systems and use the Brickware or bricktrace-linux tools to connect to the device, select an interface to trace, and save the output as a pcap file or pipe it directly to Wireshark for analysis. Filtering options are also explained to limit the trace to specific protocols, ports, or IP addresses.
The document describes how to configure a Linux machine as a router to connect two subnets. It provides instructions to enable IP forwarding and configure the network interfaces using temporary and permanent methods.
The summary is:
- Enable IP forwarding and configure the network interfaces of two Ethernet cards using ifconfig to set up routing temporarily
- Use netconf to configure the interfaces and routing permanently by editing settings, accepting changes, and rebooting to confirm the configuration persists
- Install traffic generator programs on end stations to test routing of UDP and TCP packets between subnets going through the router
This document describes configuring a basic single-area OSPFv2 network. It includes the topology diagram and addressing tables, and steps to build the network, configure OSPF routing on each router with area 0, and verify OSPF neighbor relationships and routing tables. It also provides sample outputs of show commands to check OSPF settings and interfaces.
25 most frequently used linux ip tables rules examplesTeja Bheemanapally
This document provides 25 examples of iptables firewall rules that can be used or modified for specific needs. Some examples include allowing incoming SSH, HTTP, HTTPS, and other protocols from certain IP addresses or networks while blocking others. Load balancing incoming web traffic and allowing internal networks to access external networks are also demonstrated through iptables rules.
The document describes a Secure Active Switch (SAS) system that implements modifications to the Linux kernel bridge to prevent ARP poisoning attacks on a local network. The SAS runs on an embedded system using a ColdFire Motorola processor. It functions as an active network switch that can detect and block ARP attacks by monitoring packets and learning the MAC-IP bindings. Testing showed the SAS successfully blocked ARP poisoning attempts while only adding around 1% more latency to regular network traffic.
Tri aoi training-supplementary_2011.01Ralph Nguyen
This document provides information on installing and configuring TRI-AOI inspection equipment, including:
- Installation modes for different production environments such as inline, offline, and standalone
- Network configuration details for connecting multiple AOI and SPI devices across 9 lines
- Specifications for main machines, main PCs, repair PCs, and SPC computers including model numbers, serial numbers, IP addresses, and other network settings
Packet Tracer Simulation Lab Layer3 RoutingJohnson Liu
The document describes setting up routing between two routers. It involves:
1. Configuring WAN interfaces on each router and assigning IP addresses between them.
2. Setting up LAN segments behind each router by configuring LAN interfaces and assigning IP addresses.
3. Enabling static routing on each router to allow routing between the LAN segments since dynamic routing protocols have not been configured yet.
Triển khai vpn client to site qua router gponlaonap166
The document discusses configuring a remote access VPN behind a NAT router. It provides configuration details for an ASA firewall and NAT router to establish a VPN tunnel. Users can connect directly to the ASA or through the NAT router from the internet. The ASA is configured for NAT, cryptography, VPN groups, and interfaces. Show commands confirm successful VPN connections from both internal and external networks through the NAT router.
This document provides instructions for configuring a DMVPN network using Cisco routers. It includes steps for IP address assignment, configuring the underlay OSPF routing protocol, creating GRE tunnels as the overlay network, and configuring NHRP on the tunnels. Key aspects covered are creating loopback interfaces to represent LAN segments, using EIGRP for routing over the overlay, and that BGP or EIGRP work best as the routing protocol over DMVPN.
Vpn site to site 2 asa qua gpon ftth thực tếlaonap166
The document describes configuring a site-to-site VPN between two ASA firewalls located behind GPON routers in Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi, Vietnam. Key steps include configuring interfaces and routing on the ASA in Hanoi, defining network objects, creating a crypto map to match traffic to the VPN, and establishing an IKEv1 and IPsec tunnel to the ASA in Ho Chi Minh City using pre-shared keys. Debug commands show the IKE negotiation and establishment of the VPN tunnel.
