Introduction of computer & Its Fundamentals

1. Computer
Fundamental of Computer

2. What is Computer?
Computer is an electronic machine
which accepts data from input
devices, processing it and gives us
results on output devices. It works
easily, speedily, accurately and
clearly.

3. Components of Computer
 There are three types of components in Computer-
Hardware
Software
Users

4. Hardware
All the mechanical and machinery
parts of the computer is called
Hardware. We can touch and see the
all hardware parts of the computer.
For example – CPU, Monitor etc.

5. Software
 Hardware is very important component in the
computer but they are nothing without software.
Software are the set rules which instruct to
hardware what to do? and how to do?
 Means software are that component which control
to hardware. We can see the software but can’t
touch it.
 For example – MS Office, MS Paint etc.

6. Users
Users are the persons who knows
that how to operate the computer.

7. Types of hardware
There are two types of hardware-
External parts
Internal parts

8. External Parts
 Monitor- CRT (Cathode Ray Tube)
- LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
- LED ( Light Emitting Diode)
 Mouse
 Keyboard
 CPU (Central Processing Unit)
 UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply)
 Printer
 Scanner
 Speakers
 Joystick
 Headphone
 Mic

9. Monitor – CRT Cathode Ray Tube

10. INTERNAL PARTS OF COMPUTER
 Microprocessor
 Mother Board
 RAM (Random Access
Memory)
 ROM (Read Only Memory)
 Floopy Drive
 Hard disk
 CD Rom/CD writer/ DVD
Rom /DVD Writer
 SMPS (Switch Mode Power
Supply)
 Data Bus
 LAN Card (Local Area Network)
(For networking Use)
 Modem (For Internet Use)
 Graphics Card
 Sound Card

11. Types of Software
 System software
 All that software which are directly control and
instruct to the hardware of the computer are
called system software.
 Firstly we installed the system software in the
computer then after other software. These
software are providing the platform to the other
software.
 It is not possible to run a computer without any
system software.
 For Example – Windows, Linux, Redhat Android etc.
 Application Software
 Application software are those
software which help us to make
our work easy. With the help of
application software we can do
most of the work easily which is
not possible to do without it .
 For example – MS Paint, MS Office,
Tally, Coral draw etc.

12. Types of Application Software
 General Application Software
 General Application software are
that software which are previously
developed for doing general work.
 Everyone can use it but only the
given features.
 It is not possible to add any
specified feature.
 Customised Application Software /
Specialised Application Software
 These software are those software
which are specially designed to do
any special work.
 It is specified in nature so we can’t
do other types of work through it.

13. User Interface
 CUI (Command User Interface/
Character User Interface)
 In this types of interface user have
to learn the command to do work
on computer. If user forget any
command then user can’t do that
particular work.
 Example of this type interface in
software is MS DOS (Microsoft Disk
Operating System)
 GUI (Graphics User Interface)
 In this type of interface user are
no need to learn any command for
doing work on computer in this
interface some Graphics are
available for representing the
command. So it is easy to do work
on computer through this
interface.
 Example of this type interface in
software is MS Windows, Android
etc.

14. Measuring Units
 1 byte = 8 bits
 1 byte = 1 character
 1 Kilobyte (KB) = 1024 bytes
 1 Megabyte (MB) = 1024 KB
 1 Gigabyte (GB) = 1024 MB
 1 Terabyte (TB) = 1024 GB

15. Drives in My computer
 A Drive- Floppy Drive (5.25”)
 B Drive- Floppy Drive (3.5”)
 C Drive – Hard disk Drive ( Main Drive of Computer – installed all
Software in this drive)
 D Drive –
 E Drive – Hardisk Drives
 F Drive –
 G Drive – Other Hardwares

16. File Extensions
 Word - .docx
 Excel - .xlsx
 Powerpoint - .pptx
 Notepad- .txt
 Paint- .png
 Photos - .jpg