This ppt includes: Introduction to cell biology. Introduction to cell and types of cell Cell theory and shape of cell. Components of cell CELL BIOLOGY Biological science which deals with the study of structure, function, molecular organization, growth, reproduction and genetics of the cells, is called cytology or cell biology. INTRODUCTION TO CELL Right now your body is doing a million things at once. It’s sending electrical impulses, pumping blood, filtering urine, digesting food, making protein, storing fat, and that’s just the stuff you’re not thinking about! You can do all this because you are made of cells — tiny units of life that are like specialized factories, full of machinery designed to accomplish the business of life. Cells make up every living thing, from blue whales to the archaebacteria that live inside volcanos. Cell is the basic unit of organization or structure of all living matter, within a selective and retentive semi-permeable membrane, it contains a complete set of different kinds of units necessary to permit its own growth and reproduction from simple nutrients. TYPES OF CELL There are two main types of cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic: EUKARYOTIC CELL: Those organisms which have true membrane bounded nucleus in their cells are called eukaryotes. They also contain chromosomes and a variety of membrane bounded organelles like mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, plastids etc. in their cells. They may be unicellular or multicellular organisms. PROKARYOTIC CELL: Prokaryotes are those organisms which do not contain membrane bound nucleus, their nuclear material is usually coiled and concentrated in the region of the cell called nucleoid. They have not any membrane bound organelle, only contain mesosomes, which are simple infoldings of plasma membrane responsible for respiration, photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation etc. They are unicellular organisms like bacteria and cyanobacteria. CELL SHAPES Basic shape of eukaryotic cell is spherical but the shape is ultimately determine by specific function of the cell. Shape may be variable or irregular which occurs in amoeba and WBCs or leucocytes, or the shape of cell may be fixed like in almost all protists, plants and animals. Cell may have diverse shapes such as polyhedral—squamous epithelium, flattened—squamous epithelium, cuboidal—thyroid gland follicles, columnar—cells lining the intestine, discoidal—RBCs or erythrocytes, spherical—eggs of many animals, spindle shaped—smooth muscle fibers, elongated—nerve cell or neurons and branched—chromatophores or pigment cells of skin. COMPONENTS OF CELL A cell consist of mainly three components or parts: Cell Membrane-----an outer covering that separates the cell’s interior from its surrounding environment, Cytoplasm-----consisting of a jelly-like region within the cell in which other cellular structures are present called cell organelles, Nucleus-----contains the genetic material, cell DNA, which controls the activity of cell.

1. CELL
BIOLOGY
PRESENTED BY:
ABEER FATIMA
STUDENT OF BS ZOOLOGYAT UNIVERSITY
OF SINDH, JAMSHORO, PAKISTAN
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2. COURSE OUTLINE:
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• Introduction to cell biology.
• Introduction to cell and types of cell
• Cell theory and shape of cell.
• Components of cell
• Plasma membrane….fluid mosaic model, functions of proteins, and permeability of cell
membrane.
• Nucleus…..Chromatin, nuclear envelope, nucleoplasm, and nucleolus
• Cytoplasm….cytosol and cytoskeleton.
• Cytoplasmic organelles….Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, cytoplasmic
vacuoles, peroxisomes, ribosomes, and mitochondria.

3. CELL BIOLOGY
• Biological science which deals with the study of
structure, function, molecular organization, growth,
reproduction and genetics of the cells, is called cytology
or cell biology.
• The results of these studies are used to formulate the
generalization applied to almost all cells as well as to
provide the basic understanding of how a particular cell
type carries out its specific functions.
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4. INTRODUCTION TO CELL
• Right now your body is doing a million things at once. It’s sending electrical impulses,
pumping blood, filtering urine, digesting food, making protein, storing fat, and that’s
just the stuff you’re not thinking about! You can do all this because you are made of
cells — tiny units of life that are like specialized factories, full of machinery designed
to accomplish the business of life.
• Cells make up every living thing, from blue whales to the archaebacteria that live
inside volcanos.
• Cell is the basic unit of organization or structure of all living matter, within a selective
and retentive semi-permeable membrane, it contains a complete set of different kinds
of units necessary to permit its own growth and reproduction from simple nutrients.
3

5. TYPES OF CELL
There are two main types of cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic:
1. EUKARYOTIC CELL: Those organisms which have true membrane bounded nucleus
in their cells are called eukaryotes. They also contain chromosomes and a variety of
membrane bounded organelles like mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, plastids
etc. in their cells. They may be unicellular or multicellular organisms.
2. PROKARYOTIC CELL: Prokaryotes are those organisms which do not contain
membrane bound nucleus, their nuclear material is usually coiled and concentrated in the
region of the cell called nucleoid. They have not any membrane bound organelle, only
contain mesosomes, which are simple infoldings of plasma membrane responsible for
respiration, photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation etc. They are unicellular organisms like
bacteria and cyanobacteria.
4

6. 5

7. CELL SHAPE:
• Basic shape of eukaryotic cell is spherical but the shape is ultimately determine by
specific function of the cell.
• Shape may be variable or irregular which occurs in amoeba and WBCs or
leucocytes, or the shape of cell may be fixed like in almost all protists, plants and
animals.
• Cell may have diverse shapes such as polyhedral—squamous epithelium,
flattened—squamous epithelium, cuboidal—thyroid gland follicles, columnar—
cells lining the intestine, discoidal—RBCs or erythrocytes, spherical—eggs of
many animals, spindle shaped—smooth muscle fibers, elongated—nerve cell or
neurons and branched—chromatophores or pigment cells of skin.
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9. COMPONENTS OF CELL
A cell consist of mainly three components or parts:
1. Cell Membrane-----an outer covering that separates the cell’s interior from
its surrounding environment,
2. Cytoplasm-----consisting of a jelly-like region within the cell in which
other cellular structures are present called cell organelles,
3. Nucleus-----contains the genetic material, cell DNA, which controls the
activity of the cell.
TO BE CONTINUED……
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10. THANK YOU...☺
QUESTIONS??