This document provides a summary of common Linux network tools including ifconfig, netstat, route, ping, traceroute, iptables, netcat, rinetd, tcpdump, and tcpreplay. It describes what each tool is used for at a high level, such as configuring network interfaces, displaying network status, manipulating network routes, testing network connectivity, implementing firewalls, and capturing/replaying network traffic. The document also provides basic introductions to IPv4 and IPv6 addressing and routing concepts.
The document describes how to configure active/active failover on Cisco ASA firewalls. Key steps include:
1) Configuring both ASA devices in multiple context mode.
2) Creating failover groups and assigning contexts to each group.
3) Configuring failover and stateful failover interfaces on each device.
4) Assigning IP addresses to interfaces in each context.
This allows both devices to remain active and share the load, improving firewall throughput and availability.
Openstack Networking Internals - Advanced Part
The pictures of the VNI were taken with the "Show my network state" tool
https://sites.google.com/site/showmynetworkstate/
The document discusses the configuration of network devices for a network topology. It includes:
1) A list of equipment used including Cisco switches and routers.
2) Diagrams of the Layer 2 and Layer 3 topologies, showing VLANs, routing protocols, and IP addressing.
3) Requirements and configuration sections detailing configurations for routing protocols like BGP, OSPF, EIGRP, services like NTP, and security features like NAT and CBAC.
The configurations provided implement an IBGP setup between routers, NTP synchronization, NAT for internal to external addressing, and CBAC to control external access to internal resources. Packet flows and debugging outputs validate the working of these configurations.
The document discusses Linux networking commands and tools. It provides examples of using ip commands to view and configure network interfaces, routes, neighbors, and rules. It also shows tcpdump for packet capture and nmap for port scanning. Firewalls are configured using iptables to allow traffic from a specific source to a web server port.
This document provides an overview of various network security solutions that can be implemented on Cisco edge networks. It begins with a description of common switching security features like port security, DHCP snooping, and dynamic ARP inspection. It then covers private VLANs, protected ports, and various access control lists that can filter traffic. The document also discusses remote management solutions, SSH authentication, SNMPv3, zone-based firewalls, AAA, and best practices. Finally, it provides brief summaries of features related to the ASA firewall, IPS/IDS virtualization, ISE, ACS, and packet capture functionality.
This document discusses using SR-IOV and KVM virtual machines on Debian to virtualize high-performance servers requiring low latency and high throughput networking. It describes configuring SR-IOV on the server's Ethernet cards through the BIOS. On Debian, it shows enabling SR-IOV drivers in the kernel, configuring virtual functions, and assigning them to virtual machines using libvirt with PCI device passthrough. VLAN tagging and MAC addresses must be configured separately on the host due to limitations of the Debian version used.
The document provides a summary of global counters for various packet and system metrics collected over different time intervals. It shows counters related to packets, sessions, flows, applications, NAT, DFA, TCP, CTD, FPGA, AHO and other system aspects with metrics like packets transmitted, sessions installed, policy denials, fragmentations, predictions and more. The counters provide insights on system resource usage, traffic processing and drops across various components over time.
ODY000311 Principle of VRRP and Configuration .pptmarwan76
This document discusses the Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) and how to configure it on Huawei S6506 switches. VRRP elects a master router to forward packets and provide uninterrupted service if the gateway fails. It allows for multiple switches to share the traffic load by configuring multiple virtual routers with different IP addresses. Interfaces can also be tracked so that a switch's priority decreases if the tracked interface goes down, allowing another switch to become the master. The document provides examples of configuring single and multiple virtual routers, interface tracking, and other VRRP parameters.
Tcp ack or syn+ack coming to fwsm running tp mode when session is not in the ...IT Tech
The document describes how a FWSM in transparent mode handles TCP ACK or SYN+ACK packets entering the FWSM when there is no matching session in the connection table. It provides examples of log messages when a TCP ACK packet or SYN+ACK packet enters the outside or inside interface respectively in this state. Network diagrams and configurations of related devices including the FWSM and two routers are also included.
The document contains multiple choice questions about network configuration and protocols. Based on the options provided, the correct answers are:
- The missing information for Blank 1 is the command show ip route.
