introduction-to-well-completionspdf-pdf-free.pdf

Schlumberger
Private
1. Introduction to Well Completion
Quartz School. Module 12: Well Completions / Section 1: Introduction to Well Completion
1/49
Section
Section –
– 1
1
Introduction to
Introduction to
Well Completion
Well Completion
Quartz School for Well Site Supervisors
Quartz School for Well Site Supervisors
Module
Module –
– 12
12
Well Completions
Well Completions

Schlumberger
Private
1. Introduction to Well Completion
2/49
Types of Wells and Completions

Schlumberger
Private
1. Introduction to Well Completions
3/49
Contents
y Completions in Vertical Wells
y Completions in Deviated Wells
y Horizontal Wells Completions
y Extended Reach Well Profile
y Multilateral Wells
y Intelligent Completions

Schlumberger
Private
4/49
Completions in Vertical Wellbore Profiles
yVertical wellbore
y No great productivity benefit
y May catch unwanted water or gas
y Preferred for fracturing
Cap rock
Basement

Schlumberger
Private
5/49
Open Hole (Barefoot) Completions
y Conductor with open hole
y No ground water protection
y Casing string with open hole
y Provides top-hole stability
y Liner with open hole
y Cross-flow protection
Reservoir
Cap Rock
Open hole
Completion
Gravel Pack
Completion

Schlumberger
Private
6/49
Perforated Completions
y Casing or liner
y Without production tubing
y Casing or liner with production tubing
y Production through tubing or annulus
y Casing or liner with tubing and packer
y Production through tubing enables
flow control
Reservoir
Cap Rock
Cemented
casing
Cemented
liner

Schlumberger
Private
7/49
Cap rock
Basement
Deviated Wellbore Profile
y Deviated wellbore
y Increased productivity
especially in thin
reservoirs
y Extends reach within
reservoir
y General
y 0 – 90 degrees
y Issues with Wireline/Slickline work beyond 65 degrees

Schlumberger
Private
8/49
Horizontal Well Completions
Horizontal wellbore
y Significant increase in productivity
y Reduced influence of skin
y Reduced influence on coning
Issues
y Depth Control
y Zonal Isolation
y Flow Control
Water zone
Cap rock

Schlumberger
Private
9/49
Extended Reach Well
Definition:
y A well in which the ratio of measured depth (MD) to true vertical
depth (TVD) is greater than 2.0
y A mega-reach well has a MD/TVD ratio of 3.0 or greater
y Hibernia - 2.05 Ratio
y BP Wytch Farm - 5.4 Ratio

Schlumberger
Private
10/49
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
Magnus
Colombia
Prudhoe
Dunlin
Alwyn
Argentina
Wytch Farm
Gulfaks
S. Italy
Angola
Dan
Valhal
Guida
Hibernia
Statfjord
Foinhaven
Oman
Examples of Extended Reach Wells

Schlumberger
Private
11/49
Multilateral Wells
Ideal
y The definition of a multilateral well is:
y A well in which there is more than one
horizontal or near horizontal lateral well
drilled from a single main bore and
connected back to the same main bore.

Schlumberger
Private
12/49
Typical ML Well Trajectories
Multi branched Forked Laterals in Vertical Hole
Stacked Laterals Laterals in Horizontal Dual Opposing Laterals

Schlumberger
Private
13/49
Multilateral Nomenclature
Mainbore
Junction
Lateral

Schlumberger
Private
14/49
First Multilateral
First Multilateral well was drilled in
Russia in 1953
y 9 lateral branches from the
main bore
y Increased exposure to the
pay zone by 5.5 times
y Increased production by 17
times
y Only increased capitol
expenditures by 1.5
times

Schlumberger
Private
15/49
Not Two Wells in One
Cost
y To be economical the Capex should be no greater than 50%
additional for each lateral
Production
y Will probably be between 30-60% improvement over a
horizontal well, not double
Economics
y Should improve by approximately 40%

Schlumberger
Private
16/49
Multilateral Advantages
Technical Advantages
y Increased reservoir exposure
y Increase in connectivity to the reservoir, to reduce water
coning, gas coning, and sanding potential
y More efficient exploitation of complex reservoirs
Economic Advantages
y No added cost for the main bore and surface equipment
y No additional slot use on an offshore platform
y Smaller platform due to decreased surface equipment
y Increase in recoverable reserves

Schlumberger
Private
17/49
Multilateral Disadvantages
Technical Disadvantages
y Well intervention is more complicated
y Reservoir monitoring is more complicated
y Increased drilling risks
y Increased problems to control the well while creating
additional laterals
y Increased debris
Economic Disadvantages
y Increased risk of losing the main bore and lower laterals
y Dependent on new technology

Schlumberger
Private
18/49
Technology Advancement of Multi Laterals
TAML Members
Schlumberger, Baker Hughes, BP-Amoco, Chevron,
Mobil, Norsk Hydro, Phillips, Saga, Shell, Smith, Sperry
Sun, Statoil, Texaco, TIW,Total, Weatherford, Well
Service Technology
The objective of the TAML consortium is to promote the
efficient development and utilization of multilaterals
within the international petroleum industry, through
dialogue; information and technology exchange; and
collective sponsorship.

