Mythological Origins & Elizabethan Concerns
Looks at the way Shakespeare's work has been influenced by a body of myths, medieval writing and also shapes his work to suit the Elizabethan audience.
Brief review of a new e-book: "Another World, A Different Life"
A science fiction story dealing with relationships, materialism, genetic manipulation, and alien abduction.
RethinkingtheWesternTraditionThe volumes in th.docxzmark3
Rethinking
the
Western
Tradition
The volumes in this series
seek to address the present debate
over the Western tradition
by reprinting key works of
that tradition along with essays
that evaluate each text from
di!erent perspectives.
EDITORIAL
COMMITTEE FOR
Rethinking
the
Western
Tradition
David Bromwich
Yale University
Gerald Graff
University of Illinois at Chicago
Geoffrey Hartman
Yale University
Samuel Lipman
(deceased)
The New Criterion
Gary Saul Morson
Northwestern University
Jaroslav Pelikan
Yale University
Marjorie Perloff
Stanford University
Richard Rorty
Stanford University
Alan Ryan
New College, Oxford
Ian Shapiro
Yale University
Frank M. Turner
Yale University
Allen W. Wood
Stanford University
The Social
Contract and
The First and
Second
Discourses
J E A N - J A C Q U E S R O U S S E A U
Edited and with an Introduction by Susan Dunn
with essays by
Gita May
Robert N. Bellah
David Bromwich
Conor Cruise O’Brien
Yale University Press
New Haven and London
Copyright ! 2002 by Yale University.
Translations of The Discourse on the Sciences and Arts and
The Social Contract copyright ! 2002 by Susan Dunn.
All rights reserved.
This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part,
including illustrations, in any form (beyond that
copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S.
Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public
press), without written permission from the publishers.
Printed in the United States of America by Vail-Ballou Press, Binghamton, New York.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 1712–1778.
[Selections. English. 2002]
The social contract ; and, The first and second discourses / Jean-Jacques Rousseau ;
edited and with an introduction by Susan Dunn ; with essays by Gita May . . . [et al.].
p. cm. — (Rethinking the Western tradition)
Includes bibliographical references.
isbn 0-300-09140-0 (cloth : alk. paper) — isbn 0-300-09141-9 (pbk. : alk. paper)
1. Political science—Early works to 1800. 2. Social contract—Early works to 1800.
3. Civilization—Early works to 1800. I. Dunn, Susan. II. May, Gita. III. Title. IV. Series.
jc179 .r7 2002
320%.01—dc21 2001046557
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
The paper in this book meets the guidelines
for permanence and durability of the Committee on
Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the
Council on Library Resources.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contributors
Robert N. Bellah is Elliott Professor of Sociology Emeritus at the Univer-
sity of California at Berkeley. He is the author of numerous books, includ-
ing Beyond Belief and The Broken Covenant, and is co-author of Habits of
the Heart and The Good Society.
David Bromwich is Housum Professor of English at Yale University. He is
the author of several books, including Politics by Other Means: Higher
Education and Group Thinking, Skeptical Music: Essays on Modern Po-
etry, and A.
Brief review of a new e-book: "Another World, A Different Life"
A science fiction story dealing with relationships, materialism, genetic manipulation, and alien abduction.
RethinkingtheWesternTraditionThe volumes in th.docxzmark3
Rethinking
the
Western
Tradition
The volumes in this series
seek to address the present debate
over the Western tradition
by reprinting key works of
that tradition along with essays
that evaluate each text from
di!erent perspectives.
EDITORIAL
COMMITTEE FOR
Rethinking
the
Western
Tradition
David Bromwich
Yale University
Gerald Graff
University of Illinois at Chicago
Geoffrey Hartman
Yale University
Samuel Lipman
(deceased)
The New Criterion
Gary Saul Morson
Northwestern University
Jaroslav Pelikan
Yale University
Marjorie Perloff
Stanford University
Richard Rorty
Stanford University
Alan Ryan
New College, Oxford
Ian Shapiro
Yale University
Frank M. Turner
Yale University
Allen W. Wood
Stanford University
The Social
Contract and
The First and
Second
Discourses
J E A N - J A C Q U E S R O U S S E A U
Edited and with an Introduction by Susan Dunn
with essays by
Gita May
Robert N. Bellah
David Bromwich
Conor Cruise O’Brien
Yale University Press
New Haven and London
Copyright ! 2002 by Yale University.
Translations of The Discourse on the Sciences and Arts and
The Social Contract copyright ! 2002 by Susan Dunn.
All rights reserved.
This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part,
including illustrations, in any form (beyond that
copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S.
Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public
press), without written permission from the publishers.
Printed in the United States of America by Vail-Ballou Press, Binghamton, New York.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 1712–1778.
