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![lNтERпnEDIAтЕ tANGUAGE PRA(тlсE
Grammar13
Grammar14
Grammar15
Grammar16
Grammar'17
Grammar'18
Grammar19
Grammar2'l
Grammar 22
Grammar23
Grammar 24
Grammar25
Grammar26
Conditionals l
Сonditiоns and rеsults_ Zeтoсonditional:ff+ prеsеntsimplе,... prеsеnt
simplе- Firstсonditiоnal:ff+ prеsеntsimplе,... will/woп,t_Sесond
сonditional: ff +past simplе, '.. would/wouldп,t
_ unlеss_ othеr usеsof would
Conditionals 2
Тhird сonditional: ff+ past pеrfесt,... would/tllouldn,t
+ hоve+ past
partiсiplе - Мodal vеrbs in сonditional sеntеnсеs- Сonditionals without
if - If I were
you,L..
Wishes
Wishes about thе prеsеnt_ Wishеs about thе past _ hope* If oпlу
Passivе 1
Passivе:form, usе _ Using bу and with - Sеntеnсeswithout an agеnt_
Transitivеand intransitivе vеrbs
Passive 2
Vеrbswith two objесts_ to beborn_ hаvesomething
doпе_ Passivе+
infinitivе
Modals 'l: present and future
Мoda] vеrbs:form and mеaning _ Ability _ Сеrtainty and unсertainty -
obligation _ opinions and adviсе
Modals 2: past
Ability _ Cеrtainty and unсеrtainty _ obligation * opinions and adviсе
сoNsoLlDAТ|oN
2 ....'....'.i..
....
Purpose
Purposе: to and for _ Pшposе: so thаt
Reason and result g6
Rеasonand rеsult - so and such for еmphasis_ too and not enoughtot a
diffiсulty - so and fоo- Rеsultphrasеs:аs а rеsult,in theепd,eventuаllу
_
Linking words
Contrast 97
but, уet and аlthough- eventhoughand though_ while and whereаs_
despiteand in spiteof - howeverand oп theotherhаnd _ Linking words
Funсtions 94
What is a funсtion? _ Asking for information _ offеrs _ Pеrmission_
Promising - Rеquеsts_ Rеquеstswith miпd _ Suggеstingand advising
Relative сlauses 1 gg
Rеlativесlausеs_ Rеlativеpronouns _ Lеaving out thе rеlativеpronouns
Rеlative сlauses 2 10З
Combining Sеntеnсеs_ Relativесlausеswith an -iпg fotm _ Whаt as
a rеlativеDronoun
50
55
58
61
66
69
75
78
8З](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-2-320.jpg)
![lNтЕRrvlEDlAтE tANGUAGE PRAстl(E
Grammar40
Grammar 42
Grammar43
Grammar 44
Grammar45
Grammar 46
Grammar 47
Grammar48
Grammar 49
Grammar 50
Phrasalvеrbs2
Vеrbswith two parts:transitivе
and sеparablе
_ Vеrbswith two parts:
intransiti.е
сoNsollDAтloN4 165
Verbs followed bу -ing or infinitive 1 1'7o
rеrbs followеdэу -iпg or infinitivе: littlе or no сhangе of mеaning - Vеrbs
follorvеd Ilу to + infinitivе _ Vегbs followеd tlу to + infinitivе, or thаt-c|ausе
VerbsfolIowedbу -ingor infinitive2 775
-еrbs followed bу -iпg or infinitivе: сhangе of mеaning _ Verbs followеd
br. -lilg or infinitivе without fo: сhangе of mеaning _ Verbs followеd
tll- -itlg or noun - Vеrbs followеd bу -iпg, or noun, or thаt-с|atsе
r61
Verbsfollowed by prepositions
-еrbs + prеposition - bе + adjесtivе + prеposition
Pronouns
]ndеfinitе pronouns - Somеoпе|
с|пyone
еtс._ evеrуoпе,
no oпeеtС'-
Rеflеxivеpronouns: mуselfеtс.- Impеrsona|oпe
Possession
,s(apostrophеs)
_ of and сompound nouns _ Possеssivеadjесtivеs*
Possеssivе
pronouns_ Doublе possеssivе
Linking words
апd, both,too,аSwеII,аlso _ for eхаmple,suсh аs _ first (of аlI),seсoпdlу
etс',fiпаIly- аs well аs this,besidesthis_ in fасt,асtuаllу'in mу view,
persoпаIlу
_ either,or _ insteаd(ofl_ eхсеpt
_ eуеп_ Timе words with othеr
mеanings
Capital letters and punсtuation
Сapital lеttеrs_ Full stop (.)- Comma (,)_ Sеmi сolon (;)_ Colon (:)_
Spеесhmarks (,,)(',")_ Quеstion mark (?)and еxсlamation mark (!)
Spelling and pronunсiation 1
Adding -iпgto vеrbs - Words еnding in -ful _ -ieot -el?_ Silеnt lеttеrs
Spelling and pronunсiation 2
Samеsound, diffеrеnt spelling _ Samеpronunсiation, diffеrеnt spеlling
and mеaning - Words whiсh look similar _ Words with a syllablе whiсh is
not pronounсеd - Nouns and vеrbs with с and s _ How to improvе spеlling
сoNsoLIDAТloN5
179
784
189
194
199
2oЗ
206
209
гl](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-4-320.jpg)
![I NтER]r,|ЕDlAтE LAN G UAG E PRAстlсЕ
Thinkingaboutlanguagein сontext
3 tor еaсhsituation(a_d)underIine
the bеstexprеssion.
Thе othеr alternatives
may
be wrong in grammar,or too informal/impolite
for the situation,or too
formal/poIitе
for thе situation.
a) It,sr-ouгbirthday on Saturday.Invitе a friеnd to your party.
1 I'1lhavе apartУ on Saturday.You will сomе.
2 I,m having a partу on Saturday.Do you Want to сomе?
З I havе a party on Saturday.Arе you сoming?
bl bu arе on thе bus. Ask a strangеrto opеn thе window.
1 Сould you opеn thе windoщ plеasе?
2 opеn thе window.
3 Ехсusеmе, but do you think you сould possibly opеn thе window?
с) You arrivе latе for сlassand apologizеto your tеaсhеr.
1 I,m latе,I apologizе.
2 SoтrуI,m latе.
3 Plеasеaссеptmy most sinсerеapologiеs.
d) You arе a witnеss to a minor aссidеnt.Еxplain what you saw to a poliсеman.
1 Тhis сar сomеSdown thе road and hits a trее,bangl
2 А сarhad сomе down thе road and had hit a tIее.
З A сar сamе down thе road and hit a trее.
Other ways of learning
4 Whiсh waysof learningEnglishdo you usе?What сouldyou startdoing now?
a) Rеadingfor plеasurе.
b) Тranslating.
с) Мaking lists of words, or problеm points, in a notеbook.
d) Using a diсtionary.
е) Listеningto songs.
f) Kееping a diary.
g) Rеviеwingyour writtеn work.
h) Looking at Еnglish-languagеintеrnеt sitеs.
i) Watсhing tеlеvision,watсhing films or listеning to thе radio.
i) Using a sеlf-studygrammar/voсabularybook.
WhiсhEnglish?
Еnglish is a world languagе,and thе Еnglish spokеn in thе USA or Australia
diffеrsfrom thе Еnglish spokеn in Britain. Thеrе arе also diffеrеnсеsbеtwееn
spеakеrsfrom Sсotland,Irеland and Еngland, and bеtwеendiffеrеnt parts of thе
samе сountry. This book usеswhat is gеnеrallyсallеd StandardBritish Еnglish.
Rеfеrеnсеsarе also madе to somе diffеrеnсеsin Amеriсan Еnglish.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-7-320.jpg)
![2
GRAмпnAR 3 PRЕsЕNт TIмE 2
Underlinethe сorreсtsentencefor eaсhsituation.
a) You Want to invitе a friеnd to your party on Friday. You say:
1 I havе a party on Friday.Do you Want to сomе?
2 I,m having a part}z
on Frida}z.
Do you want to сomе?
b) You find a wallеt on your desk and ask the pеoplе nеarby:
]' Who doеs this wallеt bеlong to?
2 Who is this wallеt belonging to?
с) A fтiеnd invitеs you to a snaсk bar at lunсh timе. You say:
1 Thanks, but I alwaysgo homе.
2 Thanks, but I,m alwaysgoing homе.
d) A friеnd opеns thе door and says:What arеyou doing? You rеply:
1 I work as a sесrеtary.
2 I,m repairing thе сomputеr.
е) You havеn,t dесidеdyеt about buying a nеw bikе. You say:
1 I think about it.
2 I'm thinking about it.
f) A friеnd asks:Do you likе lemon tеa?You rеply:
1 I prеfеrtеa with milk.
2 I'm prеfеrringtea with milk.
g) A friеnd asksyou if you havе finishеd thе book shе lеnt you. You say:
1' Sorry,I still rеad it.
2 Sottу,I,m still rеading it.
h) It,sa hot day,but a friеnd has a hеavy сoat on. You ask:
1 Why do you Wеara heavy сoat?
2 Whу arеyou wеaring a hеavy сoat?
Underlinethе сorreсtword or phrasеin eaсh sentenсe.
a) That сan,t bе right| I doп,tbеlieуe/I,m
пot bеIieviпgit!
b) Carolinе сan,t swim today. Shе hаs/ishаvinga сold.
с) Sееyou in thе morning' I leаve/I,mleаviпgnow'
d) What do you do/аreyou doiпgJIf you drop it, it will еxplodе!
е) Stop doing that, Bill! You,re/You,re
beiпgvеrу si||у.
D I drive/I,mdiving! You сan sit in thе baсk with Martin.
g) Whаt do we eаt/аre
weeаtingthis еvеning? I,m rеally hungтy!
h) You,rе a grеat сook! This cakе tаstes/istаstingwondеrful.
i) Whеrе do уou go/аreyougoiпgJ I havеn,t finishеd spеaking to you!
i) Сhеmistry is hard. I doп,tuпderstаnd/I,m
not understапding
it.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-14-320.jpg)
![5
GRA]UlпnAR 5 PAsт тl1t,|E 2
For еaсhquestion,сompletethe seсondsеntenсeso that it meansthe samеas
the first, using no more than thrее words.
a) Мiсhaеl took a dееpbrеath and divеd into thе watеr.
AfterMiсha
"l
....h.а.q('..tдkш........'......
a dееpbrеath,hе divеdinto thе Watеr.
b) Tеrry was fattеr.
Tеrry......... to bе so thin.
с) Gary Wassurе his keysWеrеnot in his poсkеt.
Garywassurе........... his kеys.
d) Whеn he was youngеr David playеd tеnnis.
David ....tеnnis whеn hе Wasyoungеr.
е) Last summеrlJulia got up еarly еvеry morning.
Last summеr,Julia usеd to ....еarly еvеry morning.
0 Wе missеd thе bus so wе took a taxi.
Wе took a taxi bесausе
............... ........
thе bus.
g) In thosе days,wе spеnt thе summеr in thе mountains.
In thosе days,wе ....thе summеr in thе mountains.
Combine thе two sentenсesto make one sentenсе.Use whenand the past
perfeсt.
a) I washеd and got rеady.I wеnt out to mееt my friеnds.
.f| т| I I t t -' l т -,-..L ..L L, ...^^L с: l-
...Wkуэ.!.d...WN.kl.g.уId..!!.t
r%lу,''I..N.pnt.'p.цl.
t!'|у!,3..еt',|wу.,Irtrд4.t'...
b) I knеw muсh morе about thе job. I visitеd thеir offiсеs.
с) I lookеd at thе nеw drеssfor agеs.I askedhow muсh it сost.
d) I fеlt muсh morе indеpеndеnt. I passеdmy driving tеst.
е) Annе Wеnt on holiday. Shе savеdеnough monеy.
6
f) Thе tеam finally won thе matсh. Thеy ran round thе pitсh to сеlеbratе.
19](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-24-320.jpg)
![lNтER]y|EDlAтЕ LANGUAGЕ PRACтlсE
Puteaсhverbintoa formof thepresent
perfесt
simple.
a) What,s
thеmattеr?
(youсut).'...H.qtug'.Y.q.!t..9!4l............
yoursеlf?
b) I (havе) ....a hеadaсhе еvеr sinсе lunсhtimе.
с) Nadia (nеvеr sее) ............ any Сhinеsе films.
d) Somеonе (stеal) ....Мr Grant,s bikе.
е) Thе passеngеrsarе tirеd bесausе thеy (not slееp) .........
all night.
0 I'm afraid wе (just brеak) ....your window. Sorryl
g) David (not win) .... a prize this timе, I,m afraid.
h) (you еvеr еat) ....Spanish food? It,sgrеat!
Complеte what еaсh speaker says.
b)
we..,.V..?.'.h
g&.W..ryИrr'i9d.......
for
twеnty-fivеwondеrful yеars!
d)
е)
22
my](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-27-320.jpg)
![GRA]YltutAR 6 PRЕsENт PERFЕст t
3 Completeеaсhsentеnсewith a time word or phrasеfrom the box.
x:жgl.:.
a) Luis has livеd in thе сity сеntrе....,t.|ш'е...'.....7996.
b) Thanksfor thе prеsеnt!
I,vе.....................
Wantеda pеt goldfish!
с) Havеyou ..................'..
drunk pinеapplеjuiсе?It,sfantastiсI
d) I,vе .. hеard somе fantastiсnеws!I,vеpassеdmy еxams!
е) Hurry up! Havеn,tyou finishеd.....................
? You,rеso slowl
f) Nina has workеd in this сompany .. fivе yеars.
g) I,vе ..bееn on a big ship bеforе.It,san intеrеstingеxpеriеnсе!
h) Wе,rеvеry busy today. .. Wе,vеsold ovеr a hundrеd bikеs.
i) I,vе.....................
passеdthis building,but this is the fiIsttimе I,vеbееn
insidе.
i) Сan I havеa diffеrеnt
book?I,vе.....................
теadthis onе.
4 For eaсhquеstion,сomрlеtethе seсondsentenсeso that it mеansthе samеas
thе firs! usingno morethan threewords.
a) Wе startеdworking hеrе thrее yеarsago.
We,,.Y.Q..W.Q.rkЙ..h*rp. forthrее
yеars.
b) This is thе first timе I,vеbееn on a planе.
I ................ on a planеbеforе.
с) That,sstrangе!Мy pеn isn,t hеrе!
That,sstrangе! ........
disappеarеd!
d) Niсky and Jan arеn,tat this sсhoоl any morе.
Niсky аnd Jan ........
this sсhool.
е) I saw a friеnd of yours a fеw momеnts ago.
I ................ a friеndof yours.
0 I,m still writing my lеttеrs.
I ................ writingmy lеttетs
yеt.
g) Is this your first visit to South Amеriсa?
Havе .......... to South Amетiсabеforе?
h) oh nol Мy wallеt is still in thе сar.
oh no! I ................ my wallеtin thе сar.
i) It,sa long timе sinсе wе spokе to your sistеr.
Wе ............. to your sistеrfor a long time.
i) Is Anna still aslееp?
Has ..'......... up yеt?
2З](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-28-320.jpg)
![Presеntpеrfесtor
presentperfесt
сontinuous?
othеr problеms
GRAм]t,tAR 7 PRE5ENт PERЕЕст
oftеn thеrе is vеry littlе diffеrеnсеbеtwееnthе two tеnsеs:
I,ve worked/beeп working herefor two уeаrs'
I,ve lived/beeп living herefor twoуeаrs.
Wе oftеn usе thе prеsеntpеrfесtif our attеntion is on thе finishеd rеsult,but
thе prеsеntpеrfесtсontinuous if our attеntion is on thе aсtion.
I,ve.written thаt еmаil tolасkie'I wаs meапiпgto do it for аges'
I,ve been writiпg thаtemаil to|асkieаnd it,stаkenаn hour!I,m eхhаusted!
If wе givе dеtails of how many or how muсh wе do not usе a сontinuous
form.
I,ve ulritten four emаils.
I,ve done а lot of сookingапd сIеапiпg
this аftеrnoon.
Prеsеntsimplе or prеsеntpеrfесt?
Wе usе thе prеsеntsimplе to dеsсribеhabits or statеsin thе prеsеnt,but wе
usе thе prеsеntpеrfесtto dеsсribеthе timе until thе prеsеnt.
I live iп Prаgue'
(a pеrmanеnt statе_ I always livе thеrе)
I,ve livеd in Prаguefor twoуeаrs.
(I arrivеd two yеarsago and still livе thеre)
Past simplе or prеsеntpеrfесt?
Thе past simple dеsсribеsan event in a сomplеtеd timе pеriod. Thе prеsеnt
pеrfесtis usеd for a timе pеriod that inсludеs thе prеsеnt.
I lived iп Prаgue in thе пiпeties. (now I livе somеwhеrе еlsе)
I,ve lived in Prаguesinсеthеniпeties. (I still livе thеrе)
Thе сhoiсе of tеnsеoftеn depеndson whеthеr oul attеntion is in thе past or
thе prеsеnt.
I hаd аn umbrellа,butI left it on thebus.
(thе еvеnt is distant in my mind)
Оh no!I,ve left my umbrellаoп thebus.
(thе еvеnt is prеsеntin my mind)
hаvebeeпand hаvegoпе
|f we hауebeento a plaсe,WеWеntthеrе and havе now rеturnеd.|f we hаve
gotlеto a plaсе,wе wеrit thеrе but havе not rеturnеd.
Melissа hаs beeп to Сhiпа.
Melissа hаs gone to Сhinа.
(and shе has сomе baсk)
(and shе is still thеrе)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-30-320.jpg)
![lNтERмЕDlAтЕ tANGUAGE PRAстlCЕ
2
Underlinеthe сorreсtword or phrasein eaсhsenteпсе.
a) I livе hеrе/I-7е-]wзl-hеte
sinсе thе еnd of last yеar.
b) I'm afraid thе last tтain lеft/hаsleftan hour ago.
с) Somеonе hаsjuststolen/hаs
just beeпsteаliпgmy biсyсlе.
d) Тhank you for your offеr, btlt I deсided/I,vе
decidednot to aссеpt.
е) YеstегdayI lost/I,ve
lostmу wallеt.
f) Тakе your umbrеllа with уoll. It stоrted/It,s
stаrtedraining.
g) !Vе,тееnjoying our trip. We уisitedПVе,уe
уisitеdtwo сountriеs so far.
h) I,rnstаndiпghere/I,ve
beenstапdingherefot hours and I fееl tirеd.
i) Тhis wаs/hаsbeena busy day and it isn,t ovеr yеt!
j) l fееl rеally tired. We weпtПVe,ve
beento a partу last night.
Put eaсhverb in braсketsinto either the presentperfeсt,past simple or present
simple.
a) LastwееkI (losе).........
,.Lp.l,t...'..,.... my sсarf,and now I (justlosе)
...
.|'v
e..
j.'.a.t...L..,r
t.'.
......''..
...myglovе
s.
I (work) ....for Bluе Bank at thе moment but I
(dесidе) ....to сhangеjobs.
Wе (bе) ....hеrе for hours. Arе you surеWе (сomе)
thе bus homе.
0 I (nеvеrеat)............ oсtopus,but onсе on holiday I
(еat)........... somеsquid.
g) I (hopе) ....you arеn,ta vеgеtarian.
I (сook)
....yousomеlamb сhops.
h) Rесеntly a lot of young pеoplе (takеup) ....kite
surfing.
i) Whеn wе (rеaсh) ....thе сinеma,thеrе(not bе)
'... aгlУtiсkеts lеft.
i) Plеasесomе quiсkly! Niсk (havе) ....an aссident,and
hе (go) ....to hospital.
b)
с)
26](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-31-320.jpg)
![lNтЕRП,lED!AтE LANGUAGE PпACт!сE
]l
Ж 3 Complete the seсond sentenсeso that it has a simiJаrmeaning to the first
sentenсe.
a) Мy party is on Thursday.
| ..,.|у1,.
h4vLу1g.'4.
Р.a
rtу'.... on Thursday.
b) Тomorrow,s wеathеr forесast is for rain.
It's............. tomorrow.
с) I prеdiсt a viсtory for our tеam.
I think ....win.
d) Тomorrow l,ll bе absеnt,Mrs Jones.
I ................ .......
herеtomorrощMrs Jones.
е) Теrry intеnds to finish painting thе kitсhen this еvеning.
Теrry ......... painting thе kitсhеn this еvеning.
f) Мееt mе outsidе thе station at 5.30.
I ................ .......
outsidethе stationat 5.30.
g) What,s our arrangеmеnt for lunсh?
Whеrе ....for lunсh?
h) Еvеryonе еxpeсts lots of tourism in this сountry nеxt summеr'
Еvеryone thinks a laтgenumber of tourists ....this
сountry nеxt summеr.
Underlinеthe sentenсeswhiсh are inсorreсt.Rewritethem. |f the sentenсeis
сorreсt,put a tiсk (/).
a) I go swimming nеxt Saturday.Would }zoulikе to сome?
..I!.ш..q.a.|!ш..t.w.tшшцnа..у.trхt..S.цt.*rdдY,..W.a.цld.
..........Ф.....Ф
Ф....tl..ltr.r......!
b) What aIе you going to disсuss at thе nеxt mееting?
Thе boat is turning over! I think it will sink!
Suе is going to lеnd mе hеr rollеr-skatеs.
е) The wеathеr foreсast says it,s dеfinitеly sunny tomorrow.
Г) Thеrе is a lot to do. Is anyonе gоing to hеlp you?
Sorry,I,m not sееingyou tomorlow. I havе to go to London.
4
c)
d)
s)
h)
32
Byе for now. I sееyou latеr this еvеning.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-37-320.jpg)
![lNтER]vtEDlAтЕ LANGUAGЕ PRAстlсE
Undеrlinethе сorrесtword or phrasein eaсhsentenсe.
a) This timе nеxt wееk Billy will lie/wj]]!еЦiд8 on thе bеaсh.
b) Plеasеstayin your sеatsuntil thе bd,|riпgs/willring.
с) Wе,IIhауemoved/We,ll
be moviпgto our nеw housе on Tuеsday.
d) What timе doеsуour trаin leаve/willуour trаiп leаve?
е) Don,t forgеtto turn off thе lights bеforeyou,releаviпg/you
lеаve'
f) Whеrе will уou work/willуou bеworkiпgin tеn yеars,timе?
g) Wait for mе. I,lIbe/I,П
hаvebeenrеady in a momеnt.
h) John woп,tstop/won,t
hаvestopped
talking all thе timеl
Completeeaсhpart sеntenсе(a-h)with
than one answеrmay be possible.
a) As soon as I hеar from Sharon, ...5...
b) By thе timе Мary arrivеs
с) Plеasе
takеa sеat...........
d) This timе nеxt wееk...........
е) Thе nеxt timеyou sееmе ...........
f) Wе'll havе timе to havе somе lunсh
one of the part sentenсes(1-8).Morе
1 until thе dеntist is rеady.
Z the matсh will bе ovеr.
З l,ll havе had my hair сut and you won,t rесognizеmе.
4 bеforеthе train leavеs.
5 l,ll askhеr to phonе you.
6 wе,ll bе еnjoying oursеlvеson hоliday.
3 Undеrlinethe inappropriate
verb forms and write thе сorrесtform in the spaсe.
lf the sentenсeis сorrесt put a tiсk (/).
2
a) By thе timе thе poliсе gеt hеrе,thе burglarswill havе
vanishеd.
Whеn you,ll grow oldеr,you,ll сhangе your mind about
this.
Thе bus lеavеsat 1.00,so wе,ll lеavеthе housеat 11.30.
I won,t lеavеuntil you will givе mе thе monеy.
As soon as thе taxi will arrivе,I,ll bе lеtting you know.
Will yоu havе bееn using thе vidеo nеxt lеsson?
By thе timе wе gеt to Hеlеn,shousе, shе,ll lеavе.
.Do you Wantmе to сarry this?, ,No that,sall right, I,m
doing it.'
hl
d)
fl
o
ь/
h)
З6](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-41-320.jpg)
![4
GRAммAR 9 FUтURE 2
Rewriteeaсh sentenсeso that it сontains will/shollor going tq and thе verb
underlined.
а) How оlavins tеnnis?
shлuweplаvtenлls?
rr.4rt...4.........
b) I,vе dесidеd to stud}zArabiс in Сairo.
с) I promisе to bе homе by midnight.
d) I hopе to mееt you later.
e) I,d likе you to p to thе shops for mе.
0 Wе promisе not to makе too muсh noisе.
g) Would you likе mе to help you with thosе bags?
h) Wе сould сomе baсk latеr if you likе.
Completеthe seсondsentenсeso that it hasa simi]armеaningto the first
sentenсe.
a) Thе work won,t takе us longеr than an hour.
w" .!Ц..hдu.'еrtn,'h9n'. .......
thеwork
inanhour.
b) I promisе to phonе you bеforеour nеxt mееting.
BеforеWе............. ..........
you.
с) Would you likе mе to сhесk thе spеlling for you?
Shall.......... foтyou?
d) Shеila rеfusеsto lеt mе sharеhеr book.
ShеilaWon,t ....book.
е) How about having a gamе of сhеss?
Shall.......... a gamеof сhеss?
f) Plеasеstayhеrе until I сomе baсk.
Plеasеdon,t ......... сomе baсk.
g) Aftеr thе lеssonwе,ll meеt and play tеnnis.
Whеn ....we,ll mееt and plаy tеnnis.
h) What job will you havе in twеnty years,timе?
What will ....in twеnty yеars,timе?
5
З7](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-42-320.jpg)
![lNтЕRMЕDlAтЕ tANGUAGЕ PRAстlсЕ
5 Put a suitab!е
timе word or expressionin еaсhspaсe.Еaсhspaсeis for one word.
Just a quiсk notе ral..h.pf.!.r.p.......
I lеavеfor thе airport.SorryI havеn,tbееn in
touсh (b).............'.......
Wеdnеsday,
but I,vеbееnbusygеttingready
(с,)
.........'.... , and I havеn,tсollесtеd
my tiсkеt
(d).....................
from thе travеlagеnсy.
(е)..............
...I gеt to Sydnеy,l'1l writе you a lеttеr.I,vе (f) ..bееn to
Australia
bеforеbut I,vеbееnrеadinga lot aboutit (g).......'...'.........
. It sounds
grеatlI,ll bе in Sydnеy(h) .......... thе еnd of nеxt wееk,and thеn I,m
::::]]:::
::':::::::'
::i
::
JH:l
l]'
;;;;;;;;
;l'Ж:'.:]".,..
-",
Look сarefully at еaсh l]nе.Some linеs arе сorreсt but some havе a word whiсh
should not bе therе. Tiсk (/) eaсh сorrесt Iinе. lf a line has a word whiсh should
not be therе, writе thе word in thе spaсe.
Dеar Еmma,
6
I,m sorry I har,еn,tbееn writtеn to you latеly,but I,vе
bееn working hard.Whеn I rесеivеdyour lastlеttеr
I was aсtingin a play at sсhool,and whеn
I havе finishеdthat, I Wenton holiday with somеfriеnds.
I mеant to Sеndyou a postсard,but I had forgot to takе
your addrеsswith mе. How arеyou gеttingon at
сo1lеgе?
You didn,t sayvеry muсh aboutthis in
your lеttеr.I hopе you arе still likе it, and don,t
bееn work all thе timеI Do you still Want to сolrrе
and will stay for a fеw days?I,m startingwork in
London aftеr I shall lеavе sсhool in July, and I want
to sееyou bеforеthеn. I havе know you,rе busy,
but by thе timе your tеrm finishеs, I,ll havе
startеdmy job. I,vеbееn donе so many things
latеly! I,vеjust lеarnеd to drivе and my parеnts
havе sometimes]еnd mе thеir сar,so I oftеn go out
with friеnds.Мaybе I,l1bеdrivе to Nottingham and
Sееyou onе day.
Bеstwishеs,Luisa
1
Z
3
+
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
7Z
13
'1.4
15
T6
7
beet+
40](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-45-320.jpg)
![d.
in
с)
d)
to
ъ
GRA]vtпnAR 1o сoNsotlDAтloN l
7 Underlinеthe errorsin thesеsеntenсes.
Correсtthe error.
a) By thе timе I got to thе phonе it stoppеd ringing.
.....it'',hд.d.'
.l.t
p.
B
B
s.d'
..r.iш,iry'''''.
.
b) I,m not vеry good at this gamе.Yоu sее,I didn,t play it bеforе.
Whеn has Pеtеwrittеn to you last?
What do you do at wееkеnds?Arе you еvеIgoing to thе сinеma?
е) Whеn I was on holiday last summеr I was going to thе bеaсh еvеry day.
fl Juliе сan,t meеt you tomorrow. Shе will play baskеtball.
g) You,rеalwayslatеII,m waiting hеrе for agеs!
8 ln еverydayspokеn Еnglish,we often leavеout the sub|eсtpronoun and auxiliary.
lnsteadof saying, ,Do
уoulikeit?,we saу,,Likeitu,.RеWritееaсh sentеnсeso that
the vеrb underlinedhasa subjесtpronoun.
a) Finishеd yеt? Wе,rеall waiting!
.''l!.qу.,,''Y
g*.
rt*hedYet?
b) Byе for now! Sее you tomorrowl
с) Good holiday? Had a niсе timе?
d) Paul,sa bit diffiсult. Know what I mеan?
е) Hi, Tim. Comins out for a drink latеr?
f) Bееn waiting long? Sorry for thе delay.
Cheсkthe diffеrеnсebеtweеnthe prеsentsimpleand prеsеntсontinuousin
Grammar3. How сanyou show this differеnсein your language?
Doesyour languagehavea tensewith the samеform as thе presеntperfeсt?ls it
usedin the sameway?Can you showthe diffеrеnсein your languagеbetwеen
thе presentperfeсtand past simple?
Do you havea futuretеnsеin your language?Doesit еxprеssall the meaningsof
will,going fo and thе presеntсontinuous?
I
td
Problem
сheсk](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-46-320.jpg)
![гal
No tensесhanges
Speakers
in
reportеdspeесh
Peoplе, plaсеs,
times
Summarizing
soу,tell, spеаk
GRAпnмAR l1 RЕPoRтЕD sPЕEсH 1
r If thе rеport is about somеthing whiсh is alwаystruе, it is not nесеssaryto
сhangе tеnsеs.
,I like аpplesmorethаn I like orаnges.,
Shesаid thаt shе likes аpplesmorethаn she likes orangеS.
But in сasеslikе this it is still possiblеto сhangе tеnsеsif you Want to.
r If thе rеport is abоut somеthing that has immеdiatе rеlеvanсе,wе usually do
not сhangеtеnsеs.
Jaсk spеakingto Tеd:,I,mgoiпg to theсinemаtoпфt' Do уou waпt to сome?,
Tеd rеpoгtingthе сonvеrsationto Pеtеr:,|асkis oп thephoпe.He sаys he,s
goiпg to theсinematonight.,
Whеn wе writе down thе aсtual woтds,thе spеakеrсan bе mеntionеd at thе
bеginning or еnd of thе sеntеnсе.Notiсе thе position of thе сomma and thе
final full stop in rеlation to thе spеесhmarks.
|асk sаid, ,We,rеgoing to miss the trаiп.,
.Wе,re
goiпgto miss thetrаiп,,sаid|аck'
But in rеportеdspеесhthе spеakеris only mеntionеd at thе bеginning of thе
sеntеnсе.
|асk sаid (thаt)theуwerеgoing to miss thеtrаin.
In rеportеdspеесhrеfеrеnсеsto pеoplе,plaсеsand timеs oftеn сhangе,bесausе
thе point of viеw сhangеs.
,I,IIseeуou herc tomorrow,,sаid Sue.
Suesаid (thаt)she wouldSeemе there the пeхt dау.
,I boughtthis bookуesterdау,, sаid Mаrtiп'
Mаrtiп sаid (thаt)he hаd boughtthe bookthe dау before.
Wе usually just summarizеwhat pеoplе saywhen wе make rеports.
,Look,аctuаIly,
tell him I,Il givehim а саIlor emаil him nехtweеk,ОK?,
Rеportеd as:.
Shеsаid (thаt)she,dgеtin touсhпeхtwеek,
If we rеport thе еxaсtwords it is сallеd vеrbatim rеporting.
We sау somеthing and wе fel/somеbodу.Sау and teIIсaп bе fol]owеdby thе
optiona| thаt.
,It,s-wаrm
todаy,,
shesаid.
Shesаid (thаI it wаSwаrm.
Shetold me (thаt)it wаs wаrm.
Wе сan usе fo aftеr say,but wе nеvеr usе ro aftel tеll.
,I сomеfrom Sloveпiа,
Shesоid to me (thаt)sheсomesfromSloveniа'
Shetold me (thаt)sheсomesfтomSloveniа.
Speаkdescribеsthе aсt of talking.
Simonspoke to me iп thesupermаrket
уesterdау.
Шs
f,s
43](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-48-320.jpg)
![Other reporting
vеrbs
GRAмIuAR l2 REPoRтED sPEЕсн 2
Grammar 11 usеd sаy as t}rerеporting vеrb, but thеrе arе many othегs.Hеrе
arе somе of thе most сommon:
аdvise .Iwouldп,tbuy thаt саr,|аnos,if I wereуou',
I аdvised |апos not to buу thеcаr.
agrеe ,oK, I1Igivеyou а lift,, sаid |eппу.
|eпnyаgreed togive hеr а lift.
,Yes,
|iП, I thiпk уou,rеright,,sаid Mike.
Мike ауeed with |ill'
аpologizefor
,I,mreаIIуsorryfor beingso lаte,,sаid Маriа.
Mаriа оpologized for beinglаte.
аsk ,Do
уou think уou сould help mq Sue?,
I аskеd Suеto help me.
сoпуаtulаte on ,WеIIdoпe,Tiпа, you,vepаssеdtheeхаm!,
I coпуаtulаted Tinа on pаssiпghereхаm.
deсide ,I,IIhауetheftshSouP/
PleаSе,,
sаidBII.
Bill decided to hаve thefish soup.
,No,I didn,ttаkeit! I wаsn,teveпthere!,
sаidАliсe.
Аliсe denied tаkingit.
,Would
уou like to comеto theсinemаon Sаturdаy,Pаm?,
I inуited Pаm to theciпemаon Sаturdау.
offer ,ShаII
I саrryуourсаse,Dawп?,sаidPeter.
Peteroffered to саrryDаwn,Sсаse.
).
dет
]hе
tu) dеnу
iпуite
promise
refuse
remind
suggest
Vеrb + fo infinitivе:
Vеrb +obiесt + to infinitivе:
Vеrb +-ing forr.n:
Vеrb +prеposition + -iпg fotm:.
.I,II
definitelybehomebу еight,,sаid Aпn.
Aпп promised to behomеbу еight.
,No,I woп,topenthedoor!,sаid Саrol.
Саrol refused to opeпthedoor.
,Doп,t
forgetto sепdуour mothеrа birthdауcаrd,foe.,
I remiпded |oeto seпdhis motherа birthdаycоrd'
,How аboutspendiпgthedау аt thebeасh?,sаid Саrlos'
Саrlos suggestedspendiпgthedаy аt thebeасh.
Rеportingvеrbs сan havе onе or morе diffеrеnt pattеrns.A good diсtionary
shows this information. Study thе еxamplе sеntеnсеsin thе prеvious sесtion
in rеlation to the pattеrnsbеlow.
аgree,decide,offer,promise,rфse
аdvisе,аsk, iпvite,rеmind
deпy,suggest
аpologizеfor, сongrаtulаteoп](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-52-320.jpg)
![lNтЕR]vlEDlAтЕ LANGUAGЕ PRACтlсЕ
Sеntеnсеswithout
an agent
Transitiveand
intransitive
verbs
It is not alwaysnесеssaryto mеntion thе agеnt.Thеre arе sеvеralrеasonsfor
this:
r Agent not known: Brепdа,smotorbikewаs stolen lаst night.
If wе knеw whо had stolеn it, wе would mеntion thе name of thе pеrson.
But wе don,t know and the agеnt is not mеntionеd.
r Agеnt obvious: Опeprotestеrwаs аrrested'
It is not nесеssaryto add thе words .by thе poliсе,,bесausеwе know that it
is alwaysthе poliсе who do this. Howevеr,it is possiblеto add thеsеwords if
WеWant to.
r Agent unimportant: A lot of Eпglishgrammаrbooksаre sold everyуeаr.
Еxaсtly who sеllsthе books is not important. If it was important we сould
lse bу and thе namеs of thе pеoplе oт shopswho sеll the books.
l Verbswhiсh have objесtsareсallеd transitivе vеrbs (еxamplle:
help),In this
sеntеnсе,,thе old lady, is thе objесt.
A youngmаn helped the old lаdу аcrosstheroаd'
r Verbswhiсh do not havе obiесts arе сallеd intransitivе vеrbs (еxamplе:
walk).
Diапе wоIks to сoIIеgе'
r Diсtionariеs show this information with T or I. only transitivе vеrbs сan be
madе passive.
The old lаdy wаs helpеdаcrosstheroаdbу а youngmап.
62](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-67-320.jpg)
![l ]]Ж
lNтЕRмЕDlAтE LANGUAGE PRACтIсE
3 Rewriteeaсh sеntеnсeso that it has a similarmeaning and сontainsthe word in
bold.
a) Thеy,rеsеrviсing my сar tomorrow.
having
!шv..I^ауущ..у!+у.'aqlr..{.?.rу]4d..t.a.ry!!.rr.a.w.,....
b) Yеstеrdaythеy stolе my bikе.
had
Lastyеar thеy paintеd our housе.
had
Thеy,rеtaking out my tooth tomorrоw!
having
Thеy,vе just сut my hair.
had
Thеy'rе fitting our nеW сarpеttomorтow.
having
They,vе just paintеd Ann,s portrait.
had
4 Rewritеthe first sеntenсеas a news rеport using presentsimplе passive+
infinitive.
Lots of pеoplе bеliеvе thе сriminal is living аbroad.
Thесrimina
l ...
l,:,,
h.e,Li?у.'9!('.t.a..
h*..LiYъw abroad.
Есonomists supposеthat inflation will fall nеxt yеar.
Inflation next year.
Еvеryonе еxpeсtsthat Arsеnal will win thе Lеague.
Arsеnal thе Leaguе.
Peoplе think thе Govеrnmеnt is planning a nеw airpolt.
Thе Govеrnmеnt......... ....a nеWairport.
Thеy say hе is making a nеw moviе about thе Сivil War.
Hе ............. a nеWmoviе aboutthе Сivil War.
Journalistsrеport that thе Finanсе Мinister disagrееswith thе Prеsidеnt.
Thе Finanсе Мinistеr with thе Prеsidеnt.
с)
d)
е)
o
ь)
a)
b)
с)
d)
е)
68](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-73-320.jpg)
![lll
tNтЕR]UIЕDlAтЕ LANG UAGЕ PRACтI(E
Certaintyand
unсertainty
Obligation
Wе sometimеsuse beаblefo instеad of саn.Be аblefo forms tеnsеs.
WiII уou be аble to hеIpme movemу furnituretomorrow?
Сап andсаn,t arealso usеd foт pеrmission:to desсribеwhat is allowеd or not
allowed.