Schlumberger
Private
19/49
TAML (Technology Advancement Multi Lateral) Definitions
• Open hole Main bore
• Open hole Lateral
• Cased Main bore
• Open hole Lateral
• Cased Main bore
• Mechanical Integrity
at Junction
• Cased Main bore
• Cemented Junction
• Cased Main bore
• Mechanical and
Hydraulic Integrity
at Junction
through Casing
Packers
• Cased Main bore
• Mechanical and
Hydraulic Integrity
at Junction
through Junction
construction
RapidExclude Animation
RapidSeal Animation

Schlumberger
Private
20/49
Intelligent Wells = Reservoir Monitoring & Control, RMC
Known in Schlumberger as “RMC Completion”
y RMC stands for: “Reservoir Monitoring & Control”
y Referred to by the industry as: “Intelligent Completions”
Definition of an RMC or Intelligent Completion is:
A completion system which can measure and selectively control
flow into or out from a specific wellbore or interval.
y Two Key Words
y Measure or Monitor
y Control

Schlumberger
Private
21/49
Reservoir Monitoring Control, RMC
Current Scenario
y Water Cut interferes with Oil Production
y Water and/or Gas
Production will limit total
Oil Recoveries to a
maximum of 35% of
Oil in Place
Oil
Gas
Water

Schlumberger
Private
22/49

Schlumberger
Private
23/49

Schlumberger
Private
24/49
Flow Control Valves
Data Transmission
Data Acquisition
Permanent Gauges
Reservoir
Management
Power & Communication
System Overview

Schlumberger
Private
25/49
y A completion system must provide a means of oil or gas
production which is:
y Safe
y e.g., well security, environment
y Efficient
y e.g., production objectives
y Economic
y e.g., cost vs. revenue
Fundamental Requirements

Schlumberger
Private
26/49
Completion – Definition
Definition:
y The methodology and technology required to produce
recoverable reserves (reservoir to surface).
Process:
y The design, selection and installation of tubulars, tools and
equipment, located in the wellbore, for the purpose of
conveying, pumping or controlling production (or injection)
fluids.

Schlumberger
Private
27/49
Completion History / Evolution
y 1300 Marco Polo – wells dug at Caspian Sea
y 1814 First naturally flowing oil well – 475 ft
y 1822 Rudimentary art of drilling established
y 1905 Casing cemented
y 1911 First gas lift device
y 1913 First dual completion
y 1926 First electric submersible pump
y 1933 First gun perforation job
y 1963 Commercial coiled tubing services introduced

Schlumberger
Private
28/49
Completions – The Last 25 Years
Over the past 25 years completion evolution has effected:
y Philosophy
y Technology
y Applications
y Safety
y Contingency

Schlumberger
Private
29/49
Completion Cost
yCompletion cost (relative) example for a 10,000 ft land well
M
o
b
/
D
e
m
o
b
C
a
s
i
n
g
D
r
i
l
l
i
n
g
R
i
g
D
r
i
l
l
i
n
g
F
l
u
i
d
s
C
o
m
p
l
e
t
i
o
n
T
u
b
u
l
a
r
s
&
E
q
u
i
p
m
e
n
t
L
o
g
g
i
n
g
&
P
e
r
f
o
r
a
t
i
n
g
D
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
S
e
r
v
i
c
e
s
B
i
t
s
&
C
o
r
i
n
g
C
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
g
S
u
p
e
r
v
i
s
i
o
n
S
i
t
e
P
r
e
p
a
r
a
t
i
o
n
R
e
n
t
a
l
E
q
u
i
p
m
e
n
t
P
e
r
s
o
n
n
e
l
L
o
g
i
s
t
i
c
s
O
t
h
e
r
C
a
m
p
100
200
300
400
Operational Phase/Cost Category
US
$
x
1000
500

Schlumberger
Private
30/49
Completion Design Factors
y Principal completion design factors include:
y Casing protection
y e.g., protection against erosion, corrosion
y Tubing string removal
y e.g., for replacement or workover for the live of the well
y Safety or contingency
y e.g., requirements for safety valves and well kill
y Production control
y e.g., components providing flexibility and control of production
(nipples, profiles and sliding sleeves

Schlumberger
Private
31/49
Basic Production Configurations
y Majority of completions are based on the following
completion configurations
y Reservoir interface
y Openhole
y Casing production
y Liner production
y Gravel pack wellbore
y Deviation
y Production conduit
y Suspended tubing
y Basic packer
y Packer and tailpipe
y Packer with additional safety and production devices
y Multiple Conduits

Schlumberger
Private
32/49
Open Hole Production
Key points
y No downhole flow
control or isolation
y Producing formation is
unsupported
y Casing provides
isolation between
shallower formations