[Selections. English. 2002]
The social contract ; and, The first and second discourses / Jean-Jacques Rousseau ;
edited and with an introduction by Susan Dunn ; with essays by Gita May . . . [et al.].
p. cm. — (Rethinking the Western tradition)
Includes bibliographical references.
isbn 0-300-09140-0 (cloth : alk. paper) — isbn 0-300-09141-9 (pbk. : alk. paper)
1. Political science—Early works to 1800. 2. Social contract—Early works to 1800.
3. Civilization—Early works to 1800. I. Dunn, Susan. II. May, Gita. III. Title. IV. Series.
jc179 .r7 2002
320%.01—dc21 2001046557
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
The paper in this book meets the guidelines
for permanence and durability of the Committee on
Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the
Council on Library Resources.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contributors
Robert N. Bellah is Elliott Professor of Sociology Emeritus at the Univer-
sity of California at Berkeley. He is the author of numerous books, includ-
ing Beyond Belief and The Broken Covenant, and is co-author of Habits of
the Heart and The Good Society.
David Bromwich is Housum Professor of English at Yale University. He is
the author of several books, including Politics by Other Means: Higher
Education and Group Thinking, Skeptical Music: Essays on Modern Po-
etry, and A.
The Phases of European History and the Nonexistence of th.docxgertrudebellgrove
The Phases of European History and the Nonexistence of the Middle Ages
Author(s): C. Warren Hollister
Source: Pacific Historical Review, Vol. 61, No. 1 (Feb., 1992), pp. 1-22
Published by: University of California Press
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3640786
Accessed: 16-05-2017 18:49 UTC
REFERENCES
Linked references are available on JSTOR for this article:
http://www.jstor.org/stable/3640786?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents
You may need to log in to JSTOR to access the linked references.
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted
digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about
JSTOR, please contact [email protected]
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at
http://about.jstor.org/terms
University of California Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to
Pacific Historical Review
This content downloaded from 128.193.152.0 on Tue, 16 May 2017 18:49:45 UTC
All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
The Phases of European History and
the Nonexistence of the Middle Ages
C. WARREN HOLLISTER
The author is a member of the history department in the
University of California, Santa Barbara. This paper was
his presidential address to the Pacific Coast Branch of the
American Historical Association at its annual meeting
in August 1991 at Kona on the island of Hawaii.
I stand here before you to deliver the 1991 presiden-
tial address on the occasion of the eighty-fourth annual meet-
ing of the American Historical Association, Pacific Coast
Branch. I do hope you all realize what a heartwrenching task
this is for me. I am an historian of medieval Europe. Only a
small handful of you are medievalists -and I brought almost
all of you here myself--to applaud me after my talk.
There is something deeply incongruous about an histo-
rian of medieval Europe presiding at a meeting on the Big
Island of Hawaii--but it is thoroughly enjoyable--not to men-
tion salubrious. Yet it is also, as I said, daunting. We have all
had a splendid banquet, with an abundance of excellent wine.
I do not want to put you to sleep with a boring, highly spe-
cialized address. And yet if my talk is too fluffy it will not
stand up well when published in our splendid journal, the
Pacific Historical Review. Worse yet, Norris Hundley might turn
it down. I should have examined how past presidents, espe-
cially medievalists such as my dear friends Robert Ignatius
Burns and the late Lynn White, coped with this problem. But
my file of the Pacific Historical Review perished in the great
Santa Barbara fire of June 27, 1990, which caused our home -
with all its contents: computer, computer disks, print-out
Pacific Historical .
The Phases of European History and the Nonexistence of th.docxgertrudebellgrove
The Phases of European History and the Nonexistence of the Middle Ages
Author(s): C. Warren Hollister
Source: Pacific Historical Review, Vol. 61, No. 1 (Feb., 1992), pp. 1-22
Published by: University of California Press
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3640786
Accessed: 16-05-2017 18:49 UTC
REFERENCES
Linked references are available on JSTOR for this article:
http://www.jstor.org/stable/3640786?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents
You may need to log in to JSTOR to access the linked references.
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted
digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about
JSTOR, please contact [email protected]
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at
http://about.jstor.org/terms
University of California Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to
Pacific Historical Review
This content downloaded from 128.193.152.0 on Tue, 16 May 2017 18:49:45 UTC
All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
The Phases of European History and
the Nonexistence of the Middle Ages
C. WARREN HOLLISTER
The author is a member of the history department in the
University of California, Santa Barbara. This paper was
his presidential address to the Pacific Coast Branch of the
American Historical Association at its annual meeting
in August 1991 at Kona on the island of Hawaii.
I stand here before you to deliver the 1991 presiden-
tial address on the occasion of the eighty-fourth annual meet-
ing of the American Historical Association, Pacific Coast
Branch. I do hope you all realize what a heartwrenching task
this is for me. I am an historian of medieval Europe. Only a
small handful of you are medievalists -and I brought almost
all of you here myself--to applaud me after my talk.
