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INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF GLOBALIZATION
- 1. INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDYOF GLOBALIZATION
- 2. TOPICS TO DISCUSS •What is Globalization? • Brief History of Globalization • Political globalization • Economic globalization • Cultural globalization • Globaloney • Advantages and disadvantages of globalization
- 3. GlobalizationaccordingtoAke(1995) • Cultural differencesare increasing and the world economy is becoming more interconnected. • Countries are becoming more dependent on each other globally. • Nations are feeling pressure from global influences that go beyond borders. • A global mass culture is emerging, driven by widespread advertising and advancements in communication technology.
- 4. GlobalizationaccordingtoNnoli(2000) • Globalization interfaceswith various elements of social life. • It is filled with ambiguities, variations, uncertainties, and incompatibilities. • At its core, it leads to the inevitable expansion of capitalism worldwide. • This includes the spread of capitalist values.
- 5. Globalization accordingtoManfred Steger • theexpansion and intensification of social relations and consciousness across world-time and across world- space. both the creation of new social networks and the multiplication of existing connections that cut across political, economic, cultural, and geographic boundaries. expansion, stretching, and acceleration these networks. Expansion Intensification
- 6. BriefHistoryof Globalization This Photo byUnknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND Ancient Civilization • Globalization began with early trade and cultural exchanges. • Greek cultures and philosophical ideas spread into Europe, West Asia, and North Africa, laying the groundwork for the interconnectedness we see today. • Silk Road (China to Europe) - Trade route for silk, spices, and ideas like Buddhism.
- 7. BriefHistoryof Globalization Age of Exploration •The Age of Exploration was a period from the early 1400s to the 1600s when European countries began exploring the world by sea. • Laid the foundation for modern global trade, colonialism, and migration patterns. • Shifted the center of global power to Western Europe for centuries. •Shifted the center of global power to Western Europe for centuries.
- 8. BriefHistoryof Globalization Age of Revolution •The Industrial Revolution marked a significant milestone in market history, leading to mass production and a global economy. • Key Features: • Use of new energy resources like coal • Adoption of steam engines • Invention of machines • Emergence of the factory system • Increased application of science to industry
- 9. PoliticalGlobalization • The processthrough which political decisions and actions are becoming increasingly international. • Examples: • International organizations like the United Nations (UN) and World Trade Organization (WTO) influencing global policies. • Global treaties and agreements, such as the Paris Agreement on climate change. • Rising influence of transnational advocacy networks and non-governmental organizations (NGOs).
- 10. EconomicGlobalization • The growingeconomic interdependence of countries through the increasing volume and variety of cross- border transactions in goods, services, capital, and technology, as well as the integration of global production networks and financial markets. • Examples: • Companies like McDonald's and Nike operate in many countries, producing and selling their products worldwide. • Products like smartphones are made from parts produced in different countries and assembled in another, showing how countries work together to create a single product.
- 11. CulturalGlobalization • The transmissionof ideas, meanings, and values around the world, leading to shared norms and knowledge. • Examples: • Spread of cultural products like movies, music, and fashion through media and the internet. • Global influence of social media platforms and the exchange of cultural practices and traditions. • Increased cultural exchanges through travel, tourism, and migration.
- 12. Globaloney • "Globaloney" isa slang term that expresses doubt or criticism towards globalization-related claims, policies, or ideas. It suggests that these claims might be exaggerated, misleading, or lacking in real substance. Example: • "Globalization will completely eliminate poverty and create equal opportunities for everyone around the world.“ • "Globalization ensures that all countries will benefit equally from free trade agreements.“ • "Globalization will lead to the preservation of all cultural identities and traditions."
- 13. Advantagesof Globalization • Increased tradeand investment can lead to higher economic growth rates, creating job opportunities and improving living standards. • Businesses can expand their markets beyond national borders, reaching a larger customer base and increasing sales. • Globalization promotes the exchange of ideas, values, and traditions, leading to greater cultural understanding and appreciation. • The spread of technology and innovation accelerates, benefiting various industries and improving quality of life. • Advancements in communication technology make it easier for people to connect and collaborate across the globe.
- 14. Disadvantagesof Globalization • Globalization canexacerbate economic disparities between rich and poor countries, as well as within nations. • The dominance of certain cultures can lead to the erosion of local traditions and cultural identities. • Workers in developing countries may face poor working conditions and low wages as businesses seek to minimize costs. • Increased industrial activity and transportation contribute to environmental degradation and climate change. • Countries can become overly reliant on global markets, making them vulnerable to international economic fluctuations and crises.
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