This document provides an introduction to wireless communication, including:
1) It discusses the history of wireless communication from Marconi's invention of the wireless telegraph in 1896 to modern advances like cellular technology and wireless networking.
2) It defines wireless communication as transmitting voice and data using electromagnetic waves through open space like the atmosphere.
3) It describes the basics of how wireless communication works, including the electromagnetic spectrum, different wireless technologies and their associated wavelengths, and the types of electromagnetic carriers used for different transmission distances and environments.
This presentation deals with topics such as Electromagnetic Spectrum, Wireless Propagation, Signals, Signal propagation effects, Spread spectrum and cellular systems.
Module 1: Introduction Lectures 8 hrs.
Fundamentals of wireless communication technology – the electromagnetic spectrum – radio
propagation mechanisms – characteristics of the wireless channel – Mobile Ad-hoc Networks
(MANETS) and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs): concepts and architectures. Applications
of Ad-hoc and sensor networks. Design challenges in Ad-hoc and sensor networks.
A short ppt on unguided aka wireless networks with a follow up in a non technical manner so that it is easy to explain and answer questions upon it is not intended to be used as a ppt for teaching but for rather a student to give explanation on per sem projects .... enjoy
This presentation deals with topics such as Electromagnetic Spectrum, Wireless Propagation, Signals, Signal propagation effects, Spread spectrum and cellular systems.
Module 1: Introduction Lectures 8 hrs.
Fundamentals of wireless communication technology – the electromagnetic spectrum – radio
propagation mechanisms – characteristics of the wireless channel – Mobile Ad-hoc Networks
(MANETS) and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs): concepts and architectures. Applications
of Ad-hoc and sensor networks. Design challenges in Ad-hoc and sensor networks.
A short ppt on unguided aka wireless networks with a follow up in a non technical manner so that it is easy to explain and answer questions upon it is not intended to be used as a ppt for teaching but for rather a student to give explanation on per sem projects .... enjoy
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2. History of wireless communication
Guglielmo Marconi invented the wireless telegraph in
1896
Communication by encoding alphanumeric characters in
analog signal
Sent telegraphic signals across the Atlantic Ocean
1914 – first voice communication over radio waves
Communications satellites launched in 1960s
Advances in wireless technology
Radio, television, mobile telephone, communication satellites
More recently
Satellite communications, wireless networking, cellular
technology
4. What is Wireless Communication ?
Transmitting voice and data using electromagnetic
waves in open space (atmosphere)
Electromagnetic waves
Travel at speed of light (c = 3x108 m/s)
Has a frequency (f) and wavelength (l)
c = f x l
Higher frequency means higher energy photons
The higher the energy photon the more penetrating is
the radiation
5. Types of wireless communication
celullar wireless computer network radio service
7. Wavelength of Some Technologies
GSM Phones:
frequency ~= 900 Mhz
wavelength ~= 33cm
PCS Phones
frequency ~= 1.8 Ghz
wavelength ~= 17.5 cm
Bluetooth:
frequency ~= 2.4Gz
wavelength ~= 12.5cm
8. Types of electromagnetic carriers
when the distance between the sender and receiver is
short (e.g. TV box and a remote control) infrared
waves are used
for long range distances between sender and receiver
(e.g. TV broadcasting and cellular service) both
microwaves and radio waves are used
radio waves are ideal when large areas need to be coverd and
obstacles exist in the transmission path
microwaves are good when large areas need to be coverd and
no obstacles exist in the transmission path
10. Advantages and disadvantages of
wireless communication
advantages:
mobility
a wireless communication network is a solution in areas where
cables are impossible to install (e.g. hazardous areas, long
distances etc.)
easier to maintain
disadvantages:
has security vulnerabilities
high costs for setting the infrastructure
unlike wired comm., wireless comm. is influenced by physical
obstructions, climatic conditions, interference from other
wireless devices
11. Frequency Carries/Channels
The information from sender to receiver is carrier
over a well defined frequency band.
This is called a channel
Each channel has a fixed frequency bandwidth (in
KHz) and Capacity (bit-rate)
Different frequency bands (channels) can be used to
transmit information in parallel and independently.
12. Example
Channel 1 (b - b+30)
Channel 2 (b+30 - b+60)
Channel 3 (b+60 - b+90)
Station A Station B
Assume a spectrum of 90KHz is allocated over a base frequency b
for communication between stations A and B
Assume each channel occupies 30KHz.
There are 3 channels
Each channel is simplex (Transmission occurs in one way)
For full duplex communication:
Use two different channels (front and reverse channels)
Use time division in a channel
14. Radio waves generation
when a high-frequency alternating current (AC) passes
through a copper conductor it generates radio waves
which are propagated into the air using an antena
radio waves have frequencies between:
3 Hz – 300 KHz - low frequency
300 KHz – 30 MHz – high frequency
30 MHz – 300 MHz – very high frequency
16. Radio propagation (2)
radio waves are generated by an antenna and they
propagate in all directions as a straight line
radio waves travel at a velocity of 186.000 miles per
second
radio waves become weaker as they travel a long
distance
17. Radio propagation (3)
there are 3 modes of propagation:
surface mode – for low frequency waves
direct mode – for high frequency waves
ionospheric mode – long distance high frequency waves
18. Modulation
modulation = adding information (e.g. voice) to a
carrier electromagnetic (radio) signal