introduction to internal control in a financial statement audit
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describe 5 factors that can affect the effective implementation of int.docx
describe 5 factors that can affect the effective implementation of internal IT audit control
Solution
Internal IT audit control :
The role of internal audit is to provide independent assurance that an organisation\'s risk management, governance and internal control processes are operating effectively.
Improvement is fundamental to the purpose of internal auditing. But it is done by advising, coaching and facilitating in order to not undermine the responsibility of management.
Effective internal control over financial reporting provides reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes. If one or more material weakness es exist, the company\'s internal control over financial reporting cannot be considered effective.
Factors affecting internal audit and controls :
Factors that affect the risk associated with a control include -
1.The nature and materiality of misstatements that the control is intended to prevent or detect;
2.The inherent risk associated with the related account(s) and assertion(s);
3.Whether there have been changes in the volume or nature of transactions that might adversely affect control design or operating effectiveness;
4.Whether the account has a history of errors;
5.The effectiveness of entity-level controls, especially controls that monitor other controls;
6.The nature of the control and the frequency with which it operates;
7.The degree to which the control relies on the effectiveness of other controls .
8.Whether the control relies on performance by an individual or is automated control would generally be expected to be lower risk if relevant information technology general controls are effective.The complexity of the control and the significance of the judgments that must be made in connection with its operation.
9.The size of the internal audit department was measured by the number of internal auditors employed within it.
Management support for internal audit was measured by a number of indicators, these being: involvement in the internal audit plan, providing management with reports about the work the internal audit team performs, the management’s response to internal audit reports, the resources of the internal audit department.
The independence of the internal audit department was measured by nine items, these being: the level of independence, reporting level, direct contact to the board and senior management, conflict of interest, interference, unrestricted access to all departments and employees, appointment and removal of the head of internal audit, and performing non-audit activity.
.
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The document provides information about Spire Advisors Pvt Ltd, a risk management firm. It discusses Spire's risk management solutions which include risk-based internal audits, compliance audits, internal financial controls, IT audits, and standard operating procedures. It then goes into further detail about Spire's approach to risk-based internal audits, compliance audits, and internal financial controls. The document emphasizes the importance of these risk management processes and Spire's role in providing professional services around them.
Audit of Internal Financial Control over Financial Reporting (IFCR) A complet...
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The Companies Act, 2013 has introduced some new requirements relating to audits and reporting by the statutory auditors of companies.
One of these requirements is given under Section 143(3)(i) of the Act which requires the statutory auditor to state in his audit report whether the company has adequate internal financial controls system in place and the operating effectiveness of such controls.
The section has cast onerous responsibilities on the statutory auditors because reporting on internal financial controls is not covered under the Standards on Auditing issued by the ICAI.
Since the concept of reporting on internal financial controls is still new in India this new reporting requirement has thrown up many challenges for the members.
To help the members properly understand and perform the various aspects of this reporting responsibility, the Auditing and Assurance Standards Board of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India has brought out this Guidance Note on Audit of Internal Financial Controls Over Financial Reporting.
The Guidance Note covers aspects such as Scope of reporting on internal financial controls under Companies Act 2013, essential components of internal controls, Technical guidance on the audit of Internal Financial Controls, Implementation guidance on the audit of Internal Financial Controls.
I have presented the above guidance note into a presentation that will have a complete guide for those who are planning to go for Audit of Internal financial control over financial reporting. this presentation will cover all the relevant aspects and also provide the standard operation process for the efficient conduct of the IFCR Audit. You don't need to read the complete Guidance note.
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The document discusses audit planning and risk assessment. It covers several key areas:
1. The importance of audit planning to obtain sufficient evidence, keep costs reasonable, and avoid misunderstandings. Planning involves understanding the client, assessing risks, and developing an audit program.
2. Risk assessment is a key part of planning and affects the scope and focus of the audit. The auditor assesses risks at the financial statement and assertion levels.
3. Understanding the entity's accounting systems and internal controls is essential to assess control risks and determine the appropriate audit approach. Analytical procedures and risk factors are also considered during planning.