- Addition of hosts to a physical segment and increasing use of bandwidth intensive network applications contribute to congestion on an Ethernet LAN.
- The SwA port has IEEE 802.1Q trunking enabled and the SwB port has ISL trunking enabled.
Ipv6 test plan for opnfv poc v2.2 spirent-vctlabIben Rodriguez
This document outlines test plans and requirements for testing IPv6 in an OPNFV PoC v2.0 environment using OpenStack Liberty and ODL Lithium SR2. It details:
(1) Setting up an IPv6 service VM in OpenStack with ODL controller capability for IPv6 routing and address advertisement.
(2) A test design and steps for setting up infrastructure, ODL and OpenStack controllers, and compute nodes.
(3) Positive test cases to validate IPv6 and IPv4 connectivity between VMs, routers and external DNS via ping, traceroute from the VM and service VM.
(4) References for IPv6 configuration and testing in Linux.
Handy Networking Tools and How to Use ThemSneha Inguva
Linux networking tools can be used to analyze network connectivity and performance. Tools like ifconfig show interface configurations, route displays routing tables, arp shows the ARP cache, dig/nslookup resolve DNS, and traceroute traces the network path. Nmap scans for open ports, ping checks latency, and tcpdump captures traffic. Iperf3 and wrk2 can load test throughput and capacity, while tcpreplay replays captured traffic. These CLI tools provide essential network information and testing capabilities from the command line.
Free CCNP switching workbook by networkershome pdfNetworkershome
This document provides instructions for configuring various networking features like VLANs, trunking, routing, spanning tree, port security, and macros on Cisco switches and routers. The tasks include:
1. Configuring VLANs, trunking between switches, and IP addresses on switches and routers according to a logical diagram.
2. Configuring EtherChannel between switches and verifying the EtherChannel status.
3. Configuring MSTP on switches to have two STP instances, with one switch as the root bridge for each instance.
4. Configuring SPAN/RSPAN between switches to monitor traffic on one switch port and send it to an analyzer connected to another switch port.
This document contains configuration details for setting up an ACI Multi-Pod topology including IPN switches, APIC clusters, POD fabrics, access policies, and BGP route reflectors. It provides instructions on configuring the network topology with leaf-spine switches connected across multiple PODs, configuring the APICs with fabric profiles and settings, and setting policies for switch, interface, and fabric configurations.
The document discusses Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) and how it can be used to gather information about neighboring and remote network devices. CDP discovers information like device identifiers, address lists, port identifiers, and capabilities without needing to know the data link layer protocol. The summary also describes how to use commands like show cdp neighbor, show cdp entry, ping, and telnet to view CDP information and connect to remote devices.
The document describes the configuration of a multi-pod ACI topology with IPN connectivity. It includes steps to configure the APIC clusters, fabric pods, EVPN connectivity between pods, IPN VLANs and subnets, OSPF routing in the IPN, and interface policies for IPN traffic. The goal is to establish IP network connectivity between remote pods using ACI spine switches as IPN routers.
The document discusses reverse engineering the firmware of Swisscom's Centro Grande modems. It identifies several vulnerabilities found, including a command overflow issue that allows complete control of the device by exceeding the input buffer, and multiple buffer overflow issues that can be exploited to execute code remotely by crafting specially formatted XML files. Details are provided on the exploitation techniques and timeline of coordination with Swisscom to address the vulnerabilities.
This document provides a lab manual for CCNA certification. It contains instructions for configuring various networking topics across multiple labs. Lab 1 covers basic switch configuration including setting the hostname, passwords, SSH, VLANs, and port security. Port security is configured on Fast Ethernet 0/1 to allow a maximum of 1 MAC address and shutdown the port if violated.
Salesforce Integration for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions A...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
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Ipso vrrp troubleshooting
1. The purpose of this article is to help in troubleshooting VRRP related issues on
NOkia Checkpoint Firewalls. One of the most common problems faced in Nokia VRRP
Implementations is that interfaces on active and standby firewalls go into the
master master state. THe main reason for this is because the individual vrids of
the master and backup firewall are not able to see the vrrp multicast requests
of each other.