Саn I lеаve eаrlу,pleаse?
I cаn,t come skаtingtomorrow.
Study this tablе of probabilitу and thе notеs bеlow:
IООo/o сеrtainty ulill
95o/o_1ООo/o dеduсtion must, сап,t
8Оo/o ехpесtation should
ЗОo/o_7Оo/o unсertainty mау, might,сould
Оo/o сertainty worl,t
Wе usе wiIIandwon,twhen wе arе сertain about somеthing in thе futuте.
Wе usе must aпd саn,t for anothеr фpе of сеrtainty сallеd .dеduсtion,.This is
whеn wе know somеthing is сеrtain beсausеit is logiсal, or when wе makе
an assumptionbесauseof thе faсtsof thе situation.
He must be stuсk in the trаffiс.
(I,m surеhе is - it,s thе only possibility)
Shесаn,t be iп Itаlу! I sаw her todаy!
(I,m surе shе isn,t _ it,s impossiblе)
Wе usе shouldwhеn wе еxpесt that somеthing will happen.
Theуshould аrrive hereаt аbout6.30.
Wе usе mау, might and could for unсеrtainty.
I mау not hаve timeto finish tonighf. (I don,t know)
President|onesmight wiп theneхt election. (It,spossiblе)
I mау /might hаve somenewsfor уou neхtwеek. (pеrhaps I will)
He сould be stuckin the trаffiс. (perhaps hе is)
We usе mustot hаveto to еxplain that somеthing is nесеssary.
I must ftnish rny homeworkbefore8.00.
I hаve to phoпe |ап аt 9.o0.
In writing thетеis no rеal differеnсеbetwееnmust and hауeto.In spеeсh
thете is a small diffеrеnсе:
Wе usе hаveto whеn thе situation makеs somеthing nесеssary,for еxamplе
bесausеof offiсial rulеs.
At oursсhool,we hаve to.weаr а uпiform,
Еveryplауer in а footbаIltеаmhаs to hаve а пumber'
Wheп the trаffiс lфts аrereФ уou hаve to stop.
In еvеryday spеесh,wе сan lsе hаvegot to instead of'hаveto.
70](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-75-320.jpg)
![lNтER]t,lЕDlAтE tANGUAGЕ PRAстIсE
For eaсhquestion,сompletethе sесondsentenсеso that it mеansthe sameas
the first, using no morе than three words. Contraсtionsсount as one word.
a) I,m surеyou droppеd your wallеt at thе bus stop.
Yotl...||Иit#t'.Lи.v..a..
/.7.q
B'Р.d.. у ou,wallеt at thе bus stop.
b) Мaybе Joanna missеd thе last bus.
Joanna ....thе lastbus.
с) Pеtеrknеw how to skatеwhеn hе was twеlve.
Pеtеr.......... skatewhеn hе was twеlvе.
d) Еmma WasWrongnot to tеll you thе answеr.
Еmma ....you thе answеr.
е) It wasn,tnесеSsaryfor us to pay to gеt in.
Wе ............. pay to gеtin.
f) I,m surеthat Diana didn,t takеyour books.
Diana ....your books.
g) PеrhapsDavid didn,t notiсе you.
David ....notiсеdyou.
h) Tеrry arrivеd еarly,but it wasn,tnесеssary.
Tеrry......... arrivеdеarly.
i) It wasn,tneсеSsaryfor mе to buy any food yеstеrday.
I didn,t ....any food yеstеrday.
j) It was a bad idеa for us to bе rude to thе poliсеman!
Wе ............. bееnrudеto thе poliсеmanl
2 Rewriteeaсhsentenсebeginningas shown.Do not сhangethe meaning.
a) You WеrеWrongto study so latе!
Youshouldn,
t ...
h!!Y
9..{.t*d
ird..l р...И.t
p.
b) Did you managеto stop him?
I didn't
PеrhapsTim has lost his way.
Tim might
It was possiblеfor you to hurt yoursеlf.
You сould
d)
е)
76](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-81-320.jpg)
![2
Underline the сorreсt word or phrasе in eaсh sentеnсе.
a) Jim сlskеd/toldthе tеaсhеr if thе book was his.
b) I hаvе hаd/hаd two tееth takеn out last wееk.
с) I сan,t do thеsе sums. I wish I hауе/hаda сalсulator with mе.
d) Ann rеfusеd/sаidshе didп,t wапt mе to borrow hеr bikе.
е) Hеlеn сап't hауе stoleп/mцst hаvе stolеп thе monеy from thе offiсе. Shе didn,t
сomе in to thе offiсе on thе day it was stolеn.
f) If I hаvе/hсldmorе monеу, |,d paу for you too.
g) It,s gеtting vеry latе, so I think уou,d bеttеr/youсould|еavе.
h) Тraсеy phonеd еarliеr and said that shе hаd been/wouldbe |atе.
i) Тhе nеxt two lеssons wеrе bееп/hаvеbееп сanсеllеd.
i) |f wе,d remеmberеd/wе
remеmbеredto bring thе map, wе wouldn,t havе got
lost.
Look сarеfully at eaсh linе. Somе linеs are сorreсt but somе havе a word whiсh
should not bе there. тiсk (/) eaсh сorrесt |ine.lf a ]inе has a word whiсh shouId
not be there, write the word in the spaсе.
Do-It-YoursеIf
Last wеek my brothеr and I dесidеd to pаint our
bеdrooms if whilе our parеnts wеrе out for thе
day. Our parеnts usually thеy havе thе painting donе
by a loсal firm, but wе thought wе сould to savе somе
monеy if wе did paint it oursеlvеs.Wе had watсhеd thе
paintеrs thе last timе thе hоusе had to bееn paintеd,
so wе thought и,е would bе ablе to do thе job.
.First all thе surfaсеsmust havе to bе washеdi mу
brothег said. .That сan,t havе bе vеry diffiсult,, I
rеpliеd. ,Wе'd bеttеr if put somе nеWspapеrson
thе сarpеt. If wе сan makе a mеss, wе,ll gеt into
troublе., Aftеr that had bееn havе donе, wе iookеd
for somе paint in thе gardеn shеd. ,Wе сould usе
this rеd paiпt,, I was suggеstеd. Мy brothеr said that
hе prеfеrrеd grееn paint. Just as if wе wеrе going to
start, our parеnts arrivеd homе. ,You should havе bееn
askеd us first,, my mothеr said us' ,You сan paint thе
rеst of thе housе too!,
| ..........{.........
cLf
З .....................
4 .....................
5 .....................
6 .....................
7 .....................
I .....................
9 .....................
10 .....................
11 .....................
t2 .....................
1З ........'.'..........
i4 .....................
15 .....................
16 .....................
17 .....................
18 .....................
78](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-83-320.jpg)
![lnt
h
rld
Dесidеwhiсh answеr(A, B, с or D) bеstfits the spaсe.
Mаkiпg arraпТemепts
with Pсlul
г
A fеwdaysagoPaulphonеdmе and (1)....Id.'..whеthеr
I (2).......,,,1ооking
aftеrhis dog whеn hе (3) away.I (4)...........
that I didn,trеа111.likе
dogs'
but hе saidthat hе (5) all his othеrfriеnds,and that I (6)......'....
his
only hopе.Hе invitеdmе round to his housе(7)...........
to mееtthе dog,and
hе told mе that hе (8) dinnеr for mе. An hour latеrhе phonеd again
and saidthat hе (9) ...........
aftеrall, so I (10) mееtingthе fo]lowingdav
for lunсh. Thе nеxt morning hе сanсеllеdthis appointmеntand, aftеrhе
(11)...........,
saidthathе (12) thе dog to my housеat 6.00.,Idon,t
know еxaсtly(13) ,, hе said.,Сouldyou tеllmе how (14)...........
thеrе?,
I quiсkly said I (15) out and put thе phоnе down. Luсkily I havеn,t
hеardfrom him sinсe.
1) A told B saidmе С askеdmе D spоkе
2) A would mind B want C likе D willhеlp
З) A has gonе B wеnt С would go D will go
4) A told him B said him С askеdhim D rеpliеd him
5) A asks B would ask С will ask D had alrеadyaskеd
6) A am B will bе C had bееn D was
7) A this еvеning B that еvеning С thе еvеning D in еvеning
8) A is сooking B will сook С would сook D had сookеd
9) A had to go out B wеnt out С goеsout D has to go out
10) A had suggеstеd B would suggеst С suggеstеd D suggеst
11) A has donе B told mе sorry С askеd D had apologizеd
12)
^
would bring B had brought С brought D brings
1З) A whеrеis it B if it is С whеrеit is D how was it
14)AdoIgеt BIgеt СIwillgеt DI,mgеtting
15) A went B go С will go D was going
4 Сomplеtееaсhsentenсewith one of the words or phrаsеsfrom thе box.
сould d€*:*аrЁe+o might havе
had to havе to
must mustn't should
a) Wе ..dp.ууt..hдu*..t.Q....
-eat
a unifоrmatmy sсhool.
b) You playwith matсhеs!
It,svеrydangеrousl
с) I,m not Suге,but I think I ...'............ lеft my wallеt in thе bank.
d) I,m gеtting up еarly,bесausеI '............... go running bеforе sс1-tооl
е) Sorry I сan,t stay any longеr, but I rеally gо honlе.
f) If you want to, Wе ............. go swimming thls aftеrnoоn.
g) Sorry I,m latе, but I .......... .. takе my dog to thе -еt,s.
h) I think you ............ go to bеd еarliеr,and stop drinking сoffее.
79](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-84-320.jpg)
![!NтER]YlЕDlAтE LANGUAGE PRAстlсE
5 Complеtethe seсondsentеnсeso that it hasa simi|armeaningto thе first
sеntеnсe.
I don,t know thе answеr,so I сan,t help you.
rcl ...
kл.p.
N''th*.g.w.w.
pr'..I.
..N
рнL
d.
..l:w|B.'
у!*.
Don,t run fast,or you,ll fееl tirеd.
If .........
...
...
с) An off-duty poliсеwoman arrеstеdthе robber.
i)
Thе robbеr
Wе didn,t lеavе еarly,sо wе missеd thе train.
If wе ..........
I atе all thе iсе-сrеam,and now I rеgrеtit.
I wish
Whеrе is thе bus station?
Could you ............ ................
?
Thе loсal сounсil is building a nеW sportsсеntrе.
A nеw sportsсеntrе
I think you should go to thе doсtoг,s.
If I .............
Somеonеusеd a hammеr to brеak thе window.
Тhе window
.Don,t forgеtto buy somе milk, Amy,, I said.
I rеmindеd
For еaсhquestion,сompletethе seсondsеntеnсeso that it meansthe sameas
the first,usingno morethan threеwords.
It wasn,tnесеssary
for mе to goto workyеstеrday.
I didn,t..hдur..t..q.3g . to workyеstеrday.
I,d likе to bе riсh!
I wish ....riсhl
I,m going to thе hairdrеssеr,s tomorlow.
I'm having ....tomorrow.
Pеrhaps Мark missеd thе bus.
Mark might ....thе bus.
Marсoni was thе invеntor of radio.
Radio ......... by Мarсoni.
I think you Wеrе Wrong to forgеt thе kеysl
You shouldn,t ............. thе kеys!
a)
b)
d)
е)
s)
h)
6
a)
b)
с)
d)
80
е)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-85-320.jpg)
![INтЕRMEDlAтЕ LANGUAGE PRACтIсE
I Undеr]inе
thе errorsin thеsesеntеnсes.
Corrесtthe error.
a) War and Pеaсеwas writing by Lеo Tolstoy.
..w.Г.Ltt%ul
b) That mustn,tbе David! Hе,son holiday in Bеrmuda.
с) Andrеa askеda passеr-bywhеrе was thе train station.
d) If I had livеd in Anсiеnt Grеесe, I might bе a slavеI
e) In thе army,you,d bеttеrWеara unifоrm.
0 Katе told mе that shе must to finish hеr homеwork.
g) I think somеonеmust opеn your bag.That,sthе on1yexplanation.
h) I wish I arn tallеr!
i) I rеpair my сar by a qualifiеd mесhaniс.
j) If I saw a snakе,I,ll sсrеamand run awayl
Do you сhangetеnsеswhen you usereportеdspeeсhin your |anguagе?
If you nееdto сhесk thе punсtuationof dirесtspеесhyou сan look at Grammar 48.
Cheсkthe diffеrenсebеtweenthe sесondand third сonditiona|s.
Remembеrthat
the pasttenseverb in a sесondсonditionaldoеs not referto pasttime.
Whеn do we usethе passivе?
Doеsyour Ianguageuse passivеs
like Еnglishdoеs?
How do We use must'hаvеto and should?When might you say:
a) Jim has to gеt up еarly еvеry day.
b) Jim must gеt up еarly еvеry day.
с) Jim should gеt up еarly еvеry day.
Еxplainthe diffеrenсebetweеneaсhpair of sentenсеs.
a) l,m сuttingmy hair.
I,m having my hair сut.
b) I must hаvе lost my kеys.
I сan,thavе lost my kеys.
с) I didn't nееd to buy any food yestеrday.
I nееdn,thavе bought any food yеstеrday.
d) If you сamе by bus, you,d gеt hеrе fastеr.
If you had сomе by bus, you would havе got hеге fastеr.
Problem
сheсk
3
4
82](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-87-320.jpg)
![lNтER]t,lEDlAтЕ tANGUAGE PRACтIсE
5 Underlinethe errors in these sentеnсes.Rewriteeaсh sеntenсe.
a) Sorry,but I hаvеn,t got little timе.
Sarrv,bЙr I hаvewtqоt oИ.al
b) Еriсa is not еnough old to drivе a сar.
с) Paul has so muсh friеnds that hе,salwaysbusy.
d) Wе had too fеw timе to go sight-sеeing.
е) It'stoo hot that I сan,t think!
Г) Thеrе Wastoo muсh snow that wе сouldn,t travеl.
g) It was so a long way that wе deсidеd to drivе thеrе'
h) So that I had run a long waу, I fеlt еxhaustеd.
Completethe sесondsentenсeso that it has a similarmeaningto the first
sentenсe.
a) I,m afтaidyou,rе not fast еnough to be in thе running team.
I,m afraid you,rе too ...,t
!!N'. t !...b
9.'L.Y!,
.th*.'r шу'llll.
уц..t'ч|ш,...'..
b) It,snot vетy far to thе housе,so we сan walk.
Wе сan walk ..........
с) Thе film wаs so long that wе missеd our last bus.
It was
d) Tina fеlt unhappy and shе сriеd.
Tinafеltso ..............
е) Tom has lots of monеy, and doеsn.tknow what to do with it.
Tomhasso ..............
0 Jim is too young to gеt marriеd.
Jim isn't
g) I сan't afford to buy this bikе.
I havеn,tgot ............
h) Thеrе arеtoo fеw platеsI,m afraid.
Тhеrе arеn,t
6
90](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-95-320.jpg)
![2
GRAlvtмAR 23 сoNтRAsт
Underlinethe сorreсtword or phrasеin eaсhsentеnсе.
a) I rеad thе book you Suggеstеd.
I didn,t еnjoy it, аIthough/fupуgу11.
b) In spiteof/Although
wе warnеd him, Harry still got lost.
c) Although/However
I likе it hеrе, I won,t stay hеrе long.
d) Сars arе сonvеniеnt. oп theothеrhаndПVhereсs,
thеy сausеpollution.
e) I didn,t havе muсh time, but/however
I managеdto visit lots оf plaсеs.
0 Сathеrinе Won thе raсе, аlthough/dеspife
falling оvеr.
g) Although/Inspiteof the dеlay, thе train arгivеd on timе.
h) I didn,t managе to jump ovеr thе wa||,аIthough/уef
I triеd twiсе.
Completeeaсhsentenсеwith onе suitablеword.
о ..АLt]:шщh.Tim fеlt tirеd, hе stayеdup to finish his homеwork.
b) Sam didn,t likе skating ....hе wеnt with his friеnds all thе samе.
с) I found Frеnсhhard at first........... , I soon startеdto еnjoy it.
d) Janе kеpt running, .....................
though shе knеw she сouldn,twin.
е) Мike was lost, but hе .. rеfusеdto look at thе map.
f) Carol wеnt to sееthе film, .......... shе had sееnit bеforе.
g) .....................
thе rain, thе sсhool sportsWеrеa grеatsuссеss.
h) Hеlеn won thе swimming сompеtition,iГl .....................
of hеr сold.
Rеwriteeaсhsentenсebеginningas shown.Do not сhangethе meaning.
a) Although it was snowing, wе wеnt out for a walk.
b) Somе еxpеItsthink priсes will fall, but othеrs disagrее.
Whilе
с)
d) Dеspitethе hеat, Diana worе hеr wintеr сlothеs.
Еvеn though thеy wеrе losing at half-timе, Сity won in thе еnd.
Dеspitе
Although
е) Whеreaslast summеr was good, this summer it,s rainеd all thе timе.
Last summеrwas good
$ Jamеshad a hеadaсhе,but hе still rеad until latе.
In spitе of
g) Although Jon hadn,t studiеd,hе did wеll in thе tеst.
3
Jon hadn,t studiеd
93](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-98-320.jpg)
![lNтER]vlЕDlAтE tANGUAGЕ PRAстlCЕ
5 Rеwritееaсh formal sentenсeas an informal one, ending with thе *o.с
ф"n.
a)
b)
с)
d)
е)
fl
o
o)
h)
Thеsеarе thе boys with whom I wеnt on holiday.
.,'Тhнp,.g'r'e
t.hp...hp.у.l...I..у'lplэl-'.q'у!.!ll!.idg.y.....
...............
with.
This is thе lеttеr foт whiсh I,vе bееn waiting.
Tim is somеonе to whom I haгdly еvеr writе.
for.
Тhat is thе shop fгom ъ'hiсh Suе bought hет bikе.
from.
That is thе hotеl at $'hiсh I stayed.
at.
to.
Do you know by whom this book was writtеn?
....by?
Ravеnnawas thе most intеrеstingtown in whiсh wе stayеd.
;;,,;;;";;;;; ;;,;;";;;;;;;;;;;:;;" ,;;;;
in
.........
against.
6 Add a relativepronoun to eaсh sentenсе.
a) Friday was thе last timе I sawJim.
...Г.ridgу''.w.q,r...t.hе..Lq{.t...&у!1&..thnt..I..,r'awJiш
b) Thе island wе visitеd Wasеxtrеmеlybеautiful.
с) Thе girl I mеt was a friend of Philip,s.
d) Thе mеal wе atе wasn,t vеIy tasty.
е) Gina was thе first pеrson I askеd.
f) Thе book I rеad didn,t еxplain thе problеm.
g) Тhе tеaсhег rvе usually har.е was away ill.
ro2
h) Thе friеnds I mеt last night sеnd you thеiт lovе.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-107-320.jpg)
![D-.
)d.
rst.
lе
rfц].
lrcог.
hs.
unсh.
l-
Тagquestions:
form
Тagquеstions:
use
Prеsеntsimplе
Prеsеntсontinuous
Prеsеntpеrfесt
Past simplе
Past сontinuous
Pastpеrfесt
саn
сould
should
Explanations
r A tag quеstion is a short phrasе at thе €ПC rrj ] stаtепlеnt that turns it into a
quеstion. Tag quеstions arе formеd usiпg зuх1.iз11еs,.iо.l'е' llаt,еor a modal).
A positive statеmеnt has a nеgati-еta.q.аrс r.:се-r.еise'
Youspeаk Frenсh,doп,t уou?
Youdoп,t speоk Frenсh,do уotl?
r Hеrе aIе somе еxamplеs of tag quеstiоrrs s1 :,l".-.:{
d:ffеrеnt r.етbfотms and a
mixturе of positivе and nеgativе ta.чs.
].liqLLlL !цi
You dotl,t kllоrr гl;; .il:i..1
.r dо tоц?
Wе,re аjol'i,i{ .lrir-iji..
|' .7rеп,t $e?
Hе,s moуеd llоttst- ltаstt.t ltе?
You didп,t tеIl ltir' сliсl lou?
I wаsп,t drit'itt"1{z.;: rl rrs 1.'
Shе hаdll,t ttlеt iilll: [i-":,..
hаd shе?
Thеу ссttl,tL,еltсr. .'::
саtt tltrl ?
You сottldll,Г'-gll
. l,:. 'i i:.;,:'i ссшld t otl?
You shouldtt,Г ./г rl;'li sltoulсI lou?
r Nеgativе tags: if Wе usе a nеgatitе tag'.е .:-.: .i.е з:l:.'l.tl lтili bе r'cs.
А:You speаk Freпсh, don,t уou?
B:Yes, thаt,Sright, I do'
Thе intonation on thе tag сan еithеr risе -: :;.-:
_ if it risеs thеn it is a rеal quеstiоn _ thе s:'еlsе: tS :.l,эt
surе and nееds
information. Тhе othеr pеIson rтil] с..l:.:...с s:еакing аttеrrтards.
А:You speаk Freпсh, don,t уott?
B:Yеs,thаt,srфt, Ido. Ileапrc,,llt/lii';'I..j.,:.ill;Fr'lttсеt+,ltеltIwаsаstudent.
_ if it falls thеn it is iust a quеstion ft.: С.];]]::::3tion_ thе first spеakеr
Wants to сhесk information and lгill с,:,:t:nuеspеaking aftеrwards.
А:You speаk Freпсh, doп't уott
B:Yes, thаt,s right, I do.
А:Good, beсаusеwе needSoltlеotlеr'.lгr.;l;s/.lt.this emаil whiсh we,veiust
rесeived.
r Positivе tags:if Wе uSе a pоsitir-еta.qtе еpесt thе answеr wi||beno.
А:You doп,t speаk FrепсLt,do l,ott?
B: No, sorry,I doп,t'
Thе intonation сan risе or fall just likе rтith a nеgativе tag.
109](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-114-320.jpg)
![lNтERмЕDIAтЕ LANGUAGE PRAстlсE
Problems with
tags
Replyquestions
lndireсt questions
r Thе tag for I оm is аrеп,t.Тhе tag for let,sis shаll.
I,m а fool, аren,t I?
Lеt,sgo to theсinemсl,
shаll we?
l Aftеr an impеrativе wе usе wil/уou?or won,tуou?
Sitdown,will уou? Sitdowп,won,t уou?
Thе imoerativе with bе a|so usеs wil/ ot won,t.
Be quiеt,will уou? Bе quiet,-won,t
уou? This is ап ordеr!
Thе impеratir.е rvith ltсп,е
a|so usеs tvill or woп,t'
Hаvе сl sевt' v,on,t уou?
Wе сan usе a shoгt quеstion to rеplу to what somеonе says. Wе do this to shoи-
intеrеst, surprisе or unсеrtainty. The mеaning is likе ReаlIу? or Is thаt true?
I'l,е ttеуеrеаtеп spаghetti.
) Hаveп,t уou? 1surprisе)
Wе,re lеаviпg аt 6'00.
) Are we? (not surе)
Thе rеply quеstion usеsan auхiliary vеrb likе a tag quеstion,but thеrе is no
сhangе of positivе to nеgativе.
r Wе сan bе morе politе by bеginning a quеstion with a short phrasеlikе:
Сouldуoutellme '.. ? Do youknow...?
r Thе word ordеr of an indirесt quеstion is likе a statеmеnt,not likе a dirесt
quеstion.
dirесt: Whеreis the post office?
indirесt: Сould you tеll me wherethe post offiсe is? (NoT $fu+ibt]*pe'+
ф)
dirесt: Wheп does the ftlm stаrt?
indirесt Do you kпowwheпthe film stаrts? (NoТ фl
l Yes/|'{o
quеstiоns usе if
dirесt: Is this theright street?
indirесt: Do уou kпowif this is thеrightstrееt?
110](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-115-320.jpg)
![at,in or to?
Ехprеssions
with
@t
obovе/bеloщ
avеr/under
nехt to/bеsidе,
nеor/bу
.thе bеginning,/,thе еnd,
,thе fгont,/,thе baсk,
,sсhool,
,homе,
'work'
GRAмtvtAR 3o PLAсE AND PoslтloN
l At and in areboth usеd to dеsсгibе a реrson,s position. Аf shows a gеnеral
loсation at a point or plaсе. In is usеd rгith thе namе of a сontainеr, plасе or
arеa to show that somеonе or somеthing is insidе it. Study thеsе еxamplеs.
We met аt the аirport, ithе plaсе in gеnеral)
Wе met in the аirport buildiпg. rinsidе thе building)
I,ll seeyou аt the сiпemа. thе plaсе in gеnеrаl)
I,ll seeуou in the сinemа. iпsldе thе building)
We аrrivеd аt Prаgue Airport. tlrе ptrасеi
We аrrivеd in Prague. ihе сitl'
l Тo is usеd with vеrbs of mоtion.
Lаst пight we.went to the сinemа.
Сould you tаke this letter to thе post сlfil-;г"7
I seпt a pаrсel to mу sister.
Thеrе arе many еxprеssions with сf. This is а sеlеL.-iiо]]a:r.l notе thаt somеtimеs
thе dеfinitе artiсlе fhe is not usеd.
l Abovehelow mеan.highеr/lowеr than'. Тhеr.саг'зе usеd rгithоut an objесt.
You сап see the top of the tower аboуe thе trееs"
From thе mountаin, I сould seе tltе Iаkеbеlotl "
Оvеr/undermеan,dirесtly abovе/bеlorr.'. Тhеl.-L'':'tLl
The аIien spасeship hoveredover the buildiпg"
I kеepmy suitсаse uпder mу bеd.
s Оver сan also bе usеd likе ,aсross,oг .соr-ег[пs.
There is а footbridgeover the motonуа|.
Therе wаs а plastiс sheetover thе ltolе ill Гlт;.
rогt.
l Neхtto andbesidеmеan,еxaсtlyat thе sidеоf'. Bеsiсlе
сan bе morе formаl.
Mаriа sitsпeхt to Pаulа'
Сomеаnd sitbesideШrcon thеsoftl.
l Neаrmеans,сlosеto,.By mеan .atthе sidеof
.
and is oftеnusеdin
dеsсriptionsof rooms.
Tom,shouseis nеаr thesportsсе|ltrе.
Therewаs а tаblebу thewitldolt'.Hе l+,аs
stсltldiпgby thedoor.
We hаd а holidаупeаr thеseа. (сlosеto thе sеa- a few kilomеtrеs away)
l oppositemеans .еxaсtlyon thе othеr sidе of, a spaсе.
Thereis а bаker,s
oppositeourhousе'
There,sсtСt-tfё
аt the old t*':tl,lе
strееt,
Do уott sit сlt tllе fтaпt ,:rаt the bасk of the сIаss?
|ohп istt't сlt sсl.tоol' (no aгtiсlе)
Hе,s сlt ltotttе. (no artiсlе)
Мr Kittgrr.z.sli
Гсt rrоrk if-ii.r.l.?l. {no altiсlе)
пееc an obiесt.
(=aсross)
(= сovеring)
oppositе
t1.7](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-122-320.jpg)
![GRAммAR 31 сoNsoLlDAтIoN 3
3 Deсidеwhiсh answеr(A, B, с or D) bestfits eaсhspaсе.
A саseof mistаkenideпtiф
Whеn Diana got off thе train, () ',.,0.....
Wasa Womanrтaltingfor hеr
(2)'.'.,,...'.
thе platform.,(3)
...........
?, shеaskеd.,(4)...........a
сaгltaitingfor
you (5) .,Diana Wasnot vеry surprisеd,(6) shе thоught thаt hеr
auntmusthavеbееn(7)..........'
busytо mееthеr (8)..........
thе Station.
(9)...........
shеdid not rесognizе
thе Woman,(10)...........
wasdrеssеd
r.еlr'
formally,and had a smallbriеfсasе
(11).....'.....hеr
arm,shеwas (|2l '.''',.'''.
tirеd aftеrthе journеythat shеwas happy to 8еt (13)...........
thе сar.Тhе
Woman,(14)...........
, just saida fеwwords to thе drivеr,and thеn walkеdarтar-.
Diana wоndеrеd(15)...........
shеwas..It,sstrangеthat shе didn,t еvеn introduсе
hеrsеlf,,shе thought.
1) A who
2) A bеlow
З) A You Diana,
arеyou
4) A Thеrе's
5) A out
6) Aso
7) Aso
8) Aat
9) A Howеvеr
10) A shе
11) A at
1z)
^еnough
13) A with
14) A howеvеr
15) A whеthеr
B thеrе
Bto
B You,rеDiana,
isn't it
B Thеirs
Bin
B dеspitе
B too
Bto
B Sinсе
B who
Bin
Bso
Bby
B dеspitе
B thеrе
D Although
D whosе
Dbv
D vеry
D into
D in spitеot
D hoи'еr.еr
С whosе
Сon
С Arе you Diana D You arеn,t
Diana
С Its D lt,s
С insidе D outsidе
Ctoo Das
С еnough D vеry
Сin Dfor
С In spitе of
С and
C undеr
С tоo
Cat
С although
С who
Dit
Din
4 Complеte eaсh sеntenсе with onе suitable prеposition.
Thеrе was anothеr Woman (a) ...9.k..,..........
thе bus, and Katе sat
(b) ......'..............
hеr and startеdсhatting. Shе said shе was going
(с) .....................
ForbеsRoad too. ,I,vеgot an intеrviеw (d) .. ..'...''a plaсе
сallеd Мurсott Housе,,said Katе. ,Isit (е) .. thе bus stО!] it s not
far' It,s(0.....................
thе right (g) .. thе еnd оf thе st:ееt''thе
Woman rеpliеd. ,In faсt, Ilivе (h) .. . Whеn ] 1ооk .эu: Оr Il-t-
windoщ I сan sееpеoplе working (i) ........... 'hеn t:еl- аrril-еd
(j) .....................
thе stop, thеy got off and walkеd uр thе strееttogеthеr.
rz7](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-126-320.jpg)
![Сountab]eand
unсountablе
Сountable and
unсountablе:
grammar
somе
or аnу?
Explanations
r A сountablе noun has a singular and a plural form. Тhе piural may bе
irrеgular.Wе сan usе numbеrs with it.
onebook,threebooks oпepossibiliФ,tуvo
possibilities, onepiесe,fourpiесes
oпеperso|l,
three
people oneсhild, ttцto
сhildreп onе-womап,
fourwomеп
r An unсountablе noun has only onе form. Wе сannot usе numbеrs with it.
work love progress wаter iпformаtion Еnglish (languagе)
r Typiсal unсountablеs arе:
Matеrials and substanсеs:
Abstraсtidеas:
Aсtivitiеs:
Human fееlings:
r Notе thе words bеlow whiсh
many othеr languagеs:
ассommodаtioп,
аdviсе,bеhаviour'
bttsiпеss,
саsh,equipment,
furniture,heаIth,
homew
ork, iпformоtion, knowIedge, Iu
ggаge, moneу,pеrmissioп, rubbish,
Sсenery|
trаffiс, trаvel,wеаther,work
r Сountablе nouns сan bе singulaгor plural.
Thе bookis overtherе.
The booksаte oуerthere.
Unсountablе nouns arе always singular.
Freпсhis diffiсult.
IIisаdуiсе-wasveryuseful.
r With сountablе nouns Wе сan iцseо/аn arrdsome.
Suehаsgotа book/somebooks аboutАnсientF,gуpt.
With unсountablе nouns Wе сannot lшse
а/ап.
Suehаsgotsome moneу togo on holidауthisуeаr,
СouldI hауesome iпformаtion?
l Someis сommon in positivе sеntеnсеs.Аnу is сommon in quеstionsand
nеgativеs.
We,vе
gotsomejuice, but wе hаven,tgot аnу glаssеs.
Hаve уougot аnу сups?
r But Wе сan :uSе
Somеin a quеstion if it is an offеr oI rеquеst.
Сould I hаve Somemorеteа,pleаse?
And wе сan usе апу in positivе sеntenсеsif wе mеan .it dоеsn,tmattеr
whiсh,.
I,m freеаnу dау пeхtweek'
plаstic, iroп, wood,pаpеr,wаter,аir, сoffee
Iife,[un, freedom,
progress,heаlth,time
work, trаvеl,sleep,footbаll, help,rеsеаrсh
hаppiпess,аnger,hoпеstу,hope,respесt,
сourаge
arеunсountablе in Еnglish but сountablе in
tz9](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-134-320.jpg)
![2
GRAмпnAR 33 сoUNтABLЕ AND UNсoUNтABtЕ NoUNs
Underlinethe сorrесtword or phrasein еaсhsentеnсе.
a) How muсh/Howmапypastahavе wе got?
b) Whеrе is/аrеmу nеw trousеrs?
с) I put some/аny
сhoсolatе somеwhеrе,but whеrе is it?
d) Pеtеrwеnt to brу а/somеglassso hе сould fix thе brokеn и.indorts
е) I,m afraid wе havеn,t got muсh/mаnуtime,
fl How muсh/Howmаnу flltлiturе shops arе therе?
g) I,vеfound thе milk but I сan,t find а/someg|ass.
h) Mary,s adviсе wаs/werеnot vеry usеful.
Put one word in eaсhspaсe.Put a dаsh (_)if thе spaсeshouIdbe b|ank.
a) My tlousеrsnееd ironing. Havе you got ...?!!k.'........'..
iron?
b) Сould you go to thе bakеr,sand buy .. loaf, plеasе?
с) I,dlikе .....................
infoгmationabouttrainsto Paris.
d) Louisеhas ...............'.....
vеry goodhеalth.
е) Thе war еndеd ..yеarsago.
f) Vanеssabought .. papеrand rеadit on thе bus.
g) Сould you givеmе .....................
adviсе,plеasе?
h) Do you know .. peoplе in this villagе?
Completethe seсondsеntenсeso that it hasa simiIarmeaningto the first
sеntenсeand сontainsthe word in bold.
a) Lеt mе tеll you what I think you should do.
adviсе
Lеtmе .gLu.'a.
у.q.|L..{.o'|w,..4dу]{.?,...............
b) I nееd a сlеan pair of trousеrs.
any
I havеn,tgot ............
с) Thеrе isn,t a lot of watеr in the pool.
muсh
и-atеriп thе рoоl.
I havе to wash my hair.
washing
My hair
Thе book didn,t сontain any information.
in
Thе information.........
3
p,'
d)
е)
131](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-136-320.jpg)
![lndefinitеartiсle:
аon
Zero artiсlе
lno artiс|е)
Еxplanations
r Wе use а/аn whеn thе listеnеr doеs not knolr- rthiсr pеrson oт thins Wе arе
talking about. Сomparе:
Tim works iп а fасtorу. lrl'е dс:: : яl].-'т lthiсh faсtory)
Tim works iп the fасtorу down the roа'd. trr-еkl.-..'' ;тhi;h faсtоrl-l
r If wе rеfеr to somеthing for thе first timе it lтill bе:lе-'.,'.г.:.::lа:1оn ior thе
listеnеr and so Wе usе а/ап. Оthet rеfеrеnсеsto thе s:rrе li:r::: jsе ii].
bесausеnow thе listеnеrknows what wе arеtalkins аi:::.
I,vebought
а пеwmobile
phone,It,sgrеаt.Thеpltottе: ||':..:
r Wе :usе
а/аnto dеsсribеsomеthing.
It,sа lovеIydау. Kоzаkstап is ап епoпttotls сО|l,Itrl
Notе thеsе two Ways of saying thе samе thing:
Ап oсеlot is а wild оnimо| similаr to а leopаrd.
oсelots аrе wild animаIs, similаr to leopоrds'
r Wе usе а/ап to dеsсribе thе job or thе сharaсtеr of a pеrs:l
Mаry is аn eпgineer. Peter is а fool!
l A/аn mеan .onе,, So Wе сannot lцsеа/ап with unсountabLе :]. .:.s
r Notе that а/апarе unstrеssеd,and arе plonounсеd /эr and ::
r Wе usе Zеroartiсlеwith pluralsand unсountablеnouns rr'lе:...".+
,:=:з.king
gеnеrally.Сomparе:
I,vegot а brother апd а sister.
Сап уou give me somе informаtioп?
Dogs аreпot аllowedin this shop
The dogs next door bаrk аll пight.
MiIk is goodforуou.
The milk on the topshеlf is fаt-freе.
(not two)
(not *111fвfl++t1+j-ч
Hеrе arе somе еxamplеs showing thе usе of zero artiсlе tt. i:.r .е:еiаl.r-:
Мatеrials: This сhаir is mоdе of plсlstiс ,;,"'|lеothеr'
Food and drink I lovе сhoсolаte. I doll,t likс orLul!е illiсе.
Abstraсt idеas: Wаr is а terriblе thiпg,
Languagеs: Spаnish is spоkeпbу,сlboutзl-.ll-r
/lj:;:;.]i:
!.0Рlе.
Aсtivitiеs: Speаkiпg is not pеrпiffе.7 ,7llrjlli iilс il-,ltttitt,-ltiot-t.
l Zеto artiсlе is usеd with most сountriеs, statеs and сitiеs.
Маrie сomes fтom Frопсe.
Los Аngelеs is iп СаIiforniа'
But сountriеs whiсh arе a group or plural havе a dеfinitе artiсIе.
Wе left the Uпited Kiпgdom апd сrossеdto the |iethеrlапds.
Notе also that Grеаt Britаin has zеro artiсlе.
1З3](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-138-320.jpg)
![lNтERпiЕDlAтЕ tANGUAGE PRAстl(E
Zеro artiсlе is usеd with gеographiсalarеas,lakеs,
WeуisitеdLake Viсtortа. It,siп Eаst Afтicа.
TheусlimbеdMt. Everest iп reсordtimе.
Heleпspeпtlrcrholidаyson Сrete.
Zеro artiсlеis usеdwith most strееts.
I bottg|tt
tllis dressfrom а shopiп Bond Street.
But wе usе flle for thе phrasе the High Street (this
strееtin a tolvn).
mountains and islands.
mеans thе main shopping
Zеro artiсlе is usеd with namеs of buildings with a plaсе namе bеfoге.
,еt'isitеdBlenheim PаIасe аnd Сoventry Саthedrаl.
But iте use thеwhеn thеrе is a phrasеWith oraftеr thе noun.
I1.е
I'isitеdthe Houses of Pаrliоmeпt.
Zегo aгtiсlеis usеdwith namеs,blt theis usеd with titlеs.
Саrol Pаrker is the Miпister of Сommunicаtions.
Zеro artiсiе is usеd with mеals whеn wе rеfеrto thеm in gеnеral.
Dinпеr is аt 7,З0.
But сomparеwith thеsееxamplеswhеrе Wеarе not talking gеnеrally:
'lt tlrcепdof theсoпfеreпсе
therewаs а dinner. (mеntionеd for first timеt
Tltе dinner thеуserveherеis reаllyfапtаstiс. (wе know whiсh dinnеr)
Zеro aгtiсlеis usedwith gеnеralhistoriсal rеfеrеnсеs
Prehistoriс Europe/Anсient Rome is а fаsсiпаtiпg
periodof history.
Zегo artiсlе is usеd with bу for gеnеralforms of tlansport.
е t+,еnt
thеrebу саr.
But сomparеwith thеsееxamplеswhеrе Wеarе not talking gеnеrally:
Iе wеntthеrein а reаIlуold саr' (mеntionеd for first timе)
1'еt+,епt
thеrein the саr mу sisteruses. (wеknow whiсh сar)
otе a]sothat wе saуon foot.
