Jurisprudence is the study of fundamental legal principles and their relationship to other social sciences. It is derived from the Latin terms "juris" meaning law and "prudentia" meaning knowledge. Jurisprudence has three main branches: historical jurisprudence examines the origins and development of law; analytical jurisprudence analyzes basic legal concepts and principles; and ethical jurisprudence approaches law from an ethical perspective of how it should ideally be. Jurisprudence has practical applications such as providing terminology to legislators, filling gaps in laws, and helping legal professionals better understand statutes. It also relates to other fields like sociology, psychology, economics, and politics that influence and are influenced by legal systems.

1. Introduction to English Jurisprudence
Introduction:
Jurisprudence is a study of fundamental legal principles, thoughts, writings about law
in its relation with philosophy, psychology, economics, anthropology and other social
sciences.
Literal Meanings of English Jurisprudence:
The word Jurisprudence is derived from the Latin Term, JURIS which means legal
and PRUDENTIA means Knowledge. Therefore, Jurisprudence is Science which gives us
knowledge about law.
Definitions of English Jurisprudence:
i. Black’s law Dictionary: - Jurisprudence is a science of law
ii. Salmond: - Jurisprudence is a science of law.
iii. Ulpain: - Jurisprudence is science of just and unjust.
iv. Austin: - Jurisprudence is philosophy of positive law
Scope and applications of English Jurisprudence:
The Scope of Jurisprudence is very wide and vast and it includes all concepts of
human order and human conduct. Jurisprudence applies on social, moral, economic and
religious values of human beings. Jurisprudence consists of the study of the nature of law and
its related ideas. Austin has distinguished the laws from morality and theology. Jurisprudence
is about the nature of law and justice. It embraces studies and theories from a range of
disciplines such as history, sociology, political science, philosophy, psychology and even
economics.
Practical value of English Jurisprudence:
Jurisprudence is the eye of law and it has very great practical value.
i. Jurisprudence provides the legal terminology to legislature.
ii. It provides skeleton to the constitution.
iii. Jurisprudence fills the gaps of law or removes legal mistakes or fallacies.
iv. It gives detailed interpretation to statue of laws.
v. Jurisprudence helps judges and lawyers in understandings the true meanings
of laws framed by the legislatures.
vi. Jurisprudence has great educational value in logical conclusion or analysis
of legal concepts.
vii. The study of jurisprudence helps the students in adjusting themselves in
society without causing injuries to the interests of other citizens.
Kinds of English Jurisprudence:
There are three kinds of jurisprudence:
Historical Jurisprudence: -
Historical Jurisprudence gives the answers of the questions, origin of law, the
development of law, evolution of law and philosophy of law.
Analytical Jurisprudence: -
The branch of jurisprudence gives analysis to basic principles of civil and their
interpretation.
The most important questions of analytic jurisprudence are: "What are laws?";

2. "What is the relationship between law and power/sociology?"; and, "What is the
relationship between law and morality?"
Ethical Jurisprudence:
The branch of jurisprudence deals with basic principles of ethics and moral values.
Ethical jurisprudence is a branch of legal philosophy which approaches the law from
the viewpoint of its ethical significance and adequacy. It deals with the law as it
ought to be an ideal state. This area of study brings together moral and legal philosophy.
Sociological:
Society can develop the law on its own, according to its needs.
Scandinavian:
Only skilled individuals can develop the best law.
English Jurisprudence in relation with social sciences:
a. Sociology and jurisprudence:
Sociology is the study of society with its relation with human beings.
Jurisprudence and sociology have greater connection with each other. Sociology helps
the jurisprudence in solving the social problems and social wrongs/ civil wrongs
without having the knowledge of society, the jurisprudence cannot be understood.
b. Jurisprudence and Psychology: -
Psychology means science of human behaviour, mind and conduct. Psychology has
close connection with the jurisprudence. For example, in study of criminal
jurisprudence, there is great scope for study of human psychology. In order to
understand criminal mind behind the crime. Similarly, intention to commit crime is
also study of psychology as well as study of jurisprudence.
Jurisprudence and Ethics: -
Ethics means anything relating to moral action or conduct. We can say Ethics is the
science of moral conduct. Ethics are two types. A. Ideal Moral Code B.
Positive Moral Code This cannot be made with the help of any legislature but its
legislature is God. It is present in the hearts of man. Positive Moral Code deals with
the rules, regulation formed by legislatures to the human beings of the society.
Jurisprudence and Economics: -
Economics means science of wealth. It is universal truth that bad economics
condition gives birth to many crimes and offences because due to poverty people
break laws. Karl Marx, has shows that there is good relation between jurisprudence.
For example, labour laws, factory laws, mercantile laws, company laws, association
laws depend upon jurisprudence. As economics improve standard of life of people,
similarly, jurisprudence gives such economics laws which promote social and
economics just.
Jurisprudence and Politics: -
Politics is science of government. Its main subject is relation between citizen, state
and control of the state. There is very close relationship between jurisprudence and
politics. Because government is directly depending upon good laws to run the state
machinery.
Conclusion:
It is rightly said that jurisprudence is science of laws. Jurisprudence has very close
relationship with all social sciences like sociology, history, economics, ethics, and
politics. It has practical educational and legal value with a lot of purpose.