2. Construction Materials
◆ Identify the basic components of
concrete
◆ Explain different types of
masonry brick, block, and mortar
◆ Classify wood as hardwood or
softwood
Learning Objectives
3. Construction Materials
◆ Describe various types of glass,
plastic, and insulation
◆ Identify symbols representing
materials on a drawing
Learning Objectives continued
◆ Recognize different structural
steel shapes
4. Concrete
one of the oldest building materials
used by the Romans - 100 B.C.
cement, aggregates, & water
5. Concrete
hardening caused by chemical reaction between the cement
when water is added
set in 2 - 12 hours
held in place by forms
6. Types of Cement
Portland cement
white
colored
Low heat of hydration
High early strength
7. CEMENT TYPES
ASTM C 150
TYPE I
TYPE II
TYPE III
TYPE IV
TYPE V
normal cement
moderate sulfate resistance
high early strength
low heat of hydration
high sulfate resistance
9. Concrete Mixes
produced to meet a desired result
mixed by volume with enough water to make the
concrete flow into the forms
too much water will reduce the strength of the concrete
water / cement - w/c ratio
10. Reinforced Concrete
concrete is great in compressive strength but very poor in
tensile strength
reinforcing steel overcomes the weak tensile strength
bars with deformation
bars are placed prior to the concrete being placed
15. Stone Masonry
granite
limestone
marble
sandstone
fieldstone
slate
cut stone - removed from quarry
16. Brick Masonry
adobe
kiln-burned
sand-lime
concrete
building brick
face brick
glazed brick
fire brick
paving brick
17. Mortar
Type M
high compressive good durability
Type S
high strength, strong bond
Type N
medium strength, general use
Type O
low strength, interior use
Type K
very low strength, interior use
18. Structural Clay Tile
open cell
various sizes & shapes
load-bearing
backup for curtain walls
fireproofing around structural steel
19. CMU
Concrete Masonry Units
widely used in building construction
made of cement, sand, gravel expanded shale, & pumice
various size & shapes
7 5/8”x7 5/8”x15 5/8” actual size
add 3/8” mortar joint 8”x8”x16”
20. Gypsum Blocks
made of gypsum & a binder of vegetable fiber or wood
chips
interior nonbearing walls
fire-resistant partitions
face size of 12” x 30” & come in thickness of 2”, 3”, 4”, & 6”
21. Gypsum Wall Board & Plaster
made of air-entrained gypsum between two
layers of treated paper
typical size 4’ x 8’ sheets
22. Wood Products
chief building material used today
wood classifications
hardwoods
softwoods
24. Softwoods
◆ cypress
◆ fir, douglas
◆ fir, white
◆ hemlock
◆ pine,
ponderosa
◆ pine, southern
◆ pine, white
◆ poplar, yellow
◆ red cedar, eastern
◆ red cedar, western
◆ redwood
◆ spruce
25. Lumber
lumber is classified rough-sawn or surfaced to be sized
◆ rough-sawn has been cut to
rough size but not dressed or
surfaced
26. Lumber continued
lumber is classified rough-sawn or surfaced to be sized
◆ surfaced lumber has been
dressed or finished to size by
running through a planer
⚫ S2S, S4S refers to number of
sides finished
27. Plywood
made of several layers with grain @ right angles on each
layer
odd number are glued to make faces run in same
direction
panels are finished to 1/8” to over 1” in thickness
typically 4’ x 8’ panels
29. Glue-Laminated Timber
bonding layers of lumber with adhesives
wood beams
arches
many sizes
prefabricated at factory
30. Metal Products
used extensively in construction
structural steel
metal windows
doors
metal studs
31. Structural Steel
is a term applied to hot-rolled steel sections, shapes, & plates
formed by hot steel strips (billets, blooms, &/or slabs)
run through succession of rollers, gradually forming the shape
available in many sizes & shapes
32. Structural Steel
typical designations
for wide flange
W12x16 - indicates a beam 12” deep that weighs 16#/LF
for angles
L3x3x1/2 - indicates both legs 3” by 1/2” thick
36. Welded Wire Fabric
indicated by WWF
prefabricated material used mostly in concrete
slabs, floors, & pipe
consists of a mesh steel wires welded together
smooth ‘W’ or deformed ‘D’
40. Glass
ceramic material formed at temperatures above 2300ºF
made from sand (silica) soda (sodium oxide) and lime (calcium
oxide)
41. Glass
float glass
continuous ribbon of molten glass flows out of furnace
and floats on a bath of molten tin
fire polished & annealed
90% of the glass is float
42. Glass
sheet glass - window glass
SS - single strength 3/32” or 1/8”
DS - double strength 3/16” - 7/16”
plate glass - heat treated & polished
bent glass - heated and pressed over a form
43. Glass
safety glass
tempered glass - heat annealed glass to near melting
point & then chill rapidly …
creating high compression on the exterior surface & high
tension internally
shatters into small pieces
can not be cut, drilled, or ground
44. Glass
safety glass
laminated glass - consist of layers of vinyl between sheets
of glass. . .bonded by heat & pressure
the glass when struck & broken is held together by the plastic
45. Glass
safety glass
◆ wire glass - wire mesh molded
into the center
⚫ when broken the wire holds the
glass together
⚫ can be obtained with etched
finish, sandblasted, or patterned
46.
47. Glass
◆ insulated glass - glass
separated by an air space that
is dehydrated & sealed.
⚫ good insulators against heat or
cold
48.
49. Glass
◆ patterned glass - sheet glass
with pattern rolled into one or
both sides
⚫ used to diffuse light or provide
privacy
50.
51. Glass
◆ stained glass - sometimes
called art or cathedral glass
◆ produced by adding metallic
oxides to the glass while in its
molten state
⚫ cut to design & leaded together to
create stained glass windows
52.
53. Ceramic Tile
ceramic tile - used on floors & walls
glazed or unglazed
mosaic tile - used to make design & patterns
quarry tile - wear resistant
fired-clay tile - used for floor coverings
54. Ceramic Tile
tiles are set in
portland cement
latex adhesives
epoxy mortar
joints between tiles
◆ grouted with mortar
◆ may vary in color
55. Plastics
have many uses
counter tops
door veneer
texture on surfaces
gutters
pipes
56. Insulation
used to reduce heat transmission
R-value
resistance to heat transfer
flexible
loose-fill
reflective
rigid
structural
nonstructural