Schlumberger
Private
33/49
Casing Production
Key points
y No downhole flow
control or isolation
y Casing provides
isolation between
shallower formations
with potential for
remedial work to isolate
sections of perforated
interval

Schlumberger
Private
34/49
Liner Production
Key points:
y Similar to casing
production but with
smaller (and shorter)
tubulars set through the
reservoir

Schlumberger
Private
35/49
Gravel Pack Wellbore
Key points:
y Special application -
requirement determined by
formation type
y May require special
operation (under reaming)
during well construction
phase

Schlumberger
Private
36/49
Gravel Pack - Screens
yGravel pack screen types
Wire wrapped
screen
Prepacked screen

Schlumberger
Private
37/49
Simple Tubing Completion
Key features:
y Circulation capability
(well kill or kick-off)
y Improves hydraulic
performance
y Limited protection for
casing

Schlumberger
Private
38/49
Basic Packer Completion
Key features
y Tubing Anchoring
y Isolation of Production
Interval
(determined by design and
setting of packer)
y Casing string protected
from fluid and pressure
effects

Schlumberger
Private
39/49
Packer with Tailpipe
Key features
y Additional flexibility for
downhole production
(flow)control, e.g., plugs
y Facility for downhole
instruments (gauges)

Schlumberger
Private
40/49
Enhanced Packer Installation
Key features
y Improved flexibility for
downhole production
control, e.g., plugs
above or below packer
independent of packer
y Safety facility (SSSV)

Schlumberger
Private
41/49
Completion Examples
The following completion examples are extracted from
design files for:
y Single zone completions
y Multiple zone completions
y Liner completions
y Special completions
y Sand control
y Inhibitor injection
y Water flooding
y Thermal
y Remedial (scab liner)

Schlumberger
Private
42/49
Single Zone – Retrievable Packer
Key Features:
y Hydraulically set
y Tail-pipe facility for
pressure and temperature
gauges
y Fully retrievable
completion
y Packer can be set with
well flanged up
y Thru-tubing perforation
possible where size
permits

Schlumberger
Private
43/49
Single Zone – Seal-Bore Packer
Key Features:
y Seal-bore packer set on
electric-line or tubing
y On-off connector and
tubing anchor allows
tubing to be retrieved
y Tailpipe plugged and left
in wellbore or retrieved
with production tubing

Schlumberger
Private
44/49
Single Zone – Packer and Tailpipe
Key Features:
y Tailpipe plugged and left in
wellbore when production tubing is
retrieved
y Permits safe thru-tubing
perforating
y Block and kill system facilitates the
killing of high-pressure, high-flow
rate wells

Schlumberger
Private
45/49
Multiple Zones – 2 Zones 1 Packer
Key Features:
y Separate or commingled
production through single
tubing string
y Blast joint protection across
upper interval
y On-off connector and tubing
anchor permits tubing retrieval
with lower interval isolated

Schlumberger
Private
46/49
Multiple Zones – 2 Zones 2 Packers
Key Features:
y Independent production through
dual tubing strings
y Blast joint protection across upper
interval
y Both packers retrievable
y Tailpipe instrument facility on both
strings
y Thru-tubing perforation of lower
zone possible

Schlumberger
Private
47/49
Liner CSR
Key Features:
y Most simple liner hook-up
y CSR replaces packer
y Fluid circulation through
sliding sleeve above the liner
hanger
y Tailpipe retrieved with
production tubing

Schlumberger
Private
48/49
Monobore Completion
Key Features:
y Designed to meet
criteria for:
y appropriate production
rates
y flexibility/contingency
y safety
y monitoring (reservoir
management)
y longevity
Safety valve
Packer/hanger
assembly
Liner

Schlumberger
Private
49/49
Multi-Zone Completion
Zone 1 Zone 2
Tubing Retreivable Surface
Controled Subsurface Safety
Valve (TRSCSSV)
Annular Safety Valve (ASV)
System with Wet Disconnect
Gas Lift Mandrel
Production Packer w/
TEC bypass
10 3/4 Casing
5-1/2 Production Tubing
Isolation
Packer w/ TEC
feedthru
Flow Control Device w/
Integral Pressure/
Temperature sensor
Venturi Flowmeter 9-5/8 Liner
Example of a Multi Zone Completion
using a Standard Configuration for
each Zone
(this can be repeated for any number of zones)
Hydraulic Control Line for
the TRSCSSV
Hydraulic Control Line for
the ASV
Plug
Tubing Encased
Conductor (TEC)
Cross Coupling Clamp

introduction-to-well-completionspdf-pdf-free.pdf

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to introduction-to-well-completionspdf-pdf-free.pdf

Similar to introduction-to-well-completionspdf-pdf-free.pdf (20)

More from mohammedsaaed1

More from mohammedsaaed1 (6)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

introduction-to-well-completionspdf-pdf-free.pdf