Downloaded 13 times
![Change password
指令： passwd
用法： passwd [user]
root@:~ # passwd root
Changing local password for root
New Password:
Retype New Password:
root@:~ #](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/introductiontofreebsdcommands-131021103325-phpapp01/85/Introduction-to-FreeBSD-commands-17-320.jpg)
![Username: egg
Full name: egg
Uid (Leave empty for default ):
Login group [egg]:
Login group is egg. Invite egg into other
groups? [ ]:
Login class [default]:
Shell (sh csh tcsh nologin) [sh]: csh
Home directory [/home/egg]:
Home directory permissions (Leave empty for
default):
Use password-based authentication? [yes]:
Use an empty password? (yes/no) [no]:
Use a random password? (yes/no) [no]:
Enter password:
Enter password again:
Lock out the accout after creation? [no]:
Username
: egg
Password
: *****
..
/
Home
Group](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/introductiontofreebsdcommands-131021103325-phpapp01/85/Introduction-to-FreeBSD-commands-21-320.jpg)
![List (directory contents)
指令： ls
用法： ls [ -al ]
選項與參數
-a
全部的檔案，連同隱藏檔 ( 開頭為 . 的檔案 )
-l
列出長資料串，包含檔案屬性與權限等](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/introductiontofreebsdcommands-131021103325-phpapp01/85/Introduction-to-FreeBSD-commands-29-320.jpg)
![Read (Print) file
more
可翻頁檢視
egg@:/ % more /etc/group
# $FreeBSD: (...)
#
wheel:*:0:root
daemon:*:1:
kmem:*:2:
sys:*:3:
tty:*:4:
...
--More--(74%)
[space] 向下翻一頁
/字串
向下搜尋
"字串"
這個關鍵字
q
離開](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/introductiontofreebsdcommands-131021103325-phpapp01/85/Introduction-to-FreeBSD-commands-39-320.jpg)
![Edit (New) file
指令： vi
用法： vi [filename]
egg@:/ % cd ~
egg@:~ % vi test
~
~
~
~](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/introductiontofreebsdcommands-131021103325-phpapp01/85/Introduction-to-FreeBSD-commands-40-320.jpg)
![Edit (New) file
vi
文書處理軟體
i
編輯模式
一般模式
[Esc]
:
指令列模式](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/introductiontofreebsdcommands-131021103325-phpapp01/85/Introduction-to-FreeBSD-commands-41-320.jpg)
![Edit (New) file
vi
文書處理軟體
[Esc]
進入一般模式
← ↓ ↑ →
h
j
k
l
d 刪除
d3l 向右刪除3個字元
dd 刪除一整列
yy 複製一列
p 貼上](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/introductiontofreebsdcommands-131021103325-phpapp01/85/Introduction-to-FreeBSD-commands-43-320.jpg)
![Edit (New) file
vi
:
文書處理軟體
進入指令列模式
:w 將資料寫入檔案
:q
離開 vi
:q! 已修改檔案，但不想儲存，強制離開
:w [filename]
將資料儲存成另一個檔案，
檔名為 "filename"](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/introductiontofreebsdcommands-131021103325-phpapp01/85/Introduction-to-FreeBSD-commands-44-320.jpg)
![Change file owner
指令： chown
用法： chown (O) [: G] (filename)
root@:/tmp # chown egg about
root@:/tmp # ls -l
total 4
-rwxr--r--
1 egg
wheel
9 Oct 21 13:55 about
root@:/tmp # chown egg:egg about
root@:/tmp # ls -l
total 4
-rwxr--r--
1 egg
egg
9 Oct 21 13:55 about](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/introductiontofreebsdcommands-131021103325-phpapp01/85/Introduction-to-FreeBSD-commands-50-320.jpg)
![Display manual pages
指令： man
用法： man (command)
root@:/ # man ls
Name
ls -- list directory contents
SYNOPSIS
ls [-A...]
...](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/introductiontofreebsdcommands-131021103325-phpapp01/85/Introduction-to-FreeBSD-commands-57-320.jpg)
![Close down the system
指令： shutdown
用法： shutdown [-p] time
選項與參數
-p halt, power off
root@:/ # shutdown –p now](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/introductiontofreebsdcommands-131021103325-phpapp01/85/Introduction-to-FreeBSD-commands-59-320.jpg)
Uploaded by郁凱 黃
Introduction to FreeBSD commands
该文档介绍了FreeBSD命令的基本使用，包括用户管理、文件访问、命令行基本操作和网络命令。内容涵盖如何添加用户、修改密码、文件权限管理、查看目录内容等。文档还讲解了系统管理命令，如shutdown和man，适合初学者学习FreeBSD操作系统。
Introduction to FreeBSD commands
- 1. Intro. to FreeBSD commands 2013NCU CSIE INFO CLUB & SNMG © Author : Egg
- 2.