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The document discusses the three main types of internal controls: preventive, detective, and corrective controls. It provides examples for each type and explains the key differences between detective and corrective controls. The document also discusses some limitations of internal controls, noting that they can only provide reasonable assurance and not absolute guarantees due to factors like human judgment errors. It identifies the five main components of an effective internal control system according to international standards.
Chapter 6
This document outlines the key steps and considerations for conducting an integrated audit with a top-down, risk-based approach. It discusses:
1) Implementing a top-down, risk-based approach to identify significant accounts and risks of misstatement.
2) The need to document the audit process and rely on effective internal controls to reduce substantive testing.
3) The elements of an unqualified internal control report and how an adverse report is issued for material weaknesses.
4) The challenge of finding the most cost-effective way to obtain evidence and render opinions on financial statements and internal control effectiveness.
Recommended
describe 5 factors that can affect the effective implementation of int.docx
describe 5 factors that can affect the effective implementation of internal IT audit control
Solution
Internal IT audit control :
The role of internal audit is to provide independent assurance that an organisation\'s risk management, governance and internal control processes are operating effectively.
Improvement is fundamental to the purpose of internal auditing. But it is done by advising, coaching and facilitating in order to not undermine the responsibility of management.
Effective internal control over financial reporting provides reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes. If one or more material weakness es exist, the company\'s internal control over financial reporting cannot be considered effective.
Factors affecting internal audit and controls :
Factors that affect the risk associated with a control include -
1.The nature and materiality of misstatements that the control is intended to prevent or detect;
2.The inherent risk associated with the related account(s) and assertion(s);
3.Whether there have been changes in the volume or nature of transactions that might adversely affect control design or operating effectiveness;
4.Whether the account has a history of errors;
5.The effectiveness of entity-level controls, especially controls that monitor other controls;
6.The nature of the control and the frequency with which it operates;
7.The degree to which the control relies on the effectiveness of other controls .
8.Whether the control relies on performance by an individual or is automated control would generally be expected to be lower risk if relevant information technology general controls are effective.The complexity of the control and the significance of the judgments that must be made in connection with its operation.
9.The size of the internal audit department was measured by the number of internal auditors employed within it.
Management support for internal audit was measured by a number of indicators, these being: involvement in the internal audit plan, providing management with reports about the work the internal audit team performs, the management’s response to internal audit reports, the resources of the internal audit department.
The independence of the internal audit department was measured by nine items, these being: the level of independence, reporting level, direct contact to the board and senior management, conflict of interest, interference, unrestricted access to all departments and employees, appointment and removal of the head of internal audit, and performing non-audit activity.
.
Spire Brief - Risk Consulting
The document provides information about Spire Advisors Pvt Ltd, a risk management firm. It discusses Spire's risk management solutions which include risk-based internal audits, compliance audits, internal financial controls, IT audits, and standard operating procedures. It then goes into further detail about Spire's approach to risk-based internal audits, compliance audits, and internal financial controls. The document emphasizes the importance of these risk management processes and Spire's role in providing professional services around them.
Audit of Internal Financial Control over Financial Reporting (IFCR) A complet...
Introduction to the Presentation on internal financial control over financial reporting_a complete guide
The Companies Act, 2013 has introduced some new requirements relating to audits and reporting by the statutory auditors of companies.
One of these requirements is given under Section 143(3)(i) of the Act which requires the statutory auditor to state in his audit report whether the company has adequate internal financial controls system in place and the operating effectiveness of such controls.
The section has cast onerous responsibilities on the statutory auditors because reporting on internal financial controls is not covered under the Standards on Auditing issued by the ICAI.
Since the concept of reporting on internal financial controls is still new in India this new reporting requirement has thrown up many challenges for the members.
To help the members properly understand and perform the various aspects of this reporting responsibility, the Auditing and Assurance Standards Board of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India has brought out this Guidance Note on Audit of Internal Financial Controls Over Financial Reporting.
The Guidance Note covers aspects such as Scope of reporting on internal financial controls under Companies Act 2013, essential components of internal controls, Technical guidance on the audit of Internal Financial Controls, Implementation guidance on the audit of Internal Financial Controls.