Zетoartiсlеis usеd
is morе important
litttis in prison.
{у сompаnуis rеbuildiпgthe prison.
:огdsof this typе arе:
be iп ot go to hospitаl,prisoп, bed,сlаss,сourt
beаt or go to work,sсhool,universitу,seа
With ,homе, beаt home,go home
with сеrtain buildings, whеrе thе purposеof thе building
than thе plaсе itsеlf. Сomparе:
(whiсh prison is not importantt
(onе partiсular building)
t34](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-139-320.jpg)
![2
GRAlvlrиAR 34 ARтlсtЕs 1
SееGrammar З5 for aсtivitiеsinсluding fhe.
1 Under]ine
thе еrrorsin thesesentenсes.
Rewriteeaсhsеntеnсе.
a) Havе you еvеrvisitеd Unitеd Kingdom?
. Н,qу.е..Yo.ф...eу9I..w,|ited'..th*..шlзItel.!1,.vd.qwL?
b) on our trip, wе visitеd thе СantеIbury Cathеdral.
с) Lovе is wondеrful thing.
d) Тhе pеts arе not pеrmittеd in this hotеl.
е) Rabbit is small wild furry animal with long еars.
f) Thе Nеw York is in Unitеd Statеs of thе Amетiсa.
Put o/onor leavеthe spaсebIank.
a) ....;....lоvе makеsthе world go round.
b) Shеila has got Gеrman сar.
с) Ritaworksin ...........
offiсеin WestStrееt.
d) I,vеgot ...........
friеndwho is еlесtriсian.
е) Paul goеsto spесialsсhoolfor ...........
musiсians.
0 Jaсkis in ...........
hospitaland сan,tgo to ..'........
sсhool.
g) ValеriеWantsto go to univеrsityand studyto bе ...'.......
doсtor.
For eaсhquestion,сompletethe seсondsentеnсeso that it meansthe sameas
the first,usingno morethan threеwords.
a) Мary tеa,сhеs
Еnglish.
Мary ....1{..qr!:.'.'.......... Еnglishtеaсhеr.
b) Сharlеs has a faсtory job.
Сharlesworks ....faсtory.
с) You arе not allowеd to park hеrе.
not allowеd hеrе.
Fabio is on a ship at thе momеnt.
At thе momеnt ....sеa.
Wе walkеdto thе station.
Wе wеntto .............. .........
foot.
3
d)
е)
135](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-140-320.jpg)
![Dеfinite artiс|e:thе
Explanations
r Wе usеthe whеn it is сlеarwhiсh thing or pеIson Wе arе talking about. Thе
points bеlow еxplain this in morе dеtail. Сomparе:
The wаr between thе two сouпtries lсlstеdfor siх wееks.
(wе know whiсh war)
Wаr is в tеrriblе thiпg.
(war in gеnеral, so Zеro artiсlе)
r Wе oftеn usе thе whеп wе rеfеr to somеthinя that wе mеntionеd bеforе,
usiпg сt/аtl,
||еsаw a good film lаst пight. It'wаs the пew film bу Вerghiпi.
But lvе сan usе the for thе first timе that wе rеfеr to somеthing if it is сlеar
from thе Contехt whiсh onе Wе mеan.
I,lrcrе,sthe пewspаper?
r 'е oftеn usе tllе with phrasеs inсluding of Сomparе:
Т]tе fiItttl+,сls
сlboutthe lovе of а girl for her саt.
lor,с ls Ll'otЙеrftllthing! (lovе in gеnеral, so Zеro artiсlе)
r -еusе |llс rthеn thеrе is only onе of somеthing. It is сlеar whiсh onе Wе
mеan.
Hotц tttсtttt'
L1;tro|lа|lts
llсп,еlапded on the moon?
r Wе usе tlle for nationalltiеs and оthеr groups.
I rеаllу аdmirе tltе Itаliсltts,
The old, the siсk аlld tltе L|t|еttlploуеdпеed our spесiаl саrе.
r Notе thеsе othеr usеs оf rhe:
Playingmusiсal
Timе:
Supеr1ativеs
Fixеd phrasеs
Namеsof ships
Oсеans
Rivеrs
instrumеnts: Dо l'ottplсtу,
the guitаr?
ht tllе pсlst/itl the future
But: сt prеSепt
Тltis is the biggеst oпе./ You аrе the flrst.
Tltе sooпеr the bеttеr.
I,'е
sоilеd on the Neptune.
The PасifLс, the Atlоntiс
The Amаzon, the Dаnube
l Theis usually pronounсеd idэl bеfoтесonsonants aг'dlбу'lbеforеvowеls.
Thеbegiппiпg' Theепd,
1.36](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-141-320.jpg)
![F
lNтЕRмЕDlAтЕ tANGUAGЕ PRACтI(E
5 Complеtеthe seсondsentеnсeso that it hasa similarmеaningto the first
sentenсe.
I didn,t еxpесtto sееDarrеl.
....Dfl.rrr,'|..у/q{.,tht,',,..'....'lastpеrsonIеxpесtеdtosее.
Do you havе a dog in your housе?
Do ............. homе?
Niсk tеaсhеsсhеmistry.
Niсk is ......
tеaсhеr.
Мy friеnds gavеmе a wondеrful prеsеnt.
......gavеmе Waswondеrful.
Thе Australian сapital is Canbеrra.
Сanbеrrа ......
Austтalia.
Thе Frеnсh lеsson is thе first tomorlow.
......
Frеnсh.
Somеonеis phoning you.
Thете,s
Somеonе
on .......'.....
*:
::: : :::: ::::::]:::: ::: :: ::.*}';,
"".,
еntеrtaining.
ln eaсh pair of sentenсes,fill in onе spaсewith the and the other spaсewith a
dash (-) to show no artiсIe.
a) 1 For mе, .....Т....
footballis my lifе.
2 ..Ih?.' football in thе sесond division is a muсh lowеr standard.
b) 1 Thеy say that lovе makеsthе world go round.
2 Тheу say that lovе of a mothеr for hеr сhild is thе strongеstkind.
1 ...........
informationin this artiс]еwill bе vеry usеfulfor my projесt.
2 ...........
infoгmatiоnaboutthе Govеrnmеnt,sdеfеnсеplans is hard to find.
1 ...........
studеntsin mv nеw сlassall sееmvеry friеndly.
2 .....'.....
stцdеntsshould bе in thеir сlassеs
by 9.00.
1 I nееd...........
hеlpl
2 Тhanksvеrv muсh for ...........
hеlp you gavеmе yеstеrday.
1 ...........
сomputеrsin thе Januarysalеarеnot too еxpеnsivе.
2 Тhеsеdavsеr-егybody
nееdsto know how to usе ...........
сomputеrs.
1 ...........
Еnglisharеfamousfor thеiтstrangеsеnsеof humour.
2 ...........
Еnglishprogrammеsarеquitе еasyto find on satеllitеTV.
1 Мany of my fтiеndsaтеstudying businеssat univеrsity.
2 Мy fathеris involvеd in ...........
businеssof buying and sеllinghousеs.
a)
b)
с)
d)
е)
s)
h)
6
с)
d)
е)
o)
6/
h)
r40](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-145-320.jpg)
![1
GRAмluAR 38 мAкlNG сo]t,lPARlsoNs
Underlinethe сorreсtWordor phrasein еaсhsentеnсе.
a) Thе fish was so tаstyаS/цstаsц--цsthе mеat.
b) This book is themostinterеstiпg/the
moreiпtеresting
I,vееvеr геad.
с) This tеmplе is thе eldest/oldest
in Еuropе.
d) That drеssis a lot longer thап/thаtthе othеr onе.
е) Nothing is worse/worsf
than bеing stuсk in a traffiс jam.
f) That skysсrapеris onе of thе tаllеr/tаllest
buildings in thе world.
g) Thе tеstWasn,tаs hаrdаs/hаrdсs I thought.
h) Aсtuаlly, today I fеe|morebаd/worsethan I did yеstеrday.
i) our journеy tooklonger thаn/thelongest
wе еxpесtеd.
j) Сould you work morequietlу/more
quietеr
plеasе?
Completе еaсh sentеnсewith a сomparativeor superlativeform of the adjесtivе
in bold. lnсludeany other neсessary
words.
a) ThеNilеis ..th*.'!l.ryэ.Ч.t..................
rivеrin thеworld.
lоng
b) I was disappointеd as thе film was ....than I
еxpесtеd.
entеrtaining
с) Most planеsgo a lot ....trains.
fast
d) Yеstеrday
Wasonе of .............. .........
daysof thе yеar.
hot
е) I think this book is muсh ....thе othеr onе.
good
f) Thе twins arе thе samеhеight. Tim is ....Suе.
tall
g) Thе first еxеrсisеWasеasybut this onе is
diffiсult
h) Thе Меditеrranеanis not ....thе PaсifiсOсеan.
largе
i) This сlassroom
is ............... ........
thе onе nеxt door.
ttig
j) This is ............... ........
tеlеvision
programmе
I,vееvеrwatсhеd.
bad
2
153](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-158-320.jpg)
![6
GRA}TiTAR 3E IuAкlNG Co]Y|PARlsoNs
For eaсhquestion,сompletеthe sесondsеntenсеso that it mеansthе samеas
the first, using no more than three words.
0
Сould you not talk so fast,plеasе?
Сould
уou''..t.lt.[K,'ry!4r9,{'L.a'w.l.Y,
plеasе?
The last film wе sawWasmorе frightеning than this onе.
This film ........
as thе lastonе.
Nobody in thе сlassсooks bеttеrthan Sam.
Samis ...'....
in thе сlass.
You ran a lot fastеrthan I did.
I didn'trun ............ ...............
you.
Small сars arе molе есonomiсal than largесars.
Largесarsarе............. smallсars.
Skatingisn,t as еxсiting as skiing.
Skiingis ............... skating.
Riсhard doеsn,twork hardеr than Alan.
Alan worksjust............ Riсhard.
h) Jaсk isn,t as intеrеstеdin football as his brothеr is.
Jaсk,sbrothel ............... in footballthan hе is.
i) Bill is thе youngеst in thе family.
Еvеryonееlsеin thе fаmily ........
Bill.
i) I havеn,t еatеnas muсh asyou.
You'vееatеn.........
а)
b)
с)
d)
е)
s)
155](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-160-320.jpg)
![Verbswith two
parts:transitive
аnd inseparable
GRAммAR 39 PнRAsAL vERBs 1
keepup with" (movе at thе samеspееdas)
You,re
goiпg toofаst!I саn,t keеp up with уott.
Pаttуfinds this сlаssdiffiсult,аnd саn,tkeep up.
live up tо (bеas good as somеonеехpесts)
Theftlm didп,tlive up to oureхpeсtаtioпs.
look fotwаrdto (think you will еnjoy)
I,m lookiпg forwаrd to goiпgon holidау this уeаr.
Notе that fo is a prеposition hеrе and so is followеd by thе -itlgfotm of thе vеrb.
Iookout onto/over (havе a viеw of)
our hotelroom looks out ot|to the lаke.
put up with (aссеptwithout сomplaining)
I cап,tput up with аll this noise!
ruп out of (havеno morе of)
I thiпk theсаr is аboutto run out of petrоl!
Thereisп,tаnу morеmilk. We,уerun out.
Thеsеphrasalvеrbs takе an objесt (thеword for this is ,transitivе,).Thе objесt
must сomе aftеrthе prеposition, not bеtwееnthе vеrb and thе prеposition (thе
word for this is .insеparablе,).
саlIfor (сomе to your housе and сollесt)
We,lIcаll for уou аbout8.00 sopleаsebereаdу. (NoTa]a+юн#)
саIlon (visit for a short timе)
I саIIed on Profеssor|onesаnd wishedher а Hаppу Birthdау.
deаIwith (takеaсtion to solvе a problеm)
Сould уou deаl with this сustomer,s
problempleаse?
get аt (try to say,suggеst)
Hеleп сouldп,tuпderstапdwhаt herbosswаsgеtting аt.
getover (rесovеrfrom)
Peterwаs ill with f7u,but hе'sgettiпg over it пo-w'
heаdfor (gо in thе dirесtion o0
Theesсаpеd
prisoneris thoughtto beheadiпg for Loпdotl.
join in (takеpart in, сontributе to)
WhenAleх stаrtеdsitlgittg,
a'еry'ollе
ioiпed iп.
seeto (payattеntionto, оftеn mеaning .геpair,)
The brаkesoп your саr needseeing to.
stаndfor (tolетatе)
I will not stапd for so muсhtаIkitlg!
tаkеаfter (bеsimilaт in appеaтanсеor сharaсtеr)
Kаren tаkes аfter her mothеr.They,revеrysimilаr.
157](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-162-320.jpg)
![GRAмttiAR 40 PHRAsAt vERBs 2
Completeeaсhsеntanсеwith onе suitab]е
word.
a) Jеssaskеdif shе сould hеlp mе ltЪ'r!э,''.....
up thе diгty dishеs.
b) I nееd a diсtionary, so I сan .. up this word.
с) If I Wеrеyou I,d .....................
off еarlybесausеЕdinburghis a long way.
d) our mееting tomorrow has bееn .. off, I,m afraid.
е) I,m not surеaboutthе sizеof this сoat,so сan I .......... it on?
f) Robеrt had to .. in a foгm, giving all his pеrsonal dеtails.
g) You,ll nеvеrguеsswho ........... up at our sсhoolparty lastwееk!
h) Six pеoplеappliеdfor thе job,but onе of thеm .....................
out.
Rewriteeaсhsentеnсеso that it hasa similarmeaningand сontainsthe word in
bold.
a) Don,t lеavе the lights on whеn you lеavе thе sсhool.
turn
..........T.у+.суу..the..|g.hts...qff..w.h*ru.у.q!{..L9fl'.V.f
b) Jaсk aтrivеdhalf-way through thе lеsson.
turn
You сan staywith us foг a wееk.
put
Мarta is doing wеll in hеr Еnglish сlass.
gеt
Lidia spеnt hеr сhildhood in Uтuguay.
grеW
How do you startthе сomputеr?
turn
Сarol сhесkеdthе datеsin an еnсvсlоnеdia.
look
h) Surfing is a grеatsport.Whеn did you staгtdoing it?
takе
с)
d)
е)
fl
s)
163](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-168-320.jpg)
![lNтЕRIvtED!AтЕ tANGUAGЕ PRAстl(Е
Comp|eteеaсhsentеnсe(a_h)with an ending (l-8).
a) It,s,еryсold and wеt at thе momеnt SoWеlvеput ....3....
b) Маr}z's
palеntswеrеquitе striсtand broughthеr ...........
с) buг room is vеry untidy! Сould you сlеar
d) I tvastalking to Hеlеn whеn suddеnly wе WеIесut
е) Zoе triеd to pеrsuadеhеr mothеr to givе
fl Тim startеdpainting his room this morning and hе,sgеtting
gt If vou likе, wе сould сomе and piсk
ht branсh of a trее fеll and knoсkеd
1 it up plеasе,and put еvеrything away.
? Pеtеrout for a fеw momеnts.
З off our gardеnparty until nеxt wееk'
-1 up smoking, but shе didn,t havе muсh suссеss.
5 on vеry wеll so far.
6 off and I сouldn,t gеt hеr numbеr aftеrthat.
] r'ou up in our сar at about 7.00.
8 up to bе vеry politе and obеdiеnt.
G
dr
t64](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-169-320.jpg)
![2
Underlinе thе сorreсt word or рhrase in еaсh sеntеnсе.
a) I think my sсhool is just аs good/bе.ttеt
than yours.
b) Thеrе arе еnough applеs for onе eасh/еvery.
с) Sharon has bееn wоrking verу hаrd/hаrdly.
d) Сould you givе me ап/somе information, plеasе?
е) Тhis тs thе bеst/betteriсе-сtеam in thе worldl
f) I,vе bееn working in this сompany for/sinсethrеe months.
g) Thеrе are пo/пoпе еggs lеft in thе fridgе.
h) Thе news is/аre on in a fеw minutеs.
Dесide whiсh answer (A, B, с or D) best fits eaсh spaсе.
Lifе on thе fоrm
I was (1) ....P.....
by rny unсlе and aunt and (2) '.....'....
on a small farm in thе
wеst of Еngland. I think it WaSbеttеr (3) ...........
living in a сity, bесausе
(4) ...........
day I ran about in thе opеn air. (5) I wеnt to sсhool,
(6) ...........
I did was play on thе farm all day. (7) ...........
my aunt and unсlе
workеd with thе animals, and although thеy workеd vеry (8) , thеy
always еxplainеd (9) ....'......
things to mе. Thеy didn't havе (10) monе,Y,
but thеy (11) ...........wеll
with еvеryonеl and wе didn,t havе (12) of thе
problеms of living in thе сity. I always fеlt (13) on thе farm. Thеrе lтas
(14) ...........
noisе or pollution, and it was (15) pеaсеful.Тhat,s probablr-
why I bесamе a farmеr whеn I was oldеr.
1) A livеd up to B takеn aftеr
2) A grеw up B ioinеd in
3) Aas Bmorе
4) Aеvеry Bin
5) Aby BnowadaYs
6) Aеvеry Bеaсh
7) AЕithеr BBoth
8) Ahardly Bhardеr
9) Aintеrеsts Bintеrеsting
10) Amuсh Blots
11) A droppеdin B got along
12)
^muсh
Bnonе
1З) Ahappily Bahappy
14) Аarry B no
15) Atoo Bmuсh
С grown up D bгoughт uр
C turnеd up D put oii
C than D thе
С for D bоth
С in timе D unti1
С nonе D a]l
С Nеithеr D 1i
С hard D hardеst
С intеrеst D intеIеstеd
С manl- D too
С kеpt uр D dеalt with
Сno Dany
С hapрi D thе happy
С nonе оf D not
С rеa]h- D as
165](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-170-320.jpg)
![INтЕRrvlEDlAтЕ LANGUAGE PRAстlCE
For еaсhquestion,сomplеtethе seсondsentenсеso that it meansthe sameаs
the first.usingno more than thrеewords.
a) Thеsесlassroomsarеn,tvеry largе.
хor.e .,.!f.t.!*:e сlassroomsarеvеry largе.
b) Luсa won,t lеavе hеrе bеforе thе еnd of April.
Luсa will bе hеrе thе еnd of Aоril.
с) Wе don,t allow smoking in this сinеma.
No ............. in this сinеma.
d) Can you tеll mе what you think I should do?
Сan you givеmе ....'........
?
е) Yоu,vеbееn waiting longer than I havе.
I havеn,tbееnwaiting................ you havе.
f) It,s4.00 noщ and I startеdwaiting hеrе two hоurs ago.
l,vеbеenwaitinghеrе'.......... ..2'ОО.
g) All сlassroomsmust bе kеpt сlеan.
Еaсh.......... ...mustbе kеptсlean.
h) Мost of thе сlasswalksto sсhool.
Most of thе сlassсomеstо sсhool
i) This is as far as Wесan go along this road.
Wе сan,tgo .............. alongthis road.
j) Тhе firе brigadеarrivеd too latе to saYеthе burning housе.
Thе firе brigadеdidn,t arrivе......... ....to savеthе
burning housе.
Rewriteеaсhsеntеnсеso that it сontainsа form of a phrasalverb usingthе word
in bo]d.Makе any othеr neсessary
сhangеs.
a) You сan сomе and staywith mе.
put
...
I. сaw..p.
иt..уi14..|4,Р'....
b) Сarlos сan't stand thе traffiс anymorе.
put
с} Pеtеris making good progrеssat univеrsity.
gеt
I,il tidy up thе room if you do thе washing-up.
сlеar
166
d)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-171-320.jpg)
![Ж
lNтERмЕDIAтE LANGUAGЕ PRAстlCE
4 Сompletееaсhsentеnсеwith a form of onе of the verbsin thе box.
dеny
ry
If r.ou. .t.r.Y...........
to work a bit haгdеr,I,m surеyou,ll passthе еxam.
Кеr-in......... to havе toothaсhе,and lеft sсhool еarly.
Тhе buildеrsarеnot surеof thе еxaсtdatе,but ..to startwork
soon.
dt Еmma .. to сall you last wееk, but shе forgot.
еr Тhе .oman arrestеdby thе poliсе .. rоbbing thе bank.
f r ou should .. spеaking to an audiеnсе, to gain сonfidеnсе.
gr It'sintеrеsting to .....................
mysеlf living on a dеsеrtisland.
ht I phonеd thе dirесtor six timеs, but shе .. to spеak to mе.
Сomp|еtе еaсh sentenсе with one suitabIeword.
a, Don,t .fqrg.p.t'......
to buy somеmilk on yourwayhomе.
bi If ]'m latе, it .. I have to wait until thе nеxt lеsson bеgins.
С' I ..'...'..............
throwing thе ball, but I didn,t brеak thе window.
dr Pau] сan,t .......... thinking about his favouritе tеam.
е ' Lisa .' forgеtting whеrе shе put hеr kеys.
f r Gina .......... to сlimb in through thе windoщ but it was loсkеd.
g, I .....................
plаying with my friеnds whеn I was littlе.
h r ] сan,t .. walking homе in thе rainl It,shorriblеI
a)
bl
сl
' )ra
l'
-. '/---v?
t/,'
t78](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-183-320.jpg)
![2
A
B
GRAпnIYlAR 44 vERBs FoLLoWЕD BY PRЕPosITloNs
Complеtе eaсh sеntenсe with one suitаble word.
a) Fiona is vеry diffеrеnt 'ft.q.ш ... hеr sistеr.
b) Plеasеtry and listеn ......... my instruсtions.
с) Мy homе town is famous .. its pеaсhеs.
d) Еxсusе mе, but doеs this umbrеlla bеlong .. r-оl.t'
е) What еxaсtly was Alistair talking .....................
?
f) I think wе should ask .....................
Somе information.
g) Gеmma is vеry kееn .......... growing hеr own vеgеtablеs.
СompIete thе sentеnсes with onе word from list A and onе from list B
suссееds
a) I don,tlikе him. I think ь" ....!q.ш.W......'..
....g,t........
mе bеhindmy baсk.
b) I,llbе surprisеd
if hе .........' walkingto thе top of thе
mountain.
с) Isabеlsеndshеr lovе and ....not сontaсtingyou.
Shе,sbееn rеallybusy.
d) It,sdiffiсult to know whеn thе bus will сomе. It ............
thе timе of day.
е) Shе,svеry intеlligеnt. Shе ......a lot есonomiсs and
things likе that.
f) This diсtionary isn't minе. I think it ............... Jorgе.
g) This musiс ......mе thе timе I spеnt in India.
Complеte thе sentenсes with one word from list A and onе from list B.
annoyеd
a) I was .......r.Ul1t.....,...
'..b!!4t'.. thе train timеs. It doеs lеavе at 16'зi)
b) I lovе sсiеnсе' but I,m not vеry mathешаtiсs.
с) Istanbul is .......'....... thе bеautiful Bluе Мosquе.
d) Arе you ............ Amеriсan moviеs from t1-tе
f1i:lеs]
е) I'm Paul. Hе should havе сallеd I]]е'f J: hе hasn,t.
f) Е|iza is vеry hеr dog. Shе rr.alksl| еr'еrr-dar.'
g) I know it,s ridiсulous, but I,m quitе ......'.. spidеrs'
A
B
181](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-186-320.jpg)
![GRA}|мAR 45 PRoNoUNs
l Еverythiпg
is usеdasa singlеwordsubjесt
instеadof a//.
Everythiпghаsgoпеwrong. (NoT А]aa*цщ)
AII mуplапs hаvegonewroпg.
Words with no-mеan no pеoplе, things or plaсеs.
No oпe kпows theапswer.
Nobodу is аt hоme.
There is nothing to eаt'
Doublе nеgativеsare not usеd.
No oneknows. (NOT llffi)
l Rеflеxivеpronouns arеusеd for асtions that wе do to oursеlvеs.
l:flеxive
lpoпouns:myself
йЕ.
lrпpеrsonalone
I hаveсut myself.
Did уou cut уourselft
He сuthimself.
She iпtroducedherself.
We enioуеdourselves.
Hаveyou hurt уourselves?
Theу iпtroduсedthеmselves.
Vеrbs oftеn usеd in this way inсludе: сut, епjoy,hurt, introduсe,kill'
Аt thеепdof thepIау,Сleopаtrаkills herself.
But othетvеrbs arе not normally usеd with a rеflеxivеpronoun, еvеn though
thеy are in othеr languages.Еxamples:сhапge(сlothes),сomPlаiп,deсide,
drеss,feеI,meet,relах,remember'
rest, sit dowп,stоnd up, wаkеup|wсtsh|worry.
Rеflеxivеplonouns arе also usеd foт еmphasis.
|oп cookedаII thefoodhimself. (no onе hеlpеd him)
r In normal сonversationwe lse уou to rеfеrto ,pеoplеin gеnеral,.
Аs уou getolderуou teпdto forgetthiпgs.
You tаke the trаiп to theаirportfrom the СentrаIStаtion'
But in formal spеесhand writing wе сan lse oпewith this mеaning. This is
сonsidеrеdovеr-formalby many spеakеrs.
Опe tаkes the trаiп to theаirportfтomtheСentrаl Stаtion.
Тhеrе is a possеssivеform one,S'
Оne,s luggаgеis саrriеdiп а speсiаIcompаrtment.
If oпеis usеd as a subjeсt,all latеr rеferenсеsalso usе oиe.
Оne tаkesthe trаin to thеаirportftom thеСentrаl Stаtionаnd oпe сап rеSеrve
one's seаtin аdvапсe.
If you ||Seone|you must сontinuе to usе it. Do not mix one and уou'
In еvеrydayspеесhit is morе сommon to usеyou or a passivеthan to lsе one.
You cап reservе
sеаtsin аdvапce.
Seаts cаn be reserved iп аdvаnсe'
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![!NтЕR]tлЕDlAтE LANGUAGE PRACтICE
Semi-сolon (;)
Colon (:)
Speeсhmarks(, ,)
(tttr)
Question mark (?)
and exсlamation
mark (!)
But thеy arеnot usеd afteтrеporting vеrbs in rеportеdspеесh.
|im sаid he wouldbe lаte'
Commas сannot bе usеd to join sеntеnсеsdirесtly,without any othеr
сhangеs.Look at this еxamplе.
Two meпwerewаIkiпgdown thestreеt.Theywerecаrryiпgа boх.
Thеsеtwo sеntеnсеsсannot bе joinеd simply by сhanging thе full stop to a
сomma.
Tут'e
mgэ ь,erеwelkiпg detll tllе streеathE'tvеrе сerr''iпt а brx.
But thеrе arе othеr Waysto сombinе thе sеntеnсеs.For еxamplе:
Two meпwerewаIkingdowп thestrеet,саrryingа boх.
Two men cаrryingа boх werewаIkingdown thestreet.
Wе сan join two sеntеnсeswith теlatеdmеanings using a sеmi-сolon.
Roаd usersаnnoypedestriаns;
pedestriаnsаtтtтoу
roаdusers.
A sеmi-сolon is also usеd to sеpalatеlong itеms in a list.
Studeпtsаreаskedпot to leаvebicyclesby theerltrаnce;
not to leаvebаgsin tlu
sitting room;аnd not to leаveсoаtsin thedining room.
A сolon introduсеs itеms in a list.
Thеreаre two rules:one,don,tdo it; two,don,tgetсаught.
It сan also introduсе an еxplanation of thе prеvious part of thе sеntеnсе.
Finаlly, we hаd to Stop:wеweretiredапd it wаs dаrk.
Spеесhmarks (alsoсalled quotation marks)arеused with diтесtspеeсh.
Punсtuation goеsinsidе. Thеy сan bе singlе or doublе.
,Itmightrаin lаter,,I eхplаined.
,Whу аrewe leаvingso eаrly?,,HeIеnаsked.
Titlеs of books, films, plays еtс. arеput insidе single quotation marks.
Punсtuation is put outside in this сasе.
We weпt to а performаnceof Ibsen,s,Ghosts,.
Howеver,in printеd tеxt, thе titlеs of books, films, plays etс. arеusually put
in italiсs.
Quеstion marks only oссur aftетthе quеstion.
Whаt,s the time?
Еxсlamation marks arеusеd in informal wгiting, but arе not сonsidетеd
appropriatеin formal writing.
You,Ilnevеrguesswhаt! I,veiust got eпgаged!
200](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-205-320.jpg)
![lNтЕRMEDlAтЕ LANGUAGЕ PRA(тlсE
4
For еaсh question, сomplеte the seсond sentеnсе so that it means the same as
thе first, using no more than threе words.
a) Jеff was thе only studеnt who forgot thе tеst.
Еvеryonе
rеmеmbеrеd
thеtеst !хсe.РtJ9.ff.
b) Robеrta knows this town bеttеr than anyonе.
No ..'........'. this town bеttеr than Robеrta.
с) Тhеsе two pairs of glovеs bеlong to thе twins.
Тhеsе arе ............. glovеs.
d) Andy wouldn,t сarry my bag.
Andy ......... my bag.
е) Pеtеr is rеliablе.
You сan ....Pеtеr.
f) Sеrеna is onе of my brothеr,s friеnds.
Sеrеnais .............'. ........
my brothеr,s.
g) Тhе snow bеgan yеstеrday еvеning.
It ............... ........
yеstеrdayеvеning.
h) Do you think yоu сould сlosе thе window?
Would you mind ....thе window?
Look сarefuIIyat еaсh linе. Somе linеs arе сorrесt but some havе a word whiсh
shouId not bе there. Tiсk (/) еaсh сorreсt line. lf a line has a word whiсh should
not bе there, writе the word in the spaсe.
Winnittg а millioп
Lifе сhangеd сomplеtеly for Сarol Мilеs whеn shе won 1 ..........!........
д1,OOO,O00
in thе lottеry. .I dесidеd that to buy a tiсkеt 2 ....th4lt......'.
whilе I was waiting for takе thе bus. I didn,t gеt еxсitеd 3 ...................
about it, bесausеI didn,t еХpесtmе to win. In faсt, I 4 ...............'...
сomplеtеly forgot it to сhесk my numbеrs, until a 5
friеnd rеmindеd for mе to do it. You сan imaginе how 6 ................'..
surprisеdI was],Сarol had oftеn bееn drеamеd about 7 ...................
bеing riсh, but shе has got disсovеrеdthat having lots 8...................
оf monеy doеsn,t always rnеan bеing happy. ,I сan,t 9 ...............''..
еn]oy for anything now. Whеn I go out with my friеnds, 10 .................
foт ехamplе, thеy еithеr еXpесt mе to pay or thе bills, 11 ...............'...
or thеy,rе angry with mе whеn I offеr to pay it. Somе 12 .......'.........
.
pеop1еthеy arе jеalous of my good luсk, I think, and -l3 ...................
aссusеmе of thinking only about monеy. Nobody sееms 14 ..................'
to havе undеrstand. I thought I would еnjoy mysеlf, but 15 ..................
еvеIyonе has startеdto trеat mе with diffеrеntly,еxсеpt for 16.................
onе friеnd of minе who has askеd mе to lеnd it him д10,000!, 17 ....'...........''
2r0](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-215-320.jpg)
![lNтЕRlvlЕDlAтE LANGUAGE PRAстlсE
7 Put one suitab|e
word in еaсhspaсe.
I?
...IЦI94!...' ...pr.......''.....
going out to lunсh, wе stayеdat hоme.
Thеrеwеrеa dozеn olangеsin thе bowl but you'vе еaten.........
..onе.
I thought it Was Wеdnеsday today, but .....................
Tuеsday!
;;i;......,IwouldlikеtothankеvеIyonеwhohasgivеn
Tеd is a friеnd .....brother,s,
but isn,t a friеnd of
}oе bought two shiгts and a jaсkеt
I rеa1lylikе this nеw сoat of .....................
. Whеrе did you buy it?
кatе fеll ovеr and сut .....................
on a piесе of brokеn glass.
I suppоsе it dеpеnds .. whеthеr you bеliеvе .. UFos
Problem
сheсk
or not.
j) Тhе tеstWasso hard that ........... our tеaсhеrdidn,t know thе answеrs.
What is thе diffеrenсebеtween these pairs of sеntenсes?Cheсk with Grammar 43
if you are not sure.
a) I triеd to takеаn aspirin.
I triеd taking an aspirin.
b) I rеmеmbеrto do my homеwork.
I rеmеmbеrdoing my homеwork.
с) Thе boys stoppedhaving a rеst.
Thе boys stoppеdto havе a rеst.
Тhe samеverb or adjeсtivesсan be fo]lowedby different prepositions.Cheсk
thesemeaningsin a diсtionary:
a) You rеmind me of my brothеr.
Can you rеmind mе about thе tеst?
b) Wе,rеplеasеdwith him.
Wе,rеplеasеdfor him.
Wе,rеplеasеdby him.
Only use onein formal spеeсh and writing. Don,t mix onе and you.
Rememberthat usingan apostropheсan meanthat a letteris missing(it3 =it ls)
or it сan show possession(АnnЗ hot).
Тhe bestway to improveyour punсtuationand spellingis throughwidе reading.
Make listsof words you often spell wrongly.
a)
b)
it's
с)
d)
е)
0
s)
h)
i)
3
4
z12](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-217-320.jpg)
![lNтЕRrиЕDlAтЕ LANGUAGE PRACтIсE
bеauty
bеautifu]
bеautify
If you put thе words in a notеbook it will bе еasiеrto rеmеmbеrthеm. But if
you organizеthе words insidе thе book thеn it is еvеn bеttеr.Hетеarе somе
idеas:
r Rесordwords in alphabеtiсalsесtions.
l Makе sесtionsfor diffеrеnt largеtopiс arеaslikе .Familiеsand Friеnds,'
.Hobbiеsand Intеrеsts,,,Plaсеs,.
l Мakе a .Lеxiсal sеt,.ThiS is a small gloup of words basеdon onе spесifiс
topiс.
Gardеn
lawn hеdgе shеd flowеrbеd
You сan writе this as a word sDidеr:
r Мakе а ,Word family,. This is a group basеdоn word formation.
noun
adjeсtivе
vеrb
r Мakе sесtionsfor idioms and spесialеxprеssions.
r Мakе sесtionsfor words that arе usеful to you pеrsonally,or that intеrеst
vou, oI that сausеyou problеms.
o1А](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-219-320.jpg)
![Wordsсan bе formеdby adding a prеfixto thе bеginning oг a suffixto thе еnd.
Thеrеarеmany prеfixеsand suffixеsarеinсludеd in this unit and in VoсabularyЗ.
Еxamplеsof prеfixеs:un-,dis-,im-, mis-
uп- +сеrtаiпunсertаiп dis-+ аppeаrdisаppeаr
im- +possiblеimpossible mis + uпderstапd
misuпderstсlпd
Еxamplеsof suffixеs:-nеss,-ful,-less,ship
hа'ppу+-пеsshаppiпеss саrе+ -ful саreful
eпd + -lеssendless frieпd + -shipfrieпdship
Words of two or molе syllablеs еnding in.y сhangе -y to -l. Sее Grammar 49.
Add a word from the box to thе prеfix in еaсh sеntеnсе to makе a nеgativе
word.
1].'.]];.i1dvantagе
lllll]].]l.Tж*s
aglее
patiеnt
a) I didn,t rеad all of thе book bесausе I found it ш.LW...e.ГS{.tI.Ш$.'
.
b) Сyсling has onе dis'............. . It makеs you fееl hot and swеaty.
с) Suе had a tiсkеt for thе thеatrе, but un........ shе fеll ill that night.
d) Теrry сan,t stand waiting in quеuеs,bесausеshе,Sr.еryim...............
е) Мy brothеrs always dis..'..'..'...'. iтhеn it,stimе tо do thе washing-up.
f) Aftеr Jaсk lost his iob, hе и-asun................''......
for thтее months.
8) oh, I сomplеtеly dis.............. rгith l-ou. I think it rгas a gгеatfilm.
h) Bесausеof a mis...... , ha1fthе сlassrtеnt to thе rloг1gсlassroom.
2 Complete thе word in eaсh sentеnсе with a prеfiх fгom thе box.
a) Мy alarm сloсk didn,t go off, and so I ....с'..''9','''''.
slеpt this morning.
b) Pеtе paсkеd somе shirts and soсks, somе .............'..
fеal, and his iеans.
с) It,svеry сold this morning, so WеaIyoul ................
сoat.
d) our tеam Was сomplеtеly plar'еd br thе tеam from Walеs.
е) I,vе dесidеd to ................
writе my lеttеr,bесausеI madе too many mistakеs.
f) Stеvе сookеd thе mеat, and it rтas burnt in plaсеs.
g) I havе to 8o to thе library today and nеW my tiсkеt.
h) Thе staff wеnt on strikе bесausе thеy wеrе paid and ovеrworkеd.
215](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-220-320.jpg)
![2
Undеrline thе сorrесt word in eaсh sentеnсe.
a) By 11.00I fеlt so tirеd/tiriпgthat I wеnt to bеd.
b) I hеard thе film was good, but it was vеtу disаppoiпted/disсlppoiпting.
с) Bеing alonе in an old housе at night сan bе frighteпеd/frighteпiпg.
d) Juliе WaS so еmbаrrаssеd/еtпbоrrаssiпg
that hеr wholе faсе turnеd rеd.
е) Jim 1ets borеd/boriпgif hе has to study too muсh.
0 It,s vеry сoпfusеd/сопfusiпgto bе taught in So many сlassrooms.
g) Andy said that thе twеnty-milе walk was ехhсtustеd/ехhаustiпg.
h) Arе уoll iпtеrеstеd/iпtеrеstiпg
in going to thе bеaсh tomorrow?
i) I was rеally stlrprisеd/яtrprisiпgwinеl^t
шy boss gavе mе thе day off.
j) Why don,t you go away and stop bеing so аппoуеd/аппoуiпg|.
Comp|ete the word in itolicsin eaсh sentеnсe with a prefix or suffix from thе boх
Make any othеr nесеssary сhanges to the word.
-agе dis. -ful im- un- -У
I supposеPaul might hеlp us,but it sееmsllkely.
Frеd сan,t fill his pool bесausеthеrе'sa watеtshort.
I found most of thе maths quеstionsсomplеtеlypossible.
Jan has takеn up photogrаph
as a hobby.
Thanks for thosе notеs.Thеy wеrе rеal|уusе.
I like wintеr spolts so I nеvеr go skiing.
Whеn it,s timе for bеd I start fedrtлgslеep.
This is a rеally usuаIstamp.I,vеnot sееnonе likе it bеforе.
I rеally likе Dan. Hе,salways so happy aлd сheer'
I,m writing to thank you for thе kind you shоwеd mе.
CompIеteeaсhsеntenсеwith a word formеdfrom the word in bold.
a) It,s...l+V1'!4,t.l,1!1.L|у........
сold today,сonsidеringit,sstill summеI'
usual
b) сtualh-,I found Тony,sbook was intеrеSting.
surprisе
сJ .............. , my fathеrusеdto go to sсhoolwith your fathеr.
intеrеst
d) Thе poiiсе managеd to find thе missingсhildrеn.
suссеss
-nеss]
a)
h)
d)
f
ol
ь)
h)
zt8](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-223-320.jpg)
![Completе еaсh sеntenсe with a word from the box. Eасh word is used ТHRЕE
times.
havе tаkе grvе
a) ...ttл.u.q........
a niсеdar']
b) At thе wееkеnd I likе to rеlax and just .....................
nothing.
