2. Understand the
functional aspects
Appreciate
aesthetics of the
past
Learn the
evolutionary
process
Interpret for the
present
3. Example: Wheel
Crude stone cut wheels
Wooden wheels
Wooden wheels with
rubberized
circumference
Rubber wheels, lifting
water from wells
Modern wheels- for
Transportation, For
DVDs and CDs, For
turbines
4. Example: Human settlements
Hunter Gatherer
Cave Dweller
Agriculture –
Hamlets, villages
Industries -
Villages, towns,
cities
Metropolis- Modern
cities of varied
sizes
5. Mobility
Socio-cultural forces
Climate
Technology
Political power
Geographical location
Religion
Economic development
River valley civilizations of Mesopotamia,
Nile, Indus and Chinese
Layout of Tiruvananthapuram
Housing in the deserts of nRajesthan;
Manduva Logilli in Southern Andhra
pradesh
Underground sewage system in Mohenjo-
Daro; Aquaducts in Ancient Rome
Ashokan pillars, travellers houses, and tree
plantation; Shifting of Capital City by
Mohammed-Bin Tuglaq
Greek Cities on costal areas of Greece;
Fortress-walled cities in South India
Construction of Pyramids; Conversion of
Constantinople from Christianity to Islamic
Guilds for training artisans in Rome;
Banking sector development in USA
6. TEACHING HISTORY, CULTURE AND EVOLUTION OF HUMAN
SETTLEMENTS by MAHENDRA SETHI, School of Planning and
Architecture, New Delhi- ITPI JOURNAL 4:3 (2007) 67 - 72
Advances in Urban Ecology: Integrating Humans and
Ecological Processes in Urban Ecosystems by Marina Alberti
pages 29-30
Exercise for next class: Pick any one of the determinants of
settlement evolution mentioned above and explain with an
example