I have presented the above guidance note into a presentation that will have a complete guide for those who are planning to go for Audit of Internal financial control over financial reporting. this presentation will cover all the relevant aspects and also provide the standard operation process for the efficient conduct of the IFCR Audit. You don't need to read the complete Guidance note.
Understanding of entity and inherent risk assessment (including case studies)
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This document provides an overview of understanding entity and inherent risk assessment in auditing based on 10 learning objectives. It covers risk-based audit approach, audit risk model, risk assessment procedures, inherent risk assessment and classification, and response to risks. Key points include defining inherent risk, control risk, risk of material misstatement, and detection risk. It also discusses obtaining an understanding of the entity, levels of risk, and overall responses to address risks at the financial statement level such as adequate planning, supervision, unpredictability in audit procedures, and changes to audit procedures.audit planning and risk assessment new slides.ppt
The document discusses audit planning and risk assessment. It covers several key areas:
1. The importance of audit planning to obtain sufficient evidence, keep costs reasonable, and avoid misunderstandings. Planning involves understanding the client, assessing risks, and developing an audit program.
2. Risk assessment is a key part of planning and affects the scope and focus of the audit. The auditor assesses risks at the financial statement and assertion levels.
3. Understanding the entity's accounting systems and internal controls is essential to assess control risks and determine the appropriate audit approach. Analytical procedures and risk factors are also considered during planning.
Brent Clark, Pugh CPAs: Effective Internal Controls
This presentation outlines the importance of effective internal controls as they relate to employee benefit audits.
www.pughcpas.com
topic 3 internal controls..audit.pptx
The document discusses the three main types of internal controls: preventive, detective, and corrective controls. It provides examples for each type and explains the key differences between detective and corrective controls. The document also discusses some limitations of internal controls, noting that they can only provide reasonable assurance and not absolute guarantees due to factors like human judgment errors. It identifies the five main components of an effective internal control system according to international standards.
Chapter 6
This document outlines the key steps and considerations for conducting an integrated audit with a top-down, risk-based approach. It discusses:
1) Implementing a top-down, risk-based approach to identify significant accounts and risks of misstatement.
2) The need to document the audit process and rely on effective internal controls to reduce substantive testing.
3) The elements of an unqualified internal control report and how an adverse report is issued for material weaknesses.
4) The challenge of finding the most cost-effective way to obtain evidence and render opinions on financial statements and internal control effectiveness.
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Good Corporate governance is a key factor in ensuring sound financial reporting and deterring misappropriations of capital and resources. Internal control and corporate governance go hand in hand. Many SME
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A SOC 2 (Service Organization Control 2) audit is a type of audit that evaluates a company's controls related to security, availability, processing integrity, confidentiality, and privacy. It is an important process for companies that handle sensitive customer data or provide services to other companies that require trust and assurance in their security controls. Here are five common mistakes to avoid before starting a SOC 2 audit:
Not understanding the scope of the audit: Before starting a SOC 2 audit, it's essential to understand the scope of the audit. The audit scope should include all the systems, processes, and data that are within the scope of the SOC 2 report. If you overlook any systems or processes, you may miss critical security controls that could put your company at risk.
Failing to document policies and procedures: Documentation of policies and procedures is critical for SOC 2 compliance. If you don't document your policies and procedures, you may not be able to prove that you have controls in place to protect sensitive customer data. It's important to document policies and procedures related to access controls, change management, incident response, and other critical areas.
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Not conducting a risk assessment: Before starting a SOC 2 audit, it's essential to conduct a risk assessment to identify potential security risks. The risk assessment should identify potential threats to your systems and data and the likelihood of those threats occurring. This information is critical for developing adequate security controls to protect your customer data.
Assuming compliance is a one-time event: SOC 2 compliance is an ongoing process, not a one-time event. You need to ensure that your security controls are regularly tested and updated to reflect changes in your business environment. Failure to maintain adequate security controls can result in a security breach and non-compliance with SOC 2 regulations.