The first step is to check the vrrp state of the interfaces. This is how you can
check that:
PrimaryFW-A[admin]# iclid
PrimaryFW-A> show vrrp
VRRP State
Flags: On
6 interface enabled
6 virtual routers configured
0 in Init state
0 in Backup state
6 in Master state
PrimaryFW-A>
PrimaryFW-A> exit
Bye.
PrimaryFW-A[admin]#
SecondaryFW-B[admin]# iclid
SecondaryFW-B> sh vrrp
VRRP State
Flags: On
6 interface enabled
6 virtual routers configured
0 in Init state
4 in Backup state
2 in Master state
SecondaryFW-B>
SecondaryFW-B> exit
Bye.
SecondaryFW-B[admin]#
In the example shown you see that 2 interfaces each from both firewalls are in
the Master state.
The next step should involve running tcpdumps to see if the vrrp multicasts are
reaching the particular interface.
As the first troubleshooting measure, put a tcpdump on the problematic interface
of the master and backup firewalls. If you want to know what the problematic
interface is, “echo sh vrrp int | iclid“ should give you the answer. It is that
interface on the backup firewall which would be in a Master state.
PrimaryFW-A[admin]# tcpdump -i eth-s4p2c0 proto vrrp
tcpdump: listening on eth-s4p2c0
00:46:11.379961 O 192.168.1.1 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2-adver 20: vrid 102 pri 100
[tos 0xc0]
00:46:12.399982 O 192.168.1.1 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2-adver 20: vrid 102 pri 100
[tos 0xc0]
00:46:13.479985 O 192.168.1.1 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2-adver 20: vrid 102 pri 100
[tos 0xc0]
00:46:14.560007 O 192.168.1.1 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2-adver 20: vrid 102 pri 100
[tos 0xc0]
2. When you put a tcpdump on the Primary Firewall, you see that the vrrp multicast
request is leaving the interface.
Next put the tcpdump on the secondary firewall.
SecondaryFW-B[admin]# tcpdump -i eth-s4p2c0 proto vrrp
tcpdump: listening on eth-s4p2c0
00:19:38.507294 O 192.168.1.2 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2-adver 20: vrid 102 pri 95
[tos 0xc0]
00:19:39.527316 O 192.168.1.2 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2-adver 20: vrid 102 pri 95
[tos 0xc0]
00:19:40.607328 O 192.168.1.2 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2-adver 20: vrid 102 pri 95
[tos 0xc0]
00:19:41.687351 O 192.168.1.2 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2-adver 20: vrid 102 pri 95
[tos 0xc0]
00:19:42.707364 O 192.168.1.2 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2-adver 20: vrid 102 pri 95
[tos 0xc0]
Now you can see that the interface on both the primary and the secondary
firewalls are broadcasting vrrp multicasts. This is because the vrrp multicasts
are not reaching the firewalls interfaces. This means there is a communication
breakdown which can be possibly caused by network issues.
Once the network issue is resolved, communication would be possible and the
interface with the lower priority will go as the secondary or backup state.
Now let us discuss another scenario where there is a problem with the firewall
interfaces in Master Master state.
