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introduction to building materials.pdf
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- 2. Construction Materials ◆ Identifythe basic components of concrete ◆ Explain different types of masonry brick, block, and mortar ◆ Classify wood as hardwood or softwood Learning Objectives
- 3. Construction Materials ◆ Describevarious types of glass, plastic, and insulation ◆ Identify symbols representing materials on a drawing Learning Objectives continued ◆ Recognize different structural steel shapes
- 4. Concrete one ofthe oldest building materials used by the Romans - 100 B.C. cement, aggregates, & water
- 5. Concrete hardening causedby chemical reaction between the cement when water is added set in 2 - 12 hours held in place by forms
- 6. Types of Cement Portland cement white colored Low heat of hydration High early strength
- 7. CEMENT TYPES ASTM C150 TYPE I TYPE II TYPE III TYPE IV TYPE V normal cement moderate sulfate resistance high early strength low heat of hydration high sulfate resistance
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- 9. Concrete Mixes producedto meet a desired result mixed by volume with enough water to make the concrete flow into the forms too much water will reduce the strength of the concrete water / cement - w/c ratio
- 10. Reinforced Concrete concreteis great in compressive strength but very poor in tensile strength reinforcing steel overcomes the weak tensile strength bars with deformation bars are placed prior to the concrete being placed
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- 12. Concrete Construction Precast- cast at factory Cast-in-Place - cast at job site Prestressed Pretensioned - prior to placing concrete Posttensioned - after placing concrete
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- 14. Masonry building modularunits brick tile glass gypsum stone - not always modular
- 15. Stone Masonry granite limestone marble sandstone fieldstone slate cut stone - removed from quarry
- 16. Brick Masonry adobe kiln-burned sand-lime concrete building brick face brick glazed brick fire brick paving brick
- 17. Mortar Type M high compressive good durability Type S high strength, strong bond Type N medium strength, general use Type O low strength, interior use Type K very low strength, interior use
- 18. Structural Clay Tile open cell various sizes & shapes load-bearing backup for curtain walls fireproofing around structural steel
- 19. CMU Concrete Masonry Units widely used in building construction made of cement, sand, gravel expanded shale, & pumice various size & shapes 7 5/8”x7 5/8”x15 5/8” actual size add 3/8” mortar joint 8”x8”x16”
- 20. Gypsum Blocks madeof gypsum & a binder of vegetable fiber or wood chips interior nonbearing walls fire-resistant partitions face size of 12” x 30” & come in thickness of 2”, 3”, 4”, & 6”
- 21. Gypsum Wall Board& Plaster made of air-entrained gypsum between two layers of treated paper typical size 4’ x 8’ sheets
- 22. Wood Products chiefbuilding material used today wood classifications hardwoods softwoods
- 23. Hardwoods ash ash-white beech birch cherry elm gum ◆ hickory ◆ mahogany ◆ maple ◆ oak ◆ walnut
- 24. Softwoods ◆ cypress ◆ fir,douglas ◆ fir, white ◆ hemlock ◆ pine, ponderosa ◆ pine, southern ◆ pine, white ◆ poplar, yellow ◆ red cedar, eastern ◆ red cedar, western ◆ redwood ◆ spruce
- 25. Lumber lumber is classifiedrough-sawn or surfaced to be sized ◆ rough-sawn has been cut to rough size but not dressed or surfaced
- 26. Lumber continued lumber isclassified rough-sawn or surfaced to be sized ◆ surfaced lumber has been dressed or finished to size by running through a planer ⚫ S2S, S4S refers to number of sides finished
- 27. Plywood made ofseveral layers with grain @ right angles on each layer odd number are glued to make faces run in same direction panels are finished to 1/8” to over 1” in thickness typically 4’ x 8’ panels
- 28. Plywood interior plywood water-resistant glue cabinets, interior flooring exterior plywood waterproof glue exterior wall sheathing roof sheathing concrete forms
- 29. Glue-Laminated Timber bondinglayers of lumber with adhesives wood beams arches many sizes prefabricated at factory
- 30. Metal Products usedextensively in construction structural steel metal windows doors metal studs
- 31. Structural Steel isa term applied to hot-rolled steel sections, shapes, & plates formed by hot steel strips (billets, blooms, &/or slabs) run through succession of rollers, gradually forming the shape available in many sizes & shapes
- 32. Structural Steel typical designations for wide flange W12x16 - indicates a beam 12” deep that weighs 16#/LF for angles L3x3x1/2 - indicates both legs 3” by 1/2” thick
- 33. Structural Steel W8x24 indicated byheavy line
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- 36. Welded Wire Fabric indicated by WWF prefabricated material used mostly in concrete slabs, floors, & pipe consists of a mesh steel wires welded together smooth ‘W’ or deformed ‘D’
- 37. Welded Wire Fabric designationnumbers 6x6-W1.4xW1.4 6x6 = wire spacing W = smooth wire 1.4 = gage of wire
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- 40. Glass ceramic materialformed at temperatures above 2300ºF made from sand (silica) soda (sodium oxide) and lime (calcium oxide)
- 41. Glass float glass continuousribbon of molten glass flows out of furnace and floats on a bath of molten tin fire polished & annealed 90% of the glass is float
- 42. Glass sheet glass- window glass SS - single strength 3/32” or 1/8” DS - double strength 3/16” - 7/16” plate glass - heat treated & polished bent glass - heated and pressed over a form
- 43. Glass safety glass temperedglass - heat annealed glass to near melting point & then chill rapidly … creating high compression on the exterior surface & high tension internally shatters into small pieces can not be cut, drilled, or ground
- 44. Glass safety glass laminatedglass - consist of layers of vinyl between sheets of glass. . .bonded by heat & pressure the glass when struck & broken is held together by the plastic
- 45. Glass safety glass ◆ wireglass - wire mesh molded into the center ⚫ when broken the wire holds the glass together ⚫ can be obtained with etched finish, sandblasted, or patterned
- 47. Glass ◆ insulated glass- glass separated by an air space that is dehydrated & sealed. ⚫ good insulators against heat or cold
- 49. Glass ◆ patterned glass- sheet glass with pattern rolled into one or both sides ⚫ used to diffuse light or provide privacy
- 51. Glass ◆ stained glass- sometimes called art or cathedral glass ◆ produced by adding metallic oxides to the glass while in its molten state ⚫ cut to design & leaded together to create stained glass windows
- 53. Ceramic Tile ceramictile - used on floors & walls glazed or unglazed mosaic tile - used to make design & patterns quarry tile - wear resistant fired-clay tile - used for floor coverings
- 54. Ceramic Tile tiles areset in portland cement latex adhesives epoxy mortar joints between tiles ◆ grouted with mortar ◆ may vary in color
- 55. Plastics have manyuses counter tops door veneer texture on surfaces gutters pipes
- 56. Insulation used toreduce heat transmission R-value resistance to heat transfer flexible loose-fill reflective rigid structural nonstructural
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