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The auditor must understand the risks that could affect the client's operations and financial reporting, and how well management identifies and addresses these risks. There are four main types of risks: business, financial reporting, engagement, and audit risk. The auditor considers factors like the client's industry, management integrity, controls, and financial health when deciding whether to accept or continue an audit engagement. Materiality and risk assessments are also important concepts for planning and performing the audit.
p13 29. The auditor should evaluate whether analytical procedure.pdf
p13
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in the overall review stage indicate a previously unrecognized risk of material misstatement due
to fraud: A. If not already performed, the auditor should perform analytical procedures on
revenue at the overall review stage of the audit; unusual relationships include: (1) Large amounts
of income recorded in the last week or two of the year. (2) Income inconsistent with trends in
cash flows from operations. Other examples of unusual or unexpected analytical relationships
and possible causes 30. The auditor should evaluate risks of material misstatement due to fraud
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the result of fraud, but the effects are not material to the financial statements, the auditor should
evaluate the implications. Examples of immaterial frauds include: A. A misappropriation of cash
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transactions, and the assessment of the effectiveness of controls. 33. If the auditor believes the
misstatements may be the result of fraud and has determined it could be material to the financial
statements, but has been unable to evaluate whether the effect is material, the auditor should: A.
Attempt to obtain audit evidence to determine whether fraud has occurred and its effect.
Fraud (previously referred to as irregularities) -Intentional misstatements or omissions of
amounts or disclosures in financial statements. Audits are concerned with misstatements arising
from two distinct types of acts: Fraudulent Financial Reporting - Intentional misstatements in
financial statements to deceive financial statement users. Misappropriation of assets (also
referred to as "defalcations")-Theft of company's assets the effect of which has not been
appropriately reflected in the financial statements. PROFESSIONAL SKEPTICISM
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skepticism is paramount. In many audit failures involving fraud, inadequate professional
skepticism is frequently cited as a significant reason why the material misstatement was not
detected by the auditor. 5. The third general standard of the generally accepted auditing standards
is: Due professional care is to be exercised in the planning and performance of the audit and the
preparation of the report. 6. In discussing due professional care, the standards state that: A. Due
professional care requires the auditor to exercise professional skepticism. Professional
skepticism is an attitude that includes a questioning mind and a critical assessment of audit
ev.
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- Distinguishing between a significant deficiency and material weakness in controls
- Testing controls in an integrated audit of a public company vs non-public company audit
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The document contains review questions about an auditor's responsibilities regarding internal controls, including:
- Obtaining an understanding of internal controls for public vs non-public companies
- Evaluating an auditor's approach to understanding controls halfway through an audit
- Distinguishing between a significant deficiency and material weakness in controls
- Testing controls in an integrated audit of a public company vs non-public company audit
- Relying on prior year control tests
- Considering existing controls when identifying significant risks
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Internal controls maturity and SME corporate governanance
Good Corporate governance is a key factor in ensuring sound financial reporting and deterring misappropriations of capital and resources. Internal control and corporate governance go hand in hand. Many SME
have an ambitious goal of reaching a
reliable, continuous and integrated internal
control state. However, many SME’s are
still grappling to build a comprehensive
control process. In this paper, we present an
internal maturity framework that SME can use to benchmark and know how they can discourage frauds, improve compliance and adoption of standards.
Avoid 5 Common Mistakes Before Starting a SOC 2 Audit
A SOC 2 (Service Organization Control 2) audit is a type of audit that evaluates a company's controls related to security, availability, processing integrity, confidentiality, and privacy. It is an important process for companies that handle sensitive customer data or provide services to other companies that require trust and assurance in their security controls. Here are five common mistakes to avoid before starting a SOC 2 audit:
Not understanding the scope of the audit: Before starting a SOC 2 audit, it's essential to understand the scope of the audit. The audit scope should include all the systems, processes, and data that are within the scope of the SOC 2 report. If you overlook any systems or processes, you may miss critical security controls that could put your company at risk.
Failing to document policies and procedures: Documentation of policies and procedures is critical for SOC 2 compliance. If you don't document your policies and procedures, you may not be able to prove that you have controls in place to protect sensitive customer data. It's important to document policies and procedures related to access controls, change management, incident response, and other critical areas.
Ignoring vendor management: If your company uses third-party vendors, you need to include them in your SOC 2 audit. Failing to include vendors in your audit scope can result in incomplete security controls, which could lead to a security breach. It's important to ensure that your vendors also have adequate security controls in place to protect your customer data.
