This document discusses the importance of scientific writing and provides key principles. It notes that how well one communicates affects their career and the well-being of others. Poor communication contributed to the Space Shuttle Challenger explosion. Scientists and engineers must communicate to different audiences and in different formats, such as reports, articles, and presentations. To write effectively, one must understand audience, purpose, occasion, content, style, and form. The writing process involves drafting, revising, and finishing. Choosing good models can also improve writing.
Technical writing is the presentation of information that helps the reader solve a particular problem.
Technical communicators write, design, and/or edit proposals, manuals, web pages, lab reports, newsletters, and many other kinds of professional documents.
Technical writing is the presentation of information that helps the reader solve a particular problem.
Technical communicators write, design, and/or edit proposals, manuals, web pages, lab reports, newsletters, and many other kinds of professional documents.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic animals in District Ban...Open Access Research Paper
Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular zoonotic protozoan parasite, infect both humans and animals population worldwide. It can also cause abortion and inborn disease in humans and livestock population. In the present study total of 313 domestic animals were screened for Toxoplasma gondii infection. Of which 45 cows, 55 buffalos, 68 goats, 60 sheep and 85 shaver chicken were tested. Among these 40 (88.88%) cows were negative and 05 (11.12%) were positive. Similarly 55 (92.72%) buffalos were negative and 04 (07.28%) were positive. In goats 68 (98.52%) were negative and 01 (01.48%) was recorded positive. In sheep and shaver chicken the infection were not recorded.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
2. This presentation discusses the importance of scientific
writing and introduces key principles
Importance of Scientific
Writing
Key Principles
audience
purpose
occasion
[Report, 1986]
3. How well you communicate affects your career
Survey (Richard M. Davis)
Successful engineers spent 25% of work
week writing
Survey (Virginia Tech)
Recruiters claim that engineers need more
work on their writing
Survey (Wisconsin)
Professional engineers found writing their
most useful subject in college
4. How well you communicate affects
the well-being of others
Space Shuttle Challenger
(January 28, 1986)
Explosion was caused by failure of O-rings in
the solid rocket boosters
Engineers knew of O-ring problems well
before fatal launch
Engineers failed to communicate seriousness
of problem
[Report, 1986]
5. Scientists and engineers are called upon
to communicate in many different situations
specific
technical
audiences
non-technical
audiences
general
technical
audiences
Reports
Articles
Proposals
Web Pages
Conferences
Lectures
Meetings
Posters
6. This presentation discusses the importance of scientific
writing and introduces key principles
Importance of Scientific
Writing
Key Principles
audience
purpose
occasion
[Report, 1986]
7. Scientific writing differs from other kinds of writing
Subject Matter Writing Constraints
audience
purpose
occasion
Purpose of Writing
To inform
To persuade
[Franklin,
1952]
Writing Style
[Peterson, 1987]
8. You should begin the writing process
by analyzing your constraints
Purpose
Audience
Occasion
Format
Formality
Politics and ethics
Process and deadline
Who they are
What they know
Why they will read
How they will read
To inform
To persuade
9. Three aspects of writing affect the way that readers
assess your documents
Content
Style
Form
10. Style is the way you communicate
the content to the audience
Structure
wordswordswords
wordswordswords
wordswordswords
wordswordswords
words
wordswords
wordswordswords
wordswordswordswords
Language
style
Illustration
[Peterson, 1987]
11. Form embodies the format and mechanics
of the writing
format
typography
layout
mechanics
grammar
usage
punctuation
spelling
12. We can split the writing process into stages
Writing the First DraftWriting the First DraftGetting in the MoodGetting in the Mood
Revising, Revising, RevisingRevising, Revising, Revising FinishingFinishing
13. An excellent way to improve your writing
is to choose good models
Maria Goeppert Mayer
AIP
Linus Pauling
Cal-Tech
Editor's Notes
Mapping slide for this introductory presentation on scientific writing. This presentation has two divisions: (1) a discussion of the importance of scientific writing, and (2) a discussion of key principles. These principles include analyzing the situation, distinguishing between style and form, and making the process efficient.
Reference for picture: Report to the President on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident, vol. 1 (Washington, D.C.: Presidential Commission, 6 June 1986), p. 33.
