2. 2
Usha Mary Sharma, 01-Aug-11
DBCET. Dept of CS & IT
Contents
• Definition of data.
• Information and Processing.
• Basic Computer Operations.
• Applications of information systems.
3. 3
Usha Mary Sharma, 01-Aug-11
DBCET. Dept of CS & IT
Definition of Data
• Usually the term 'data' suggests something raw
and unrefined.
• Its the most fundamental form of information.
• Information in raw or unorganized form (such
as alphabets, numbers, or symbols) that refer to,
or represent, conditions, ideas, or objects.
• Data is limitless and present everywhere in the
universe.
4. 4
Usha Mary Sharma, 01-Aug-11
DBCET. Dept of CS & IT
Information
• Data that
▫ has been verified to be accurate and timely,
▫ is specific and organized for a purpose,
▫ is presented within a context that gives it
meaning and relevance, and
▫ that can lead to an increase in understanding and
decrease in uncertainty.
The value of information lies solely in its ability
to affect a behavior, decision, or outcome.
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Processing Usha Mary Sharma,
DBCET. Dept of CS & IT
• Process or processing typically describes the
action of taking something through an
established and usually routine set of procedures
• It can be the steps to convert the action from one
form to another, such as processing paperwork
to grant a mortgage loan, processing milk into
cheese, or converting computer data from one
form to another.
• A process involves steps and decisions in the way
work is accomplished
01-Aug-11
6. 6
Usha Mary Sharma, 01-Aug-11
DBCET. Dept of CS & IT
• Processing in technically refers to any process
that a computer program does to enter data and
summarise, analyse or otherwise convert data
into usable information.
• The process may be automated and run on a
computer.
7. 7
Usha Mary Sharma, 01-Aug-11
DBCET. Dept of CS & IT
Applications of Information systems
• Information Systems is an
academic/professional discipline bridging the
business field and the well-defined computer
science field that is evolving toward a new
scientific area of study.
• Some of its applications include:
▫ Geographic information system
▫ Hospital information system
▫ Airline information system
▫ Hotel information system
8. 8
Usha Mary Sharma, 01-Aug-11
DBCET. Dept of CS & IT
Introduction to structured
programming
• Flow Chart
• Pseudo code
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What is a Flow Chart? Usha Mary Sharma,
DBCET. Dept of CS & IT
01-Aug-11
• A flow chart is a graphical or symbolic
representation of a process.
• Each step in the process is represented by a
different symbol and contains a short
description of the process step.
• The flow chart symbols are linked together with
arrows showing the process flow direction.
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Usha Mary Sharma, 01-Aug-11
DBCET. Dept of CS & IT
A really simplistic flow chart showing the flow chart symbols
described above can be seen above.
11. 11
Usha Mary Sharma, 01-Aug-11
DBCET. Dept of CS & IT
A Note on Flowchart Symbols
Different flow chart symbols have different meanings. The
most common flow chart symbols are:
• Terminator: An oval flow chart shape indicating the
start or end of the process.
• Process: A rectangular flow chart shape indicating a
normal process flow step.
• Decision: A diamond flow chart shape indication a
branch in the process flow.
• Connector: A small, labeled, circular flow chart shape
used to indicate a jump in the process flow.
• Data: A parallelogram that indicates data input or
output (I/O) for a process.
• Document: used to indicate a document or report.
12. 12
Usha Mary Sharma, 01-Aug-11
DBCET. Dept of CS & IT
13. 13
Usha Mary Sharma, 01-Aug-11
DBCET. Dept of CS & IT
Pseudocode
• An outline of a program, written in a form that
can easily be converted into real programming
statements.
• Pseudocode cannot be compiled nor executed,
and there are no real formatting or syntax rules
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Usha Mary Sharma, 01-Aug-11
DBCET. Dept of CS & IT
Why use pseudocode?
• Once pseudocode is created, it is simple to
translate it into real programming code.
• Opportunity to detect any logic error prior to
actual coding, which is a lot more expensive and
time consuming.
• Used for planning the programming.
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Usha Mary Sharma, 01-Aug-11
DBCET. Dept of CS & IT
Example
• Read student name.
• Get system date .
• Read student ID number.
• Get order for the books.
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Usha Mary Sharma, 01-Aug-11
DBCET. Dept of CS & IT
Mathematical symbols in Pseudocode:
The following symbols can be used in
pseudocode:
+ for Add,
- for Subtract,
* for Multiply,
/ for Divide,
( ) for Parentheses
• Compute C = (F - 32) * 5 / 9
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Usha Mary Sharma, 01-Aug-11
DBCET. Dept of CS & IT
Common Action Keywords
Several keywords are often used to indicate
common input, output, and processing
operations.
Input: READ, OBTAIN, GET
Output: PRINT, DISPLAY, SHOW
Compute: COMPUTE, CALCULATE,
DETERMINE
Initialize: SET, INIT
Add one: INCREMENT, BUMP