Not conducting a risk assessment: Before starting a SOC 2 audit, it's essential to conduct a risk assessment to identify potential security risks. The risk assessment should identify potential threats to your systems and data and the likelihood of those threats occurring. This information is critical for developing adequate security controls to protect your customer data.
Assuming compliance is a one-time event: SOC 2 compliance is an ongoing process, not a one-time event. You need to ensure that your security controls are regularly tested and updated to reflect changes in your business environment. Failure to maintain adequate security controls can result in a security breach and non-compliance with SOC 2 regulations.
In summary, avoiding these common mistakes can help your company prepare for a successful SOC 2 audit. Understanding the audit scope, documenting policies and procedures, including vendors, conducting a risk assessment, and maintaining ongoing compliance can help ensure the security of your customer data and protect your company's reputation.
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The auditor must understand the risks that could affect the client's operations and financial reporting, and how well management identifies and addresses these risks. There are four main types of risks: business, financial reporting, engagement, and audit risk. The auditor considers factors like the client's industry, management integrity, controls, and financial health when deciding whether to accept or continue an audit engagement. Materiality and risk assessments are also important concepts for planning and performing the audit.
p13 29. The auditor should evaluate whether analytical procedure.pdf
p13
29. The auditor should evaluate whether analytical procedures performed as substantive tests or
in the overall review stage indicate a previously unrecognized risk of material misstatement due
to fraud: A. If not already performed, the auditor should perform analytical procedures on
revenue at the overall review stage of the audit; unusual relationships include: (1) Large amounts
of income recorded in the last week or two of the year. (2) Income inconsistent with trends in
cash flows from operations. Other examples of unusual or unexpected analytical relationships
and possible causes 30. The auditor should evaluate risks of material misstatement due to fraud
at or near completion of fieldwork. 31. When misstatements are identified, the auditor should
consider whether such misstatements may indicate fraud. 32. When misstatements are or may be
the result of fraud, but the effects are not material to the financial statements, the auditor should
evaluate the implications. Examples of immaterial frauds include: A. A misappropriation of cash
from a small petty cash fund normally would have little significance. B. A misappropriation
involving management may be indicative of a more pervasive problem and may require the
auditor to consider the impact on the nature, timing, and extent of tests of balances or
transactions, and the assessment of the effectiveness of controls. 33. If the auditor believes the
misstatements may be the result of fraud and has determined it could be material to the financial
statements, but has been unable to evaluate whether the effect is material, the auditor should: A.
Attempt to obtain audit evidence to determine whether fraud has occurred and its effect.
Fraud (previously referred to as irregularities) -Intentional misstatements or omissions of
amounts or disclosures in financial statements. Audits are concerned with misstatements arising
from two distinct types of acts: Fraudulent Financial Reporting - Intentional misstatements in
financial statements to deceive financial statement users. Misappropriation of assets (also
referred to as "defalcations")-Theft of company's assets the effect of which has not been
appropriately reflected in the financial statements. PROFESSIONAL SKEPTICISM
BACKGROUND INFORMATION (AU 230) 4. In every audit, the exercise of professional
skepticism is paramount. In many audit failures involving fraud, inadequate professional
skepticism is frequently cited as a significant reason why the material misstatement was not
detected by the auditor. 5. The third general standard of the generally accepted auditing standards
is: Due professional care is to be exercised in the planning and performance of the audit and the
preparation of the report. 6. In discussing due professional care, the standards state that: A. Due
professional care requires the auditor to exercise professional skepticism. Professional
skepticism is an attitude that includes a questioning mind and a critical assessment of audit
ev.
Audit planning and risk assessment
This document discusses audit planning tools used to guide audit work including preliminary risk assessment, materiality decisions, analytical procedures, and audit programs. It explains the audit risk model and how inherent risk, control risk, and detection risk contribute to overall audit risk. The document also covers preliminary assessment of materiality, analytical procedures used in audit planning, developing audit programs, evaluating internal controls, assessing control risk, and substantive testing procedures like confirmations and examining bank reconciliations.
