How the Internet and Intranet works.

1. INTERNET AND INTRANETS
Introduction
to
JOHN BABATUNDE LEE

2. In this session our learning objectives are
Internet and Intranets
* Internet and Intranets
* Connection Methods
- Hardware
- Software
- Connections
* Browsers
* Information and opportunities Internet and Intranets offer
* Internet Security Risks
* Laws and Guidelines that affect the use of IT.

3. The Internet
Internet and Intranets
The Internet is ?
A worldwide interconnection of computers and networks that
use the protocol IP.
It allows for WWW, FTP, VoIP, Gaming, Filesharing, video,
email.

4. Uses for the internet
Internet and Intranets
- WWW or HTTP Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
- Email – Outlook, Yahoo, Googlemail
- FTP File Transfer Protocol
- Gaming
- Video On Demand
- Voice Over IP – Telephone Services
- File Sharing

5. INTRANETS
Internet and Intranets
What is an intranet ?
It is an internal website that is setup internally for companies and can
be accessed by employees for the purpose of standard documents or
information and many items of information and data.
INTERNAL WEBSITE WITHIN A COMPANY ACCESSED BY EMPLOYEES

6. Connection to the internet - Hardware
Internet and Intranets
What do we need to connect to the internet ?
• Computer or smart phone
• Network hub if part of a network
• A wireless enabled Router if using WiFi
• ADSL or cable modem
• An Internet Service Provider

7. MODEM
Internet and Intranets
MODulator-DEModulator
Converts digital 1’s and 0’s Into analogue waves.
Allows computers to talk over phone lines.
It connects directly to the communications line.
It is always the first device connected to the
communications line.

8. Internet and Intranets
MODEM
FM Frequency Modulation
AM Amplitude Modulation
Modulate a carrier signal into 1’s
and 0’s.
FM How Often
AM Loudness/Amplification

9. ROUTER
Internet and Intranets
A router is a device that has an IP address.
Computers can then connect to it using this
address. It then forward links onto another
communications device that can access the
internet.

10. SWITCH
Internet and Intranets
A switch is used to connect
different network segments.
A network segment is a set
of computers all connected
together.
Like an intelligent hub.

11. A Network HUB
Internet and Intranets
A device that connects computers together and
can link them all on to another device.

12. HARDWARE
Internet and Intranets
Order of devices
A modem is always first. It is the connection to the telephone or data
communications line.
Routers, hubs and switches can be plugged into each other in any
direction. But usually in the order of Router, Switch, Hub.

13. Telephone or Data Communications Lines
Internet and Intranets
To connect to the internet you need a link to it.
This link can be
BROADBAND
ADSL or DSL
DIAL UP
ISDN

14. Types of Line
Internet and Intranets
BROADBAND – Handles a broad band of frequencies (TV, Voice, Data)
DSL is Digital subscribers line (Voice and data)
DIAL-UP is maximum of 56k (Data)
ISDN is Integrated Services Digital Network (Voice, Data, Video)

15. Other ways to connect to the internet (HARDWARE)
Internet and Intranets
What is there ?
• Smart phone using 3G or 4g
• USB ADSL dongle that connects to a service provider network

16. ISP – Internet Service Providers
Internet and Intranets
What are they ?
Who are they ?
What do they do ?
An ISP sells Internet access to companies and
individuals.
It provides web servers which connect to the
Internet.
An ISP will provide it’s customers with a wide range
of services…
Cable Television/Telephone services
Bandwidth options.
Email service.
Web Hosting.
Online and Telephone assistance.

17. Software On The Internet
Internet and Intranets
What software can you think of do you use to access services on the internet ?
BROWSERS
EMAIL
Lime Wire –
File Sharing
SKYPE
GAMING
FTP – File
Transfer
Protocol IMS
OUTLOOK
FIREWALL

18. STOP
Complete questionnaire 1.1

19. BROWSERS
Internet and Intranets
Browsers – These allow you to utilise HTTP
and HTTPS to view the WorldWideWeb.
What browsers are there ?
Internet Explorer
Mozilla Firefox
Netscape Navigator
Opera

20. FTP
Internet and Intranets
File Transfer Protocol is used to access websites via a different
door to download files.

21. EMAIL
Internet and Intranets
Software that composes, sends and receives email

22. SKYPE
Internet and Intranets
• Telephone calls can be made over the internet using
VOIP
• VOIP is ‘Voice Over Internet Protocol’
• A popular service that does this is SKYPE
• This also includes video calls if a web cam is available.