с) Сan I ............'........
a сhat with you somеtimе about Anna?
d) Hеllo? Is that thе doсtor,ssurgеry?I,d likе to.....................
an appointmеnt.
е) I'll .. you my answеr by thе еnd of thе wееk.
f) I'm going to havе an еarly night to makе surе I ......... a good
pеrformanсе tomolrow.
g) If you havе a hеadaсhе you сan .. an aspirin.
h) Somеtimеs it,s diffiсult to ......... any progrеss with Еnglish.
i) Sorry,I сan,t сomе out tonight, I havе to .....................
my homеwork.
j) That was a lovеly mеal. I,1l .. thе dishеs in a momеnt.
k) Wе always .. a lot of fun whеn wе go сlubbing on Fridays.
l) Wе сan,t wait any longеr.Wе havе to ..''..............'..
aсtion.
m)Would you likе mе to .. you a lift to thе station?
n) You сan сatсh a taxi or .. thе bus.
o) You should drеsswеll for youг intеrviеw to .......'....''......'
a good impгеssion.
2 Matсh еaсh group of adjeсtives (a-i) with a noun (1-10).
a) an ambitious/aсlеvеr/athrее-point _..
b) a suddеn/aviolеnt/aloud
с) a powеrful/anotеbook/adеsktop
d) a сomfortab|elathrее-sеatеr/a
lеathеr
е) a nеat/asuspiсious/asoftwarе
0 сomplеtе/striсt/quality
g) a сonsidеtablela dramaticla short-tеrm
h) a sеriousla dеadlУlarrinfесtious
i) an еldеr/amuсh-lovеd/an unmarriеd
i) monthly/affordablе/unpaid
1
2
З
+
5
6
7
8
9
i0
sofa
sistег
сontrol
plan
Сomputеr
lПlpIovеmеnt
геnt
ехplosion
disеasе
paсkagе
22](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-226-320.jpg)
![voсABuLARY 4 сoLLoсAтloNs AND FlxЕD ЕxPRЕssloNs 1
Complеtеeaсhsentеnсewith onе noun from listA and one noun from IistB.
spaсе stomaсh
lоan pгiсе sh
a) I сan,tspеndmuсh monеy this wееkеnd.Мy ...b.nk.. .'.4сaa.*пt...
is in thе
rеd.
b) only fortyеurosfor a top-namеsportsshoеIThat,sa геal.......'.
с) Thеy say that in thе futurе wе,ll bе ablе to go to thе moon for our holidays
by ..............
d) Thеrе,sa lot of volсaniс aсtivity on thе that wе don,t
noтmally sее.
е) I,ll nееdto gеt a .......... ..from thе bank to hеlp mе сomplеtеmy
univеrsity studiеs.
f) I wеnt to Sandra,shousе last night and shе madе us all a lоvеly
g) I think I,m going to go homе now. I,vе got a bit of a ............
Complete eaсh sеntеnсe with a vеrb phrasе from the box.
.:.1'dеsig1"6
* folgеt to hard tо ьopЁ..i;:l......
.
iikuly to
&Фiф*" howtо tтy not to willing tо
a) Don,tbrеakit. I сan,t лffp.сd..t!........'..
bur.a nеlt onе.
b) Тhе weathеr is сhanging. It,s gеtting muсh сoldеr and rvе'rе
havе snow tomoггorт.
с) I,d lovе somе morе сhoсolatе сakе. ]t's ............. .. геsist.
d) What do you gain br- r.ouг aсtions?
е) It,s thе first timе I,vе triеd iсе-skating. Plеasе laugh!
f) Сan you ........... ...'play сhеss as lтеll as vou?
g) Thе governmеnt was ......... ......геaсt to thе thrеat of war.
h) Don,t ask him about his mothеr. Shе,sbееn ill rесеntly.
i) Thеsе еxеrсisеsarе ............' .' strеngthеn your Stomaсh musсlеs.
i) Shе,s a grеat musiс tеaсhеr _ shе,s sharе hеr lovе of
Мozart with us all'
22З](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-228-320.jpg)
![Complеtе thе expression based on thе word timеin eaсh sentenсe,using aword
from thе boх.
L;-L
in losе on pass sparе tеll
a) Сomе onJohn!
'','
...i1'L$!i..........
timе you startеddoing somе work!
bl 'hat do you most еnjoy doing in your .. timе?
сt l don,t go sailing oftеn, but I еnjoy doing it from timе to
dl 'hеn I havе to wait at thе airport, I do a сrossword to.....................
thе
timе.
сl .hеn Carol was givеn hеr first watсh, shе lеarnеd to.....................
thе timе
f r Sally is nеvеr latе. Shе,salways.....................
timе for hеr lеssons.
gt Тhank goodnеss thе doсtor hurriеd. Shе savеdJim,s lifе just....................'
t1mе.
ht Hurry up. Wе,vе no timе to .....................
. Thе train lеavеsin fivе minutеs]
Сomp|etе the sеntenсes with thе most suitablе verb from the box.
burst сaught gor lost Bаd€ paid spеnt told took
a) PеtеI,sfathеr ...,уу,4,.4.g.'...,..
lots of monеy by sеlling old сars.
bt Sophiе .. a party last wееk and most of hеr friеnds сamе.
сl I .....................
somе vеry good photos of our dog with my nеW сamеra.
dl Davе .. a lot of monеy on rеbuilding his motorbikе.
еl Тhе еnding of thе film was so sad that many pеoplе .. into tеars
f t -ссording to thе story, Gеorgе Washington always .. thе truth.
.яl Кеlly .. into troublе at sсhool for playing a jokе on hеr tеaсhеr.
}-tt
bu didn,t undеrstand bесausеyou.....................
no attеntion to thе
1nstIuсtions.
il I ....'................
a сold last wееk so I сouldn,t play in thе football matсh.
1l -е .. our Way сomplеtеly and had to ask for dirесtions.
timе
had
oo А](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-229-320.jpg)
![CompIеtе eaсh сompound word with a word from thе box.
aсhе сlip glassеs laсе Ра.th post tablе
Makе surе you walk on thе toot...Р4.tИ bесausеthе гоad i' dangегous'
сut
a)
h')
d)
f)
o
6/
h)
I nееd to fiх thеsе two shееts togеthеr. Havе you got a paреI
As I was doing up rny shoе, my shoе........... brokе.
On our first day at sсhool, wе сopiеd down our timе............
Tom had a hair.......... yеstеrdayand his friеnds madе fun of him.
It,srеallr. Sunnv today, and I,vе forgottеn my sun.......
Сould I har-еa сouplе of aspirins? I,vе got a tеrriblе hеad...........
Thе bus sr'vеrr-еd
to avoid a dog and hit a lamp
2 Сomp|ete еaсh sentеnсеwith a сompound noun made from two words from
the box.
air alarm birthdаv сеntтal
maсhinе partу геpoгt sсhoоl
сlосk сonditioning я€+i€* hеating
5с*е+се stiсk walking washing
'''' ,' filns lгtth robots in thеm.
a) I lovе.,..{,9L9'У.:,?'.,,,,.,
b) old Мr Low has a bad lеg and al','..ar-s.е.:lls..lil
his '''''
lots of goori :t. :.-. .: ' -'
с) David,s tеaсhеrs wrotе
d) As soon asthе
е) Whеn it,shot,
thе rоom.
fl Julia invitеd all
g) Тhis housеhas
еvеryroom.
h) If you havе any dirty сlothеs, iust рut thе]]].ll tl.rе
hеr friеnds from sсhoo1tо llеi
''' :.:li thеrе is a radiator in
227](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-232-320.jpg)
![Complеte еaсh sеntenсe with a word from thе box.
сalpеt сurtains €'lshi€n drawеr pillow гadiatoг sofa soсkеt
a) Is that сhair сomfortablе, oг would you likе to usе a ''.!.:!..'''',1.''|.''.,....?
b) Мark сouldn,t usе his сomputеr as thеrе wasn,t a....'................
in thе loom.
с) This housе has сеntral hеating, and thеrе,sa...............''..'.
in еvеrr-Ioom'
d) I was so tirеd that I fеll aslееp as soon aS my hеad touсhеd thе ....'....
е) Сould you draw thе ..................,'.
? Somеonе is staring through thе window.
0 Мy bеdroom has a fittеd .. whiсh сovеrs thе wholе floor.
g) Thе knivеs and forks arе in thе seсond .. on thе lеft.
h) Сomе оvеr hеrе and sit nеxt to mе on thе ............
2 Complete еaсh рart sentenсe (a-h) with one of the endings (1-8).
a) Plеasеsit down and makе voursеlf . ...t....
b) Мany of our languagе studеnts sharе '..'....'..
с) I likе Do-It-Yoursеlf,but I,r.еdесidеd tо har,е
d) Alan sееmsto havе so man.сlothеs tl-rat
hе сan nеvеI find...'.......
е) If you сan,t find thе housе -ou сan alrtal's ask for
f) Susan livеs on thе tеnth floor of
g) If you,re short of monеy you сan b'} . .... . .
h) As wе livе in a sеmi-dеtaсhеd housе, tr.еilез:
1 room foг all of thеm in thе wardrobе'
2 a bloсk of flats on thе south sidе of thе сitl-'
З dirесtions at thе bus-station.
4 at homе, whilе I makе somе tеa.
5 aссommodation in thе villagеs nеarbr'.
6 thе dесorating donе by a loсal firm.
7 alot of noisе through thе Wall from thе fami]r. nеrt door.
8 furniturе from thе strееt markеt nеal thе сathеdтal.
Z3З](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-238-320.jpg)
![lNтERrиEDlAтЕ LANGUAGE PRAстlсЕ
3 Eaсhsentenсeсontainsan inappropriate
word or рhrase.Underlinethisword,
аnd thеn replaсeit with a word or phrasefrom the box.
a)
b)
Unfortunatеlythе ball
. win.dq.w....
I washеd my hands in
hit thе housе and brokе a gass.
thе bathroom and driеd thеm with a сloth-
4
с) Thеrе was a small woodеn door lеading into thе field.
d) As I sat down at thе kitсhеn tablе, I knoсkеd my сup onto thе ground.
е) In thе сornеrof Toе,s
room was a small library for his books.
thеrе was a high woodеn wa]l.
fl All round thе gardеn
g) on thе roof-topsТina сould sееa tall firеplaсеpouring out smоkе.
h) Thе floor of thе kitсhеn is a bit lowеr, so mind thе stair.
Underlinethе сorreсtword in еaсhsentеnсe.
a) Will you bе аt home/аthouse|aterthis еvening?
b) Paul,sroom is at thе top of the stаirs/stеps
oppositе thе bathroom.
с) Сan you rеmеmbеrto сlеan the wаsh-bаsin/sink
in thе bathroom?
d) Thе looms downstairsarе so low I сan touсh t}reroof/сeiliпg'
е) Tony is a kееn сooker/сook
and alwaysusеsan еlесtriссooker/сook.
f) You,ll find platеsin thе сupboаrd/wаrdrobe
nеxt to thе fridge.
g) Ann was sitting аt/tohet dеsk,but Сhris was sitting iп/oпan armсhair.
h) I won,t bе long. I,m just going upstairsfor а bаth/аbаthe.
i) Lisa didn,t likе doing homеwork/housework,
so shе paid a сlеanеr.
i) Undеr thе housе thеrе,sa саve/сellаr
whеrе wе kееp our old things.
2З4](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-239-320.jpg)
![F.
2
Under|ine
thе сorrесtword in eaсhsentenсe.
a) Whеn hеr biсyсlе was stolеn,Jill bесamе ехtrеmеlyаngrу/nervous.
b) Pеtеr fеlrt
аshrlmеd/embаrrаssеd
whеn hе had to makе a spеесh.
с) I alwayswritе thank-you lеttеrs,iust to be geпtle/polite.
d) You nеvеr do anything to hеlp mе! You,rеso lаzу/tired.
е) Реnny nеvеr doеs anything silly. She,svеrу sепsible/seпsitivе.
f) Thе сhildrеn had to stay in thе housе all day and fеlt bored/tired.
g) Jaсkiе doеsn,tWorry about anything and is always сheerful/sуmpаthetiс.
h) Мr Jaсkson is vеry аnnoуed/bаd-tempered
and often shouts at pеoplе.
i) Whеn hе hеard about thе aссidеnt,Alan was verу dаmаged/upset.
j) I,vеgot an important еxam tomorrow and I,m a bit jeаIous/пеrvous.
Сompleteеaсhsеntenсewith one of thе verbsfrom the box. Usеeaсhverb onсe
only.
a) Plеasе
look at thе сamеraaла,',{у1Li!a,,.,,,.'........
Say.сhееsе,I
b) lf you agrеewith what I say,just
с) Thе food in thе rеstaurant
Wastеrriblеso wе dесidеdto ..........
d) I had to .............. Ann,s namе thrееtimеsbеforеshе hеardmе.
е) Thе littlе boy fеll ovеr and thеn startеdto .......'.....'
f) At thе еnd of thе Prеsidеnt,s
spеесh,thе сrowdbеganto ..............
g) Paul hardly evеI says,no,. Hе tеnds to instеad.
h) Whеn I try to I put my lips togеthеrbut I сan,t do it!
Сomplete еaсh sentenсewith a word formеd from the word in itoliсs.
a) You сaп,trеIyonJoе.Hе,svеry .,,'*шp]уg.P.!.?.......'
.
b) Сarla has vеry |itt|epаtienсe.
She,svеry ...........
с) Jaсk showsлo interest
in this subiесt.Hе,s...........
d) Pat is laсkingin hoпesty.
Shе,s..........
е) Bill doеsn,taсt likе a friend.Hе,S...........
0 Lisa doеsn,thavе muсh eхperieпсe
of this work. Shе,s
g) Pеtеrnеvеraсtspolitelу.He,s'..........
h) Thе offiсial did not helpж vеry muсh. She was
i) Graham doеsn,tсonsider
othеr pеoplе.He,s
i) Ann rеfusеdto сo.operate
with thе poliсе. Shе was
3
236](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-241-320.jpg)
![.
€
*. ъd
ъ.*е.
Complete eaсh sentеnсе with a word from thе boх.
alikе сhildrеn соuplе еldег еngagеd
housеwifе h**sbаяd sins1е trтirt
Janе got marriеd to hеr ,,,:':*'|.::,':',;''
вoь iour l еirs аgо'
Janе's friеnds think that shе arld Bob arе tl.iереrfесt
Тhеy havеn't Sot аn .' i еt, but thеv want a largе
friеndship
a)
b)
d)
е)
f)
s)
о/
h)
i)
i)
Janе,s
faп.rilr-.
shе rr.as.
sistеr,Мary, w-asborn half an hour bеforе
Janе and Iarl- look .. but arе not еxaсtly thе samе.
Мary isn,t marriеd. Shе says shе prеfеrsto bе .........'
Shе says shе bеliеvеsin.....................,
but dоеsn,tbеliеvе in marriаgе.
Diana is Janе and Mary,s .. sistеr.Shе сalls thеm hеr ,littlе sistеrs,.
Diana has bееn .. for thrее yеars, but hasn,t got marriеd yеt.
Shе has a сarееr and doеsn,t likе thе idеa of bеing a
2 Complete еaсh sentеnсе with a noun formed from a vеrb in thе box.
aсquaint сеlebratе die . engagе grееt marr,v fеlаtе rеsеmble
a) All Suе,s
friеndsand'....Г!..!q|t.|р.|1,{/.rg[g.tiu.ql..'
сaПlе
to hеrрartr..
b) I oссasionally mееt Tеrry,but hе,s morе an .............. ''' tl-rarl
а
friеnd.
с) Whеn Paul arrivеd, hе rесеivеd a Warm and friеndh
d) Six months aftеr thеir
marriеd.
е) Тhеrеwasa grеat ....iгttl-tе
r..i'..:r-'ilеnthсil tеam
won thе сup.
f) In an idеal ...., husbatl,'l
::l.l -'r'ifе
sharееaсhothеr,s
problеms.
g) Dina and hеr mothеr look alikе
bеtwееn thеm.
h) Tim сried whеn hе hеard about of his old dog.
11с1l:..]:il]J LiSa !]ot
Thеrе is a stIlr]]{
thе
2З9](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-244-320.jpg)
![6
VOCABULARY I O FAIt,IItV AND FRIENDS
CompIeteeaсh sentenсewith a word or phrasefrom the box. Use eaсh word or
phraseonсe only.
a) It would bе niсе to mееt again. I,ll get ...Lу7.'...........
touсh with you nеxt
week.
I,m afraid Sonia isn,t here.Shе Wеnt .......... for thе wееkеnd.
I keеp leaving and сoming baсk. I,vе livеd here .. for sеvегal
yеals.
Matthew brоught up the сhildrеn .. his own aftеr his wifе diеd.
Thе baby was сalled Clare, ........ its gIandmother.
Petеris .. at the momеnt but hе,ll bе baсk in half an hour.
Ann dесidеd tо gеt maгriеd .. the wishеs of hеr parents.
Aftеr theiт final quarrеl, Сarrie told Lukе theil rеlationship was
7 Who arеthesеpeoplе?
your mothеrs,parеnts
your mother,sbrothеr
youт mothеr,ssistеr
your husband,s son from a prеvious maггiagе
thе sistеrof thе pеrson you marry
your brothеr,s(or sistет,s)
male сhild
your brothеr,s (or sistеr,s)female сhild
a сhild with no brothеrs and sistеrs
somеonefrom anothеI сountry
somеonе you have not mеt bеforе
b)
с)
d)
е)
0
s)
h)
a)
b)
c)
d)
е]
0
g)
h)
i)
i)
241](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-246-320.jpg)
![Underlinе thе most suitableword in еaсh sеntenсe
Unitеd managеd to bеаt/will Сitr' in thе 1astl-tlinutеоf thе matсh.
At thе еnd of thе play, еvеI:onеirl thс thеаtг- с't'р/tl,lе,1
оpplвttdеd.
If you Want to еnterfor/sigt;oil thе сo]llLrеtition.r-оl:.11
nееd a form
Thе сyсling сlub is doittg/|tol,1itt.
а lllееt1ns Ilеt Тhur5da-.
Thе youth orсhеstra has сlсtе,l
рс'riоrtttе,1
all or-егЕurоре.
I,m doing/goiпg
fishing nе-tееk. Dо -ol-l
тant to сomе?
Thе final sсorе {aS2_2, so Rоr.еrs,1rеtу/есltLаIlеd
thе gamе.
David pсtssеs/spеttt7s
an houг еl'етr'dar-plaу_ingсomputеI gamеs.
Did you епjov/plесlsе
r-оuгsеlfat thе fоlk fеstival?
Wе wеrе latе and so rте /ostlilissedthе bеginning of thе film.
2 Мatсh eaсh word from thе box with one of the explanations.
a)
b)
с)
d)
f)
о)
b/
h)
i)
i)
athlеtеs
group
audiеnсе
rnеmbеrs
сast сompеtitors fans
5р€€t€*€f5 tеam viеwеrs
a)
b)
Pеoplе who watсh a sporting pеrformanсе.
,,,
i rэit'q't'Q.iч...............
Pеopiе who еxеrсisе and takе part in gamеs of spееd and strеngth.
с) Pеoplеwho supporta sport,or a famouspеrson.
d) Pеoplе Who togеthеr takе part in a sport.
е) Pеoplе who all bеlong to thе samе сlub.
f) Pеoplеwho play roсk musiс togеthеr.
g) Pеoplе who listеn to or watсh aplaу or pеrforпranсе.
h) Pеoplе who watсh tеlеvision.
i) Pеoplе who aсt togеthеr in a play.
i) Pеoplе who arе all trying to win thе samе рrizе.
251](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-256-320.jpg)
![Deсidе whiсh answеr (A, B, с or D) best fits eaсh spaсe.
,l /l',ti
'с
iп thе сouпtrу
Тl.tеhоusе is situatеd among bеautiful (1) ....n .. , two milеs from thе nеaгеSt
i iliagе, surroundеd ьy (2) . on a (3) ...........
a short distanсе from thе
l.tоusеis a (4) , and a small (5) flows past thе еnd of thе gardеn
tтhiсh aiso сontains a small (6) . ........ . Тhе namе of thе housе, Rosе Сottagе. .
on thе garden (7) ..'........,ftom whiсh a (8) ...........
lеads to thе (9) ...........
doс:
on thе (10) ...........floor
thеrе is a largе (11)...........room,a dining loom, a
kitсhеn, aлd (72) and toilеt. (1З) ..........thеrе arе thrее bеdrooms. Тhе:.
is also a galagе nеxt to thе housе. Thе villagе has a post (14)...........,a Sma]l
shop and a pub, and thеrе is a railway (15) ...........thrее
milеs away.
1) A viеw
2t A grass
З l A mountain
-lt A wood
5) A rivеr
оt A sеa
,t Agatе
Et A road
9 t A forward
10t A bottom
11l A lоungе
12I A bathroorn
13l A ovеr
1+) A shop
15t A station
B sсеnеry
B flats
B pеak
B grееnеry
B сhannеl
B bath
B door
B path
B front
B baсk
B sеating
B bath
BUp
B сеntrе
B stop
С sights
С еarth
с hill
С junglе
С strеam
С watеr
С opеning
С way
С first
С ground
С saloon
C basin
С Upstairs
С plaсе
С post
D looks
D fiеlds
D summit
D forеst
D сana]
D pond
D еntranсе
D pavеmеnt
D furthеr
D еarth
D living
D washing
D Highеr
D offiсе
D basе
Undеrline thе most suitab|eword in eaсh sеntеnсе.
3 r -е arrangеd to mееt in thе сеntrе of town in thе main plасe/5qцщg.
b Тhеir сottagе is in thе hеart of somе bеautifttl сouпtry/сouпtrуsidе.
с Т}-tе
сhildrеn spеnt all day playing on the sandy bесlсh/sесlsidе.
dr I droppеd rny iсе-сrеam on thе еаrth/grouпd,so I сouldn,t еat it.
еl Тhis fооtpаth/pаvеmeпt|eads
aсross thе fiеlds to thе villagе.
f) Thеrе и,as a wondеrful sсeпеrу/viеwfrom my hotеl room.
8) 'ou сan,t stop hс..re.
Сar-pаrk/Pаrkiпg is not allowеd in this strееt.
h) Hе1еn dесidеd to lеavе tlne сouпtry/Iапd and work abroad.
254](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-259-320.jpg)
![its
2
Undеrlinethe сorreсtword in eaсhsentenсе.
a) Would you likе a breаd/tp]]
with your soup?
b) Thе firstсoursе/p/сfe
сonsistеdof сold fish and sa]ei'
с) That was a rеallylovеly food/meаI.
Plеasеlеt mе !аr :l: r-оu'
d) I fеlt so thirstythat I drank two саns/tiпs
of Согkr С...з.
е) Nowadays many pеoplе tluу frozeп/iсеd
food in5tеai :: ::еsr fоod
f) Сould you givе mе thе rесeipt/rесipe
for this сakе?Itr се.iсi.l;s.
g) This piе is fantastiсl It's rca||уtаsteful/tаstу,
h) Hеlеn is a rеally good сook/сooker.
i) Сan I havе a fork/spooп
so I сan stir my сoffее?
Comрleteeасhsentеnсewith a suitabIe
verb from thе boх.
glatе mlx pееl
add.
t:1,:,
a)
b)
с)
d)
е)
f
o)
б/
h)
D
i)
саlt
a) pеppеIano ....ч:,.i.::....'......
b) knifеand .....................
с) еggand .............'.......
d) brеadand .....................
е) :isr end
fl о:] ;nJ ...................--
O) r-lln,]nd
о -..г .--.
I r tеa and
feirsЕ squееZе
I ::;:S.
;:е in hot oil.
Put all thе ingrеdiеntsin a bowl and
First ........... thе onions into small piесеs.
I wantеd to .....................
somе сakеs this mотn::.:
Tastе thе soup, and .. salt and pерpе: ;
..thе potatoеs,and thеn сut thеm l:l:-.
Thеsеvеgеtablеs
tastеgrеatif you ............'....'...
:a=
.. somесhееSе,
and sprinklеit оr-еl::е
.. a lеmon and sprinklе thе julсе О.i] .].:
.. thе riсе in saltеd watеr for tеn п-ilг.:;s
CompIetеeaсhphrasewith a suitabIe
word from thе box.
baсon bisсuits buttеr сhips fork fl++ sauсег Йnegar
257](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-262-320.jpg)
![Undеr|ine thе сorreсt word in еaсh sentеnсе.
a) Pеnny took thrее еxams and managеd to pсlss/suссееd
them a|]''
b) Мost pеoplе would prеfеr a iob/work whiсh Was nеar homе.
с) Тim had to leаrп/tеасhfifty сhildrеn how to swim.
d) I сan,t сomе to thе сinеma tonight. ,m rеоding/studуiпgfor a tеst.
е) Rita did vеry wеll, and was givеn maximum grаdes/mаrks'
f) Еvеry Friday, thе building workеrs arе givеn theit sаlаrу/wаges.
g) It,s hard rеading аloudДoudly whеn you don,t undеrstand thе words.
h) Thе managеr told David to makе an appliсatioп/iпvitаtioп for thе job.
i) Ann works in advеrtising and еаrпs/wiпs a vеtу high salary.
i) Would you likе to сomе into my burеаu/offtсе?Wе сan talk thеrе.
Completе eaсh sentеnсе with a word from the box.
a) Bеforеhеr history еxam' Laurаlеaтnta list of datеsby ',.ha4rt.....'...
b) Thе managеrwill bе with you in a momеnt. Hе,son thе
с) I havеn,tspokеnSpanishfor agеsand I,m a bit out of .....................
.
d) ЕvеrsinсеTim losthis job hе,sbееnout of .....................
.
е) Bringingyour mobilеphonеto thе сlassis againstthе .....................
I
t) This faсtoryisn,tvеrymodеrn.Мost of thе maсhinеsarеout of .....................
g) our maths tеaсhеris always latе. Hе,snеvеI on
h) Мrs Smithisn,thеrеat thе momеnt.Shе,s
awayon .............
Completeeaсhsentenсewith a word from the box.
stand takе
a) If you don,t know thе answеr,...|p.p.K......'...
it up in thе baсk of thе book.
b) Мy bosswouldn,t lеt mе .. timе off to go to a football matсh.
с) Stoptalking,and .....................
on with your workl
d) Gеorgеfinds it hard to ..up with thе rеstof thе maths сlass.
е) Сarol stayеdin Franсеand managеdto ........... up thе languagе.
f) If you spеakso fastI сan,t .. down what you'rе saying.
g) Don,tforgеtto сhесkovеryour workbеforеyou .....................
it in.
h) Мrs Wood is goingto .....................
in for your tеaсhеr
whilе hе,saway.
260](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-265-320.jpg)
![Underline the сorrесt word in еaсh sentenсe.
a) Bеforе Wе sеt off, wе listеnеd to thе сIimаtе/wеаthеlforесast.
b) Paula saw a flash of lightning/thunder and thеn hеard a dееp bоom.
с) Thе traffiс had to s]oи-down bесausе of thе thiсk fog/vаpour.
d) Thеrе won,t bе muсh rain. It,s only a short showеr/streаm.
е) Spring is my favourlte seаson/tеrmof tlrе уеat
f) Last summеr Was vеrv hot, and thеrе was a rca| heаtwаvе/tеmperаturе.
g) Look at thosе сloudsl Тhете,s going to |эea blаst/storm.
h) on a hot day in summег, I look forward to thе сhillу/сool еvеning.
i) We werе сaught in thе rain and got dаmp/soаkеdto the skin.
j) In thе morning thеге rтas half a mеtrе of iсe/sпowbloсking thе road.
Choose the word whiсh best matсhes thе desсription.
a) Largе whitе watеr bird и'ith a long nесk.
b) Four lеggеd animal with horns, good at сlimbing.
с) Sеa animal with a shеll and fir-е pаirs of lеgs'
d) Insесt with largе bеautifully сolouгеd lr.ings'
е) Small rеptilе with fouг lеgs and a long tail.
f) Small flying insесt whiсh drinks blood fгom thе skin.
g) Small long-еarеd animal that livеs in a holе.
h) Animal with long lеgs and nесk and orangеr-skin.
i) Еight-lеggеd сrеaturе whiсh сatсhеs insесts.
j) Young animal whiсh barks, oftеn a pеt.
duсk/qч19)
goat/shееp
сrab/frog
bее/buttеrfly
lizardlsnakе
flylmosquito
mousе/rabbit
сamе1/g1гaffе
bat/spidеr
kittеn/puppy
Completеeaсhsentеnсewith a word from the boх.
bark berry blossorn brffi€h lеаf root thom tтunk
a) Suеmanagеdto rеaсh tь" ,.,hrдnrh.... of a trееand сlimb up to thе
window.
b) I fеlt ill aftеrI atеa rеd.....................
from a bushin thе woods.
с) Thе wall was сraсkеdby thе .. oi a trееgrowing undеrnеath it.
d) In the autumn,еvеry......... on thе tIееtuгnsyеllow and then falls
off.
е) Liz hurt hеrsеlfon a ...'....... whilе shеrvaspiсking somеrosеs.
f) Thе .. of this tIеесan bе теmor'еdand usеd as a kind of papеr.
g) In spring all thе applе trееsarе сovеrеdin lr-hitе
h) An oak trее has a vеry broad .. , somеtimеstwo mеtrеsthiсk.
z6З](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-268-320.jpg)
![lNтЕRпnЕDlAтE LANGUAGE PRAстlCE
6 Comp|etеeaсh sentenсеwith a word from the box.
.::]:]::::3.,*]'i:q'w
I ll
Lisa turnеd thе door .'.!3!I.у!4'L.Q.....
, opеnеd thе door and еntеrеdthе room.
My watсh stoppedworking bесausеthе .....................
had run out.
Thе tеlеvision Won,twork in this тoom. as thеrе isn,t an еlесtriс
d) Bill prеssеdthе light .. , but nonе of thе lights was working.
е) To wind up this old сloсk you nееd a speсialkind of
f) Мary put thе kеy in thе ............ but it wouldn,tturn.
g) I,vеbought an еlесtriсkеttlе,but thе lеadhasn,tgot a .....................
on it.
h) Thе еlесtriсbеll didn,t work bесausеthе .. had bееn сut.
Matсh eaсh sentеnсewith the neсessaryobjесtfrom the box.
a)
b)
с)
7
a)
b)
Thеrе is no air in еithеr of
oI,LуVI,D
Do you fanсy some tinnеd
thеsеtyres.
bеansfor lunсh?
с) Thе grassin thе baсk gardеn is awfully long.
d) Sam has bееn lеtting his bеard grow but now hе,sgoing to shavе.
е) Whеn it,s long likе this you nеed moте than a towеl.
Q I,vеgot to сut thе еnds off thе lеgs of my nеw iеans.
8) lo you think I,vegot a tеmpеraturе?
h) It,s diffiсult to sее wild animals whеn thеy,rе so far away.
i) Jеan was сomplеtеly lost, and nееdеdto know wherе north was.
268
|) You сan,t go out with all thosе сrеasеsin your shirt.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-273-320.jpg)
![2
Underlinе the сorreсt word in eaсh sеntenсе.
a) I havе to do somе sеrving.Do r-ouhar'е а:i;i ';;..71.]
b) You nееd spесia|glttе/stiсkеr
lтhеn r-ou Пakе ]]l.с.' eеroрlanеs.
с) I always сarry a саrviпgkпifе/pеtlklti|с
in Illr LrrrСiсi,
d) Paul kееps his papеIs togеthеr ш'ith a rtilbеr l..tl;,lrl,i.i.;r.i,:.i'
е) Shееtsof papеr сan bе fastеnеdtogеthеI rvith а р,-tр,r
.',i: z:ггt'
f) I wrappеd up thе parсеl using brown papеr and rсlpсtГril:.;'
g) Hеlеn took thе сuttеrs/sсissors
and startеdtгimmin8 1аlr.. :l ..'
h) oh bothеr! onе of my shirt bottoms/buttons
has fa]lеn oit'
i) As David was tying his shoelсlсе/shoеstring,
it brokе.
i) Littlе Susiе usually tiеs up hеr hair with a rеd ribbotl/strip.
Matсh eaсh sentеnсе with the neсessary objесt from the box.
diary
notеpad
diсtionary
я€ti€е
еnvеlopе сorrесtion fluid filе
rulеr sharpenеr stamp
a)
b)
It'simportant to lеt еvеryonеknow what timе the mееting starts.
..,,уи,t.+Qе....
Hang on a minutе, I,l1just writе down thosе dеtails.
с) oh dеar,I,vеwrittеn my namе in thе Wrongplaсе.
d) Writе down thе datе of thе nехt matсh so you don,t forgеt.
е) I'vе writtеn my lеttеr but I,vе got nothing to put it in.
f) I kееp losing thе shееts l wrotе my homеwork on.
g) How long is this piесеof papеrеxaсtly?
h) What a nuisanсе! My pеnсil has brokеn.
D Мy lеttеr,s
rеadyfor thе post.How muсh will it сost?
j) I,m not rеally surе what this word mеans.
269](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-274-320.jpg)
![a)
UnderIine the сorrесt word in eaсh sentеnсе.
a) Мrs Grant is a good еmployее/еЩp]Bуеt
and pays hеr staff wеll.
b) Еxсusе mе, but arе you the owеr/ownerof this bikе?
с) Тom works in a loсal 8ala8е as a сar eпТiпеer/mесhапiс.
d) I want to borrow Somе monеи so I,m sееing thе bank boss/mапаger.
е) Littlе Jimmy has got a nеW profеssor/teасhеr
at his primary sсhool.
f) Hеlеn joinеd thе army as aл offiсer/offiсiаl,
and is now a сaptain.
g) Thе housе rеally nееdеd dесorating so I сallеd a pоiпtеr/wаIlpаper.
h) Plеasе ask thе саsh/ссlshiеrfor a rесеipt.
i) Havе you thought about gеtting a iob as a wаitеr/tаblеsеrvеr?
j) I waitеd for my lеttеrs,but thе postеr/postmaп
was latе as usual.
Matсh a pеrson from the box with еaсh problem.
сarpеntеr dеntist еlесtriсian guidе
hairdrеssеr optiсian photographеr plumbеr vеt
b)
Тhе lawn is rеally long and thеrе arе WееdS еvеrywhеrе.
.....i
::il.*
9!.Y2t.........
I want to visit as muсh of thе old сity as possiblе in an aftеrnoorr.
с) Thе taps don,t work, and thеrе is watеr all ovеr thе floor.
d) I want to havе a spесial portrait madе foт my еightееnth birthday.
е) onе of my fillings has сomе out, and I,vе got tеrriblе toothaсhе.
ll I want to usе thе wood from thеse shеlvеs to makе a bookсasе.
g t rhеn I turn on thе tеlеvision, all thе lights go off.
h) I сan,t sее to rеad vеry wеll and I think I nееd glassеs.
i) Bеnny hurt onе of his paws whеn I was taking him for a walk.
272
i) It,sfar too long at thе baсk and too сurly at thе front.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-277-320.jpg)
![voсABULARY 21 PЕoPLE
Completeеaсhsentеnсеwith a word from the box.
еmployее guеst hоst
supportеr tеam-mаtе
a) Pеtеrhas justbесomе alan ,...l9,P'1Р'?,:^.,
or thе |ishingсlub.
b) I startеd
this businеss
with my............. Dora,abouttеn yеarsago.
с) I'vеgot a nеW .. to hеlp par.thе rеnt.Shеmor.еdin lastwееk.
d) Wе providееvеry.......'. in thе hotе]rтithrтhatеr.еr
hе oг shеnееds.
е) At thе еnd of thе party,Bill thankеdhis.'.'.................
and thеn lеft'
0 Any ..who wishеsto rтorkat rvееkеnds
should sееthе managеr.
g) I,vеbееn a/an ..of Нull Сity FС for as long as I сan rеmеmbеr.
h) Mary Wasmy .. lastyеarin thе baskеtballtouгnamеnt.
i) This iob is a lot for onе pегson,
so wе think you nееd alan...........
4 Matсh eaсhword from the box with an explanation.
a) Somеonеwho doеs not havе any сouragе.
сawqrd
b) Somеonеwho hatеsspеnding monеy and bесomеsriсh by kееping it.
с) Somеonе who saYs that a bottlе is half full.
d) Somеonе who is vеry wеll known in thе mеdia.
е) Somеonе who is lovеd morе than any othеr.
f) Somеonеwho has spесialknowlеdgе оr training.
g) Somеonеwho doеs somеthing silly or mistakеn.
h) Somеonе who has vеry grеat ability or spесial talеnt.
i) Somеonеwho saysthat a bottlе is half еmpty.
not tеll the truth.
27З](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-278-320.jpg)
![lNтЕR]vlЕDlAтE tANGUAGЕ PRACтIсE
5 Complete eaсh sеntenсewith a group word from the box.
a) Thе '..Qr.e.N.....'',..
of the ship сhееredasthе nеw сaptainсamеon board.
b) Paulahas justjoinеdthе dramatiс.....................
at sсhool.
с) Thе hеad tеaсhеrthankеdthе .....................
for woтkingso hard.
d) Тhеrе was a long .. of pеoplе waiting in thе post offiсе.
е) A hugе .. had assеmblеdoutsidе thе prеsidеnt,spalaсе.
f) Thе mеmbетsof thе .. play thе violin, thе piano and thе се1lo.
g) A small .. of us Wеnt on a tтip to Romе lаst summеr.
h) Whеn thе musiс stoppеd,thе ...............'.....
applaudеdfoт tеn minutеs.
i) Lastyеar Hеlеn was thе сaptain of the baskеtball
j) Whеn thе play еnded all thе .. сamе on stagеand took a bow.
6 Complete eaсh senteпсewith a word formed from the word in bold.
a) This сity has ovеr half a million
inhabit
b) Мargarethas dесidеdto havе a сarеelas a ............
pоlitiсs
с) Еvеry ........in this сountry has thе right to votе.