There is something deeply incongruous about an histo-
rian of medieval Europe presiding at a meeting on the Big
Island of Hawaii--but it is thoroughly enjoyable--not to men-
tion salubrious. Yet it is also, as I said, daunting. We have all
had a splendid banquet, with an abundance of excellent wine.
I do not want to put you to sleep with a boring, highly spe-
cialized address. And yet if my talk is too fluffy it will not
stand up well when published in our splendid journal, the
Pacific Historical Review. Worse yet, Norris Hundley might turn
it down. I should have examined how past presidents, espe-
cially medievalists such as my dear friends Robert Ignatius
Burns and the late Lynn White, coped with this problem. But
my file of the Pacific Historical Review perished in the great
Santa Barbara fire of June 27, 1990, which caused our home -
with all its contents: computer, computer disks, print-out
Pacific Historical ...
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
6. www.bl.uk 6
Conclusions
Source: The source goes here
• Shakespeare injected the concerns of his time
• Why have we retold the same stories over and over again?
• The need to know and explain the environments and
communities we live in
7. www.bl.uk 7
General
Medieval Shakespeare : pasts and presents / edited by
Ruth Morse, Helen Cooper, and Peter Holland.
Cambridge ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 2013.
Narrative and dramatic sources of Shakespeare / edited by
Geoffrey Bullough.
London : Routledge & Kegan Paul ; New York : Columbia
University Press, 1957-1975.
The Oxford companion to world mythology / David
Leeming. (Prehistoric mythology of the Neolithic)
New York ; Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2005.
The Oxford companion to archaeology / editor Adrian M.
Fagan ; editors, Charlotte Beck ... [et al.].
New York ; Oxford : Oxford University Press, 1996.
New Testament apocrypha / edited by Wilhelm
Schneemelcher
Cambridge : J. Clarke, 1992.
Medieval
Troilus and Criseyde, with facing-page Il Filostrato :
authoritative texts ; the testament of Cresseid ; criticism /
Geoffrey Chaucer ; edited by Stephen A. Barney.
New York ; London : W. W. Norton, 2006.
A Translation of Il Filostrato
http://www.yorku.ca/inpar/filostrato_griffin.pdf
A handbook to the reception of Ovid / edited by John F.
Miller and Carole E. Newlands.
Chichester, West Sussex, UK ; Malden, MA : Wiley
Blackwell, 2014.
The Apocryphal New Testament : a collection of apocryphal
Christian literature in an English translation / J.K. Elliott.
Oxford University Press, 1993.
BL Blog on Chaucer’s manuscripts
http://britishlibrary.typepad.co.uk/digitisedmanuscripts/201
2/10/paging-through-troilus-and-criseyde.html
Manuscript versions of Ovid’s Metamorphosis
https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/ovids-
metamorphoses#sthash.ORCo0Dwe.dpuf
Origins of the World’s Mythologies/ E.J. Michael Witzel
New York: Oxford University Press, 2012
Sources of mythology : ancient and contemporary myths :
proceedings of the seventh annual International
Conference on Comparative Mythology / Klaus Antoni,
David Weiß (eds.).
International Conference on Comparative Mythology (7th :
2013 : Tübingen, Germany)
Berlin : Lit, 2014.
Ancient Greek Mythology Influences
Ovid's Metamorphoses : The Arthur Golding Translation of
1567
https://archive.org/details/shakespearesovid00oviduoft
How Romeus became Romeo
http://americanrepertorytheater.org/inside/articles/articles-
vol4-i3-how-romeus-became-romeo
Greek Myths
http://sacred-texts.com/ane/index.htm
“The Pínakes of Callimachus” Witty, Francis J. in The
Library Quarterly: Information, Community, Policy , Vol. 28,
No. 2 (Apr., 1958), pp. 132-136
The melancholy muse : Chaucer, Shakespeare and early
medicine / Carol Falvo Heffernan.
Pittsburgh, Penn. : Duquesne University Press, c1995.
YA.1996.b.3224.
Ancient Mesoamerican Influences
“Testament of Job” in The Apocryphal Old Testament /
edited by H.F.D. Sparks.
Oxford : Clarendon, 1984.
Geoffrey of Monmouth : the history of the kings of Britain :
an edition and translation of De gestis Britonum (Historia
regum Britanniae) / edition by Michael D. Reeve
Geoffrey, of Monmouth, Bishop of St. Asaph, 1100?-1154.
Woodbridge : Boydell Press, 2007.
Geoffrey of Monmouth’s King Lear
http://www.bl.uk/collection-items/geoffrey-of-monmouths-
account-of-king-lear-in-history-of-the-kings-of-britain
Early modern drama and the Bible : contexts and readings,
1570-1625 / edited by Adrian Streete.
Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.