Again put a tcpdump on both the interfaces in question:
PrimaryFW-A[admin]# tcpdump -i eth-s4p2c0 proto vrrp
tcpdump: listening on eth-s4p2c0
00:46:11.206994 I 10.10.10.1 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2-adver 20: vrid 103 pri 95 [tos
0xc0]
00:46:11.379961 O 192.168.1.1 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2-adver 20: vrid 102 pri 100
[tos 0xc0]
00:46:12.286990 I 10.10.10.1 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2-adver 20: vrid 103 pri 95 [tos
0xc0]
00:46:12.399982 O 192.168.1.1 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2-adver 20: vrid 102 pri 100
[tos 0xc0]
00:46:13.307014 I 10.10.10.1 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2-adver 20: vrid 103 pri 95 [tos
0xc0]
00:46:13.479985 O 192.168.1.1 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2-adver 20: vrid 102 pri 100
[tos 0xc0]
00:46:14.387098 I 10.10.10.1 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2-adver 20: vrid 103 pri 95 [tos
0xc0]
00:46:14.560007 O 192.168.1.1 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2-adver 20: vrid 102 pri 100
[tos 0xc0]
00:46:15.467064 I 10.10.10.1 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2-adver 20: vrid 103 pri 95 [tos
0xc0]
00:46:15.580010 O 192.168.1.1 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2-adver 20: vrid 102 pri 100
[tos 0xc0]
SecondaryFW-B[admin]# tcpdump -i eth-s4p2c0 proto vrrp
tcpdump: listening on eth-s4p2c0
00:19:38.507294 O 192.168.1.2 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2-adver 20: vrid 102 pri 95
[tos 0xc0]
00:19:38.630075 I 10.10.10.2 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2-adver 20: vrid 103 pri 100
[tos 0xc0]
00:19:39.527316 O 192.168.1.2 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2-adver 20: vrid 102 pri 95
[tos 0xc0]
00:19:39.710131 I 10.10.10.2 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2-adver 20: vrid 103 pri 100
[tos 0xc0]
3. 00:19:40.607328 O 192.168.1.2 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2-adver 20: vrid 102 pri 95
[tos 0xc0]
00:19:40.790142 I 10.10.10.2 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2-adver 20: vrid 103 pri 100
[tos 0xc0]
00:19:41.687351 O 192.168.1.2 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2-adver 20: vrid 102 pri 95
[tos 0xc0]
00:19:41.810150 I 10.10.10.2 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2-adver 20: vrid 103 pri 100
[tos 0xc0]
In the above example look at the vrid numbers of the incoming and outgoing
packets. From the vrids you see that that the vrids donot match. This is an
indication that the cabling is not correct. The cables going to vrid 102 and 103
are not connected correctly and they need to be swapped to fix this issue.
Swap the cables and the issue will be resolved. The firewall with the higher
priority will go into the Master state.
A properly functioning firewall will be like this:
PrimaryFW-A[admin]# iclid
PrimaryFW-A> sh vrrp
VRRP State
Flags: On
6 interface enabled
6 virtual routers configured
0 in Init state
0 in Backup state
6 in Master state
PrimaryFW-A> exit
Bye.
PrimaryFW-A[admin]#
SecondaryFW-B[admin]# iclid
SecondaryFW-B> sh vrrp
VRRP State
Flags: On
6 interface enabled
6 virtual routers configured
0 in Init state
6 in Backup state
0 in Master state
SecondaryFW-B> exit
Bye.
SecondaryFW-B[admin]#
If you were to tcpdump the healthy interface, this is how it would look:
PrimaryFW-A[admin]# tcpdump -i eth-s4p2c0 proto vrrp
tcpdump: listening on eth-s4p2c0
18:25:44.015711 O 192.168.1.1 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2-adver 20: vrid 102 pri 100
[tos 0xc0]
18:25:45.095726 O 192.168.1.1 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2-adver 20: vrid 102 pri 100
[tos 0xc0]
18:25:46.175751 O 192.168.1.1 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2-adver 20: vrid 102 pri 100
[tos 0xc0]
18:25:47.195770 O 192.168.1.1 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2-adver 20: vrid 102 pri 100
[tos 0xc0]
18:25:48.275819 O 192.168.1.1 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2-adver 20: vrid 102 pri 100
[tos 0xc0]
18:25:49.355812 O 192.168.1.1 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2-adver 20: vrid 102 pri 100
4. [tos 0xc0]
^C
97 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel
PrimaryFW-A[admin]#
SecondaryFW-B[admin]# tcpdump -i eth-s4p2c0 proto vrrp
tcpdump: listening on eth-s4p2c0
18:26:07.415446 I 192.168.1.1 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2-adver 20: vrid 102 pri 100
[tos 0xc0]
18:26:08.495451 I 192.168.1.1 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2-adver 20: vrid 102 pri 100
[tos 0xc0]
18:26:09.515480 I 192.168.1.1 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2-adver 20: vrid 102 pri 100
[tos 0xc0]
18:26:10.595486 I 192.168.1.1 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2-adver 20: vrid 102 pri 100
[tos 0xc0]
18:26:11.675485 I 192.168.1.1 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2-adver 20: vrid 102 pri 100
[tos 0xc0]
18:26:12.695522 I 192.168.1.1 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2-adver 20: vrid 102 pri 100
[tos 0xc0]
18:26:13.775590 I 192.168.1.1 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2-adver 20: vrid 102 pri 100
[tos 0xc0]
^C
14 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel
SecondaryFW-B[admin]#
“““““““““
VRRP Transitions can happen due to several causes:
The first (and most common) cause is that one or more of the monitored
interfaces looses link state.