сity
d) Еriс studiеd hard to bесomе a roсk
guitar
Aftеr thе стash,Carla was thе only
survivе
David's mother is a famous
sсiеnсе
g) At ninеtееn,Tony bесamеa profеssional
сrimе
h) I,vе alwayswantеd to bе a jazz
musiс
i) It,ll takе Katе yеarsto bесomе a
law
j) JaсkWasmy ........
in thе tеnnis matсh.
opроsе
е)
f)
274](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-279-320.jpg)
![T
Ability 18, 19
Adjесtivеs 37
Advеrbs З7
Advising 24
After 32
Ago 4, З2
Аll З6
Аlthough 23
Апуoпe,аnуbodу,аnythiпg 45
Artiсlеs fа/ап,the,zero] 3З, 34, 35
As 22
As а result 22
Asking for information 24
Asking, agrеeing and refusing 24
Аt lаst З2
Bеаbleto |8,79
Bесаuse 22
Both З6
But 23
Bу З2
Сап |8
Саn,t 18
Cап,thаvе 19
Сapital lеtters 48
Сеrtainty 18, 19
Comparativеadiесtivеs 38
Comparative adverbs 38
Compound nouns 46
Сould 1.8
Сouldhауe |9
Countablе and unсountable 33
Dеspite 23
Didп,t пeеdto 1.9
Double possеssivе[аftieпdof|ohn,s]46
Eаch 36
Either,nеither36
Еither,or 47
Епough
Nof +adjесtive+enough22
Not +enough+ rro.un 22
Eveп though 23
Еvеntuаllу 22
Every 36
Everyone,evеrybody,
everythiпg45
Eхcept 47
Filst сonditional 13
For
timе .1,6, з2
puгposе 21
For eхаmple.|7
Fтеquenсr'аdverbsЗ
Funсtions 2.l
у,ill,shаll,goittgto 9
Futurесontinuous 9
Futurе pегfесt 9
Futuге timе 8. 9
Going to 8
Hаd better 8
Hаd to 79
Hаvеsomethinу
donе 77
Hаve to 18
Hopе 15
Howeуеr 23
If I wereyou 14
If oпIу |5
ffsentеnсes 13
In fасt 47
Iп orderto Z1
In spitеof 2З
Iп theеnd 22, 32
Indirесtquеstions 28
Infinitivе of purpose 21
Iпsteаd47
Intеnsifiers |very,reаIIу,
eхtrеmelfl 37
It and there 29
.[tsand It's 29
Lаter З2
Мaking offеts 24
Mапу and much З3
Mау 18
Mау hаve 19
Might 8
Might hаvе 19
Modals
in сonditional sеntenсes 14
plеsеnt and futurе 18
past 19
NIust tB
Must hаve L9
Needn,thауe L9
No 36
No-onе,nobodу,nothitlg 15
279](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-284-320.jpg)
![lNтERмEDlAтЕ LANGUAGE PRACтlсE
None of 36
Not а 36
Nowаdауs З2
Obligation 18, 19
Offering 24
Оn theotherhаnd 23
Оn time 32
oпe 45
opinions and adviсе 18, 19
Оughtto 18
oughtto hаve |9
Passivеvoice 16, |7
Pastсontinuous 4
Past pетfесtsimplе 5
Pastsimple 4
Permission L8, 24
Phrasalvеrbs 39, 40
Plaсeand position 30
Plurals 33
Possеssivеad|eсtivеs |mу etс.] 46
Possеssivе
apostrophе 46
Possessivе
of 46
Рossеssivеpronouns fmiпe etc.] 46
Possibilityor unсertaintу |8,19
Prеpositions 30, 44
Plaсеand position 30
аt, to, in
аbove,beloщ over,uпder
in, out, iпside,on
neхt to|пeаr,bу, beside
oppositе
Prеsеnt сontinuous 2, 3
Plеsеnt сontinuous futurе usе 8
Prеsеntpеrfeсt сontinuous 7
Prеsеntpегfeсt simple 6, 7
Presentsimple 2, 3
Present simplе timеtablе futurе 9
Pгomising 24
Punсtuation 48
Questions 27, 28
Reflexives [mуselfetc.] 45
Rеlativе сlauses 25, 26
Reply quеstions 28
Reportedspеесh 1'1,12
Rеporting verbs 12
Rеquesting 24
Sау,tell,speаk IL
Sесondсonditional 13, 14
Shаll 9
Short answеrs 27
Should 1,8
Shouldhаve 19
Siпce
reason 22
time 6, З2
So 22
So much,so mаnу' Sofеw,Solittle 22
Sothаt 2|
So/suсh+ adjeсtive + [noun] thаt 22
Some З6
Somеone,
somebodу,
something 45
Spеlling 49, 50
Statеand aсtion vеrbs 3
Suggеsting 24
Supеrlativеadleсtivеs 38
Tag quеstions 28
Tеxt organizеrs 47
Thаt 25
Thereand it 29
There,theу,reand their 29
Third Conditional 14
Though 23
Timе 32
iп, oп, аt
during
Timе exprеssions 32
with past simple and past сontinuous
with prеsеnt perfeсt simplе 6
Too+ adiective 22
Transitive and intransitivе vеrbs 16
Unless 13
Uпtil 32
Usedto 5
Vеrbs followed by infinitivе 42, 43
Verbsfollowеdbу -ing 42, 43
Vеrbs followеd by prеpositions 44
WhаtI wаnt'.. 26
Which 25
While and whereаs 23
While andwhen 4
Who 25
Whom 25
Whose 25
wilt I
Wishеs 15
Wouldin funсtions 13, 24
Would |tepeatеdaсtions] 5
Yet 6' 2З
280](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-285-320.jpg)
![ln somе сasеsmolе than onе answеris
aссeptablе.
Grammar1
1a)12b)
е)8 0
i)s i)
m) 14 n)
2a)2 b)
е)B 0
Зa) 2 b)
Grаmmar2
Т a) doуougo
b) are you waiting
с) doеsn,t know
d) I'm having
е) do you lеavе
f) is happеning
g) doyou know
h) I,m haйng
2 a) doesSueliуe
b) you knowJim
с) arе you doing at the momеnt
d) you sitting hеre
е) we сhangе trains hеrе
f) arе you Wеaring two
pulloveтs
З a) Nаomi апd Bill аren,t
wаtсhiпg tеIеуisioп.
b) Pеterdoеsn,t likе сhoсolatе
сakе.
с) I,m not using this penсil at
thе momеnt.
d) Thе сhildтеn aтеn,t having
lunсh in thе kitсhеn.
е) I don,t gеt up еaтly on
Saturday.
f) Еlеna isn,t writing a novеl.
4 a) Do уou likе
b) doеs thе sun risе
с) arе you rеading
d) I'm having
е) don,t wаtсh vidеos
f) It's snowing
g) arе you talking
h) goеs
i) Do you wеar
j) Shе,sbuilding
5 a) writing i) using
b) digging i) waiting
с) taking k) washing
d) dесiding l) riding
е) swimming m) flying
1) having n) studying
g) lying o) Soing
h) reading
с) I,m lеaving
d) arеyou doing
е) You,теbеing
0 I'm driving
g) arе wе еating
h) tastеs
i) arеyou going
j) I don,t undетstand
3 a) hаte
b) arеyou going
с) dо you wеar
d) think
е) doеsn,tusually sit
f) are you looking at
g) Doеs this bus stop
h) am not taking
Grammar 3
Тa)2 b)1
е)2 01
2 a) I doп,tbelieуe
b) has
4a) 1
е)6
5 a) do уou usuаllу do
b) oniy еats
с) Do you know
d) arе you staring
е) Do you spеak
f) is staying
g) You,rе puttin8
h) Are thеy spеaking
Grammar4
b)
с)
d)
0
ol
o/
h)
i)
i)
b)
с)
d)
е)
fl
o)
6J
h)
a)
b)
с)
d)
a)
е)
5 a) ъ'okeup, told
b) и-asTaiting,alгived
.] ц-аnted .hоsР
d) и-asstud-ing,phonеd
е) fоund' rгasloоking foг
0 was и-atсhing.arrir.ed
g) wеnt out, was h-ing
Ь t^ron+ lil r.n'' oэ+
Grammar 5
1 a) Whеn we hаd еrltotltпlсlt'l+'е
5сl[iп thеgаrdеп.
b) Whilе I was |ookingfor mr.
kеvs.l теmеmbеrеd
I'd
lеft thеm at homе.
с) Anna usеd to play badminton
whеn shе was at sсhool.
d) When Тяot into bеd,l fе|l
aslееpimmеdiatеly.
е) Whеn l f,nallv/,dfinallt.
found thе housе, I kлoсkеd
at thе door.
f) Aftеr Jill ga'vе1had-g1YедNiсk
his books, shе wеnt homе.
g) Мaria usеd to livе/livеd in
Swеdеn whеn shе was a
сhild.
h) I usеd to gеt up еarly whеn
I wеnt sailing.
i) Thе Vikings sailеd to North
Amетiсa a thousand yеars
ago.
j) Juliet was sulе shе,dsееn
thе tall man bеforе.
2 a) wаs wаiting, пoticed,hаdп,t
been
wеnt, found, had stolеn
mеt, thought, had sееn
got off, was walking,
rеalizеd,had 1eft
had bought, didn,t havе
said,hadn,t aттivеd
had brokеn g) didn,t knolt
wantеd h) had flои.n
had stolen i) had bееn
thought i) toоk p1aсе
had done had takеn
nееded plaсе
usedto hсtуе
would/usеd to rеad
would/usеd to mееt
didn,t usе to likе
used to writе
used to lir-е
usеd to bе
would/usеdtо с1еаi
hаd tаkеtt
didn.t usе
didn.t har-еiе iаjn :
usеdto рlar.
с) | d)2
gz h)2
4 с)2 d)3
10 9tз h)l
6 k)7 r) 11
9
4 с) 5 d)1
7 ф 3 h)6
| с)2 d)3
b)7 С)2 d)5
08 c)+ h)3
rs -i
wаs wоshing,raпg
did you fееl
got, rесеivеd
went swimming
bit, sсrеamеd
sang, atе
fеil, happеnеd
was washing.up, brokе
sее,missеd
Wетеyou doing, phonеd
I didп,t eпjoуthе Сoпсert.
Did you еat all thе brеad?
John spеnt a lot.
I didn,t fеel wеll yеstетday
Anna bought a сar.
Did thеy win thе prizе?
Paul spеaksGrееk.
I didn,t pay all thе bills.
whilе 0 ago
Last wееk g) whеn
when h) in
at i) Whеn
Whilе i) ago
З b)l с)6 d)
2 t) 7 в) 8 h)
b)
d)
fl
a)
b)
d)
е)
fl
a)
b)
с)
d)
е)
fl
o)
бJ
h)
a)
b)
с)
d)
5
4
287](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-286-320.jpg)
![lNтЕRlvtЕDlAтE tANGuAGЕ PRAстtсE
е)
0
8)
6a)
b)
с)
it сost.
d) I fеlt muсh morе
indеpеndеnt whеn I,d
passеd my dliving test.
е) Annе Wеnt on holiday whеn
shе,d savеd еnough monеy.
t) Whеn thе tеam had flnally
won thе matсh, thеy тan
round thе pitсh to сеlеbratе.
Grammar 6
Grammar 7
I a) I,velivеd hеrе
b) lеft
с) hаs just stolеn
d) I,vеdeсidеd
е) I lost
f) It,s startеd
g) Wе,vе visitеd
h) I,vеbееn standing
i) has bееn
i) Wе wеnt
d)/
e) Тhе wеathеrforeсastsaysit,s
dеflnitеly going to bе sunny
tomorrow.
Sorтy,I won't sееyou
tomorrow. I havе to go to
London.
Byе for now. I,ll sеeyou
latеr this еvеning.
I'm goiпg to studу еnginееring
in Frапсe.
I,m going to havе a paftу
nеxt Friday.
Wе,rе going to the doсtoт,s,
so wе сan,t сomе.
Kеlly will probably gеt thе
iob.
Мartin,s wifе is going to
havе anothеr baby.
Sarah isn,t going to gеt
malliеd yеt.
I think it'll snow tomorrow.
Тhе sсorе will bе 3_0.
a) Hаve уou сut
b) ,vе hаd
с) has nеvеI sееn
d) has stolеn
е) havеn,t slеpt
f) ,ve
iust brokеn
g) hasn't won
h) Havе you evеI еatеn
a) ,vebeеnmаrried
b) ,vе bееn
с) ,vе writtеn
d) ,vе nеvеr eatеn
е) ,ve lovеd
f) ,vе brokеn
a) sinсе е) yet h) So far
b) always f) for i) often
с) еvеr g) nеvеr j) alrеady
d) iust
a) ,vеllorkеd here
b) haven,t bееn/,ve nеvет bееn
с) Мy pеn has
d) havе lеft
е) ,vе
iust sееn
t) havеn,t f,nishеd
g) you bееn
h) ,vе lеft
i) havеn,t spokеn
i) Anna/shе wokеn
gеt up
wе,d missеd
would/usеd to spend
Иorcn I,d иlаshedапd got reаdу
I wеnt out to mееtmу fтiепds.
I knеw muсh morе about
thе job whеn I,d visitеd
thеir offiсеs.
Whеn I,d lookеd at thе nеw
drеss for agеs,I askеd how muсh
lost, 'vejust lost
work, ,ve dесidеd
,vе bееn, ,vе сomе
Have you sееn, lеft
had, сaught
,vе nеvеr еaten, ate
hopе, ,vе сookеd
havе takеn up
rеaсhеd,werеn,t
has had, ,sgonе
Hаve уou seeп,,vebеeп
Iookiпgforwаrd
,vе bееn studying, haven,t
flnishеd
'vе bеen phoning, ,sgonе
Havе you hеard, has тobbеd
,vе brokеn, has writtеn
,уebeeпliviпg here
has gonе
,ve bеen 1eаrning
havеn,t finished
iust left
havеn,t bееn
havеn't еatеn/,vе nеvеI еatеn
forgottеn
f) tеaсhing
g) yеt
h) has
i) praсtisin8
Ieсently j) taught
Mу pеnfriendhаs bееnwriting
to me for уeаrs.
We started this сouтse thrее
wееks ago.
,What havе you bееn doing
all day?,.I,vеbееnWтitins
1еtters.,
d) Whеn did you arrivе in this сity?
е) Havе you еver beеn to India?
f) Paula hаs bееn sta)ringin a hotеl
by thе sеa.
g) I,vе bееn feеling ill foт thrее
wееks/I fеlt ill thIее wееks ago.
h) I,vеlivеd/I,vеbееn living in this
сity sinсе I was born.
i) I,vеbееn waiting hеrе for
agеs.Whеrе havе you bееn?
i) Tony has lеft his books on thе
bus.
Grammar 8
la) 2
е,2
Thе boat is turning ovеr! I think
it's going to sink!
b)
с)
8)
h)
i)
t)
3a)
b)
0
o)
d)
е)
0
c)
h)
с)
d)
е)
4a)
b)
с)
d)
е,)
r)
6/
h)
5a)
b)
с)
d)
е)
6a)
b)
с)
h)
5a)
b)
с)
*
:t
so
sinсе
bеen
mеt
is joiniпg/isgoiпg tojoiп
won,t bе
's going to snow
'm going out
,rе going to knoсk
will probably ridе
is going to givе/is giving
'm going to go
,rе going to hit
will probably win
'm hаviпg а pаrtу
going to rain
our tеam Will
won,t bе
is going to finish
,ll mееt you
arе wе mеeting/going
will visit/will сomе to visit
I,m goiпg swimпing пeхt
Sаturdаy.Would you like to
сome?
Grammar9
I a) wiII bе lуiпg
b) rings
с) Wе,11
bе moЙng
d) doеs youт train lеavе
е) you leavе
f) will you bе working
g) I,l1bе
h) won,t stоp
2 a)5 tl)z c)7 d) 6 е)3 fla
a)/
b) you grow
С)/
d) you givе
е) arrivеs, I,ll lеt
l) bе using
g) shе,ll havе lеft.
h) I'll do it.
a) ShаIIwepIау tеnпis?
b) I,m going to study Arabiс in
Сairo.
I'll bе homе by midnight.
I,ll meеt you latеr.
Will you go to thе shops for
mе?
We won't makе too muсh
noisе.
Shall I hеlp you with thosе
bags?
We,ll сomе baсk lаtеr if you
]ikе/Shall wе сomе baсk
later?
,l1havе finishеd
mееt nеxt/again,I,l1phonе
I сheсk thе spеlling
lеt mе sharе hет
wе have
lеavе/go until I
thе lеsson has finishеd
you bе doing
b)2 с)1 d)1
f)1 4
a)
b)
с)
d)
0
o)
o,
h)
D
i)
b)
с)
d)
е)
fl
o
6/
h)
с)
d)
е)
fl
o)
h)
2a)
b)
с)
d)
е)
0
282
5a)
b)
с)
d)
е)
0
c)
h)
4a)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-287-320.jpg)
![Grammar 10
a) beforе
b) sinсе
с) all wееk
d) yet
е) As soon аs
) beeп 7) / 13) ,/
2) / B) arе 14) bееn
з) / 9) bееn |5) ,/
4) havе 10) will 16) havе
5) had 11) shall 17) bе
6) / 12) havе
a) ithаd stoppеdiпging
b) [ hаvеn,t plаyеd it bеforе.
с) When did Petе Writе to you
last?
d) Do you evеl go to thе сinеmа?
е) I wеnt to thе bеaсh еvеry
day.
Grammar11
t a) SаIlуsаid thаt she,dlost Ircr
kеуs.
b) Сhris said/told mе that hе
must lеave еarly.
с) Мaria and Tony said thеv
would sееus tomorro1t.
d; Tom said,,I,mсoming to
your party.'
е) Suе said that shе,drlтittеn а
lеtter to Lisa.
f) Stevеtold us/saidthat hе
was arriving at 8.00.
g) .I,vеbought a nеrv bikе.'
Pam told us.
h) ,What,sthе mаtter?.Еllеn
askеd.
a) I've finished
tr) I,ll bе baсk at 6.0o
с) I,m going to go shopping
d) I want to makе a phonе сall
е) I'vе forgottеn my homеwork
f) I havе to bе baсk by З.З0
g) I,ll lеt you know
h) I,m going to bе latе
a)3 b)5 с)2 d)1
e)4
4 a) told d) told/saying
b) spokе, said е) told/tell
с) said, told l) told/spokе
5 a) wouldп,t bе thеrebeсаuseshеtцаs
hаviпg а pаrtу
b) ,d lost thе map and (hе)
didn,t know thе way.
с) she flnishеd thе boоk, shе
was going to watсh tеlеvision
d) was doing somе homеwork but
hе wouldn,t bе long
е) ,d got up latе and (had)
missеd thе bus
Grammar12
I a) whether,wаs
b) whеn, would
с) iflwhethеr' had
d) iflwhеthеr, took
е) whеrе
f) Iflwhеthеr, had
2 a) Аre уou hаviпg luпсh or goiпg out
b) What did you do yеstеrday
с) Do you oftеn go sаiling
d) How many Gетman books have
you rеаd
0
4a)
Are you going to сhangе sсhoo]s
Who do you sit next to in сlass
if/whetherI wаs stауiпg therеаIl
Summеr
What .ploсIastinatе' mеant
iflwhethеr I,d donе my homеwork
whеn hеr biтthday was
iflwhеther I,d rеmеmbеred to
loсk thе door
whу |'d turnеdoff thе tеlevision
Mike promisеdSuehe would be аt
her housеbefore8.00.
GRAм]иAR ANsWЕRs
b) Сhris invitеd Jеan to (go to) thе
сinеma.
с) Patsy advisеd Dave not to еat
too muсh.
d) Niсk suggestеdgoing for a walk.
е) Carol apologizеd for brеaking
thе window.
Гl Bill offеrеd to do thе washing-
up.
.Чl Тina's mothеI сongratulatеdheт
on passinghеr driving tеst.
h. Рat теfusеdto opеn his mouth.
GrammarI3
а
b,
с,
dr
Гt
ol
hl
i)
j)
a)
b)
с)
d)
е)
fl
a)
b)
с)
d)
е)
a)
е)
i)
н: rc. ш-i//
be
iir'еd' lге'd sее
takе.1t'е.llагri'е
dоn.t hurn-' rtе'1lbе
rгеге.rtоu]d bе аblе to
don.t rтеаr'r-ou.lltЪеl
studiеd.ттouid gеt
had, ].dridе
lеnd, I,Illеt
had, l'd gir.е
fаll iп, will gеt
wеrе/ъ-as,,d go
knеw, ,d tеll
run, ,]1сatсh
тains,'l1go/сould go
had, 'd join
would fl Would
unlеss g) would
would h) If
Unlеss i) would
Would j) unless
5 a) hаd, ,d be аble
b) take, ,1lfееl
с) atе, would livе
d) bесamе, ,d buy
е) lеavе, will givе
f) folloщ ,ll сomе
g) usеd, wouldn,t bе
h) touсh, won't bitе
i) leavе, ,ll givе
i) ownеd, wouldn't visit
Grammar14
-1,a) Whаt would уou do if уotthвd
wings?
[f I weте you, I,d lеaуе norт.
How would you fееl if r-ou
livеd on Мars?
If I wеrе you, I,d bur' a bikе.
What would vou do if r-ou rтеге
riсh?
What would vou 5a-ii Jim сamс
with us?
If I wеrе 1-ou,I'd takе thе bus.
What rvould r-oudo if vou
ownеd a robot?
llсldpltoпеd' u'оttltlllаt'еsi-t'еtl
took' might fееl
hаd dгir-еn'lтouldn,t havе
стashеd
I think
fs
шу
a) I usedto ide
b) shall I
с) Havе you sееn hеr
d) havе you bееn woгking
е) I haven,t finishеd
f; I was washing
g) arе you staring
h) I,m haйng
i) stops
i) did you last go
a) do уou do
b) ran
с) was sitting
d) don't undеrstand
e) теalizеd
fl 'm studying
g) was rеading
h) know
i) 'm staying
i) did you do
a) аrrived, Stеvehаd
b) I hеlp
с) do you usually
d) has bееn playing
е) I,1l
f) was еating/having
g) is staying
h) havеn,t sееn
i) you doing
1)с 2)^ 3)D 4)D
5)B 6)A 7)С 8)С
e)D 10)B 11)B 12)D
13)A 14)с 15)A
п8
ъ'
{
{
р
A
fl
&
fi
'$
*
l
f) nevет
g) latеly/reсеntly
h) at|Ilу
i) for
j) By thе timе
8 b)6 с)9 d)10
1 0 3 S) 4 h)z
'i)7
in
0
o)
8a)
b)
с)
d)
е)
0
Shе,splaying baskеtball.
I,vе bееn Waiting herе for
agеs!
Hаve уou flnishedуеt?
I,ll sееyou tomorrow!
Did you havе a niсe timе?
Do you know what I mеаn?
Arе you сoming out for a
drink latеr?
Havе you beеn waiting long?
e)
0
3a)
b)
с)
d)
е)
b)
с)
d)
е)
0
o)
h)
2a)
b)
с)
28](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-288-320.jpg)
![lNтЕRlvlEDlAтE LANGUAGЕ PRAстIсE
d) had сomе, would havе enioyеd
е) I,d knоwn, would have sent
f,1 hеlpеd, might bе
g) had sсorеd, сould havе won
h) worе, wouldn,t gеt
3 a) hаd lф eаrlу,wouldп,thауe
missеd
b) ,d bought morе milk, would
havе had
с) ,d takеn/,d rеmеmbеrеd to takе a
map, wouldn't have got lost
d) 'd gone to bеd, would havе
wokеn up
е) had madе a shopping list,
wouldn't havе fol8otten to
buy/would have rеmеmbетеd to
buy
f) ,d rеalizеd you wеrе tirеd, I
wouldn,t havе askеd you to go
g) had sai]еdaстossthе Aflantiс,
wou]d hаvе rеaсhеd
h) ,d turned lеft at the station,
Wouldn,t havе losт
Grammar l5
T a) hаdn,t sunbаthеd
b) сould stay
с) сould swim
d) had
е) сould sее
0 didn't sit
g) had
h) enioy
i) сould
i) r1l
2a)2 b)2 с) 7 d)2
е)1 D2 92 h)1
i)1 i)r
3 a) hаdbrought
b) had bought
с) Wеnt
d) knеw
е) had takеn
f) hadn't bought
g) had finishеd
h) spokе/сould speak
4 (Suggеstеdanswеrs)
a) Ihаdаsапdwiсh
b) you havе a good
с) ,d bееn hеrе/,d сome hеrе/
,d visitеd it
d) livеd
e) danсеd/соuld danсе
5 a) hadn't wasted
b) wеrеn't
с) wеre
d) сould
е) had
f) didn,t havе to
g) hadn,t movеd
h) wasn't
Grammar16
е)-
f) by the postman
g) by the poliсе
h) by somеonе
a) Was quеstionеd
b) is watсhеd
с) will bе finishеd
d) has bеen elесtеd
е) is bеing теbuilt
f) has bеen сlosed
8) is Wlittеn
h) was stolen
i) will bе mеt
i) was won
a) Mаnу pet dogsаrе lost еvеryуeаr,
b) Thе injured man was takеn to
hospital.
с) A nеw bridgе is being built
aсIoss the rivеI.
d) All thе food at the party Was
еatеn.
e) Nothing will be deсidеd
bеforе nеxt Saturday.
f) Thе matсh is bеing pla}zеdon
Friday evеning.
g) Thе robbеr unloсkеd the door
With a falsе key.
h) This book was written by Sam's
fathеr.
4 a) hаs beeпdisсoуered
b) will bе opеnеd
с) was paintеd by
d) Wirl be аnnounсеd
е) is bеing rеdесoratеd
0 havе beеn arrеstеd
g) aге sold by
h) is bеing built
5 a) The саsino hаs beеnсlosed.
b) The matсh has bееn posфonеd.
с) Еnglish is spokеn all ovеr thе
world.
d) Thе nеw swimming.pool has
bеen opеnеd.
e) This pulsе was lеft in thе
сlassroom yеstеrday.
f) Traffiс has bееn bannеd from
thе сity сеntте.
g) A new govеrnmеnt has bееn
еleсtеd.
h) Thе flat was brokеn into last
week.
Grammar17
1a)
b)
с)
d)
е)
fl
c)
h)
0
i)
2a)
b)
с)
d)
сut
taken
sent
sеrviсеd
broken
offeтеd
wеrе you born
rеpairеd
was givеn
was madе
hаd his
Waslent to mе by
had onе of my tееth takеn
was boтn
paintеd.
4 a) is believed to be living
b) is supposed to fall
с) is expeсtеd to Win
d) is thou8ht to be рlanning
e) is said to bе making
f) is rеportеd to disagrеe
Grammar18
a) might f.) may not
b) сan,t bе g) сan,t bе
с) must bе h) must bе
d) сould bе i) сould bе
е) might 1.) сan,t сomе
a) саn swim rеаllу
b) might
с) сan,t bе
d) must work
е) сan,t сomе
f) might (bе ablе to) seеyou
tomorrow
sold a roсk сonсеIt tiсkеt
his housе brokеn into
WеIеyou
was givеn this ring by my
is bеing kеpt
will bе sеnt
I,m hаviпg mу саr serviced
tomorrow.
I had my bikе stolen yеstеrday.
Wе had our house paintеd last
УеaI,
I'm having my tooth taken out
tomorrowl
I,vе iust had my hair сut.
Wе,rе haЙng our new
сalpеt f,ttеd tomoшow.
Ann has just had hеr portrait
youl teaсhеrсan,tсomе
mustLlеveryhot
сan I open
mustbе
s b)D с)s d)D
s 0D s)s h)s
D i)n
Yououghtto sеeа deпtist.
Wе don,t have to go to sсhool
tomorrow.
That сan,t bеJohn, bесausеhe,s
in Paris.
Ann сould/might/may bе at
homе.
You'd bеttеr WеaIa Warm сoat
today.
I may be latе.
I don't think (that) you
should/ought to go skiing.
You саn,t lеave youт bikе herе.
hауe fl had
should g) сan,t
must h) havе
maylmight i) ablе
must/should i) ought
I think you,d bеttеr/you should
takе moтe exетсise.
Thе plane should land soon.
е)
0
c)
h)
i)
i)
3a)
b)
с)
d)
е)
0
8)
1a)
b)
с)
d)
284
ф someone
by a doсtor
o
6/
h)
i)
i)
3a)
e)
i)
4a)
b)
с)
d)
е)
0
c)
h)
5a)
b)
с)
d)
е)
6a)
b)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-289-320.jpg)
![г
*
с) You сan,t usе a diсtionary.
d) That сan,t be Suе. Shе,sabroad.
е) I may/might сomе to youl palty.
f) You mustn,t drop littеr in thе
stIееt.
g) You don,t havе to Wait.
h) You should stay/ought to
stay in bеd today.
Grammar 19
I a) must hаve iLropped
b) сould/maylmight havе missеd
с) сould/was able to
d) should havе told
е) didn,t have/nееd to
f) сan,t havе takеn
g) maylmight not havе
h) nееdn,t have
i) havе/nееd to buy
j) shouldn't have
a) hаvestudiedsо lаte
b) you ablе to stop him
с) havе to/nееd to work hard
d) havе lost his way
е) have hurt youтself
f) havе told me
g) hаvе еnioyеd it
h) havе helpеd hеr
i) not to have lеft/to havе stayеd
j) havе donе it
a) should hауe tоkeпаn umbrellа
b) must havе lеft it on thе bus
с) сouldn,t gеt through
d) should have bought hеr a
pIеsеnt
е) сan,t еat/stand olangеs
f) might havе forgottеn thе addrеss
g) ought to have studiеd harder
h) сould havе had fun
Grammar 20
a) аsked
b) had
с) had
d) said she didn,t Want mе to
е) сan,t have stolеn
0 had
g) you,d bеttеr
h) would bе
i) havе bееn
|) wе,d rеmеmbетed
1) 3 7)З 13)3
2) if 8) must 14) was
3) thеy 9) havе 15) if
4) to 10) if 16) bееn
5) paint 11) сan 17) us
6) to 12) havе 18) 3
1)с 2)А 3)B 4)^
5)D 6)D 7)B 8)с
9)A 10)с 11)D 1z)^
13)с 14)B 15)D
a) doп,thаve to е) must
b) mustn,t 0 сould
с) might havе g) had to
d) havе to h) should
5 a) kпсw the апswer,I would lrclp уou
b) you run fast, you,ll fееl tiтеd
с) was arrеstеd by an off-duп'
poliсewoman
d) had lеft еarly, wе wouldn,t
hаve missеdthe rrаin
е) I hadn,t eatеn all thе lсе-сгеam
f) tеll mе wherе thе bus station is
g) is bеing built by thе loсa] сounсil
h) wетeyou, I'd go to thе doсtor's
i) was brokеn фv somеonеl
with/using a hammеr
i) Amy to buy somе milk
6 a) hаvе togo
b) I wеrе
с) my hair сut
d) havе missеd
e) was invеntеd
f) havе forgottеn
g) had
h) must havе workеd
i) was givеn
i) neеdn't havе
7 a) hаving our house
b) had his сaт
с) hе,d
d) wouldn't take
e) tеll mе whеn
f) unlеss
g) wouldn,t havе
h) сan,t have
i) had to
i) askеd
8 a) witteп
b) сan,t
с) whеrеthе train staгionWas.
d) might havе bееn
е) you havе to
fl had to/must finish
g) must havе opеnеd
h) I wеrе tallеr!
i) l have my сaI rеpairеd
j) I,d sсrеam
Grammar21
I a) Sothсlt
b) to
с) in ordеr to
d) dтessеd,сould/would
е) for
f) сouldn,t/wouldn,t
g) сan
h) сould
GRAмlvlAR ANsWЕRs
3 a) Iф work eаф, he сouldgo
b) wаs rеbuilt, makе it
с) gavеJaсk hеr phone numbеr, hе
сould/would сall
d) put on somе suntan oil, I
don't/won't gеt
е) hid thе plеsеnts,nobody
rr.ould/сouldsее
ft had thе palty in a large hall,
pеoplе would/сould
gr arrivеd еaгly,hе сould/would get
hr сhangеd sеatsin thе сinеma, I
сould sее
i) somе sаndrтiсhеs,wouldn,t fеel
hungщ'
i) 1{oгеa iunnv hat, his friеnds
rтould notiсе
Grammar 22
ft so muсh
gl in thе end
h) so muсh
il tall еnough
i) so littlе
lrt
Т a) suclt
b) so manr-
с, too
d) so fеw
е) so
2a)so
b) too
с) muсh
d) many
е) еnough
f) littlе
8) fеlт
h) suсh
i) so
j) too
k) so
2a)
b)
с)
d)
е)
0
I wеnt to the shopsfor someeggs.
Niсola сamе hетe to havе a
mееtingwith thе dirесtor.
Wе wеnt on holiday for a теst.
Mikе plays сhеss to rеlax.
I opеnеd thе window for somе
air.
Cristinа wеnt shopping for somе
nеw сlothеs.
I Wеnt to a private sсhool to
lеarn Еnglish.
sam Went tо a speсialist for
trеatmеnt.
a) too
b) as/bесause/sinсе
с) so muсh
d) so many
е) so
f) so fеw
g) еnough
h) so
i) so little
i) As/Sinсе/Bесause
a) I stауedаt home апd hаd а rеst
beсаuseI felt reаIlуtirеd.
b) I didn,t usе that piесе of string,
bесausе it wasn,t long еnough.
с) It was suсh a diffiсult quеstion
that I had to ask for hеlp.
d) Thеrе WеIetoo fеw sеatsfor all
thе guеsts.
е) Thеrе Wеrе too many guеsts and
not еnough sеats.
0 Wе сan,t put that box in thе сaт
as thеrе,stoo littlе spaсе.
g) I,vegot too littlе timе to do all
my work.
h) I,vеgot so muсh WoIk that I
сan,t go out.
i) Shе had so many сhildгеn that
shе didn,t know what to do.
')
Thе play was so good that thе
audiеnсе сhеегеd.
5 a) Sorry,but I htlvеп,tgot аlottgll
tirпe.
b) Еriсa is not old еnough to drivе
a сar'
с) Paul has so manv fтiеndsthat
hе,salwaysbusy.
c)
h)
fld
285](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-290-320.jpg)
![lNтERIYlЕDlAтE LANGUAGЕ PRAстl(Е
4a)
b)
I go to thesеаsidein Sumlnеr.
I,vеbееn at this sсhool sinсе
1,997.
Gеorgе had a bath and thеn
washеd his hair.
Dina was at my housе until
10.00./Dinadidn,t lеavе my
house until 10.00.
Thе train arrivеd on timе.
I,l1arrivе bу 2.0О'
Paul triеd hard but in thе еnd hе
gavе up./he gavе up in the end.
I wasn,t in timе to say goodbyе
to Lisa.
a)- b)a
с) an, - d) a, an
e) a,- f) -,-
8) -,a
a) is ап
b) ina
с) Parking is
d) Fabio is at
e) to thе station on
Grammar35
I a) the f) the, the
b) thе' thе 8) a
с) an, thе h) a
d)An i) a
е) thе, thе i) thе, thе
a) plауs thepiапo
b) hеlp thе
с) bike is thе
d) is/has an appointmеnt at thе
е) was about thе lifе
0 was sсorеd by thе
a) The, the, the е) the, thе, a
b) thе, - 0 thе, a, thе
с) a, thе g) A, a, a
d) thе, thе h) thе, the
Grammar34 and35 mixed
I a) The, а, - f) _, thе, an, -
b) _, thе, u g) -, the, a
с) a, -, thе h) a, thе, thе
d) thе, a, a i) thе, thе, thе
е) Thе, thе, thе i) a, thе
2 a) Сould уou get а loаf ofbreаd fтom
3a)
b)
с)
d)
e)
0
c)
h)
4a)
b)
с)
d)
е)
0
o)
5a)
b)
с)
the bаker,s?
Мilk is good for сhildтеn.
John is at woтk at thе momеnt.
We tтаvеllеd to Hungaтy by сaI.
Havе you got a brothеr oI sistеl?
Thе war bеtwееn thе two
сountliеs was thе longest in
history.
Who was thе flrst astronaut who
walkеd on thе moon?
Тhе Nilе is thе longеstтivеrin
thе world.
Wе trаvеllеdthеrеoп thе trаin.
This onе is thе largеst./Тhis
is
the largеstsizе.
С]аra is a (profеssional) singет.
Thе unеmployеd oftеn fееl
dеprеssеd.
Anna is learning to play thе
guitar.
Mikе works in an offiсе.
Мarie сomеs from Franсе.
David is still at work.
Dаrrel wаs the
you havе a dog at
a сhemistry
d) Thе prеsent (that/whiсh) my
friеnds
е) is the сapital of
l) Тhе fiгstlеsson tomorгow is
g) thе phonе for you
h) Thе fllm (that/whiсh) wе saw
last night
6a)
b)
с)
d)
е)
0
h)
Grammar36
I a) пo d) Somе
b) еaсh е) еithеr
с) Not onе l) both tyrеs
2 a) пot onе d) all, еaсh
b) no е) nonе
с) A1l f) еithеr
З a) Every dog iп thegаrdеп wаs
bаrkiпg,
b) Not a singlе pеrson сamе to thе
mееting.
с) None of my friеnds has got a сar
d) Nеithеr of thеsесhaiтsis
сomfortable.
е) Thеrе wete no boys in thе сlass.
f) A1l wе Want to do is listen to a
fеw CDs.
g) Both books arе intеrеsting.
4 a) Nonе ofthesе booksis/аre
iпterеstiпg.
b) All you havе left is tеn minutеs.
с) Nеithет of thе hotеls was/wеrе
suitablе.
d) Not a single pеrson rеpliеd to
my lеttеr.
e) Both Рaul and his brothеr David
arе ill.
f) A1l of thе team playеd wеll.
g) Еvеry housе in thе strееt Was
sеarсhed фy thе poliсе).
h) Somе of thе questions in the tеst
wеrediffiсult/hard,
Grammar37
I a) а lаrgeold grеепplаstiс bаg
b) two square woodеn tablеs
с) a bеautiful rеd silk dress
d) a pair of antiquе silvеr iugs
е) a small plastiс bowl
f) a long winding сountry road
g) somе dirty old football boots
h) a long yеllow сotton skiтt
i) a glass of сold frеshly squееzеd
orangе iuiсе
2 a) boiliпg f) fantastiс
b) gigantiс g) worriеd
с) tirеd h) waтmеr
d) сool i) borеd
е) еxсiting i) interestеd
с)
d)
е)
fl
o
6/
h)
- 2The
_ 2thе
Тhе 2-
Thе 2-
_ 2l}:.е
The 2-
Thе 2_
_ Zthе
5 a) lаst
b) During
с) Aftеr
d) foт
е) onе/somе
0on
g) afterwards
h) at
Grammar33
I a) How much е) muсl:r
b) arе f) How many
с) somе Ы a
d) some h) was
2 a) ап е) manуl-
b)aГ1a
с) somе g) somе
d) - h) aпуlmanу
З a) give уou soпе аdviсe
b) any сlean trousетs
с) Тhеrе isn,t muсh
d) nееds washing
е) wasn,t in thе book
a) somewood
b) Thеrе was
с) any
d) a сhiсkеn
е) was vеry usеful
f) How many
g) It,s grееn
h) thеy,rе on thеir way
i) noisе.
a) IJаtеr
b) nеws
с) glasses
d) luggagе
е) еggs
f) sсissors
g) loaf
h) poliсеoffiсеr/poliсеman/
poliсеwoman
b)
с)
d)
е)
0
c)
h)
5a)1 b)2 с)2 d)7
е)1 02 ф2 h)2
Grammar34
I a) Hсweyou еvervisitеdthe Uпited
Kiпgdom?
b) on oш tlip, we visitеd
Cantеrburv Сathеdral.
с) Lovе is a wondеrfu|thing.
d) Pets aIе not pеrmittеd in this
hotеl.
е) A rabbit is a small wild fuтry
animal with long
еars./Rаbbits
aгеsmall wild furгy
animаls with long еars.
f) Nеw Yoтk is in thе Unitеd Statеs
of Ameriсa'
288
А h)- o)а
a i) a p)an
a t) - s)-
* k) thе r)
- l)a s)a
thе m) thе t) _
- n)a](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-293-320.jpg)
![3 a) The old couplelived hаppilу
together.
b) You,vе workеd hard.