23. GAMING
Internet and Intranets
Accessing games

24. FILESHARING
Internet and Intranets
• It is possible to share files over the internet
• DropBox is a popular service where files can be uploaded
to let others download them

25. BROWSER FACILITIES OR FUNCTIONS
Internet and Intranets
What facilities do browsers have available to use ?

26. Types of Line
Internet and Intranets
Browsers

27. BROWSER FACILITIES
Internet and Intranets
Navigation, forward and back.
Home
Tabbed browsing
Stop
Refresh
WWW Address bar
Print
Favourites
Windows Search
Access to Search Engines and
Webpages
HyperLinks – HyperText
Browser History

28. RECAP
Internet and Intranets
In this session we have learnt about
Internet and its uses
Intranets
Connection hardware – Modems Switches Routers Hubs
Connection Lines – ADSL DSL ISDN DIAL-UP
Other hardware methods of connecting Dongles PDAs
ISP – Internet Service Providers
Software used to access the services on the internet Email Browsers FTP

29. STOP
Complete questionnaire 1.2

30. Internet Security Risks ?
Internet and Intranets
What risks are there in using the internet
Downloading
Entering Personal Details
Online Banking
Buying Items Off The Internet
Sending Emails
Uploading Files

31. RISKS !!!
Internet and Intranets
Viruses, attack, hacking,
identity theft, fraud, getting
passwords, stealing bank
details, intercepting emails,
theft of data, posting
unwanted videos, posting
unwanted text………..

32. RISK PREVENTION
Internet and Intranets
What do you need to do to minimise some or all of the risk when
accessing the internet ?
FIREWALL
VIRUS SCANNER
INSTALL ADWARE AND MALWARE SCANNERS
BE AWARE OF EMAIL SCAMS
BE CAREFUL WHEN USING PAYMENT SITES
BE CAREFUL DOWNLOADING AND UPLOADING
USE COMPLEX PASSWORDS

33. RECAP
Internet and Intranets
In this session we have learnt about
Internet Security Risks
Attack, Viruses, Hacking, Fraud, Theft, Email scams
What Do These Risks Involve
Viruses can scan your machine and delete your data or your passwords.
Email scams can steal your personal details
Risk prevention
Firewalls Virus scanners Malware Adware Be aware of what sites you visit
and the files you download.

34. STOP
Complete questionnaire 1.4

35. LAWS AND GUIDELINES ON THE USE OF IT
Internet and Intranets
It is going to be your task to find out what laws and guidelines
there are to using IT.
You will need to produce worksheets outlining the main headings of
guidelines and laws that exist for the day to day use of computers
and IT.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/guidelines/editorialguidelines/onguide/thelaw/lawontheinterne.shtml

36. 3 Major Headings For ICT and The Law
Internet and Intranets
Data Protection Act (1998)
Computer Misuse Act (1990)
Copyright, Design and Patents Act (1988)

37. Some Things To Be Aware Of
Internet and Intranets
Copyright
Protecion of Use of Information
Sharing Information
Obscene Publications
Internet Privacy
Data Privacy
CD’s DVD’s Films Filesharing
Fraud
Posting Unwanted files and
photos
CCTV
Fraudulent Use of Data
Access to your data
Hacking and Accessing
Information
Planting viruses and Malware
Deleting Files
Blackmail

38. STOP
Complete questionnaire 1.5
Laws and Guidelines

39. Health and Safety
When Using ICT
Internet and Intranets
There are rules and guidelines that govern
your health and safety when using ICT.

40. Internet and Intranets

41. STOP
Complete questionnaire 1.5
Health and Safety

42. Information and Opportunities Available Using the Internet.
Internet and Intranets
Email FTP HTTP HTML
Job Searches research MP3 Video Telephone
Downloads Software Games Images

43. STOP!
HOW CAN YOU USED INTERNET
AND INTRANETS TO ADVANCE
YOUR BUSINESS?

44. THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND
ATTENTION !