The next cause is due to network issues VRRP hello packets are not seen
originating from the master VRRP member on the backup.
The third cuase is that one of the Check Point critical devices fails to check-
in its state to the Kernel within the specified timeout.
Solution
VRRP Transitions due to loss of link state
It is often difficult to determine if the VRRP transition has occured due to a
loss of link state on one of the monitored interfaces. To isolate the failover
cause to a link transition of one of the following interfaces do the following:
Gather switch statistics from the devices directly connected to the VRRP pair to
analyze whether or not you can determine if a link transition occurred.
Run following commands to determine what interface is loosing link state causing
the transition to occur.
(NOTE: This command shows Up to Down Transitions only. It will not increment
when the link state goes from Down to UP.)
ipso[admin]# clish -c “show interfacemonitor“
5. Interface Monitor
Interface eth1c0
Status up
Logical Name eth1c0
State PhysAvail,LinkAvail,Up,Broadcast,Multicast,AutoLink
MTU 1518
Up to Down Transitions 1
Interface eth2c0
Status up
Logical Name eth2c0
State PhysAvail,LinkAvail,Up,Broadcast,Multicast,AutoLink
MTU 1518
Up to Down Transitions 1
Interface eth3c0
Status up
Logical Name eth3c0
State PhysAvail,LinkAvail,Up,Broadcast,Multicast,AutoLink
MTU 1518
Up to Down Transitions 1
Interface eth4c0
Status down
Logical Name eth4c0
Interface loop0c0
Status up
Logical Name loop0c0
State PhysAvail,LinkAvail,Up,Loopback,Multicast
MTU 0
Up to Down Transitions 0
ipso[admin]# clish -c “show vrrp interfaces“
VRRP Interfaces
Interface eth1c0
Number of virtual routers: 1
Flags: MonitoredCircuitMode
Authentication: NoAuthentication
VRID 10
State: Master Time since
transition: 85236
BasePriority: 110 Effective Priority:
110
Master transitions: 3 Flags:
Advertisement interval: 1 Router Dead Interval:
3
VMAC Mode: VRRP VMAC:
00:00:5e:00:01:0a
Primary address: 10.207.159.5
Next advertisement:
Number of Addresses: 1
10.207.159.88
Monitored circuits
eth3c0 (priority 10)
Interface eth3c0
Number of virtual routers: 1
Flags: MonitoredCircuitMode
Authentication: NoAuthentication
6. VRID 10
State: Master Time since
transition: 85236
BasePriority: 110 Effective Priority:
110
Master transitions: 3 Flags:
Advertisement interval: 1 Router Dead Interval:
3
VMAC Mode: VRRP VMAC:
00:00:5e:00:01:0a
Primary address: 192.168.159.4
Next advertisement:
Number of Addresses: 1
192.168.159.88
Monitored circuits
eth1c0 (priority 10)
VRRP Transitions due to not recieving VRRP hello packets
In order to determine if VRRP hello packets are seen from the master on the
backup you will need to run tcpdump on each interface (configured for VRRP)
looking for the inbound hello packets.The following command will allow you to
see all VRRP hello packets:
ipso[admin]# tcpdump -vv -i eth1c0 proto vrrp
tcpdump: listening on eth1c0
18:18:20.605420 I 10.207.159.5 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2-adver 20: vrid 10 pri 110
int 1 sum 9684 naddrs 1 10.207.159.88 [tos 0xc0] (ttl 255, id 14906)
36 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel
When analyzing the VRRP hello packet there are several things that need to be
looked at:
VRID “ make sure that the packets you are looking at belong to the VRID in
question.