с) Сhris and Paul walk slowly.
d) Georgia plays thе piano wеll.
е) Suе danсеs graсеfully.
f) Кatе isn,t wеll/doеsn,t fееl wеll.
g) Мiсhaеl skatеswondеrfully.
h) Мary wтitеs сaтеfully.
i) Alеx slеpt badly.
j) Ann сomplеtеd thе сoursе
suссеssfully.
4 a) hаppу fl fast
b) wеll g) quite
с) hardly h) hard
d) good i) tеrriblе
е) ill i) еxtremely
5 a) Peterhаs beeпworkingуery hаrd,
b) My sistеI bought mе a lovеl)r
bluе woollеn swеatеf.
с) This book I,m rеading is
еxсеllеnt/eхtrеmеly good.
d) David fеlt bad bесausе hе,d
shouted at his mothеI.
е) Еvеryonе in thе tеam playеd
wеll.
fl Too muсh еxerсisе сan make you
feеl tirеd.
s) Paulalеlt hanpv whеn hеr
еxams wеrе ovel.
h) Hans has nеvеr arrived latе at
sсhоol.
i) onе boxеr hit the othеr rеally
hald right on thе сhin.
i) t,rn not rеally intelestеd in this
сar'
Grammar38
1a)
b)
с)
d)
е)
0
o)
h)
i)
i)
2a)
b)
с)
d)
е)
0
o
ё/
h)
i)
4 a) just аs, аs
b) thе most
с) moте/lеss,than, did
d) morе
е) than, thе
0 the lеast
g) iust as, as
h) lеss,than
5 a) biggest i) haгdег
b) grеatеst |) -
с) _ k) fittеI
d)- 1) -
е) _ m)-
0 fatter n) -
g) smallеst o) widеr
h)-
6 a) tаIk moreslowlу
b) isn,t as fгightеning
с) thе bеst сook
d) as fast as
е) lesseсonomiсal than
f) morе еxсiting than
g) as hard as
h) is morе intеrеstеd
i) is oldеr than
i) morе than mе
Grammar 39
GRAмrиAR ANsWЕRs
0 Wе сalled on my aunt on hеr
birthdаy.
8) I,m afraid that we,vе run out of
еggs.
h) Мoniсa will сall for you at 6.30.
i) Nobody understood what I was
8еtting at.
i) I сan,t put up with so muсh air
pollution.
Grammar 40
I a) у'сLsll е) try
b) look f) flll
с) sеt g) turned
d) сal1ed h) droppеd
2 a) Tum the lights off wheпуou leаvе
theschool.
b) Jaсk tulnеd up half-way thгough
thе lеsson.
h)
3a)
е)
Wе сan put you up foт a wееk.
Мarta is gеtting on wеll in hеr
Еnglish сlass.
Lidia grеw up in Uruguay.
How do you tum on thе
сomputеr/turn thе сomputеI on?
Caтol lookеd up the datеs/
looked thе dates up in an
еnсyсlopedia.
Suтflng is a gIeat sport. Whеn
did you takе it up?
rl
с)
d)
e)
0
o
6/
1a)
е)
2a)
b)
с)
d)
е)
0
5a)
b)
3 b)5 с)8 d)1
4 t)2 96 h)7
at g) up
for h) on
to i) up
down i) up
over k) to
foт l) out
с)1
фт
е) bеst
0 foт
o) no
h) is
2 )d 2)a 3)с 4)a
5)d 6)d 7)b 8)с
9)b i0)a 11)b 12)d
ljt с 1+)b 15)с
d)6
h)З
3 b)8
4 f) s
Grammar 41
Т a) bettеr
b) еaсh
с) hard
d) somе
tnan
i) thе worst
3 a) аs good а runпerаs Dаvid (is)
b) tallest (pеrson)in thе сlass
с) morе than mе/than I havе
d) longеr than Janе,s (hair)
е) noisiеst studеnt in thе sсhool
0 as intетesting as this one (is)
g) go fastеr than this/go any fastеr
h) еat as muсh as Andrеw (did)
a) didn't live uP to
b) drop in on
с) run out of
d) gеt on with
e) сaught up with
f) looking forward to
g) kееp up with
h) сut down on
a) Biап tаkesаfterhis mother.
b) Wе,ve lun out of food!
с) Мike and Tom don,t gеt on wе]]
With еaсh othеI.
d) Jеan is vеry good аt dеaling with
peoplе.
е) The handlеbars on my bikе nеed
sееingto.
f; Julia was vеIy ill, but shе,sgot
over it now
What ехaсtly aIе you sеtting at?
Paul,s nеw sсhool didn,t livе up
to his expесtations.
The сentrаIheаtiпgsуstemneеds
seеiп{to.
Lеt,s drop in on Julia whilе wе'rе
hеre.
Wе,rе hеading for Рaris.
our hotеl room looks out
onto/ovеr thе main road!
Two сhildтen started playing,
and thеn thе othеrs ioinеd in.
of tltеsе
until
smoking is allowеd
somе adriсе
as long as
srnсе
сlassтoom
on foot
anv fuгthеr
in timе
I сtltlput you up.
Сarlos сan,t put up with the
tтaffiс any morе.
Pеtеr is gеtting on wеll at
univеIsity.
I,ll сlеar up thе room if you do
thе washing up.
Wе,rе heading for Мadrid.
Why don't you look uP this
woтd/look this woтd up in thе
diсtionafy?
Janе takеsaftеr hет fathеr.
Кеlly,sfathеr is trying to givе up
smoking.
aS tаstуаS
the most intеIеstin8
oldеst
than
wolsе
tallеst
as hard as
WoIsе
longеr than
morе quietly
the loпgest
lеss еntегtaining
fastеr than
the hottеst
bеttеf than
iust as tall as
morе diffiсult
as largе as
not as bi8 as/iust as big as/biggеr
3a)
b)
с)
dl
f)
ol
h)
i)
ll
1al
b)
8)
h)
с)
d)
е)
с,)
d)
0
c)
h)
289](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-294-320.jpg)
![a) Everybodу/Eуeryone
b) somеthing
с) Somеthing
d) somеonе/somеbody
е) thеmselvеs
0 One
g) Еvет1.thing
h) Nothing
i) yoursеlf
j) mysеlf
a) Someoпеspoketo mе, but I саfl,t
remеmbertheir паme.
b) ЕveЦrthing in thе gardеn has
bееn growing a lot latеly.
с) Сaтol didn,t do an)zthing/did
nothing yesterdaY.
d) Theте isn,t an}zonе/Thеrе'sno
onе Waiting for you.
е) Pеtе and Katе еnjoyеd
thеmsеlvеs at thе party.
f,1 You fill in an appliсation form,
and thеn you wait for an
answеr./Onеfills in an
appliсation form, and thеn onе
walts for an answеr'
g) Wе nеed to do thе shopping.
Thеrе isn,t аngth]ng in thе
fridgе.
Grammar46
1 a) hers е) thеirs h) my
b) hеr own f) youl i) our
с) yours g) his i) its
d) minе
2 a) Tell Мoпicа it,sЕIenа,sturtl, пot
hers.
b) Aliсе,s youngеI brothеr's сallеd
Bill.
с) Tim,s sandwiсhеs Wеrе tastiеI
than ours.
d) Thе fllm,s bеginning is good but
its еnding is wеak.
е) Aте thеsе kеys yours or hеrs?
fl Barbaтafllls in the patients,
lесord сards at thе doсtoI's.
g) Whеn it,s laining, еvеrybody,s
Iainсoats gеt Wеt.
h) The managеl,s assistant rеads all
the сustomers,lеttеrs.
i) Your sistеr,sdog runs fastеr than
ours.
j) onе,s our tеaсhеr,sсar and thе
othеr,s a visitor's.
З a) footbаll boot,сhееsesапdwiсh
b) shop windoщ сoat poсket
с) gardеn gate,biсyсlе light
d) dеpartment storе, сountly
сotta8e
е) flrе еnginе, roсk singer
0 post offiсе, pеnсil shalpеnеr
g) football ground, sсhool rеpoтt
h) shop assistant, railwaY station
4 a) mу sister,s
b) arе Sam,s
с) friеnd of minе
d) my favouтitеtеlеЙsion
е) are your tеaсhеrs,
a tin opеnеr
arе our nеighbours,
on thе kitсhеn
Thеreаre two bus Stopsneаr пy
house.
ouт сat slееpsall day in its bеd.
Have you mеt Janе's sistеI?
СIеatulеs likе thеsе live at thе
bottom of thе sеa.
This book is minе.
Тhosе arе two friеnds of my
fathеr,s.
Еvеrybody,s dтawings werе
bеttef than ouls.
Are thеse glovеs yours or
minе?/Arе thesе your glovеs or
mine?
Thе housе stands on its own at
thе еnd of thе strееt.
I notiсеd thеsе shoеs in a shop
window.
Grammar 47
I a) iпsteаdof е) еxсеpt
b) еithеr f) sinсе
с) also g) both
d) suсh as h) yеt
2 a) Dеbrа уisitеd the соstleапd the
musеum,too.
b) Еvеryonе was on timе ехсеpt Jill.
с) I said it was laining but, in faсt,
it isn't!
d) Кarеn сouldn,t play tеnnis, sinсе
shе,d huтt hеr lеg.
е) In my йеw, smoking is bad for
you.
0 I atе thе сhoсolatе сakе as lгеll
as the applе piе.
g) Daniеl playеd in goal instеad of
his bтothет'
h) In сonсlusion, I,d likе to thank
thе hеad tеaсhеI,Ann Colеs.
1)с 2)b З)a 4)d
5)d 6)с 7)b 8)d
9)a 10)b
a) ехсept е) instеad
b) as well as this 0 aсtuall-Y
с) Pеrsonally g) suсh as
d) both h) еithеr
d)7
h)2
Grammar48
GRAM]v|AR ANsWЕRs
0 Julia's reading 'A Portrait of a
Ladу, bу Hеnry Jamеs.
3 a) ,Firstof аll, who is goiпg to cаrry
thesuitсаsе?,аskеdEmilie.
b) Кatе said shе,dbе on timе, but I
didn,t bеliеvе hеr.
с) Jamеs said that hе,d missed the
tтain, 8ot lost, and bеen arrеstеd.
d) rhеn thе bеll lang, our teaсhеI
stood up and said, 'StoP writing,
plеasе.,
е) ,on thе othеr hand, wе сould go
tо thе сinеma, сouldn,t wе?, said
Dar-id.
0 'Good morning,' said Tina. 'How
do r.oufееItоdav?'
g) If I lvеrеr'ou, I,d ask fоr somе
hеlp, oг pегhapsstalt a8a1n.
h) Thе old stadium lr.as еventually
dеmolishеd:r'егr'fе.rv
pеoplе
wеnt thеге.and it rтasbесoming
dangегous.
Grammar 49
I a) dесidittg g) thеil
b) swimming ht bеautiful
с) photо il rесеipt
d) quеstion ir bеginning
е) / kl psYсhiatrist
f) knort.n ll suссеssful
2 a) phonе, rесеil'е,I
b) и.histlе,fiеld
с) suссеssfullr-.phr.siсs
d) knоrт, knifе
е) thiеf' lеаring
Г) quеstion. listеning
g) bе8inning' -1е1V
h) сo]umns.bеautlfullr.
3 31 6611Гrollill5-gl upsеtting
br thiсkеning ht hooking
сi gгipping i) w-riting
dr сhoosing it improvtng
е. fl}-ing k) swimming
f r mаking 1) riding
.l Dеaт Bескr'-,
I.m soгrr.that I havеn,tW[ittеn to
.l-оuioт so long. I,m afraid I,vеbееn
r-еп'busv at sсhool, and I haven,t
had muсh timе fol Writing lеttетs.
Lаst lтееk I flnishеd my
ехaminаtions, so now I,m 8etting
rеаdy to go on holiday.
l lтas wondеring whеthет you would
likе to сomе to stay foI a few days?
You сan mееt my fтiеnds, and wе
сould all go swimming. Thе Wеather
is геally good now herе in ltaly, and
I,m suтеyou will еnioy youlself.
Bеstwishes,
Silvia
5 a) tomorrow
b) Wеdnеsday
с) advеrtisеmеnt
d) neighbour
е) through
l) gratеful
g) nесеssary
0
o)
h)
5a)
b)
с)
d)
е)
r)
8)
h)
i)
1)
5a)5 b)9 с)3
е)1 04 g)10
i)8 Dв
1a)
е)
2a)
b)
с)
d)
е)
l b)2 с)z d)2
3 01
We,remeetiпgUnсIeDаvid on
Tuesdауеveпingri eight.
Last Fеbruary I mеt Мтs
Wilkinson for thе f,rst timе.
Tim lives in thе south of Franсе
nеaт Сannеs.
Wе saw a grеat film at thе ABС
сallеd ,Thе Rеmains of thе Day,.
Wе wеnt to а palty at МIs
Harrisons, housе on Nеw Yеar,s
Еve.
291](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-296-320.jpg)
![lNтERмEDlAтЕ tANGUAGE PRAстIсЕ
h) disappointеd
i) wеathеr/whеther
j) remеmbеr
k) library
1) answеr
6 a) deBt i) autumд
b) еxhibition k) answеr
с) hiф l) dauфtеr
d) lnifе m) half
е) lamb n) light
f) psyсhologist o) salmon
g) rесефt p) wholе
h) what q) would
i) yaсht r) writing
Grammar50
Grammar51
I a) hers e) anlthing
b) to hеlp f) spеnding
с)in фat
d) as h) anything
2 I)b 2)d 3)d 4)a
5)с 6)b 7)a s)d
9)с 10)b 11)b 2)d
13)a 14)c 15)с
3 a) eхcеpt|eff
b) onе knows
с) thе twins,
d) rеfusеd to сaшy
е) rеly on
f) a friеnd of
8) bеgan/startеdsnowing
h) сlosing
4 1) ,/ 7) bееn 13) thеy
2) thаt 8) got 4) /
3) takе 9) / 15) havе
4) mе 10) for 16) with
5) it 11) oт 17) it
6) for 12) ft
5 a) for
b) hеr
с) of
d) no onе/nobody
е) begun/started
f) hетs
g) sееmed
h) with
i) forgotten
i) еvеn
k) somеthing
l) Еitheг
m) kept
n) saw
o) Somеone
6 Dear Daйd,
It was grеat to hеar from you аftеr
so long. I еnioyеd hеaring all your
nеws. ] didn,t rеalizеthat you'd
spеnt a yеar abroad. You must havе
had a rеally good timе in Glеeсе.
I,vе dесidеd to 8o thеIe nеxt
summеr. Pетhapswе сould go
togеthеr.
I'vе had a fantastiсyеar at сollеgе.
The work is hardет than the woтk
we did at sсhool, but it,s moтe
intеIеsting. I,m studying Business
Administration and ComDutеr
Sсiеnсеat thе momеnt. I;vеаlso
made lots of nеw fтiеnds.
I,m thinking оf сoming to Bristol for
a fеw days to visit my sistеr.Would
you likе to mееt? You сould show
mе the sights and we сould talk
about our old sсhooldаys.
Why don,t you givе mе a ring and
we сould disсuss it' It would bе
wondеrful to sееyou again.
Bestwishеs,
Е1lеn
a)4 b)1 с)9
е)7 D2 фв
i)8
a) Stаre f) quitе
b) pтaсtise g) aloud
с) thorough h) too
d) adЙсе i) lattеr
е) farе i) loosе
a)3 b)_ с)3
е)3 03 8)-
D _ i) з k)3
m)- n) - o) -
4 Dеaт Silvia,
Thanks for your lеttеr and your
invitation to Italyl I,vе nеvеr
travеllеd аbroad bеforе, and I,m
rеally looking forward to staying
with you and your family. I,vе
spokеn to my parеnts and they,vе
agreеd.They say thеy,rе golng to
phone soon to disсuss thе
allangеmеnts.
I,vе dесided to havе somе Italian
lеssons so that I сan praсtisе whеn ]
сome to Italy. I,d likе you to WIitе
somе simple sеntеnсes for me.
Plеasе note my new addrеss.We
movеd last weеk and now I,vе got a
muсh biggеr bedroom.
Bеst wishеs,
Bесky
a) vеgetаble g) intеIesting
b) languagе h) bisсuit
с) queue i) сеiling
d) rесеivе i) differеnt
e) peoplе k) knowlеdgе
f) bеautiful l) indеpеndent
a) eфt h) nonе
b) bеan i) piесе
с) сheсk i) pair
d) flowет k) wтitе
е) wholе l) rows
f) musсlе m) so
g) know n) stair
d)3
h)s
d)-
h)З
t
7a)
b)
с)
d)
е)
Iпsteаd of
evетy singlе
in faсt
In сonсlusion
of my, minе
as well
yours
hеrsеlf
on, in
еven
0
c)
h)
i)
1)
292](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-297-320.jpg)
![Voсabulary2
Т a) uпiпtеrеstiпg
b) disadvantagе
с) unfortunately
d) impatiеnt
е) disappеars
f) unеmployеd
g) disagrее
h) misundеrstanding
2 a) ovеrslept е) rеWlitе
b) undеrwеar f) ovеrсookеd
с) ovеrсoat g) renеw
d) outplayеd h) underpaid
З a) ftiendship
b) fотеignеr
с) сhildhood
d) stеwardеss
е) tееnager
f) spoonful
g) nеighbourhood
h) handtul
i) maсhinеry
j) booklеt
4 a) iпhаbitапts
b) boтеdom
с) building
d) aссommodation
е) rеfusal
0 aсtol
g) employее
h) imagination
i) сookеr
i) advеrtisеmеnt
5 a) shorfuess 0 thoгoughnеss
b) friеndlinеss g) happinеss
с) darknеss h) sillinеss
d) lonеlinеss i) thinnеss
e) tirеdnеss j) siсknеss
6 a) heroiс е) dangеrous
b) musiсal f) foolish
с) homеless $) rainy
d) mothеrly
b) disappointing g) еxhausting
с) frightening h) intеrеsted
d) еmbarтassеd i) suтprisеd
е) borеd j) annoying
2 a) unlikеlу t) dislikе
b) shortagе g) slееpy
с) impossiblе h) unusual
d) photography i) сhееrful
е) usеful j) kindnеss
З a) unusuаIlу
b) surPrisinglY
с) Intеrеstingly
d) suссеssfully
e) bеautifully
f) thoтoughly
g) awtully
h) unsuссеssfully
i) unneсеssarily
j) obviously
4 a) uпсomfortаble
b) indepеndеnt
с) теusablе
d) disappointmеnt
е) rеlationship
f) unsеlfish
g) unhеalthy
h) unсontrollable
i) unshrinkablе
j) inеxpeтiеnсed
5 a) reсeipt е) Мarтiagе
b) politiсian f) appliсation
с) dеpth g) knowlеdgе
d) patiеnсе h) explanation
6 a) thе|t е) angry
b) bеliеf f) bravеry
с) suspiсion g) vanity
d) lеngth h) ability
Voсabulary4
1 a) Hаve f; givе k) havе
b) do g) takе l) takе
с) havе h) makе m) givе
d) makе i) do n) takе
е) givе i) 6o o) makе
З a) proteсt,skiп
b) сlеar, spaсе
с) appеa1 sсreеn
d) rеtuтn, сall
e) rent, flat
fl flght, suvival
g) takе, minutе
h) сontrol, bеhaviour
aф*p*iаф 0hi6hlу
ь) p+оpеф g) Р€+fe€ttу
с) еeвр+etеrу h) lаJ€€tу
d) €{€а*Iу i) c€€plу
е) rеаЩ i) stf€fl€lу
5 a) bаnk асcouflt
b) bargain priсе
с) spaсе shuttlе
d) sеafloor
е) studеnt loan
Г) mеat dish
g) stomaсh achе
6 at аfford to f) tеaсh mе how to
bl likеlуto g) s1owto
сi haтd to h) forgеtto
di hopе to i) dеsignеdto
е) tп' not to ]) willing to
VoсabuIary
5
7 a1 ligh dl раss 8) in
b) sparе еr tе]l h) losе
с)rime fr оn
2 a) nпdе е) buгst hl pаid
b) had [r totd il сaught
с) took 8l got jt lost
d) spеnt
3 a) mеss еr mad
b)brеath fl tеmpег
с) alone g' sесгеt
d) diffеrеnсе h' lеаi
4 a) а bird е. a Plg
b) a bat l.' a piсrure
с) lifе g' гain
d) aсuсumbег hr housеs
5 a) lifе еl timе
b) soul f' sound
с) rтidе gr dolrтt
d) round hl thеn
6 a) lпt'е il|l еL1rh llitl1t
b) gеt rеad.
с) takе a dаr- off
d) hal.е гun
е) ha'е nothing to do
Г) takе it еasv
Voсabulary
6
a) footPаth е) haiтсut
bl papеr сlip f) sunglasses
с) shoelaсе g) hеadaсhе
d} timеtab1е h) lamp post
2 a) sсieпсеflсtioп
b) rvalking stiсk
с) sсhool rеport
d) alarm сloсk
е) air-сonditionin8
f) birthday PartY
g) сеntral hеating
h) washing maсhinе
3 a) bottletop
b) shop window
с) biсyсle pump
2a)4 b)B с)5
d)1 е)10 03
c)6 h)e 1)z
Dт
Voсabulary3
Т a) tired l) сonfusing
29З](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-298-320.jpg)
![3 a] frt е) suit
bt dтеssup fl disguisе
с) wеat g) put on
d) look h) go with
1 a) sleеvе d) сap g) blousе
b) dress е) shoтts h) soсk
с) suit f) skirt
3 a) inforrnatioп e) теsеrvatlon
b) runway f) сanсеllation
с) dеparturе g) airport
d) landing h) takеoff
4a) 7
е)1
i)6
voсABULARY ANsWERs
4 a) rurаI е) intеrnational
b) nеighbouring f; loсаl
с) isolatеd g) сrowdеd
d) сapital h) urban
5 a) plауground е) footpath
b) сrossroads f) roadside
с) roundabout 8) outskilts
d) сaт park h) footbтidgе
6 a) саstlе
b) сaтavan
с) sеmi-detaсhеdhousе
d) bungalow
е) bгidgе
f) tегraсеdhоusе
8) сottagе
h) torvеr
VoсabuIary
16
7 a) roll Гl lесipе
b) сoursе 8) tast,v
с) mеal h) сook
d) сans i) spoon
е) frozеn
2 a) roаst fl Pееl
b) mix g) ft)'
с) сhop h) Gratе
d) bakе i) Squееzе
е) add i) Boil
З a) sаIt е) сhips
b) foтk Г1 гinеgaт
с) baсon 8) sauсеr
d) buttеr h) bisсuits
4 a) sliсе
b) baт
с) jar
d) сup
е) loaf
f) glass
ot ninсh
t/ r__'*'-
h) сarton/8lass
5 a) grаpе е) piе
b) onion fl plum
с) lеttuсе 8) сhееsе
d) lamb h; сhop
6 a) пrctlu d) takеaway
b) bill е) book
с) dеssегt f) tip
7a)а
b) somе
с)a
d)-
е)a
0a
8)a
h) -
1)-
i) somе
8 a) lеttuсе h) asparagus
b) broссoli i) сoulgеtte
с) сauliflowет i) сеlеry
d) pеppеr k) сabbagе
е) lееk l) bеan
f) onion m) сarrot
g) mushтoom n) auberginе
b)З с)10 d)8
f) 4 s) e h)z
i)s
5 a) tonguе е) arms
b) hair f) heart
с) faсe g) hеad
d) foot h) lеg
5 a) апсieпt f) suntannеd
b) sеasiсk g) reasonablе
с) popular h) еxhaustеd
d) rеlaxing i) warm
е) loсal i) opеn
6 a) resort f) station
b) brеakfast g) stop
с) walk h) villagе
d) holiday i) hostеl
е) tiсkеt i) сards
Voсabulary
14
I a) beаt f) going
b) applauded g) drеw
с) еntеr for h) spеnds
d) holding i) еnioy
е) pеrfoтmеd |) missеd
2 a) speсtаtors 0 gloup
b) athlеtеs g) audiеnсе
с) fans h) viеwеrs
d) tеam i) сast
е) mеmbеrs j) сompеtitors
З a) pize 0 tiсkеt
b) mеdal g) еxhibition
с) queue h) rod
d) tylе i) linе
е) whistlе j) sсrееn
4 a) knoсk d) livе g) stand
b) turn е) go h) drop
с) ioin f) makе
i) hand
]l ЁуЕ
6 a) сhееk h) shouldеr
b) сhin i) еlbow
с) neсk |) wrist
d) bust k) hip
е) waist l) bottom
fl thigh m) anklе
g) knее n) foot
Voсabulary
12
1. a) crаshed е) floodеd
b) injurеd f) bloсkеd
с) сollapsеd g) sank
d) еxplodеd h) trapped
2 a) prеsсription е) pаin
b) tеmpеraturе f) сhеmist,s
с) gеt ovет 8) flu
d) heal h) sorе throat
3 a) bаnilаge е) ward
b) hospital f) surgeon
с) patient g) blood
d) opеration h) ambulanсе
4 a) trаffiсiаm
b) aiт pollution
с) powеr failurе
d) parking tiсkеt
е) train strikе
f) сar paтk
g) bus stop
h) rush hour
i) watеr shorta8е
1.) сity сеntrе
Voсabulary
13
1 1)C 2)D 3)A 4)D
5)B 6)B 7)А 8)с
9)A 10)D 11)с 1'2)B
13)B 14)D 1s)A
2 a) down d) in g) after
b) off е) for
с) up f) out
6 |)B 2)С 3)B 4)^
s)D 6)D 7)^ B)B
9)A 10)с 11)D Т2)С
13)B 14)
^
1s)D
Voсabulary15
1 1)B z)D 3) с 4)A
5)с 6)D 7)А 8)B
9)B 10)С 11)D 72)А
13)С 14)D 15)A
2 a) squоre е) footpath
b) сountrysidеf) viеw
с) bеaсh g) Parking
d) ground h) сountry
3 a) stаtioп f) part
b) junсtion g) plaсe
с) hall h) traffiс
d) bloсk i) zonе
е) сrossing i) сеntlе
5a)8 b)5 с)7 d)2
е)6 03 g4 h)1
5a)6 b)10 с)2 d)8
е)3 05 8)7 h)l
i)9 Dц
6a)3 b)6 с)5 d)2
e) 4 0 8 g) t h)7
'X
тa)з b)9 с)2 d)6
де)50]c)sh)4
Ш il 7
Шr
ifl
295](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-300-320.jpg)
![З a) Iook
b) takе
с) gеt
d) keеp
4 a) eduсаtio|1 D еmploYеr
b) unemPloyеd g) timеtaЬlе
с,) сalе]еssiy h) rnсоmе
d) suссessful i) knowlеdgе
е) qualifiсations j) еmployеёs
l NтЕRtt,lEDIAтE LANGUAGE PRAстlсЕ
Voсabulary
17
I a) pаss f) wagеs
b) iob g) aloud
с) tеaсh h) appliсation
d) studying i,1 еains
е) maтks j) offiсе
2 a) heаrt е) rulеs
b) phonе fl date
с) pтaсtiсe 8) time
d) work h) businеss
е) wееds, сrops
f) Йllage, town
g) fеnсе, hеdgе
h) faгm, сottagе
Voсabulary19
1' a) сellphoпе е) еnginе
b) pеtrol fl light
с) еlесtriс g) naits
d) tyre h) plumbеr
2 a) аnsweriпgmасhine
b) mobilе phone
с) sеwing maсhinе
d) vaсuum сlеaner
е) сamетa
f) dishwasher
g) photoсopier
3 a) ring е) plug h) 8o
b) blow f) сut i) warm
с) wеar g) turn i) run
d) brеak
4 a) hard disk
b) mеmory
с) iсon
d) сursor
е) pтint out
f) button
g) websitе
h) modem
i) highlight
5 a саr е) frying pan
b) еleсtriс f) saw
toothbrush g) gun
с) laddеr h) сеllo
d) oven
6 a) hаndle е) kеy
b) battery f) loсk
с) soсket 8) plug
d) switсh h) wirе
7 a) pump f) sсissors
b) tin-opеner g) theтmomеtеr
с) lawnmowеr h) binoсulars
d) nzot i) сompass
е) hairdriеr j) iron
3 a) hook е) сurtains
b) tablесloth f) broom
с) plant g) doormat
d) dustbin h) firеplaсе
4 a) comb f) toothpastе
b) gown g) alarm
с) mirror h) towеl
d) table i) pillow
e) slippеrs j) hangеr
5 a) pedestriап сrossing
b) lamp post
с) pavement
d) hеdge
е) gate
f) kеrb
g) strеet sign
h) subway
Vocabulary 21
T a) emploуer D offiсеr
b) ownеr g) paintеr
с) meсhaniс h) сashiеr
d) managет i) waiter
e) tеaсhеr j) postman
2 a) gаrdeпer D сalpеntеI
b) guidе g) eleitтiсian
с) plumbеr h) optiсian
d) photogгapher i) vеt
е) dentist j) hairdrеssеr
е) piсk
f) writе
g) hand
h) stand
5a)7 b)10 с)1 d)9
е) 6 0 з 8) 5 h)2
i) 8 i) 4
6 1)D 2)B з)B 4)А
5)с 6)D 7)B s)B
e)A l0)B 11)D 12)D
1З)С 14)B 15)A
Voсabu|ary
18
I a) weаthет f) hеatwave
b) lightning g) storm
с) fog h) сool
d) showеr i) soakеd
e) sеason i) snow
2 a) swаn fl mosquito
b) goat g) rabbil
с) сгab h) giraffе
d) buttеrfly i) spidет
е) lizaтd i) puppy
3 a) brаnсh e) thorn
b) bеrгy f) bark
с) гoot g) blossom
d) lеaf h) trunk
З a) membo
b) partnеr
с) flatmatе
d) guest
e) host
4 a) сowаrd
b) misеr
с) optimist
d) сеlebтity
е) favouritе
5 a) сrew
b) soсiety
с) staff
d) quеuе
е) сrowd
f) еmployее
g) supporter
h) tеam-matе
i) assistant
f) еxpеrt
g) fool
h) genius
i) pessimist
i) liar
f) trio
g) group
h) audiеnсе
i) team
i) сast
4 a)B
е)1
57)а 2)с 3)d 4)с
5)a 6)b 7),b 8)с
9) d 10)b 11)a r2)d
13)b 14)d 15)с
6 a) proteсt, destroy
b) prеvеnt, lеt
с) сlеan up, pollutе
d) plant, сut down
е) reсyсlе, throw (thеm) away
7 a) сitу,сouпtry
b) hills, mountains
с) dvel, stlеam
d) paths, traсks
296
Voсabulary20
1 a) needle
b) gluе
с) pеnknifе
d) rubbеr band
е) papег сlip
b)4 с)7 d)2
08 c)s h)3 6 a) inhаbitаnts f) sсientist
b) politiсian g) стiminal
с) сitizеn h) musiсian
d) guitarist i) laи1zет
e) survivor j) opponеnt
f) string
c) sсissors
h) buttons
i) shoelaсe
i) ribbon
2 a) пotice f) filе
b) notеpad g) rulеr
с) сorrесtion h) sharpеnеr
fluid i) stamp
d) diary i) diсtionary
e) еnvеlopе](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intermediatelanguagepractice2-231004225446-c471732e/85/Intermediate_Language_Practice_2-pdf-301-320.jpg)
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Intermediate_Language_Practice_2.pdf
This document contains a table of contents for an English grammar guide. It lists various grammar topics across multiple pages, including present/past tenses, conditionals, passive voice, modals, questions, relative clauses, vocabulary, spelling, punctuation and more. Exercises are provided to match grammar terms and examples.
