This document provides an overview of the fundamentals of web designing. It begins with introducing the internet and its evolution. It then discusses the history and development of the World Wide Web from 1989 to the present. It also describes basic web browser features, how web servers function, and key web standards like HTTP. The document concludes with references for further reading.

1. Programme: BCA Course: Web Designing Fundamental
Web Designing Fundamental
BCA 302
By
Mr. Gulbir Singh
Assistant Professor, MMICT&BM,
M.M.(Deemed to be University)

2. Contents
• Introduction of internet
• World Wide Web(www) evolution and history
• Basic features
• Web Browsers
• Web Servers
• Web Standards
• References
Programme: BCA Course: Web Designing Fundamental

3. Introduction of Internet
• The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer
networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP)
to serve billions of users worldwide.
• It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private,
public, academic, business, and government networks, of local
to global scope, that are linked by a broad array of electronic,
wireless technologies.
• The Internet carries a vast range of information resources and
services, such as the interlinked hypertext documents of the
World Wide Web (WWW) and the infrastructure to support
electronic mail.
Programme: BCA Course: Web Designing Fundamental

4. History of Internet
• The Internet started in the 1960s as a way for government
researchers to share information.
• ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network),
the network that ultimately evolved into what we now know as
the Internet.
• ARPANET was a great success but membership was limited.
• January 1, 1983 is considered the official birthday of the
Internet.
• ARPANET and the Defense Data Network officially changed
to the TCP/IP standard.
Programme: BCA Course: Web Designing Fundamental

5. Application of Internet
• E-Mail
• Social Networking
• Online Communication
• Online Banking
• E- Commerce
• E-learning
• E-HealthCare
• Online Shopping
• E-Governance
Programme: BCA Course: Web Designing Fundamental

6. History of WWW
Programme: BCA Course: Web Designing Fundamental
• 1989- Tim Berners-Lee proposed WWW.
• 1990- World’s first web server was developed.
• 1990-Worldwideweb first web browser.
• 1993- WWW was announced as free and open to all.
• Web 1.0-
1. Most of the pages were static
2. These were only images and hyperlinks.
3. Readers and users were unable to contribute to the site.

7. History of WWW Conti..
Programme: BCA Course: Web Designing Fundamental
• Web 2.0-
1. Pages were made dynamic.
2. Users or readers are allowed to participate with the
website and contribute their views to web.
3. Technologies widely used in web 2.0:
- Client Side
* JavaScript
* AJAX
* Flash

8. History of WWW Conti..
Programme: BCA Course: Web Designing Fundamental
- Server Side
* There are several server side languges
like: Perl, PHP, Ruby etc.
* AJAX
* Flash
• Web 3.0-
- Tim Berbers-Lee described Semantic Web as the most
important component of web 3.0.
- Now the web able to run on any device.

9. Features of WWW
Programme: BCA Course: Web Designing Fundamental
• HyperText Information System.
• Cross-Platform.
• Distributed. Approximately 70 million active sites.
• Open Standards and Open Source. TCP/IP, HTTP, HTML,
CSS.
• Web Browser: provides a single interface to many services.
• Dynamic, Interactive, Evolving.

10. Web Browser
Programme: BCA Course: Web Designing Fundamental
• Web browser, or simply "browser," is an application used to
access and view websites
• Common web browsers include Microsoft Internet Explorer,
Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, and Apple Safari.
• The primary function of a web browser is to render HTML,
the code used to design or "mark up“ webpages.

11. Features of web browser
Programme: BCA Course: Web Designing Fundamental
• Allow the user to open multiple pages at the same time, either
in different browser windows or in different tabs of the same
window.
• Back and forward buttons to go back to the previous page
visited or forward to the next one.
• A refresh or reload and a stop button to reload and cancel
loading the current page. (In most browsers, the stop button is
merged with the reload button.)

12. Features of web browser Conti…
Programme: BCA Course: Web Designing Fundamental
• A home button to return to the user's home page.
• An address bar to input the URL of a page and display it.
• A search bar to input terms into a search engine. (In some
browsers, the search bar is merged with the address bar.)

13. Web Servers
Programme: BCA Course: Web Designing Fundamental
• Web server is a S/W or H/W where the web content is stored.
Basically web server is used to host the web sites but there
exists other web servers also such as gaming, storage, FTP,
email etc.

14. Web Servers Conti…
Programme: BCA Course: Web Designing Fundamental
• The primary function of a web server is to store, process and
deliver web pages to clients.
• The communication between client and server takes place
using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).
• Pages delivered are most frequently HTML documents, which
may include images, style sheets and scripts in addition to the
text content.
Example of web servers:
Apache HTTP Server, Internet Information Services (IIS), Sun
Java System Web Server.

15. Web Standard
Programme: BCA Course: Web Designing Fundamental
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
• HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol
• It is a request and response protocol for the client server
model.
• HTTP is a TCP/IP based communication protocol, that is used
to deliver data (HTML files, image files, query results, etc.) on
the World Wide Web.

16. Web Standard Conti…
Programme: BCA Course: Web Designing Fundamental
Basic Features
• HTTP is connectionless
The server and client are aware of each other only during a
current request.
• HTTP is media independent
It means, any type of data can be sent by HTTP.
• HTTP is stateless
Due to connectionless nature of the protocol, neither the client
nor the browser can retain information between different
requests across the web pages.

17. Web Standard Conti…
Programme: BCA Course: Web Designing Fundamental
Basic Architecture of HTTP

18. Web Standard Conti…
Programme: BCA Course: Web Designing Fundamental
Searching in web
• One can search over web using a search engine.
• A web search engine is a software system designed to search
for information on the World Wide Web.
• The search results are generally presented in a line of results
often referred to as search engine results pages.
• The information may be a mix of web pages, images, and other
types of files

19. Web Standard Conti…
Programme: BCA Course: Web Designing Fundamental
Web Casting
• Webcasting is the process of video broadcasting live over the
internet.
• This technology operates in real-time and allows for active
conversations among and between the webcaster and their
viewer.
• Affordable
• Effective tool for communication.

20. References
Programme: BCA Course: Web Designing Fundamental
1. Honey Cutt, Using the Internet, PHI, 4th ed., 1998.
2. Kogent Learning Solutions Inc., HTML 5 in Simple Steps, Dreamtech
Press, 2012.
3. Thomas A. Powell, The Complete Reference: HTML & XHTML, TMH,
4th ed., 2006.
4. Douglas E. Comer, Computer Networks and Internets, Addison Wisley, 4th
ed., 2009.
5. Xavier, World Wide Web Design with HTML, TMH,2006
6. Achyut S Godbole & Atul Kahate, Web Technologies, Tata McGraw-Hill,
2nd ed., 2012.
7. Brian K Williams & Stacey C. Sawyer, Using Information Technology,
TMH, 6thed, 2008.