- 3. Outline 1．Unix (-Like), Linux? - FreeBSD 2．Commands - User - Owner & Group - File access - Network
- 4.
- 5. Unix (-Like), Linux? Unix Unix-Like Linux
- 6. 總之 Unix --> BSD--> FreeBSD --> Linux ( Unix-Like )
- 7.
- 8.
- 9. Feature 1. Free - OpenSource 2. Stable - Ports 3. Multi-User - Permission Image from : http://blog.secaserver.com 4. No desktop (default) - Terminal
- 10.
- 11.
- 12.
- 13.
- 14.
- 15. User name (default: root) password Relate . Login Exit Adduser Change password
- 16. Login login: root Password: root@:~ # Exit root@:~# exit login:
- 17. Change password 指令： passwd 用法：passwd [user] root@:~ # passwd root Changing local password for root New Password: Retype New Password: root@:~ #
- 18.
- 19.
- 20. Add new user 指令：adduser 用法： adduser root@:~ # adduser
- 21. Username: egg Full name:egg Uid (Leave empty for default ): Login group [egg]: Login group is egg. Invite egg into other groups? [ ]: Login class [default]: Shell (sh csh tcsh nologin) [sh]: csh Home directory [/home/egg]: Home directory permissions (Leave empty for default): Use password-based authentication? [yes]: Use an empty password? (yes/no) [no]: Use a random password? (yes/no) [no]: Enter password: Enter password again: Lock out the accout after creation? [no]: Username : egg Password : ***** .. / Home Group
- 22. Task 1 更新 root的密碼 passwd 創立一個新的使用者並登入 useradd, exit
- 23. root@ : ~# 使用者名稱 : root 當前目錄位置 :~
- 24.
- 25.
- 26.
- 27.
- 28. Change Directory 指令： cd 用法：cd 目錄路徑 egg@:~ % cd . egg@:~ % egg@:~ % cd .. 目錄路徑 . 當前目錄 .. 上層目錄 /var var 目錄的絕對路徑 egg@:/home % egg@:/home % cd /var egg@:/var %
- 29. List (directory contents) 指令：ls 用法： ls [ -al ] 選項與參數 -a 全部的檔案，連同隱藏檔 ( 開頭為 . 的檔案 ) -l 列出長資料串，包含檔案屬性與權限等
- 30. egg@:/var % cd/ egg@:/ % ls COPYRIGHT bin boot dev entropy etc home lib libexec media mnt proc rescue root sbin sys tmp usr var entropy etc home lib libexec media mnt proc rescue root sbin sys tmp usr var egg@:/ % ls -a . .. .cshrc .profile .snap .sujournal COPYRIGHT bin boot dev
- 31. egg@:/ % ls-l Total 69 -r--r--r-drwxr-xr-x drwxr-xr-x ... 1 2 7 root root root wheel wheel wheel 61099 1024 1024 Sep 27 12:04 COPYRIGHT Sep 27 12:00 bin Sep 27 12:00 boot wheel wheel wheel 1024 1024 968 Sep 27 12:04 . Sep 27 12:00 .. Sep 27 12:00 .cshrc egg@:/ % ls -al Total 32889 drwxr-xr-x 18 drwxr-xr-x 18 -rw-r--r-- 2 ... root root root
- 32.
- 33.
- 34. -r--r--r-drwxr-xr-x lrwxr-xr-x 1 2 1 root root root wheel 61099 Sep27 12:04 COPYRIGHT wheel 1024 Sep 27 12:00 bin wheel 8 Sep 27 12:00 home->usr/home 檔案類型權限 檔案類型 r-rwx rwx r-r-x r-x r-r-x r-x - 檔案 d 目錄 l d l 連結檔
- 35. -r--r--r-drwxr-xr-x lrwxr-xr-x 1 2 1 root root root wheel 61099 Sep27 12:04 COPYRIGHT wheel 1024 Sep 27 12:00 bin wheel 8 Sep 27 12:00 home->usr/home 檔案類型權限 d l r-rwx rwx r-r-x r-x r-r-x r-x r w 可寫 x 擁有者權限 群組權限 其他人權限 可讀 可執行
- 36.