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- 1. Contеnts Grammar1 Grammar2 Grammar3 Grammar 4 Grammar5 Grammar6 Grammar 7 Grammar8 Grammar9 Grammar11 lntroduсtion Undеrstandinggrammarwords _ Thinking about languagеin сontеxt _ othеr ways of lеarning _ Whiсh Еnglish? Present time 1 Prеsеntsimplе:form, mеaning, pronunсiation - Prеsеntсontinuous: form, mеaning Present time 2 Prеsеntsimplе:frеquеnсy advеrbs- Statеverbs and aсtion vеrbs_ Plеsеnt simplе or сontinuous? _ PrеsеntContinuous:futurе mеanings _ othеr problеms Past time 1 Past simplе: form, mеaning _ Past сontinuous: form, mеaning _ Timе еxprеssions Past time 2 Pastpеrfесt:form, mеaning _ Common usеs_ usedto_ would_ Past pеrfесtand past simplе - Pastforms usеd in сonditionals Present perfeсt 1 Prеsеntpеrfесt:form, mеaning _ Тimе еxprеssions Present perfeсt 2 Prеsеntpеrfесtсontinuous: form, mеaning - Timе ехprеssions_ Prеsеntpеrfесtor prеsеntpеrfесtсontinuous? _ othеr problеms Future 1 Futurе timе - will _ begoingto_ Prеsеntсontinuous - Problеms tuture 2 Futurе сontinuous - Futurе pеrfесt_ Prеsеntsimplе _ Funсtions using will and shаll сoNsollDAтIoN 1 Reportedspeeсh1 Rеportеd spеесh _ Tеnseсhangеs _ No tеnsесhangеs _ Spеakеrs in rеportеd spеесh - Pеople, plaсеs,timеs- Summarizing _ Sа-|l tell,speаk Reported speeсh 2 Rеporting quеstions _ Rеporting сommandsandrеquеsts - othеr rеporting vеrbs 20 oА 29 З4 38 42 11 15 46 Grammar'12 t11
- 2. lNтERпnEDIAтЕ tANGUAGE PRA(тlсE Grammar13 Grammar14 Grammar15 Grammar16 Grammar'17 Grammar'18 Grammar19 Grammar2'l Grammar22 Grammar23 Grammar 24 Grammar25 Grammar26 Conditionals l Сonditiоns and rеsults_ Zeтoсonditional:ff+ prеsеntsimplе,... prеsеnt simplе- Firstсonditiоnal:ff+ prеsеntsimplе,... will/woп,t_Sесond сonditional: ff +past simplе, '.. would/wouldп,t _ unlеss_ othеr usеsof would Conditionals 2 Тhird сonditional: ff+ past pеrfесt,... would/tllouldn,t + hоve+ past partiсiplе - Мodal vеrbs in сonditional sеntеnсеs- Сonditionals without if - If I were you,L.. Wishes Wishes about thе prеsеnt_ Wishеs about thе past _ hope* If oпlу Passivе 1 Passivе:form, usе _ Using bу and with - Sеntеnсeswithout an agеnt_ Transitivеand intransitivе vеrbs Passive 2 Vеrbswith two objесts_ to beborn_ hаvesomething doпе_ Passivе+ infinitivе Modals 'l: present and future Мoda] vеrbs:form and mеaning _ Ability _ Сеrtainty and unсertainty - obligation _ opinions and adviсе Modals 2: past Ability _ Cеrtainty and unсеrtainty _ obligation * opinions and adviсе сoNsoLlDAТ|oN 2 ....'....'.i.. .... Purpose Purposе: to and for _ Pшposе: so thаt Reason and result g6 Rеasonand rеsult - so and such for еmphasis_ too and not enoughtot a diffiсulty - so and fоo- Rеsultphrasеs:аs а rеsult,in theепd,eventuаllу _ Linking words Contrast 97 but, уet and аlthough- eventhoughand though_ while and whereаs_ despiteand in spiteof - howeverand oп theotherhаnd _ Linking words Funсtions 94 What is a funсtion? _ Asking for information _ offеrs _ Pеrmission_ Promising - Rеquеsts_ Rеquеstswith miпd _ Suggеstingand advising Relative сlauses 1 gg Rеlativесlausеs_ Rеlativеpronouns _ Lеaving out thе rеlativеpronouns Rеlative сlauses 2 10З Combining Sеntеnсеs_ Relativесlausеswith an -iпg fotm _ Whаt as a rеlativеDronoun 50 55 58 61 66 69 75 78 8З
- 3. сo NтЕ Nтs 106 Grammar27 Grammar28 Grammar29 Grammar30 Grammar32 Grammar33 Grammar34 Grammar35 Grammar36 Grammar37 Grammar38 Questions1 Yes/I'Jo quеstions _ Wh-quеstions _ Quеstionwordsasthе subiесt- Negativеquеstions _ Shortanswеrs Questions2 Tagquеstions: form,usе_ Problеms with quеstions it and thеre Introduсing nеwinformation_ Rеfеrring ff,sand its_ theу,rе ar'dthere Plaсeand position 109 tags_ Rеply quеstions_ Indirесt 1.r4 baсk _ Rеfеrringto a plaсe _ t76 I2О r25 r29 iп, iпside,out,outside_ Еxprеssionswith iп - on _ Еxprеssionswith on _ аt, iп ot fo _ Еxprеssions with аt _ аbovеlbеIow, over/under _ neхt tо/besidе, пeаr/by_ opposite сoNsollDAтIoN 3 Тime expressions iп, oп ar:.d af - Rеlation to today _ Partsof yеstеrday,today and tomorlow - Calеndar rеferеnсеs_ for, siпсe and аgo_ duriпgor for? _ bу ot until? - on timе ot in time?_ oпсeand oпedoy,_ now and nowаdауs theп,аfterwаrds,аfter aлd lаter- аt theend, iп theепd aгrdаt lаst Countable and unсountable nouns Countablе and unсountablе _ Сountablе and unсountablе:grammar_ SomeoI апу?_ mапy and muсh_ Сhangе of mеaning _ othеr problеms Artiсles 1 Indеfinitе artiсlе:а/ап* Zеro artiсlе (no artiсlе) Artiсles 2 Dеfinitе artiс|e:thе Determiners and pronouns аll, some_ пo|noпe_ eасh,every- both,either,пeither Adjeсtives and adverbs Adjесtivеs_ Ordеr of adjесtivеs_ Gradablе adjесtivеs_ Adjесtivеs еnding -iпg and -ed_ Аdjесtivеs with be,beсome,feel,Iook_ oпе- Advеrbs_ Advеrbs of dеgrее(intеnsifiеrs) Making сomparisons Compaтativеsand supеrlativеs:mеaning, form _ Irrеgularforms _ Advеrbs- Мaking сompаrisons_ Intеnsifiеrs Phrasa!verbs 'l Undеrstanding phrasalvеrbs- Vеrbswith thrее parts- Vеrbswith two parts:transitivе and insеparablе 133 1,З6 1.41. 146 151 Grammar39 156
- 4. lNтЕRrvlEDlAтE tANGUAGE PRAстl(E Grammar40 Grammar42 Grammar43 Grammar 44 Grammar45 Grammar 46 Grammar 47 Grammar48 Grammar 49 Grammar 50 Phrasalvеrbs2 Vеrbswith two parts:transitivе and sеparablе _ Vеrbswith two parts: intransiti.е сoNsollDAтloN4 165 Verbs followed bу -ing or infinitive 1 1'7o rеrbs followеdэу -iпg or infinitivе: littlе or no сhangе of mеaning - Vеrbs follorvеd Ilу to + infinitivе _ Vегbs followеd tlу to + infinitivе, or thаt-c|ausе VerbsfolIowedbу -ingor infinitive2 775 -еrbs followed bу -iпg or infinitivе: сhangе of mеaning _ Verbs followеd br. -lilg or infinitivе without fo: сhangе of mеaning _ Verbs followеd tll- -itlg or noun - Vеrbs followеd bу -iпg, or noun, or thаt-с|atsе r61 Verbsfollowed by prepositions -еrbs + prеposition - bе + adjесtivе + prеposition Pronouns ]ndеfinitе pronouns - Somеoпе| с|пyone еtс._ evеrуoпе, no oпeеtС'- Rеflеxivеpronouns: mуselfеtс.- Impеrsona|oпe Possession ,s(apostrophеs) _ of and сompound nouns _ Possеssivеadjесtivеs* Possеssivе pronouns_ Doublе possеssivе Linking words апd, both,too,аSwеII,аlso _ for eхаmple,suсh аs _ first (of аlI),seсoпdlу etс',fiпаIly- аs well аs this,besidesthis_ in fасt,асtuаllу'in mу view, persoпаIlу _ either,or _ insteаd(ofl_ eхсеpt _ eуеп_ Timе words with othеr mеanings Capital letters and punсtuation Сapital lеttеrs_ Full stop (.)- Comma (,)_ Sеmi сolon (;)_ Colon (:)_ Spеесhmarks (,,)(',")_ Quеstion mark (?)and еxсlamation mark (!) Spelling and pronunсiation 1 Adding -iпgto vеrbs - Words еnding in -ful _ -ieot -el?_ Silеnt lеttеrs Spelling and pronunсiation 2 Samеsound, diffеrеnt spelling _ Samеpronunсiation, diffеrеnt spеlling and mеaning - Words whiсh look similar _ Words with a syllablе whiсh is not pronounсеd - Nouns and vеrbs with с and s _ How to improvе spеlling сoNsoLIDAТloN5 179 784 189 194 199 2oЗ 206 209 гl
- 5. сo NтE Nтs Voсabulary1 Voсabulary 2 Voсabu|ary 3 Voсabulary 4 Voсabulary 5 Voсabulary 6 Voсabulary 7 VoсabuIary 8 Voсabulary 9 Voсabulary10 Voсabulary 11 Voсabulary12 Voсabulary13 Voсabulary14 Voсabulary15 Voсabulary16 Voсabu|ary 17 Voсabulary18 Voсabulary19 Voсabulary20 Voсabulary21 Dealingwith voсabulary Whеnyou find a nеWword- Makingthе mostof yourdiсtionary_ Kееping a voсabulary notеbook Word formation 'l Word formation 2 Col|oсationsand fixed expressions'l Colloсationsand fixed expressions2 Compoundwords Money and shopping Living sPaсe Personalmatters Familyand friends Тhe body and сlothes Everydayproblems Тraveland ho|idays Interestsand frеe time Plaсes Food and drink Work and study Тhe naturalenvironment ТooIsand tесhnology Еvеrydayobjeсts People Formationrules lrregularverbs Grammarindex Grammaranswers Voсabulary answеrs ,;ti:iii:tirttil z|З 215 218 221 .o А LLA 227 zЗo 2ЗЗ 2З6 2З9 242 245 248 251 254 257 260 26З 266 269 272 275 277 279 281 29З v1l
- 6. Understandinggrammarwords Matсh the examples(a-n)withthе grammarwords (1-14). a) а/аn,tиe..,!.Z.'. b) аt,to,for...',...... с) do,hаve.,..,....,. d сап,must......,,'.' e) If уoudo thаt,I,ll ..'.....,.. f) she,Someoпq mуself ......'.... g) аll, some,both,eithеr..........' h) pаstsimple, present pеrfeсt ........'., i) Whаt,syourпаme?Wheredoуoulive?.'.'',,.... i) hаppy, importапt, good....'...... k) slowlу,саrеfullу, well ........... |) get up iп thеmorning,look up а word m) The lettеrthаt аrrived this morniпg is for уou. n) /t is mаdе of wood.Thebook 1 vеrb tеnsеs 2 auxiliary vеrbs 3 modal auxiliariеs 4 prеpositions 5 quеstions 6 adjесtivеs 7 advеrbs wаs written in 2001. 8 сonditiоnal sеntеnсе 9 passivеvoiсе 10 pronouns 11 phrasalvеrbs 12 artiсlеs 13 dеtеrminеrs 14 rеlativесlausе 2 Matсh thе tеnsesin itolics (a_h)with their names(1_8). a) Hеlеn is leаviпg firstthing in thе morning. ..'..Z... b) I,vebeeпstudуiпg Еnglishfor two yеars............ с) If I hаd ahе|icoptецI,dgеtto sсhoolmorе еasily!........... d) I getup at 7.Зo еvеry day. е) Nеxt уear|,IIbetаkiпgmy final еxamsat univеrsity............ f) By thе time wе got to thе station, thе train hаd left. g) |,vеlivеdin Athеns all my lifе. ........... h) Whilе I wаs wаlkiпgalong thе strееta dog ran in front of a сar. 1 prеsеntsimplе 5 pastsimplе 2 prеsеntсontinuous 6 past сontinuous 3 prеsеntpеrfесt 7 pastpеrfесt 4 prеsеntpеrfесtсontinuous 8 futurе сontinuous
- 7. I NтER]r,|ЕDlAтE LANG UAG E PRAстlсЕ Thinkingaboutlanguagein сontext 3 tor еaсhsituation(a_d)underIine the bеstexprеssion. Thе othеr alternatives may be wrong in grammar,or too informal/impolite for the situation,or too formal/poIitе for thе situation. a) It,sr-ouгbirthday on Saturday.Invitе a friеnd to your party. 1 I'1lhavе apartУ on Saturday.You will сomе. 2 I,m having a partу on Saturday.Do you Want to сomе? З I havе a party on Saturday.Arе you сoming? bl bu arе on thе bus. Ask a strangеrto opеn thе window. 1 Сould you opеn thе windoщ plеasе? 2 opеn thе window. 3 Ехсusеmе, but do you think you сould possibly opеn thе window? с) You arrivе latе for сlassand apologizеto your tеaсhеr. 1 I,m latе,I apologizе. 2 SoтrуI,m latе. 3 Plеasеaссеptmy most sinсerеapologiеs. d) You arе a witnеss to a minor aссidеnt.Еxplain what you saw to a poliсеman. 1 Тhis сar сomеSdown thе road and hits a trее,bangl 2 А сarhad сomе down thе road and had hit a tIее. З A сar сamе down thе road and hit a trее. Other ways of learning 4 Whiсh waysof learningEnglishdo you usе?What сouldyou startdoing now? a) Rеadingfor plеasurе. b) Тranslating. с) Мaking lists of words, or problеm points, in a notеbook. d) Using a diсtionary. е) Listеningto songs. f) Kееping a diary. g) Rеviеwingyour writtеn work. h) Looking at Еnglish-languagеintеrnеt sitеs. i) Watсhing tеlеvision,watсhing films or listеning to thе radio. i) Using a sеlf-studygrammar/voсabularybook. WhiсhEnglish? Еnglish is a world languagе,and thе Еnglish spokеn in thе USA or Australia diffеrsfrom thе Еnglish spokеn in Britain. Thеrе arе also diffеrеnсеsbеtwееn spеakеrsfrom Sсotland,Irеland and Еngland, and bеtwеendiffеrеnt parts of thе samе сountry. This book usеswhat is gеnеrallyсallеd StandardBritish Еnglish. Rеfеrеnсеsarе also madе to somе diffеrеnсеsin Amеriсan Еnglish.
- 8. PrеsеntsimpIe: form PrеsentsimpIe: meaning Еxplanations r Thе prеsеntsimplеis formеd with thе bare infinitivе form of thе vеrb. Wе add s in thе third pеrson singular he/she/it. I like You likе Hе/She/Itlikes We like Theу likе Somеvеrbs arеirrеgular hаve,be I hаve Youhаve Hе/Shehаs We hаve They hоvе I аm Youаre He/Sheis We аre They аre Spеlling problеms Vеrbs еndingin o, s, Сh,Sh,х add -esfor thе third person singular. He goes Shemisses Shewаtсhes He wishes He relахes Quеstions Yes/Iloquеstiоnsarе formеd with do and thе barе infinitivе form of thе vеrb. Thе third pеrson singular usеsdoes. Do vou like Itаliаn food? Does shelikeItаliаn food? Wе also lse do/doeswhen wе form quеstions with wheп,whаt, whу where, how etc. Whаt do уou wаnt? Where does she liуe? Nеgativеs Nеgativеsarе formеd with do not and thе barе infinitivе form of thе vеrb. Thе third pеIson singular vsesdoesnot. I do not like thаt. Shedoes пot like thаt. In spеесh and informal writing, do пot bесomes don,t, and does пot bесomеs doеsn,t. I doп,t likе thаt. She doesп,t like thаt. Wе usе thе prеsеntsimplе to dеsсribе: Habitual aсtions. I usuаllуget up at 7.З0. Aсtions and situationsthat are gеnеrallyor usually truе Liz plауs in thesсhoolbаsketbаllteаm. We like iсe-сreаm. Faсtswhiсh arе alwaystruе. Thesun rises in thеeаst. Thе prеsеntsimplе also has somе futurе mеanings.
- 9. lNтERinЕDlAтE LANGUAGE PRAстlсE Presеntsimple: pronunсiation Present сontinuous:form Vеrbswhiсh еnd in lzl, ldzl, lsl, lshl,/tsh/and /ks/makе an еxtтasyllablе in thе third pегson,pгonounсе6 lпl . wаtсhеs misses relахes Аftеrlfl, lkl, lpl, ltl, thitd pelson sound is /s/. hits lhltsl othеr third pеrson lsl arc pronounсеd as lzl . seеslst..zl Doesis normally pronounсеd /du'z/ r Тhе prеsеntсontinuous is formеd with thе auxiliary уеrb be and the .ing form of thе main vеrb. I аm relахing. Youаre relахing. He/Sheis relахiпg. Wе аre relахing. They аre relахiпg r Spеlling problеms Vеrbs еnding -e drop thе -ewhеn t}:rеу add -iпg. like liking decide deciding write writiпg Vеrbswith onе syllablе,еnding in onе vowеl and onе сonsonant, doublе thе сonsonant whеn thеy add -ing. sit sitting swim swimmiпg dig diggiпg Vеrbs еnding -ieсhangе -ieto -y. lie lуing tie фiпg die dуing r Contraсtions In spеесhand informal wгiting, thе vеrb bе is сontraсted: I,m writing. You,re writiпg. He,s/She,swriting. We,rewritiпg. Theу,rе writing, l Quеstions Yes/Iloquеstions arе formеd by invеrting thе subjесt and thе alхi|iatу be. Is he/she writiпg? I4lh.questionsfollow thе samеpattеrn. Whаt аre уou writiпg? Whу аre we writing? r Negativеs Nеgativеsarе formеd with thе verb be+ nof.This is сontraсtеdin spеесhand informal writing. I,m not writiпg. He,s пot writing' Theу,re not writiпg. r Wе usе the prеsеntсontinuous to dеsсribе: Aсtions in progrеssat thе prеsеntmomеnt. Sorry,I саn,tspeаkto you,I,m wаshing mу hаir. Aсtions happеning ,around now,, еvеn though not at thе momеnt of spеaking. I,m reаdiпg TheLord of thе Rings. r Thе prеsеntсontinuous also has some futurе mеanings. Am I writing? Are-we writiпg? Ate уou writing? Are theу writing? Presеnt сontinuous: mеaning
- 10. GRAlvtlttlAR2 PRЕsENт тlпnEl Underlinethе сorreсtphrasein eaсhsentenсe. a) What timе go уou/dэ-уou-sa to bеd on Saturdays? b) Why аreyou wаiting/doyou wаiting outsidе thе door? с) Don,t ask Tim. Hе doesn,t know/пotkпowsthе answеr. d) I hаving/I,m haviпgmy lunсh at thе momеnt. е) Whеn you leаve/do уou leаvethе housе in thе morning? f) I don,t undеrstand.What is hаppeniпg/is hаppen? g) Еxсusе lлrе,doesуou kпow/doуou kпow thе timе? h) This is a grеat pafiу. I,m hаviпg/АmI hоving a lovеly timе. 2 Readthе answеrsand then сompletеthе questions. Suе?Shе livеs at thе еnd of Axwеll Road. b) Do Jim? No, I don't know him. с) What At thе momеnt? I,m doing my homеwork. d) Arе Hеrе?No, I,m sitting over thеrе. е) Do Hеrе?No, wе сhangе trains at the nеxt station. 0 why I,m wеaring two pullovегsbесausеI fееl сold! 3 Rеwriteeaсh sеntenсeso that the verb in itаliсsis a negativeсontraсtion. tе,IevtsLaw. с) I,m using this pеnсil at thе momеnt. d) Thе сhildrеn аrеhаvinglunсh in thе kitсhеn. е) I get up еar|уon Saturday. a) b) 0 Еlеna is writiпg a novel.
- 11. lNтЕRltлЕDlAтЕ LANGUAGE PRAстIсE Completееaсhsеntеnсewitha presentsimpleor presentсontinuousform, using thе words in bold. t't al ...29...Y.9.*..!'L.rР.....,'. .. сheеsеsandwiсhеs? yоu likе b) What timе .......... ? thе sun risе с) What at thе momеnt? you rеad d) Sorry,I сan,ttalk. ........... a bath. I havе е) Wе .'..... at sсhool. nоt watсh vidеos f) Look out of thе window!................. it snow g) This is an еxamination! Why .......... ....... ? you talk h) Ann to sсhool by bus еvетy day. go i) ......a uniform at your sсhool? you Wеar j) Pat has got an intеrestinghobby. . a boat. shе build Choosе thе сorreсtspellingfrom eaсh pair of words. --< a) @!!щgwritting b) diging/digging с) takeing/taking d) dесiding/dесidеing е) swiming/swimming f) having/havеing g) lying/liеing h) rеadding/rеading i) using/usеing j) waitingiwaitting k) washеing/washing l) riding/ridеing m) flyеing/flying n) studing/studying o) going/goеing Prt fтl srr ad
- 12. Еxplanations r Frеquеnсyadvеrbsarе oftеnusеd with thе prеsеntsimplе. Thеy еxplain how oftеn somеonеdoеs an aсtion, or somеthing happеns. Prеsentsimplе: frеquenсyadvеrbs State verbs and aсtion vеrbs usuаIlу //'/ sometimes I аlwауs getup аt 7'00. Pаt ofteп goestofootbаllmаtсhes. It usuаIlу rаiпswheпI go oп holidаy! Wеsomеtimes еаtpizzа for luпсh. аIwауs ofteп rаrelу ,/ |апerаrelу listeпstojаzz. nevеr - Mу bus nеvet arrivеs on timе. l Notе in thе abovе еxamplеsthat thе frеquеnсyadvеrb сomеs bеforеthе vеrb. With thе vегb be the advеrb сomеs aftеr. |im is usuаIlу lаte. r othеr frеquеnсy advеrbs arc frеqueпtly (////), normаIly(,/,/,/),oссаsionаllу (//), seldom(/), hаrdlуevеr(/). r A statеis whеn somеthing staysthе samе.An aсtion is whеn somеthing happеns.Statеvеrbs arе not usually usеd in any сontinuous form. I kпowwhаtуou meап. (NoТ .) Еxamplеs of statеvеrbs arе: r sеnsеs: аppеаLheаr,Iooklike,see,tаste r fееIing: like, hаte,lovе,prefer,wапt, wish r thinkingi аgrеe,beliеve,forget,know,thiпk, uпderstаnd r possеssion: belongto,сoпtоiп,hаvе,own l bеing: be,eхist r othеr: сost,depend oп, meaп,need r Somе of thе vеrbs in thе prеvious list сan havе a ,statе,mеaning and an ,aсtion,mеaning. Еxamplеsinсludе be,hаve,tаste,thiпk. I hаve two sistеrs. I,m hаving problеmswith this сomputer. r Somеtimеs statе vеrbs сan dеsсribе tеmpolary fееlings. How аre уou gettiпg on аt уour new sсhool? I hаte/(m hаting it! (pеrmanеntstatе) (tеmporaryaсtion)
- 13. INтERlvlEDlAтЕ LANGUAGE PRACтICE PresentsimpIеor сontinuous? Presеnt сontinuous: future mеanings otherproblеms Сornparе: Prеsеntsimplе pеrmanеnt habits and routinеs faсtsthat arе alwaystruе gеnегalsituations Prеsеntсontinuous tеmpoIary in progrеssnow еvеntshappеning at thе momеnt a partiсular situation (all thе timе) (for a fеw months) I live in Budаpеst' I,m liviпg in Budаpest. Thisplапe lаnds iп Frапkfurt, (routinе) We,re lапding. (in progressnow) Thе prеsеntсontinuous сan bе usеd to dеsстibеa fixеd futurе arrangеmеnt. Thеrе is usually a futurе timе еxpression. PаuI is leаviпg eаrlу tomorrowmorning' Mу pаrеntsаre buуing me а mouпtаiпbikеfor my birthdаy. This usagеis сommon whеn we dеsсribеsoсiаl arrangеmеnts. Are уou doiпg апуthiпgon Sаturdау?We,regoing skаting. feel Thеrе is almost no diffеrеnсеof mеaning bеtwееnthе simplе and сontinuous. I feel аwful! I,m feeliпg аwful! How do уou feel пow? How аre уou feeling пow? Prеsеntсontinuous or prеsеntpеrfесtсontinuous? Suеis stауing with |ill. (in pтogrеssnoщ and will сontinuе) Suehаs beeп stауiпg with IiП siпсeMаrсh. (in progrеssup to now, and may or may not сontinuе) Pтеsentсontinuous wtth аIwауs Wе сan luseаIwауswith thе pтеsеntсontinuous whеn we arе еxaggеlatingor сomplaining. Wе еmphasizeаlwауsin spеесhin this сasе. You,reаlwауs forgettiпgyour keys! Prеsеntsimplе in narrativеs In spеесhWесan use thе prеsеntsimplе to make a story or jokе appearmorе immеdiatе and intеrеsting,еvеn though the еvеntswеrе in thе past.This is also usеd in wтittеn summariеssuсh as plots of telеvision sеriеs. A mап v,аIks into а bаr апd оsks for а glаss of wаter.The bаrmаn Sауs ''. The storyso fаr:Miсhаel meets Susапin the librаry аnd tells hеrаbout the missingeаrriпgs..'
- 14. 2 GRAмпnAR 3 PRЕsЕNтTIмE 2 Underlinethe сorreсtsentencefor eaсhsituation. a) You Want to invitе a friеnd to your party on Friday. You say: 1 I havе a party on Friday.Do you Want to сomе? 2 I,m having a part}z on Frida}z. Do you want to сomе? b) You find a wallеt on your desk and ask the pеoplе nеarby: ]' Who doеs this wallеt bеlong to? 2 Who is this wallеt belonging to? с) A fтiеnd invitеs you to a snaсk bar at lunсh timе. You say: 1 Thanks, but I alwaysgo homе. 2 Thanks, but I,m alwaysgoing homе. d) A friеnd opеns thе door and says:What arеyou doing? You rеply: 1 I work as a sесrеtary. 2 I,m repairing thе сomputеr. е) You havеn,t dесidеdyеt about buying a nеw bikе. You say: 1 I think about it. 2 I'm thinking about it. f) A friеnd asks:Do you likе lemon tеa?You rеply: 1 I prеfеrtеa with milk. 2 I'm prеfеrringtea with milk. g) A friеnd asksyou if you havе finishеd thе book shе lеnt you. You say: 1' Sorry,I still rеad it. 2 Sottу,I,m still rеading it. h) It,sa hot day,but a friеnd has a hеavy сoat on. You ask: 1 Why do you Wеara heavy сoat? 2 Whу arеyou wеaring a hеavy сoat? Underlinethе сorreсtword or phrasеin eaсh sentenсe. a) That сan,t bе right| I doп,tbеlieуe/I,m пot bеIieviпgit! b) Carolinе сan,t swim today. Shе hаs/ishаvinga сold. с) Sееyou in thе morning' I leаve/I,mleаviпgnow' d) What do you do/аreyou doiпgJIf you drop it, it will еxplodе! е) Stop doing that, Bill! You,re/You,re beiпgvеrу si||у. D I drive/I,mdiving! You сan sit in thе baсk with Martin. g) Whаt do we eаt/аre weeаtingthis еvеning? I,m rеally hungтy! h) You,rе a grеat сook! This cakе tаstes/istаstingwondеrful. i) Whеrе do уou go/аreyougoiпgJ I havеn,t finishеd spеaking to you! i) Сhеmistry is hard. I doп,tuпderstаnd/I,m not understапding it.
- 15. INтERIYlЕDlAтE LANGuAGE PRAстlсE 3Put eaсhvеrb in braсketsinto thе prеsentsimpleor prеsentсontinuous. a) Ugh, don,tshowmе that piсturеI I (hatе)...'..!заte...............;.......... miсе! b) Who (you, go) ...to thе matсh on Saturdaywith? с) In thе wintеr,what (you,wеaт)......... .......'..... ? d) I сan,t stand hoтror films. I (think) ...thеy,rеsilly! е) Diana (not,usually,sit) ......... nеxt to Еllеn. 0 Why (you,look at)............. ......... mе likе that? g) Еxсusеmе. (this bus, stop) ...outsidе thе station? h) I (not takе).......... thе bus to sсhooltoday. 4 Matсh еaсhsentеnсe(a-h)with a suitableresponsе(1_8). a) What do you usuallydo on your birthdaу?.....1'.... b) Would you likе to mееt again on Saturday? с) What do you usually do when thеrе is an еarthquakе? d) Havе you finishеd your homеwoгk? е) What aIеyou doing? f) What arеyou doing on Friday? g) Arе you in thе sсhool baskеtballtеam? h) What do you do? ...,....... 1 Ihavеaparty. 2 I |iе undеr thе tablе. З I work in a travеl agеnсy. 4 Yеs,wе play еvеry Friday. 5 I'm still doing it. 6 lt,s hot in hеrе. I,m opеning somе windows. 7 I,m going baсk to Canada tomorrow. 8 I'm having a party. 5 Put eaсhverb in braсketsinto the presentsimpleor prеsеntсontinuous. a) What (usually,you, do) .dо.уаш.иs.uлLIу..da. at thе wееkеnd? b) Don,t Worryaboutthe сat.It (only еat)............ .....onсе a daу' с) I сan,twork out thе answеr.(you,know) ................ . what it is? d) What,sthе mattеr?Why (you,starе)......... ........ at mе likе that? е) (you, spеak) Еnglish? I,m looking for a hotеl. 0 Еlеna (stay) with mе whilе hеr housе is bеing dесoratеd. g) You should 8o on a diеt. (you, put) on wеight. h) (thеy,spеak) Frеnсh or Gеrman? I сan,t tеll thе diffеrеnсе. 10
- 16. Past simplе: form Pastsimple: mеaning Explanations r Rеgularvеrbs Past simplе rеgularvеrbs add -edto thе barе infinitivе. Vеrbs еnding in -e simply add -d. I enjoуed thеftlm. I loved themusiс. All pеrsonshavе thе samеform. r Spеlling problеms Vеrbs еnding in сonsonant +-y сhangе -у to -iе. trу tried сry cried Vеrbs еnding with onе vowеl and onе сonsonant doublе thе final сonsonant. rеgret regrettеd f|t fitted r Irrеgularvеrbs Thе most сommon irrеgularvеrbsarеlistеdon page277.It is nесеssary to lеarn thеsеforms. еаt аte driпk drапk wаke woke Quеstions Quеstions arе formеd with did and thе barе infinitivе. Did уou eпjoу thefiIm? Did you drink оll thеmilk? Whаt did уou do уestеrdау? Whу did she leаve? Nеgativеs Nеgativеsarе formеd with did пot aлd thе barе infinitivе. This is сontraсtеd to didп,tin spеесhand informal writing. Thесoаtdidn,t fit me. Саrol didn,t eаt verymuсh. Thе past simplе is usеd to dеsсribеaсtions and statеsin a сomplеtеd pеriod of timе. Wе know whеn thе aсtion happеnеd, so a dеfinitе timе еxprеssion сan bе usеd. I eпjoуеd thefilm ryе Sсtwlоst пight. We listened to someпew СDs уesterdау аfterпooп. Thе past simplе is also usеd to dеsсribеhabitual aсtions in thе past. Еverydаy wеgot up еаrlуапd weпt to thebeасh. 11
- 17. lNтЕRlvtEDlAтЕ LANGUAGE PRAстlсE Pastсontinuous: form Pastсontinuous: meaning Тimеexprеssions Wаs I sleeping? Werewe writiпg? Thе past сontinuous is usеd This is oftеn сontrastеdwith Baсk8roundsituation I wаs hаviпg my luпсh Wereуou wаiting? Werc theу leаving? Thе past сontinuous is formеd with thе past of thе auxiliaтy vеrLlbe an.dt}:rе -iпg fotm of thе main vеrb. I wаs sittiпg bу the door. Youwere lаughiпg' He/Shewаs dtiving. Wewere сrying. Theywere eаting. Quеstions YesД,lo quеstions arеformеd by invеrting thе subjесtand the auxiliary vеrb be. Wаs he/she driviпg? I4lh-quеstionsfollow thе samеpattеrn. Whаt-were уou writing? Why were theу wаitiпg? Nеgativеs Nеgativеsarе formеd with thе vеrb auxiliary vеrb be+ пot.This is сontraсtеd in spеесhand informal writing. I wаsn,t listening. Hе wаsn,t plауing. Theуweren,t lookiпg. to dеsсribеa situation in progrеssin thе past. a suddеn еvеnt in thе past simplе. Suddеn еvеnt wheпRuthphoned. I met Kаreп. While I wаs wаiting for thebus, Thе past сontinuous саn bе usеd to dеsсribеsеvеralsituationsin progтеss, happеning at thе samеtimе. While Iаmeswаs cookiпg,Dауid'wаs phottittgа fтieпd. The аirportwаs full of people.Somewere sleepiпg oп benсhes,somеwerе shopping, others-werеrcаding. Еveryonewаs wаitiпg for пewsof thеdelаyed plаne. With thе past simplе I аrrivedhеretwo hours аgo/iп Septemberflаst week/аt 6.oo. Helen liуed in Mаdrid for three уeаrs. With thе past сontinuous We сan lsе wheпor lцhilеwith thе past сontinuous to mеan .duling thе timе that'. While-wewerewаitiпgfor thеtrаiп,it stаrtedto rаiп. I сutmy fiпgerwheп I wаspеelingthepotаtoes. But if wе mеan ,at thе timе that, thеn wе only lse whе|lwith thе past simplе. Shewаs veryhаppуwheп she got hereхаmresults. t2
- 18. GRAlt,lпnAR 4 PAsттlмE 1 Underlinethe сorreсtword or phrasein eaсhsentenсe. a) Whilе lwаshed/w!5 'уlshlrlg my hair, thе phonе rаnglringed. b) How did you felt/didуou feelyеstеrday aftеrnoon? с) Whеn I got/wаsgettinghomе I reсeivedhvаs reсeivinga phonе сall. d) Last summеr I wаsgoingswimmiпg/went swimmingеvеry wееkеnd. е) Whеn thе dog bit/wаsbiting Laura,slеg, shе sсreаmed/wаs sсreаming. f) Wе sапg/suпg somе songsand thеn аte/eаt somе sandwiсhes. g) Whеn уou fell/feltovеr thе сliff, what hаppened/wаs hаppeпingnехt? h) Whilе Мatу wаshed-up/wаs wаshing-up,she broke/wаsbreаkinga сup. i) I didn't sеe/sаw whеrе thе bus stop was, so I wаs missiпg/missed thе bus. |) What did уou do/werе уou doingwhеn I phonеd/wаs phoпiпgyou last night? Thеrе was no rеply. 2 Rewriteeaсh sentenсeaссordingto the instruсtionsgiven. t dldnjt eШоvtho соnrert. a) I еnjoyеd thе сonсеrt. (negative) b) You atе all thе brеad. (quеstion) с) Did John spеnd a lot? (affirmativе) d) I fеlt wеll yеstеrday.(nеgativе) е) Anna didn,t buy a сaт.(affirmativе) f) Thеy won thе prizе. (quеstion) g) Paul doеsn,tspеakGrееk. (affirmativе) h) I paid all thе bills. (nеgativе) 3 Complеteеaсhsеntenсеwith a suitabletimе expressioп from the box.You сan usеan expressionmorethan onсe. a) A burglar brokе into the housе .....w.b.у!*..'... WеWеrеwatсhing tеlеvision. b) ..................... I mеt an old friendof minе in thе сity сеntrе. с) What Wеrеyou doing .. thе poliсе offiсеr knoсkеd on thе door? d) Jan mеt Sarah .. half-pastеight outsidе thе сinеma. e) ..................... Diсk was preparinglunсh, hе сut his fingеrbadly. f) I firstсamеto this town more than twеntyyеars......... g) Jеff was studying to bе a doсtor .. hе mеt Sally. h) Tony bоught his first motoтbikе .' 99z' i) .. did you startplaying baskеtball? j) Мost of thе young pеoplеlеft this villagеa long timе .......... 13
- 19. glЖ lNтЕRмEDlAтE LANGUAGЕ PRAстIсЕ 4Matсh еaсh sentenсe(a_h)with a suitablerеsponse(1-8). a) What was Katrinadoing whеn you knoсkеdon thе door? ....J.... b) How did Brеndaspеndhеr holiday? ........... с) What happеnеdwhеn thе lightswеnt out? .........'. d) Whеn did you mееt Сathy? ........... е) What did Juliе do whеn Tony сallеd?,,',,...... 0 Did Suzannahhеarwhat David said?........... g) What did Luсy do whеn thе bеll rang at thе еnd of thе lеsson? h) Why did Aliсia lеavе so еarу? 1 Shе wеnt sailing most days,and sunbathеdat thе bеaсh. 2 Shе put thе phonе down. 3 Shе was listеning to thе radio in thе kitсhеn. 4 Shе Wentto mеet hеr parеntsat a rеstaurant. 5 Shе сamе to my brothеr'sbirthday party. 6 Whilе Tina wаs looking for a torсh, thеy сamе baсk on. 7 Shе wasn,tlistеning. 8 Shе put hеr books away and lеft. 5 Put еaсhvеrb in braсketsinto eitherthe pastsimpleor pastсontinuous. a) WhеnHarry(wakе up)........W4 k.l+.p'....''....... , We(telll..''...t!!.?(' him thе nеws. b) Еvеryonе (wait) for thе сonсеrt to bеgin whеn a mеssagе(arrivе) с) Сharlottе (want) a rеlaxing holiday, so shе (сhoosе) to stay on a small island. d) Whеn Robеrto (study) in Amеriсa, his parеnts (phonе) him еvеry wееk. е) I (find) my pеn whilе I (look for) my bag. f) Ann (watсh) a film on tеlеvision when Juliе (arrivе) g) Whеn thе lights (go out) , I (liе) in bеd rеading. h) Whеn you (go) to thе nеw Сhinеsе rеstaulant,what (youеat) ..............'.. ? T4
- 20. Past pеrfeсt: form Pastpеrfeсt: mеaning Past pеrfeсt: сommonusеs Explanations r Thе past pеrfесtis formеd with thе auxiliary hаd and thе past partiсiplе (third сolumn in vеrb tablеs).Тhе past partiсiplеsof irrеgularvеrbs arе listеd on page277. I hаd deсided. Shehаd lеft. We hаd eаteп. In spеесhand informal writing thеseforms arе сontraсtеdto: I,d dесidеd. She'd left. We,d eаteп' r Quеstions and nеgativеs Quеstions arе formеd by invеrting thе subjесt aпd hаd.Nеgativesarеformеd with пot and сontraсtions arеusеd. Hаd shе left? Shehаd пot left. Shehаdn,t left. r Thе past pетfесtis usеd to show сlеarly that onе past еvеnt happеnеd bеforе anothеr past еvеnt.Wе usе thе past pеrfесtfor thе еarliеrеvеnt. Sueleftаt 7.00. Wеаrrivеdаt herhouseаt 8.З0. ) Wheп wеаrrived аt Suе,shouse,shehаd left. It is not nесеssalyto uSеthе past pеrfесtif wе usе before or аfterto makе thе timе sеquеnсесlеar,although many spеakеrsdo so to show a strong сonnесtionbеtwееnthе two еvеnts. Sueleft hеrhousebefore wе аrrivеd. oR Sиehаd left hеrhousebeforewе аrrivеd. We аrrived аt Sue,shouseоfter sheleft. ОR We аrrived аt Suе,shouseаfter she hаd left' l Notе that it is not nесеssary to usе thе pastpеrfесtjustbесausеan еvеnt happеnеd a long timе ago.Wе usе past simplе. TheСhiпеsеbuilt thеGrecttWаll oуеrtwothousапdyеаrsago' r Thе past pеrfесtis oftеn usеd with vеrbs of thinking |1kethink,kпow,besurе, rеаlize,remembeT, Suspeсt, uпderstаndetс. I thoughtI,d seeп thefilm beforе,but I hсldп,t. Dауid knewhе,dseеn hersomewhere bеforе. Еllеn wаs sureshehаdn,t loсked thedoor. WhenI got homeI rеаIized I,d lost mу wallеt. Thеiпspeсtor suspесted thаt thethiefhоd usеd а speсiаlkеу. 15
- 21. lNтЕRпnEDlAтE LANGUAGЕ PRAстlсE usеdto. Usedto dеsсribеsa habit or statеin the past.Thеrе is no pтеsеntform. Usedto suggеststhat thе aсtion or situation is no longеr tтuеand so makеs a сontгastwith thе prеsent. I used to hаve longhаir whепI wаSyoungеr. It is usеd for rеpеatеdaсtions and not for singlе еvents. I used to plаy tenпis,but пowI pIауfootbаll. r Quеstions and nеgativеs With quеstions and nеgativesusedto beсomеsuseto. Did уou use to hаveloпg hаir whenуou wеrеyounger? I didп,t use to plау tennis,but пowI plау mosttryеekeпds. r Pronunсiation Usedis pronounсеd lilstl. This is diffеrеnt from thе past tensеof thе vеrb use' prono!лсеd littzdl . Wouldis usеd in thе samеWayas usedfo,but it only dеsсribеsrepeatеdaсtions in thе past,not statеs.It is morе сommorr in dеsсriptivеwriting than in spеесh' Оn winterdауs,we would/used to аIl sit аroundtheftreапd tell storiеs. I used to owп а motorbike. (NОТ g) r Study thе situations and thе еxample sеntеnсеs: Situation 1:thе film startsat 8.00,I arтivеat 7.50. a)I аrrived аt 7.50,iust bфre theftImstаrted' b) Wheп thefilm stаrted, I hаd аIreаdуаrrived teпminutesbefore, Situation 2: the film startsat 8.00,I arrivе at 8.10. a) The ftImstаttеd аt 8'00, but I аrrived teпmiпuteslаtе, b)I аrrived аt 8.1o, but thеfilm hаd аIrеаdу stаrted. To dеsсribеthеsеsituations it is possiblеto uSеthе past simplе for both vеrbs,as in 1a) and2a).It is also possiblеto put thе еvеnt thаt happеnеd first into the past pеrfесt,as in 1b) and2b). Howеvеr, la) is morе simplе and muсh morе likеly than 1b).In lb) wе еmphasizеwhiсh еvеnt happеnеd first (me arriving) - but arriving first is normal whеn wе go to thе сinеma so Wedon,t nееd to еmphasizеit. In situation Zboth a) and b) arе possiblе.2a) is simplе and еasyto usе and understand.But 2b) hеlps thе mеaning by еmphasizing whiсh еvеnt happеnеd fiтst (thе film starting). in r Nоtе that thе past simplе and past pеrfесtarе also usеd in сonditional sеntеnсеs (If...)' In thеsеsеntеnсеs thеy havе a diffеrеntmеaning. would Past perfeсt and past simplе Pastforms usеd сonditionals 16
- 22. b GRAмпnAR 5 PAsттlIUlЕ 2 Whеn I got into bеd, I was falling aslееpimmеdiatеly. Whеn I was finally finding thе housе, I was knoсking at thе door. AftеrJill was giving Niсk his books, shе wеnt homе. Underline the errors in thesе sentenсes. Rewritе eaсh sеntenсe. a) Whеn wе had atе lunсh, wе wеrе sitting in thе gardеn. ..''W.hr,n..w.p..,hg,d...чtt*у.,!+уlс.h,'.у'/p..lgt..iw..thr, b) Whilе I lookеd for my keys,I rеmеmbетеdI lеft thеm at homе. с) Anna had usеd to play badminton whеn shе had bееn at sсhool. d) е) 0 Maтia would livе in Swеdеn whеn shе was a сhild. I was using to gеt up еarly whеn I had gonе sailing. i) Thе Vikings had sailеd to North Amеriсa a thousand yеarsago. j) Juliеt Wassurеshе was sееingthе tall man bеforе. 2 Undеrlinеthe сorrесtword or phrasein еaсhsentеnсe. a) Whilе l hаd wаited/wg$-wlilix18/wаited at thе bus stop, I hаd notiсed/wаs notiсing/notiсed a г'еw shop whiсh wаsп,t/hаdп,tbеenin thе strееt thе day bеforе. I hаdgoпe/wentotlt into thе gardеn to fеtсh my bikе, bttt fouпd/wаsfinding that somеonestole/hаd Stolenit. Whеn Gеorgе met/wаsmeetiпgDianе at thе party, hе thought/wаsthinking that hе sаw/hаdseen/wаs seeiпg hеr somеwhеrеbeforе. Еmily got off/wаSgеttingoff the bus, and wаlked/wаswаIkiпginto thе bank whеn shе reаIized/hаd reаIized/wаs reаIizingthat shе left/hааleft/wаsleаving hеr handbag on thе bus. Aftет I wаs buying/hаdboughtmy nеW сomputеr, I disсovеrеd that I wаsn,t hаving/didп,thаve еnolgh mеmory. I wеnt to thе post оffiсе to ask about my paсkagе,but thеy hаd sаid/sаidthat it still hаdn,tаrrived/didn,tаrrive, ol 6' h) b) с) d) е) 0 1.7
- 23. lNтЕRrиEDIAтE LANGUAGE PRAстlсЕ 3Put eaсhvеrb givеninto the pastsimplе,pastсontinuousor pastperfeсt.Morе than onе answermay be possible. Thеpoliсеsuspесtеd thatBrian(^) ...hДd..hra,Kp.w..''. (brеak) thеwindowat his housе bесausе hе (b) (want) to makе thеm think that a burglar (с) .............. (stеal)his valuablе stamp сollесtion. Тhеy (d) ............. (think) that Brian (е) .............. (do) this bесausе hе (f) ......... ... (nееd) thе monеy. Howеvец thеy (g) .............. (not know) that Brian (h) ............. (fly) to Brazil the wееk bеforе, and (i) (bе) abroad whеn thе burglary (i) .............. (takеplaсе). Complete eaсh sentenсe, using would or usеd to and the verb in braсkеts. More than onе answеr may bе possiblе. Jaсk (havе).....N.?((.''t.q'..hау9',,......... a bеardbut hе shavеdit off. My mothеr (rеad)........ to mе еvеrynight. In thе holidays wе (mееt) ....at thе bеaсh еvеry morning. d) I (not likе) ..'........ spinaсh,but now I do. е) Неlеn (writе) ....to mе oftеn,but now shе phonеs. f) Tina (livе).......... in thе housеoppositе. g) Whеn I was young, thе summеrs (bе) ....Warlnеr. h) Whеnеvегour tеaсhеrlеt us lеavееarly,wе (сhееr) 4 a) b) с) 18
- 24. 5 GRA]UlпnAR 5 PAsттl1t,|E 2 For еaсhquestion,сompletethe seсondsеntenсeso that it meansthe samеas the first, using no more than thrее words. a) Мiсhaеl took a dееpbrеath and divеd into thе watеr. AfterMiсha "l ....h.а.q('..tдkш........'...... a dееpbrеath,hе divеdinto thе Watеr. b) Tеrry was fattеr. Tеrry......... to bе so thin. с) Gary Wassurе his keysWеrеnot in his poсkеt. Garywassurе........... his kеys. d) Whеn he was youngеr David playеd tеnnis. David ....tеnnis whеn hе Wasyoungеr. е) Last summеrlJulia got up еarly еvеry morning. Last summеr,Julia usеd to ....еarly еvеry morning. 0 Wе missеd thе bus so wе took a taxi. Wе took a taxi bесausе ............... ........ thе bus. g) In thosе days,wе spеnt thе summеr in thе mountains. In thosе days,wе ....thе summеr in thе mountains. Combine thе two sentenсesto make one sentenсе.Use whenand the past perfeсt. a) I washеd and got rеady.I wеnt out to mееt my friеnds. .f| т| I I t t -' l т -,-..L ..L L, ...^^L с: l- ...Wkуэ.!.d...WN.kl.g.уId..!!.t r%lу,''I..N.pnt.'p.цl. t!'|у!,3..еt',|wу.,Irtrд4.t'... b) I knеw muсh morе about thе job. I visitеd thеir offiсеs. с) I lookеd at thе nеw drеssfor agеs.I askedhow muсh it сost. d) I fеlt muсh morе indеpеndеnt. I passеdmy driving tеst. е) Annе Wеnt on holiday. Shе savеdеnough monеy. 6 f) Thе tеam finally won thе matсh. Thеy ran round thе pitсh to сеlеbratе. 19
- 25. Present pеrfесt: form Presеntperfeсt: meaning ЕxpIanations l Thеprеsеnt pеrfесt is formеd with thе prеSеnt tеnsе of thе auxiliary vеrb hаve and thе past paltiсiplе (third сolumn in vеrb tablеs). Thе past partiсiplеs of irrеgular vеrbs arе listеd on page 277. I hаve deсided to Iеауetomorrow. (rеgular) She hаs уtritteп the emаil to Luсу. (irrеgular) In spеесh and informal writing thеsе forms arе сontraсtеd to: I,vе deсided. She,s wriffeп. r Quеstions and nеgativеs Quеstions arе formеd by invеrting thе subjесt and hаve. Nеgativеs arе formеd with not and сontraсtions arе usеd. Hаve уou dеcidеd уet? She hаs not writteп the emаil. She hаsn,t writteп the emаil' Тhе prеsеnt pеrfесt dеsсribеs past еvеnts whiсh arе сonnесtеd to thе prеsеnt. Тhеrе arе a numbеr of diffеrеnt usеs: l Еxpеriеnсеs in our lifе up to now. Hаve уou visited апу other сouпtries? YеS,I,ve beеп to Itаlу апd Frапсе. Thеrе is no timе ехprеssion bесausе wе arе talking about a wholе lifе ехpеriеnсе, not individual еvеnts. If wе wantеd to say whеn thе еvеnts happеnеd wе would usе thе past simplе. r An еvеnt in thе past that has a rеsult in thе prеsеnt. Hеleп hаs broken her pепсil' I,vе hurt mу fоot. Thеrе is no timе ехprеssion bесausе whеn it happеnеd is not important. Our attеntion is on thе prеsеIrt (Whеrе is thе pеnсil sharpеnеr? l | сan,t p|aу football). If wе wantеd to say whеn thе aсtions happеnеd wе would usе thе past simplе. l A situation that startеd in thе past and сontinuеs until thе prеsеnt. I,ve lived here for tеп vеаrs. I,ve oftеn seen |im with his dog iп the pаrk. Hеrе thеre is a timе еxprеssion, dеsсribing how long or how oftеn somеthing has happеnеd. 20
- 26. Пmе exprеssions GRAмniAR 6PREsЕNт PERFEст 1 Complеtion Wе oftеn usе thе prеsеntpеrfесtwhеn wе dеsсribеhow many things arе соmplеtеd so far. I,ve reаd а hundredpаgesofthis book. An еxaсt timе is not mеntionеd. ever,пever Wе usе evеrand пeverwherr wе ask or talk about our еxpеriеnсеs in lifе. Hоvе you ever eаtеn|аpаnesefood? No, I,veneуer eаtепit. yеt,so fоr and аlreаdу Wе usе yetin quеstions and nеgativеsеntеnсеs.It has a similar mеaning to so fаr (or,up to now,),whiсh is usеd in quеstions and positivе sеntеnсеs. Hаve уouftnishеd this bookуet? No,I,m oпpаge56' How mаnуpаgeshаvеуou reаd?I,ve reаd 56 pаgesso fаr. Wе usе аlrеаdуin positivе sеntеnсеsto dеsсribеan aсtion whiсh happеnеd bеforе. When аreуougoiпg to ftnish your lеttеr? I,ve аIreаdv writteп it. t just Wе usеiust whеn wе desсribеa very rесеnt evеnt. Саthу hаs iust phoned fтomtheаirport. Frеquеnсyadvеrbs:аlwаys,oftепetс. Frеquenсyadvеrbsthat arеusеd with thе prеsеntsimplе сan also bе usеd with thе prеSеntpеrfесt. He hаs аIwауs loved уou. (a statе) Wе hаve often visited Spаiп. (а rеpеatеdеvent) for arrdsinсe pr dеsсribеsthе lеngth of a timе pеriod. Tom hаs worked herefor three months. sinсedеsсribеsthе point whеn thе timе pеriod startеd. Tom hаs уlorkеd heresinсe |uIу 10th. z-J.