Chapter 11, Tests of Controls
This document provides an overview of tests of controls for auditing purposes. It discusses assessing control risk, the purpose and nature of tests of controls, and how the work of internal auditing may be used. The document outlines the process of assessing control risk and communicating conclusions. It describes types of controls expected in IT environments and lists alternative computer-assisted audit techniques.
Describe how the nature of evidence used to evaluate the.docx
The document contains review questions about an auditor's responsibilities regarding internal controls, including:
- Obtaining an understanding of internal controls for public vs non-public companies
- Evaluating an auditor's approach to understanding controls halfway through an audit
- Distinguishing between a significant deficiency and material weakness in controls
- Testing controls in an integrated audit of a public company vs non-public company audit
- Relying on prior year control tests
- Considering existing controls when identifying significant risks
- Impact of outsourcing accounting systems to a third party
Describe how the nature of evidence used to evaluate the.docx
The document contains review questions about an auditor's responsibilities regarding internal controls, including:
- Obtaining an understanding of internal controls for public vs non-public companies
- Evaluating an auditor's approach to understanding controls halfway through an audit
- Distinguishing between a significant deficiency and material weakness in controls
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Auditing Principles2
Auditing Principles 2, audit risk, control risk, detection risk, inherent risk, risk of material misstatement, audit plan, risk assessment, information risk, substantive procedures, audit evidence, client acceptance, engagement letter, audit plan, internal auditors, time budget, audit procedures, Auditing Principles 2, audit risk, control risk, detection risk, inherent risk, risk of material misstatement, audit plan, risk assessment, information risk, substantive procedures, audit evidence, client acceptance, engagement letter, audit plan, internal auditors, time budget, audit procedures, substantive, audit plan, vouching, tracing, scanning, tangible assets, observation, inquire, confirmation, recalculation, JoseCintron, Advance Business Consulting, mba4help.comsubstantive, audit plan, vouching, tracing, scanning, tangible assets, observation, inquire, confirmation, recalculation, JoseCintron.com, Advance Business Consulting, mba4help.com
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3、不清楚流程以及材料该如何准备帝国理工大学帝国理工大学毕业证学历书；
4、回国时间很长，忘记办理；
5、回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
6、企事业单位必须要求办理的；
面向美国乔治城大学毕业留学生提供以下服务:
【★帝国理工大学帝国理工大学毕业证学历书毕业证、成绩单等全套材料，从防伪到印刷，从水印到钢印烫金，与学校100%相同】
【★真实使馆认证（留学人员回国证明），使馆存档可通过大使馆查询确认】
【★真实教育部认证，教育部存档，教育部留服网站可查】
【★真实留信认证，留信网入库存档，可查帝国理工大学帝国理工大学毕业证学历书】
我们从事工作十余年的有着丰富经验的业务顾问，熟悉海外各国大学的学制及教育体系，并且以挂科生解决毕业材料不全问题为基础，为客户量身定制1对1方案，未能毕业的回国留学生成功搭建回国顺利发展所需的桥梁。我们一直努力以高品质的教育为起点，以诚信、专业、高效、创新作为一切的行动宗旨，始终把“诚信为主、质量为本、客户第一”作为我们全部工作的出发点和归宿点。同时为海内外留学生提供大学毕业证购买、补办成绩单及各类分数修改等服务；归国认证方面，提供《留信网入库》申请、《国外学历学位认证》申请以及真实学籍办理等服务，帮助众多莘莘学子实现了一个又一个梦想。
专业服务，请勿犹豫联系我
如果您真实毕业回国，对于学历认证无从下手，请联系我，我们免费帮您递交
诚招代理：本公司诚聘当地代理人员，如果你有业余时间，或者你有同学朋友需要，有兴趣就请联系我
你赢我赢，共创双赢
你做代理，可以帮助帝国理工大学同学朋友
你做代理，可以拯救帝国理工大学失足青年
你做代理，可以挽救帝国理工大学一个个人才
你做代理，你将是别人人生帝国理工大学的转折点
你做代理，可以改变自己，改变他人，给他人和自己一个机会美景更增添一份性感夹杂着一份纯洁的妖娆毫无违和感实在给人带来一份悠然幸福的心情如果说现在的审美已经断然拒绝了无声的话那么在树林间飞掠而过的小鸟叽叽咋咋的叫声是否就是这最后的点睛之笔悠然走在林间的小路上宁静与清香一丝丝的盛夏气息吸入身体昔日生活里的繁忙与焦躁早已淡然无存心中满是悠然清淡的芳菲身体不由的轻松脚步也感到无比的轻快走出这盘栾交错的小道眼前是连绵不绝的山峦浩荡天地间大自然毫无吝啬的展现它的达
一比一原版美国新罕布什尔大学(unh)毕业证学历认证真实可查
永久可查学历认证【微信：A575476】【美国新罕布什尔大学(unh)毕业证成绩单Offer】【微信：A575476】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：A575476】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：A575476】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