With this background slide, I try to convince students of the importance of scientific writing. This slide presents three surveys that show different points about the importance of writing for engineers. The first survey was performed by Richard M. Davis of the Air Force who surveyed 245 distinguished engineers. This survey not only found the result presented on this slide (25% of work week spent on writing), but also found that those surveyed attributed their success in part to their ability to communicate. Source: Richard M. Davis, Technical Writing: Its Importance in the Engineering Profession and Its Place in the Engineering Curriculum, AFIT TR 75-5 (Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio: Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, 1975).
The second survey was performed by Dean John Bollinger from the College of Engineering at the University of Wisconsin who contacted 9000 engineers who had graduated. The slide shows an important result of that survey (that the engineers found writing to be their most useful subject). Interestingly, the second most useful skill cited was the ability to speak. Source: Dean John G. Bollinger, “Alumni Survey Results,” Perspective (Madison: College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Summer 1994), p. 2.
The third survey was performed by the College of Engineering at Virginia Tech. Here, recruiters to Virginia Tech were polled. The purpose of the survey was to determine what skills that engineering graduates needed most improvement upon. Source: Virginia Tech, College of Engineering, “Summary Report of Employer Focus Group” (October 2000).
This slide makes the point that engineers and scientists have to communicate in many different situations. Not only are they called upon to write different types of documents and speak in different occasions, but they also face several different audiences. Given this variety, coming up with a set of rules to handle every situation is difficult, not impossible. Engineers and scientists therefore have to learn to analyze each situation and decide upon the best way to communicate in that situation. This news is hard for many engineering and science students to accept. (Pages 2-3)
Repeat of mapping slide for this presentation on scientific writing. This slide introduces the second part of the presentation: a discussion of key principles. These principles include analyzing the situation, distinguishing between style and form, and making the process efficient.
Reference for picture: Report to the President on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident, vol. 1 (Washington, D.C.: Presidential Commission, 6 June 1986), p. 33.
One problem that many students have is that they don’t have a sense of hierarchy about aspects of writing. These students might equate a small aspect of form such as using a contraction with a serious mistake in content such as leaving out important information, or style, such as not emphasizing the most important result. With this slide, I try to distinguish these three terms. While there certainly is overlap among these terms, their definitions are distinct. Content is the message given, style is the way that message is presented (structure, language, and illustration), and form is the appearance of the message (grammar, punctuation, usage, spelling, and format). (Chapter 1)
If the constraints are what the engineer or scientist does not control in the writing process, then style is what the engineer or scientist does control. Style comprises three perspectives: structure, language, and illustration (all three are defined in Chapter 1). Students should note that unlike most terms in engineering and science, most terms in writing do not have universal definitions. For that reason, you and your students should agree upon a few definitions so that your discussions about writing make sense. So often, I have seen discussions about writing become unproductive because people invoke terms that others either do not understand or have different definitions for. Terms often used in discussions of writing, but not often understood by students, are format, style, structure, language, illustration, tone, active voice, passive voice, past tense, and the major parts of speech. These are defined in the textbook’s glossary.
Reference for parachute photo: Peterson, C.W., and D.W. Johnson, Advanced Parachute Design, SAND86-8006 (Albuquerque: Sandia National Laboratories, 1986).
Information about the format of scientific writing can be found on pages 6-7 and in Chapter 16. Information about the mechanics of scientific writing can be found in Appendices A and B (and in The Craft of Editing (Springer-Verlag, 2000). Both of these subjects are discussed in separate presentations.
Discussion of making the process of writing more efficient to perform can be found in Chapter 17. When I first started teaching, I discussed the process of writing towards the end of the course. Recently, I have begun incorporating discussions of it throughout the course, particularly just before assignments are due.
Conclusion slide to this presentation. One of the best ways to improve one’s writing is to select strong models. Conversely, a reason that so many engineers and scientists write so poorly is that they select poor models. Two excellent models of scientific writing are Maria Goeppert Mayer, who won the Nobel prize in Physics for her work on the structure of the nucleus and Linus Pauling, who won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on covalent bonds. Both were excellent communicators of their work.