pri “ this is the effective priority that is being announced to the other VRRP
member
VRRP Transitions due to a failure of a Check Point Critical Device
VRRP will only monitor the state of the Check Point processes only if “FW
Monitoring“ is selected in the VRRP configuration. For troubleshooting purposes
this can be disabled from Voyager to rule out a critical device failure. Nokia
does not recommend that customer run with this setting disabled in a production
environment.
A Check Point Critical Device is a process that is monitored by the cpha daemon.
These devices must report their state to the kernel within the timeout
specified. If the device fails to report its state to the kernel within the
7. specified timeout the kernel will assume that there is a problem with the
process and will force a VRRP failover.
Note: When “ FW Monitoring “ is enabled on VRRP; any backward clock move will
cause fwd to go into problem state and as a result VRRP fail over will occur.
To obtain a list of the Check Point Critical Devices and timeouts run the
following command:
ipso[admin]# cphaprob -i list
Built-in Devices:
Device Name: IPSO member status
Current state: OK
Registered Devices:
Device Name: Synchronization
Registration number: 0
Timeout: none
Current state: OK
Time since last report: 102563 sec
Device Name: Filter
Registration number: 1
Timeout: none
Current state: OK
Time since last report: 102548 sec
Device Name: cphad
Registration number: 2
Timeout: 5 sec
Current state: OK
Time since last report: 0.2 sec
Device Name: fwd
Registration number: 3
Timeout: 5 sec
Current state: OK
Time since last report: 0.6 sec
To enable debugging (which will write an event to the messages file and console
upon a critical device failure) run the following commands:
ipso[admin]# ipsctl -w net:log:partner:status:debug 1
That will log to the console and to /var/log/messages. If you want to turn off:
ipso[admin]# ipsctl -w net:log:sink:console 0
After enabling debugging, analyze the /var/log/messages file and look for lines
containing “noksr“. The log event will look like the following:
Oct 12 18:55:28 IP650A [LOG_DEBUG] kernel: netlog:noksr_timeout .. Firewall-
1/cphad expired
Oct 12 18:55:28 IP650A [LOG_DEBUG] kernel: netlog:noksr_timeout .. Firewall-
1/fwd expired
8. Analyzing this information you will be able to determine exactly which critical
device has failed. You should then take a look at the timeout value for this
critical device to determine if the value is high enough.
In relatively high CPU usage situations failover may occur due to the critical
device not getting the CPU time required to check its state in with the kernel.
It is recommended to increase the parameter to 600 seconds if the machine is
under heavy load.
If the above does not improve the situation, use the following command to
completely remove the FWD from the “response“ list:
ipso[admin]# cphaprob -d fwd unregister
Take into consideration that this means that failover will not occur if the FWD
daemon crashes during normal operation.
To change a timeout value to a higher value use the following command:
ipso[admin]# cphaprob -d [device] -t [timeout] -s [state] -p register
Example:
ipso[admin]# cphaprob -d fwd -t 120 -s ok -p register
This command has registered the fwd process with the state “OK“ and a timeout
value of 120 seconds.
(NOTE: this command will not survive a reboot so the commands will need to be
added to the fwstart script or rc.local with a 60 seconds sleep to make this
persistant across reboots)
““
show vrrp interfaces
Detailed configuration of VRRP, including priority, hello interval, and VRID
clish -c “show interfacemonitor“
Displays interface transitions
cphaprob -i list
Displays Checkpoint critical processes and their timeouts.
To log critical process failures:
ipsctl -w net:log:partner:status:debug 1
That will log to the console and to /var/log/messages. If you want to turn off:
ipsctl -w net:log:sink:console 0
To change the timeout value of a monitored process:
cphaprob -d [device] -t [timeout] -s [state] -p register