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快速办理(SMU毕业证书)南卫理公会大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(SMU毕业证书)南卫理公会大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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introduction to internal control in a financial statement audit
- 1. 6-1 Chapter 6 Internal Control in a Financial Statement Audit Copyright © 2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill/Irwin
- 2. 6-2 Internal Control The auditor uses risk assessment procedures to -obtain an understanding of the entity’s internal control -identify the types of potential misstatements -ascertain factors that affect the risk of material misstatement -design tests of controls and substantive procedures The auditor’s understanding of the internal control is a major factor in determining the overall audit strategy. The auditor has a responsibility to: (1) obtain an understanding of internal control and (2) assess control risk. LO# 1
- 3. 6-3 Internal Control Reliability of Financial Reporting Effectiveness & Efficiency of Operations Compliance with Laws & Regulations Objectives LO# 2
- 4. 6-4 The Effect of Information Technology on Internal Control LO# 4
- 5. 6-5 Components of Internal Control LO# 5
- 6. 6-6 LO# 6 Planning an Audit Strategy Figure 6-3 Flowchart of the Auditor’s Consideration of Internal Control and Its Relation to Substantive Procedures
- 7. 6-7 Obtain an Understanding of Internal Control Identify types of potential misstatements Design tests of controls and substantive procedures Pinpoint the factors that affect the risk of material misstatement The auditor should obtain an understanding of each of the five components of internal control in order to plan the audit. This knowledge is used to: LO# 7
- 8. 6-8 Documenting the Understanding of Internal Control Procedure Manuals and Organizational Charts Narrative Description Internal Control Questionnaires Flowcharts LO# 8
- 9. 6-9 The Limitations of an Entity’s Internal Control Management Override of Internal Control Human Errors or Mistakes Collusion LO# 8
- 10. 6-10 Assessing Control Risk Identify specific controls that will be relied upon. Perform tests of controls. Conclude on the achieved level of control risk. LO# 9
- 11. 6-11 Interim Audit Procedures Interim Tests of Controls 1. Assertion being tested not significant 2. Control has been effective in prior audits 3. Efficient use of staff time Interim Substantive Procedures 1. Assertion probably has low control risk 2. May increase the risk of material misstatements 3. Still requires some year end testing LO# 12
- 12. 6-12 Auditing Accounting Applications Processed by Service Organizations In some instances, a client may have some or all of its accounting transactions processed by an outside service organization. Because the client’s transactions are subjected to the controls of the service organization, one of the auditor’s concerns is the internal control system in place at the service organization. It is not uncommon for service organizations to have an auditor issue one of two types of reports on their operations. LO# 13
- 13. 6-13 Communication of Internal Control- Related Matters Significant Deficiency Material Weakness A Significant deficiency is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control that is less severe than a material weakness, yet important enough to merit attention by those charged with governance. A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the financial statements will not be prevented, or detected and corrected. LO# 14
- 14. 6-14 Types of Controls in an IT Environment General Controls 1. Data center & network operations 2. System software acquisition, change, and maintenance 3. Access security 4. Application system acquisition, development, and maintenance Application Controls 1. Data capture controls 2. Data validation controls 3. Processing controls 4. Output controls 5. Error controls LO# 15
- 16. 6-16 End of Chapter 6 Copyright © 2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill/Irwin