Biblical influences in Shakespeare's great tragedies / Peter
Milward.
Bloomington : Indiana University Press, 1987.
Medieval Shakespeare : pasts and presents / edited by
Ruth Morse, Helen Cooper, and Peter Holland.
Cambridge ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 2013
Pp115-116
The Bible in Shakespeare / Hannibal Hamlin.
Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2013.
Mesopotamian Myth read aloud: The Poem of the
Righteous Sufferer
https://www.soas.ac.uk/baplar/recordings/the-poem-of-
the-righteous-sufferer-ludlul-bl-nmeqi-tablet-ii-entire-tablet-
read-by-karl-hecker.html
Traditional Narratives of Tainos
http://ancientantilles.com/traditionalnarrativesandreligion.h
tml
Sacred Texts Americas
http://www.sacred-texts.com/nam/
Before the muses : an anthology of Akkadian literature /
Benjamin R. Foster.
Bethesda, Md. : CDL Press, c2005.
Conclusions
Geomythology
http://web.stanford.edu/dept/HPST/MayorGeomythology.pd
f
Fossil Legends of the First Americans/Adrienne Mayor
Princeton University Press, 2005.
Editor's Notes
William Shakespear April 1564- May 3, 1616
This presentation will be will be focused on intertextuality and the body of work that directly or indirectly influenced Shakespeare.
Shakespeare lived in a great time for the English vernacular
Bible being translated from Latin to English (King James’ bible).
body of texts including classical and ancient texts such as Ovid’s Greek myths which had been translated from Latin and a host of his European contemporaries as well as historical work such as those of Chaucer and Dante.
secret weapon at his disposal, must have been a library as he seemed to be working from texts whose editions predated those that were popular in his lifetime.
It would be very challenging to examine older myths of literary interest from other from cultures if it weren’t for fields of scholarship such as: Geomythology , Comparative Mythology and Linguistics which addresses this.
Most of Shakespeare’s work was not influenced by just one story quite often speeches/ bits of knowledge were injected from a variety of other sources. I will try to focus on the main themes only. I will also only focus on a few texts that influenced him to avoid this presentation just being a list of names.
Image: Drawing of England BL: Cotton MS Tiberius B V/1
Image: Panorama of historical London
https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Maps_of_Old_London/Norden
earlier prose by Chaucer who wrote a similarly named Troilus and Criseyde.
Borrowed from an earlier story by the Italian Boccaccio's(Il Filostrato,(The Love Struck) features the familiar protagonists Troilo and Criseida took place during the war for Troy.
These stories are similar, in that they share a plot and a title but the similarities end there.
Theme - War and recounting History
questions war,
war disrupts people’s lives but also serves as a catalyst for bonding and shared experiences.
show how easily life/perceptions views etc can change
people’s values can be forced to change depending on the situation they are in or the pressure exerted on them through circumstances.
Through the love story itself and the twists and turns of the war.
Image : http://britishlibrary.typepad.co.uk/digitisedmanuscripts/2012/10/paging-through-troilus-and-criseyde.html
Image: Royal MS 17 E IV http://www.bl.uk/collection-items/ovids-metamorphoses
English poet, Arthur Brooke titled "The Tragical History of Romeus and Juliet." (1562)
Greek mythology(43 bc– ad 17 Ovid's Metamorphoses)
Ovid work was heavily influenced by the works of Callimachus Pinakes
In the story of Pyramus and Thisbē whose parents banned them from being together but they managed to communicate with each other whispering through the cracks of a wall. After a while they arranged to meet in person.
Theme - Barriers to love, potions and health
his use of poison and inclusion of medical information.
It was almost a medical drama with a love story.
Shakespeare uses 3 characters to present this knowledge.
Juliet’s nurse
Apothecary.
Friar who is the priest physician (early modern doctor/counsellor)
Image: Apothecary http://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/ILLUMIN.ASP?Size=mid&IllID=4359
Image : http://www.bl.uk/collection-items/ovids-metamorphoses
An earlier work by Geoffrey of Monmouth “History of the Kings of Britain”.
Biblical Job
earlier Mesopotamian(myth called The Poem of the Righteous Sufferer 1700 BCE.
righteous suffering in Mesoamerican mythology of the Tainos in Caribbean.
Theme- Suffering in General
The concept of suffering providing clarity is prominent in this work as King Lear
Cordelia suffers patiently first,
Lear whose vanity and arrogance
He faces despair not knowing if his situation will end or change for the better.
He has to face the guilt that his choices are what lead to this outcome.
Guilt for Gloucester
Tension for audience
Image : http://www.bl.uk/collection-items/the-true-chronicle-history-of-king-leir-1605
Image :http://ancientantilles.com/traditionalnarrativesandreligion.html
Archetypal or the diffusionist view,
Gondwana mythology and Laurasian mythology.