- 37. File Read Execute Write Relate . Read Edit(New)Move Remove Copy
- 38. Read (Print) file 指令：cat, more 用法： cat (filename) more (filename) egg@:/ % cat /etc/group bin:*:7: news:*:8: man:*:9: games:*:13: ftp:*:14: ...
- 39. Read (Print) file more 可翻頁檢視 egg@:/% more /etc/group # $FreeBSD: (...) # wheel:*:0:root daemon:*:1: kmem:*:2: sys:*:3: tty:*:4: ... --More--(74%) [space] 向下翻一頁 /字串 向下搜尋 "字串" 這個關鍵字 q 離開
- 40. Edit (New) file 指令：vi 用法： vi [filename] egg@:/ % cd ~ egg@:~ % vi test ~ ~ ~ ~
- 41.
- 42. Edit (New) file vi i 文書處理軟體 進入編輯模式 Hello!You can call me Egg. ~ ~ ~ ~
- 43. Edit (New) file vi 文書處理軟體 [Esc] 進入一般模式 ←↓ ↑ → h j k l d 刪除 d3l 向右刪除3個字元 dd 刪除一整列 yy 複製一列 p 貼上
- 44. Edit (New) file vi : 文書處理軟體 進入指令列模式 :w將資料寫入檔案 :q 離開 vi :q! 已修改檔案，但不想儲存，強制離開 :w [filename] 將資料儲存成另一個檔案， 檔名為 "filename"
- 45. Task 2 切換 User為 root ，並在 /tmp 中建立一 個檔名 about 的檔案，寫入你的 學號 和 生日 。 ex. 1005020xx 1993/xx/xx cd vi :wq 再切換 User 為 一般使用者 ，進入 /tmp 觀看並修改 about 檔案，將內容加上 日 期。 ex. 1005020xx 1993/xx/xx , today : 2013/10/21 cat | more
- 46.
- 47. 1005020xx 1993/xx/xx, today:2013/10/21 ~ ~ :wq Read-onlyfile, not written; use ! to override. 1005020xx 1993/xx/xx, today:2013/10/21 ~ ~ :wq! Error: about: Permission denied.
- 48. :q! egg@:/tmp % ls-l total 4 -rwxr--r-- 1 root wheel Owner : root Group : wheel Other : egg 9 Oct 21 13:55 about r, w, x r r
- 49.
- 50. Change file owner 指令：chown 用法： chown (O) [: G] (filename) root@:/tmp # chown egg about root@:/tmp # ls -l total 4 -rwxr--r-- 1 egg wheel 9 Oct 21 13:55 about root@:/tmp # chown egg:egg about root@:/tmp # ls -l total 4 -rwxr--r-- 1 egg egg 9 Oct 21 13:55 about
- 51. Change file mode 指令：chmod 用法： chmod _ _ _ (filename) ___ Owner group other r → 4 rwx: 4+2+1 =7 w → 2 rw : =6 x → 1 r : =4
- 52. Change file mode 指令：chmod 用法： chmod _ _ _ (filename) root@:/tmp # chmod 747 about root@:/tmp # ls -l total 4 -rwxr--rwx 1 root wheel 9 Oct 21 13:55 about
- 53.
- 54.
- 55. Ping Send the packetsto network hosts root@:/tmp # ping 8.8.8.8 PING 8.8.8.8 (8.8.8.8): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 168.95.1.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=50 time=10.0 ms 64 bytes from 168.95.1.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=50 time=10.2 ms ... root@:/tmp # ping www.google.com PING www.foofle.com (202.169.173.216): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 202.169.173.216 : icmp_seq=0 ttl=58 time=10.0 ms 64 bytes from 202.169.173.216 : icmp_seq=1 ttl=58 time=10.2 ms ...
- 56.
- 57. Display manual pages 指令：man 用法： man (command) root@:/ # man ls Name ls -- list directory contents SYNOPSIS ls [-A...] ...
- 58.
- 59. Close down thesystem 指令： shutdown 用法： shutdown [-p] time 選項與參數 -p halt, power off root@:/ # shutdown –p now
- 60.
- 61. We are SNMG System andNetwork Management Group
- 62. Thanks for 中央資工系學會 資訊部 NCUCSIE INFO CLUB