- 27. lNтER]y|EDlAтЕ LANGUAGЕ PRACтlсE Puteaсhverbintoaformof thepresent perfесt simple. a) What,s thеmattеr? (youсut).'...H.qtug'.Y.q.!t..9!4l............ yoursеlf? b) I (havе) ....a hеadaсhе еvеr sinсе lunсhtimе. с) Nadia (nеvеr sее) ............ any Сhinеsе films. d) Somеonе (stеal) ....Мr Grant,s bikе. е) Thе passеngеrsarе tirеd bесausе thеy (not slееp) ......... all night. 0 I'm afraid wе (just brеak) ....your window. Sorryl g) David (not win) .... a prize this timе, I,m afraid. h) (you еvеr еat) ....Spanish food? It,sgrеat! Complеte what еaсh speaker says. b) we..,.V..?.'.h g&.W..ryИrr'i9d....... for twеnty-fivеwondеrful yеars! d) е) 22 my
- 28. GRA]YltutAR 6 PRЕsENтPERFЕст t 3 Completeеaсhsentеnсewith a time word or phrasеfrom the box. x:жgl.:. a) Luis has livеd in thе сity сеntrе....,t.|ш'е...'.....7996. b) Thanksfor thе prеsеnt! I,vе..................... Wantеda pеt goldfish! с) Havеyou ..................'.. drunk pinеapplеjuiсе?It,sfantastiсI d) I,vе .. hеard somе fantastiсnеws!I,vеpassеdmy еxams! е) Hurry up! Havеn,tyou finishеd..................... ? You,rеso slowl f) Nina has workеd in this сompany .. fivе yеars. g) I,vе ..bееn on a big ship bеforе.It,san intеrеstingеxpеriеnсе! h) Wе,rеvеry busy today. .. Wе,vеsold ovеr a hundrеd bikеs. i) I,vе..................... passеdthis building,but this is the fiIsttimе I,vеbееn insidе. i) Сan I havеa diffеrеnt book?I,vе..................... теadthis onе. 4 For eaсhquеstion,сomрlеtethе seсondsentenсeso that it mеansthе samеas thе firs! usingno morethan threewords. a) Wе startеdworking hеrе thrее yеarsago. We,,.Y.Q..W.Q.rkЙ..h*rp. forthrее yеars. b) This is thе first timе I,vеbееn on a planе. I ................ on a planеbеforе. с) That,sstrangе!Мy pеn isn,t hеrе! That,sstrangе! ........ disappеarеd! d) Niсky and Jan arеn,tat this sсhoоl any morе. Niсky аnd Jan ........ this sсhool. е) I saw a friеnd of yours a fеw momеnts ago. I ................ a friеndof yours. 0 I,m still writing my lеttеrs. I ................ writingmy lеttетs yеt. g) Is this your first visit to South Amеriсa? Havе .......... to South Amетiсabеforе? h) oh nol Мy wallеt is still in thе сar. oh no! I ................ my wallеtin thе сar. i) It,sa long timе sinсе wе spokе to your sistеr. Wе ............. to your sistеrfor a long time. i) Is Anna still aslееp? Has ..'......... up yеt? 2З
- 29. Prеsentpеrfeсt сontinuous: form Presеnt pеrfесt сontinuous: meaning Тimе еxprеssions Еxplanations Тhеprеsеntpегfесtсontinuous is formеd with thе prеsеntpеrfесtof be, and the -illgfoгm of thе vеrb. I'ъ'ebeen wаitiпg herеаlI morniпg. -lttlt ltаve you been doing lаtelу? I ltат,eп,tbeen sleepiпgwеIIreсentlу. r Тhе pгеsеntpеrfесtсontinuous, likе thе prеsеntpеrfесt,dеsсгibеspast еvеnts lтhiсh arе сonnесtеd to thе prеsеnt.But in thе сontinuous form therе is a mеaningof an aсtion or situationin progrеss. |.llаthаve уou been doiпg lаtely? I,ve been workiпg а lot' Itow longhаve уou beeп liviпg hеre? r Тhе prеsеntpеrfесtсontinuous сan еmphasizеthе lеngth of timе of thе aсtion. I,ve been wаiting hеreаll morпing. I've been fеeling ill for weeks. r Тhе prеsеntpеrfесtсontinuous сan еmphasizethat thе aсtion is tеmpoтary. I,ve beеn stауing iп а hotelfor thеpаst moпth. r Тhе prеsеntpеrfесtсontinuous сan bе usеd for rеpеatеdaсtions. I,vе beenphoniпg herfor dауs,but she,sпеуerаt home. r Тhе aсtion may bе finishеd or сontinuing, Wеonly know by thе situation. Саrlos hаs beeп studуing Еnglish for twoуeаrsапd now he,sstopped!Whаt а shаme. Саrlos hаs been studуiпg Еnglish for twoуеаrs.He,sgoing to do ап eхаm пeхt уeаr. Тvpiсal timе еxprеssionsthat arеusеd with thе prеsеntpеrfесtсontinuous inсludе: аIIdау,аll morпing,for dауs,for аgеs,Iаtelу,reсeпtlу, sinсe,for z4
- 30. Presеntpеrfесtor presentperfесt сontinuous? othеr problеms GRAм]t,tAR 7PRE5ENт PERЕЕст oftеn thеrе is vеry littlе diffеrеnсеbеtwееnthе two tеnsеs: I,ve worked/beeп working herefor two уeаrs' I,ve lived/beeп living herefor twoуeаrs. Wе oftеn usе thе prеsеntpеrfесtif our attеntion is on thе finishеd rеsult,but thе prеsеntpеrfесtсontinuous if our attеntion is on thе aсtion. I,ve.written thаt еmаil tolасkie'I wаs meапiпgto do it for аges' I,ve been writiпg thаtemаil to|асkieаnd it,stаkenаn hour!I,m eхhаusted! If wе givе dеtails of how many or how muсh wе do not usе a сontinuous form. I,ve ulritten four emаils. I,ve done а lot of сookingапd сIеапiпg this аftеrnoon. Prеsеntsimplе or prеsеntpеrfесt? Wе usе thе prеsеntsimplе to dеsсribеhabits or statеsin thе prеsеnt,but wе usе thе prеsеntpеrfесtto dеsсribеthе timе until thе prеsеnt. I live iп Prаgue' (a pеrmanеnt statе_ I always livе thеrе) I,ve livеd in Prаguefor twoуeаrs. (I arrivеd two yеarsago and still livе thеre) Past simplе or prеsеntpеrfесt? Thе past simple dеsсribеsan event in a сomplеtеd timе pеriod. Thе prеsеnt pеrfесtis usеd for a timе pеriod that inсludеs thе prеsеnt. I lived iп Prаgue in thе пiпeties. (now I livе somеwhеrе еlsе) I,ve lived in Prаguesinсеthеniпeties. (I still livе thеrе) Thе сhoiсе of tеnsеoftеn depеndson whеthеr oul attеntion is in thе past or thе prеsеnt. I hаd аn umbrellа,butI left it on thebus. (thе еvеnt is distant in my mind) Оh no!I,ve left my umbrellаoп thebus. (thе еvеnt is prеsеntin my mind) hаvebeeпand hаvegoпе |f we hауebeento a plaсe,WеWеntthеrе and havе now rеturnеd.|f we hаve gotlеto a plaсе,wе wеrit thеrе but havе not rеturnеd. Melissа hаs beeп to Сhiпа. Melissа hаs gone to Сhinа. (and shе has сomе baсk) (and shе is still thеrе)
- 31. lNтERмЕDlAтЕ tANGUAGE PRAстlCЕ 2 Underlinеtheсorreсtword or phrasein eaсhsenteпсе. a) I livе hеrе/I-7е-]wзl-hеte sinсе thе еnd of last yеar. b) I'm afraid thе last tтain lеft/hаsleftan hour ago. с) Somеonе hаsjuststolen/hаs just beeпsteаliпgmy biсyсlе. d) Тhank you for your offеr, btlt I deсided/I,vе decidednot to aссеpt. е) YеstегdayI lost/I,ve lostmу wallеt. f) Тakе your umbrеllа with уoll. It stоrted/It,s stаrtedraining. g) !Vе,тееnjoying our trip. We уisitedПVе,уe уisitеdtwo сountriеs so far. h) I,rnstаndiпghere/I,ve beenstапdingherefot hours and I fееl tirеd. i) Тhis wаs/hаsbeena busy day and it isn,t ovеr yеt! j) l fееl rеally tired. We weпtПVe,ve beento a partу last night. Put eaсhverb in braсketsinto either the presentperfeсt,past simple or present simple. a) LastwееkI (losе)......... ,.Lp.l,t...'..,.... my sсarf,and now I (justlosе) ... .|'v e.. j.'.a.t...L..,r t.'. ......''.. ...myglovе s. I (work) ....for Bluе Bank at thе moment but I (dесidе) ....to сhangеjobs. Wе (bе) ....hеrе for hours. Arе you surеWе (сomе) thе bus homе. 0 I (nеvеrеat)............ oсtopus,but onсе on holiday I (еat)........... somеsquid. g) I (hopе) ....you arеn,ta vеgеtarian. I (сook) ....yousomеlamb сhops. h) Rесеntly a lot of young pеoplе (takеup) ....kite surfing. i) Whеn wе (rеaсh) ....thе сinеma,thеrе(not bе) '... aгlУtiсkеts lеft. i) Plеasесomе quiсkly! Niсk (havе) ....an aссident,and hе (go) ....to hospital. b) с) 26
- 32. GRAlvlluAR 7 PREsENтPERFEст 2 3 Completeeaсh mini-dialogue by puttingthе verbsgiven in braсkеtsinto either thе presentperfeсt or prеsentperfeсtсontinuous. a) A: Tеrmi natot2 is on at thеRеx?(yousеe) ..'!!.g,vэ,уl!*..{.*k.......... it? B: No,notyеt.Shallwеgo?I (lookto,-u,o;..,.Yp..h*k'!q.q!9i.ryg'fl.rwкd. to sееingit for agеs. b) A: What,s thе mattеr?You look rеally tirеd! B: I am! I (study) .... a7lday,and I (not finish) A: Somеonе(rob).......... thе bank at thе еnd of the road. е) A: Why is your lеg in plastеr? B: That,sa silly quеstion!I (brеak) ....it, of сoursе. A: Somеonе(writе) .....BrеakТimе, on thе plastеrl 4 For eaсhquestion,сompletethе seсondsentenсеso that it meansthe sameas the first using no morе than three words. a) I сamе tо livе hеrе thrее months ago. | .',V,.Q, hwYk. !ууу,уu,,,,.''...... hеrеfor thrееmonths. b) Sophiеis out at the shopsat thе momеnt. Sophiе ....to thе shops. с) I,vеhad FrеnсhlеssonssinсеМarсh. I ................ ....... FrеnсhsinсеМarсh. d) I,m still rеading this book. I ................ ....... rеadingthis book yеt. е) Paul lеft thе room a momеnt ago. Paul has ....thе room. 0 It'sagеssinсе I last wеnt to thе сinеma. I ................ ....... to the сinеmafor agеs. g) This is thе first timе I,vееatеn snails. I ................ ....... snailsbеforе. h) I don,t rеmеmbеrHеlеn,sphonе numbеr. I,vе............ Hеlеn,sphonеnumbеr. с) d) ld 27
- 33. lNтERluЕDlAтE LANGUAGE PпA(тlCE 5 llCompletе еaсh sentenсewith onе suitablеword. Wе,vеhad a vеry intеrеstingtrip (a)....{.!......'....... far, and wе,vеhad some intеrеstingadvеnturеs(b)..................... thе lasttime WеWrote.We,ve (с)..................... to somеbeautifulislands,and (d) .. a lot of intеrеstingpеoplе.In faсt (е)..................... Wе,vеmadе friеndswith somе pеоplе in a villagе, and they,vеbeеn (f) .. us thе loсal languagе.I havеn,tmanagedto lеarn muсh (g)............. but Ann (h) ..................... piсked up quitе a lot, and сan spеak well. She,sbееn (i) .. every day, and shе,s(j)..................... mе еvеrythingshе knows! Underlinethe еrrors in thеse sentenсes.Rewriteeaсh sentenсe. a) Мy pеnfriend is writing to mе for yеars. l /v|vpeуlfrLen,d hаs baуъ writuц,q to уиofar Yeаrs, ........,...}.... v ..... !g. i l... t........ ф..... ! l.. i... b) Wе have started this сourse thrее wееks ago. ,What havе you beеn doing a||daу?,,I,vebeen writtеn lettеrs., 't"i!"" Whеn havе you arrivеd in this сity? e) You havе еvеr bееn to India? 0 s) h) Рaula has bееn stayеdin a hotеl by thе sеa. I,vеbееn fееling ill thrее wееksago. I livе in this сiW sinсе I was born. I wait hеrе for agеs.Wherе have you bеen? Tony has lеavеd his books on thе bus. 6 с) d) i) i) 28
- 34. will Futurеtimе bе going to Еxplanations Wесan rеfеrto thе future in Еnglish by using will, bеgoiпgto or by using plеsеnt tеnsеs.SomеtimеsWесan usе diffеrеnt forms and therе is littlе diffеrеnсеbеtwееnthеm, othеr timеs thеrе is a diffеrеnсе. r Form Тhе wiIIfuturе is formеd with thе infinitivе without fo.Thе nеgativеsof will is woп,t.Will is usually shortеnеdin spеесhand informal writing to ,l/. Somе spеakеrsusе shаll to rеfеrto thе futurе in formal situationswith 1and we.Hоwevеr this usе is bесoming vеry rarе.In modеrn Еnglish sЙсl/is usеd for suggеstionsonly: ShаIlI opeпthewindow? r Меaning Wе usе will to talk gеnеrallyabout futurе bеliеfs,opinions, hopеs and prеdiсtions.Thеrе is usually a timе еxprеssion.Wе сan addperhаps, probаblу or definitelyto show how сеrtain or unсеrtain Wе arе about our prеdiсtions. In theneхtсeпtury, mostpeoplеwill probаbф live iп big сities. Perhаps it,ll rаin tomorrow' Uпitеdwill defiпitelу wiп tonight. Notiсе that probably сomеs aftеrwill but bеforеwoп,t. Shе,lIprobаbф сomewith us toпight. Sheprobаblу-won,t сomеwith us toпight. r Form Тhе begoiпgto futurе is formеd with thе verb be+going+thе infinitivе. |еаn is going to lеаrп to drive. Tim апdАnп аre goiпg to trаvel аbroаdпeхtуeаr. l Mеaning Wе usеgoiпgto for plans and intеntions. Thе plan may bе in thе nеar futurе, or morе distant. (m goiпg to do lots of work this eveпing. АfterI ftnish Uпiversitу I,mgoiпg to trаvel аIIoverЕuropеbу IпterRаiI, Wе also lse goiпgfo for prеdiсtions.Wе usеgoingfo whеn thеrе is somе еvidеnсеin thе prеsеntsituation, for еxamplе Wе сan sееsomеthing. Look out!Thosebooksаrе going to fаll! 29
- 35. lNтERrиЕDlAтE LANGUAGE PRAстIсЕ Prеsent сontinuous Problems Form SееGrammar2 fot the form of thе prеsеntсontinuous. I,m meeting mу motherfor lunсh аt one. Меaning Wе usе thе prеsеntсontinuous to talk about things wе havе arrangеdto do, in partiсular soсial arrangеmеntsand appointmеnts.Thеrе is nеarly always a timе ехprеssion. А: Аre уou doing апуthingoп Fridау eveniпg? B: Not reаllу' Why? А: I,m hоving а pаrty. Would уou like to come? will or going to? Will alrrd goingto arеboth usеd for prеdiсtions, and on most oссasionsеither is possiblе. I thiпk it,s going to/it,ll probаblу rаin tomorrow. Howevеr if thеrе is strong еvidеnсеin thе prеsеntsituation, then goiпgto is usuallyusеd: I think it,s goiпg to rаiп this аfrerпooп, (looking up at blaсk сlouds in thе sky) goingto or prеsеntсontinuous? Goiпgto and thе plеsеnt сontinuous arеboth usеd for plans and arlangеmеnts,and on most oссasionsеithеr is possiblе. I,m going to hаvе/I,m hаviпg а pаrtу oп Fridау' Howеvеr,goingto сan suggеSt that thе dеtailsarе not yеt finalizеd _ it,s still iust a plan. Whеrеasthе prеsentсontinuous сan suggеstthat thе arrangеmеntis moIе fixеd, with a timе and a plaсе. |eаnis going to hаve аnothеrdrivinglessoпsooп. (a plan, with no spесifiсtimе) |еаn is hаviпg her driviпg lessoпthis аfterпooп. (it,sfixеd, in hеr diary) othеr mеanings of will WilI has othеr mеanings,for еxamplе spontanеousdесisionsthat сomе into our hеad at thе momеnt of spеaking,promisеsеtс. Is thаt thephoпеriпgiпg?I,Il апswerit' (a spontanеousdесision) I,lI do thebestthаtI cап to helpуou. (apromisе) tbe Ntth be Wе usе will or going to, not thе prеsеnt сontinuous. I,ll be bасk on Fridаy. I,m going to be bасk oп Fridаy. 30
- 36. ), a GRAмпnAR 8 FUтURЕt Undеrlinethе сorrесtsentеnсe,"|or 2, in eaсhmini-dialogue. a) A: Can you сomе danсing tomorrow night? B: 1 Sorry,I,ll play baskеtball. 2 Sorry,I,m pla}zingbaskеtball. b) A:What arеyour plans for thе summer? B: 1 l,ll spеnd a month in thе mountains. 2 I,m going to spеnd a month in thе mountains. с) A:What do you think about thе wеathеr? B: 1 It,ll probablу rain tomorrow. 2 lt's raining tomorrow. d) A:What about tomorrow at about 5.30? B: 1 oK, I,ll sееyou then. z oK, I,m sееingyou thеn. е) A: Мary is buying a dog nеxt wееk. B: 1 Rеally?What is shе сalling it? 2 Rеa||у?What is shе going to саll it? f) A: It would bе niсе to sееyou nеxt weеk. B: 1 Arе you doing anything on Wеdnеsday? 2 wi|| you do anything on Wеdnеsday? Put еaсh verb in braсketsinto a form ot will,going to or presеntсontinuous. More than one answermay be possible. a) Havеyouhеard thеnеws? Harry(join)....w..jq.tу1Lw,/,w'зp.у,ryg..tp..j.p.L*'.. thе Armyl b) Sorryto kееpyou waiting.I (notbе) ............. .......... long. с) Aссording to thе wеathеrforeсast,it (snow) tomorrow. d) I,m sorryI сan,tmееtyou tonight.I (goout) ........... ............ with my parеnts. е) Сareful!You (knoсk)..............'. ....... that jug off thе tablе! f) In fifty yеaтs,timе, most pеoplе(probablyridе).......... biсyс1еsto work. g) our tеaсhеr(givе)......... us a tеsttomorrow. h) I (go) ....to Manсhеstеr at the еnd of nеxt wееk. i) Look out! You (hit) ....that trее! i) I think our tеam (probablywin) .......... 2 31
- 37. lNтЕRП,lED!AтE LANGUAGE PпACт!сE ]l Ж3 Complete the seсond sentenсeso that it has a simiJаrmeaning to the first sentenсe. a) Мy party is on Thursday. | ..,.|у1,. h4vLу1g.'4. Р.a rtу'.... on Thursday. b) Тomorrow,s wеathеr forесast is for rain. It's............. tomorrow. с) I prеdiсt a viсtory for our tеam. I think ....win. d) Тomorrow l,ll bе absеnt,Mrs Jones. I ................ ....... herеtomorrощMrs Jones. е) Теrry intеnds to finish painting thе kitсhen this еvеning. Теrry ......... painting thе kitсhеn this еvеning. f) Мееt mе outsidе thе station at 5.30. I ................ ....... outsidethе stationat 5.30. g) What,s our arrangеmеnt for lunсh? Whеrе ....for lunсh? h) Еvеryonе еxpeсts lots of tourism in this сountry nеxt summеr' Еvеryone thinks a laтgenumber of tourists ....this сountry nеxt summеr. Underlinеthe sentenсeswhiсh are inсorreсt.Rewritethem. |f the sentenсeis сorreсt,put a tiсk (/). a) I go swimming nеxt Saturday.Would }zoulikе to сome? ..I!.ш..q.a.|!ш..t.w.tшшцnа..у.trхt..S.цt.*rdдY,..W.a.цld. ..........Ф.....Ф Ф....tl..ltr.r......! b) What aIе you going to disсuss at thе nеxt mееting? Thе boat is turning over! I think it will sink! Suе is going to lеnd mе hеr rollеr-skatеs. е) The wеathеr foreсast says it,s dеfinitеly sunny tomorrow. Г) Thеrе is a lot to do. Is anyonе gоing to hеlp you? Sorry,I,m not sееingyou tomorlow. I havе to go to London. 4 c) d) s) h) 32 Byе for now. I sееyou latеr this еvеning.
- 38. 5 GRAlvt1YtAR 8 FUтUREl Rеwriteeaсh sentenсeso that it сontains will or going to. a) I plan to study еnginееringin Franсе. ...|.ш.go.|rg..t.q.,'|t*.dу..gш.irep-riш...цrу..f'rл.4&9'. b) I,vе arrangеd a pafiУ for nеxt Friday. с) Wе,vе got an appointmеnt at thе doсtor,s, so wе сan,t сomе. d) Kеlly is likеly to gеt thе iob. е) Martin,s wifе is prеgnant again. 0 Sarahdoеsn,tplan to gеt marriеd yеt. g) Thеrе,sa possibility of snow tomorrow. h) I prеdiсt a sсorеof З_0. ls ё ooo oo ме).. UN,тЕ D (ovЕ(l " r'o оo. cо6ё 33
- 39. :;: .::l::l ,1.1.:r.l ',:l:rl lir:l:tli tuture сontinuous Futurepеrfeсt Prеsent simplе Exptanations rForm Thе futurе сontinuous is formеd with will + bе+ thе -iпgform of thе vеrb. This timetomorrow I,Il be еаting lunсhon thеplапe, r Меaning Thе futurе сontinuous is usеd whеn wе imaginе an aсtivity in progrеssin thе futurе. Wе oftеn usе it whеn Wесomparеwhat wе arе doing now with what wе will bе doing in thе futurе.Тhеrе is nеarly always a timе еxpгеssion. Wherеwill уou be liviпg iп fiveуeаrs,time? Wе also usе thе futurе сontinuous to say that somеthing will dеfinitеly happеn. Wz,IIbе holdiпg а mееtiпg Sooп,Sowесаn deсidetheп. r Form Thе futurе pеrfесtis formеd with will + hаvе+thе past paгtiсiplе. Bу thеtimewеgеtto thесiпemа,thеfilm ulill hаve begun. r Mеaning Wе usе thе futurе pеrfесtto look baсk from onе point in thе futurе to an еarliеrеvеnt.Wе oftеn lsе bу ot bу thеtimеwith thе futurе pеrfесt. Bу neхtwеekI,П hаve сollесtedover7000 еurosfor сhаritу. Thе situation has not happеnеdyеt, but at a сеrtain timе in thе futurе it will happеn. r Wе oftеn usе thе prеsеntsimplе to talk about еvеntsin thе futurе basеdon a fixеd timеtablе,programmеor сalеndar. |im,splапeleауesаt 12.00. Оur heаdtеасhеr retires пехtyeаr. r Wе usе thе prеsеntsimplе to rеfеrto thе futurе aftеrthеsеwords:wheп,аftеr, before, uпIеss, in саsе,aSSoonаs, uпtil, bу thetimе,theпeхttimе. When I sееherаgаiп,I,ПtеIIhеrуournеws. Let,sruп homеbeforeit rаiпs' Tаkeап umbrellа,in саse it rаins. Аs soon аS we,re reаdу, wе,llphoпeуou. Pleаsewаit hеreuntil Mrs llсlll сomesbсtсk. Wе сan alsousе thе prеsеntpеrfесtwith thеsеwordsto еmphasizеthat an aсtion is сomplеtе. Hапd iп уourpаpеras soon аS уou hаve flnishеd, З4
- 40. tunсtions using wil/ andsholl GRAпnмAR 9 FUтURЕ 2 Whеn Wе say that a vеrb form has a ,funсtion,,Wеmеan that Wеusе it for a purposelikе ,pтomising,or ,suggеsting, rathеr than to rеferto timе. Мany usеs of will and shаll arе moIе еasily dеsсribеdin this way. r Promisе I,ll try аs hаrd аs I сап. r Thrеat Stopdoing thаt, or I,II tell mу dаd. r Dесision madе at thе momеnt of spеaking. А: ,Whiсh oпedoyou wапt?, B.. ,I,IItаke theblue silk one., (in a shop) r offет I,lI give you а Iift in my cаr. WilI уou hаvе somemoreсoffee? Shall I opeп thedoorfor you? Rеquеst WilI you саrry this bаgfor me? Suggеstion Shаll lуe plау tenпis? Parting remark I,lI see уou tomorrow' 35
- 41. lNтER]vtEDlAтЕ LANGUAGЕ PRAстlсE Undеrlinethесorrесtword or phrasein eaсhsentenсe. a) This timе nеxt wееk Billy will lie/wj]]!еЦiд8 on thе bеaсh. b) Plеasеstayin your sеatsuntil thе bd,|riпgs/willring. с) Wе,IIhауemoved/We,ll be moviпgto our nеw housе on Tuеsday. d) What timе doеsуour trаin leаve/willуour trаiп leаve? е) Don,t forgеtto turn off thе lights bеforeyou,releаviпg/you lеаve' f) Whеrе will уou work/willуou bеworkiпgin tеn yеars,timе? g) Wait for mе. I,lIbe/I,П hаvebeenrеady in a momеnt. h) John woп,tstop/won,t hаvestopped talking all thе timеl Completeeaсhpart sеntenсе(a-h)with than one answеrmay be possible. a) As soon as I hеar from Sharon, ...5... b) By thе timе Мary arrivеs с) Plеasе takеa sеat........... d) This timе nеxt wееk........... е) Thе nеxt timеyou sееmе ........... f) Wе'll havе timе to havе somе lunсh one of the part sentenсes(1-8).Morе 1 until thе dеntist is rеady. Z the matсh will bе ovеr. З l,ll havе had my hair сut and you won,t rесognizеmе. 4 bеforеthе train leavеs. 5 l,ll askhеr to phonе you. 6 wе,ll bе еnjoying oursеlvеson hоliday. 3 Undеrlinethe inappropriate verb forms and write thе сorrесtform in the spaсe. lf the sentenсeis сorrесt put a tiсk (/). 2 a) By thе timе thе poliсе gеt hеrе,thе burglarswill havе vanishеd. Whеn you,ll grow oldеr,you,ll сhangе your mind about this. Thе bus lеavеsat 1.00,so wе,ll lеavеthе housеat 11.30. I won,t lеavеuntil you will givе mе thе monеy. As soon as thе taxi will arrivе,I,ll bе lеtting you know. Will yоu havе bееn using thе vidеo nеxt lеsson? By thе timе wе gеt to Hеlеn,shousе, shе,ll lеavе. .Do you Wantmе to сarry this?, ,No that,sall right, I,m doing it.' hl d) fl o ь/ h) З6
- 42. 4 GRAммAR 9 FUтURE2 Rewriteeaсh sentenсeso that it сontains will/shollor going tq and thе verb underlined. а) How оlavins tеnnis? shлuweplаvtenлls? rr.4rt...4......... b) I,vе dесidеd to stud}zArabiс in Сairo. с) I promisе to bе homе by midnight. d) I hopе to mееt you later. e) I,d likе you to p to thе shops for mе. 0 Wе promisе not to makе too muсh noisе. g) Would you likе mе to help you with thosе bags? h) Wе сould сomе baсk latеr if you likе. Completеthe seсondsentenсeso that it hasa simi]armеaningto the first sentenсe. a) Thе work won,t takе us longеr than an hour. w" .!Ц..hдu.'еrtn,'h9n'. ....... thеwork inanhour. b) I promisе to phonе you bеforеour nеxt mееting. BеforеWе............. .......... you. с) Would you likе mе to сhесk thе spеlling for you? Shall.......... foтyou? d) Shеila rеfusеsto lеt mе sharеhеr book. ShеilaWon,t ....book. е) How about having a gamе of сhеss? Shall.......... a gamеof сhеss? f) Plеasеstayhеrе until I сomе baсk. Plеasеdon,t ......... сomе baсk. g) Aftеr thе lеssonwе,ll meеt and play tеnnis. Whеn ....we,ll mееt and plаy tеnnis. h) What job will you havе in twеnty years,timе? What will ....in twеnty yеars,timе? 5 З7
- 43. 2 Underlinethe сorrесtword orphrasеin eaсhsentеnсе. a) Whеn I was a сhi|d I usеdto ride/Iwаs riding a triсyсlе. b) That looks vеry hеaly. Will l/ShаllI hеlp you? с) I'm waiting for Suе.Hаveуou sееnher/Didуousеeher? d) How |ong аreуou working/havе уou bееnworkiпgherе? е) I сan,t сomе out beсausеI hауеп,tfnished/I didn,tfinish my homеwork yеt. f) Whеn thе phonе rang I wаshеd/I wаswаshiпgmy hair in thе bathroom. g) Why doyou stаrе/аre you stаringat mе likе that? h) I'vе finishеd my еxams so I,m hаviпg/Ihауea party tomoшow. i) Wе,d bеttеrwait hеrе until thе raiл stops/willstop. i) Whеn did уou lаstgo/hаvе уou lаst bеento thе сinеma? Put eaсhverb in braсkеtsinto the prеsentsimpleor сontinuous, or the past simpleor сontinuous. ,What(youdo)..'.d.q...у.q.*,.dg..............,.... ?,,I,man еnginееr., тhе door Wasopеn so thе dog (run) ....into thе living room. Whеn wе arrivеdhomе Jan (sit)............ оutsidеthе door. Сan you hеlp mе? I (not undеrstand) .'..Spanish. At thе bеginning of thе film I (realize) ..''.'....... I,d sееnit a) b) с) d) е) 3 bеforе. f) I,m sorry,I саn't talk long. I (study) ....for an еxamination. g) At thе momеnt of thе еarthquakеPat (rеad) ....in bеd. h) I,ll phonе you as soon as I (know) ....thе rеsults. D I (stay) ....at thе Hotеl Тirol. Why don,t you сall rnе? i) .What (you do) ....whеn you sawthе snakе?',| raл., For еaсhquеstion,сompIetеthe sесondsentеnсеso that it meansthe sameas the first,usingno morеthan threewords. a) Stеvеlеft bеforеmу aтrival. Whеn|,,.4 rr|,Y d'.' 5t эu*..hд,d... a|r eadу lеft. b) Do you nееd any hеlp with your suitсasе? Shall.......... you with your suitсasе? с) What,syour usualtimе of arrivalat sсhool? Whеn ....arrivеat sсhool? d) Aliсе startеdplaying tеnnis six months ago. Aliсе .......... tеnnisfor six months. 38
- 44. GRAмlvlAR 1o (oNsoLlDAтoNl f) I,ll wait hеrе until it stopsraining. Whеn it stopsraining ....lеavе. In thе middlе of my rnеal,thе phonе rang' Whilе I ................. ...... my mеalthе phonе rang. Jaсk has сomе to stay for thе wееkеnd. Jaсk........... with mе for thе wееkеnd. I lastsawDavid in 1990. I ......'.......... ...... David sinсе1990. Arе you frееtomorrow еvеning? Arе ............ anything tomorrowеvеning? 4 Dесidеwhiсh answer(A, B, с or D) bеstfits the spaсe. Mаriсl,shomесomiпg Whеn thе bus (1).....Q.... in a smallsquarе' Мaria (2)........... hеr magazinеand didn't rеalizеthat shе (З)........... at hеr dеstination.,Тhisis SantaTеrеsa,, Martin said..(4) homе! I supposеyоur сousin (5)........... for us. Сomе on. (6) thе bags.'Maria thought,,All thosеyеarswhеn I (7)........... in Nеw York,I (8)........... of this momеnt. And now it,srеal,I сan,tbеliеvеit! Hеrе I am, (9) in thе squarе,. SantaTеrеsa was Мaria,sbirthplaсе,but shе (10)...'....... thе town at thе agеof six. Shеhad somеmеmoriеsof thе town, and somеphotos,but (11) hеrеstill?Shе (12) . Nobody (1З)........... in thе squarе.Pеrhapshеr сousin Pablo (14) Мaria,slеttеr..What (15)........... now?,askеdМartin..Thеrеisn,tеvеna hotеlhеrеl, е) h) 1) A has stoppеd 2) A was rеading З) A arrivеd 4) A Yоu arrivе 5) A waits 6) A I'll сarry 7) A livе 8) A drеarn 9)AIrеallystand 10)A was lеaving 11)A will shеbеlong 12)A wasn't knowing 13)A was waiting 14)A wasn,t rесеiving 15)A arеwе going to do B stops B rеad B arrivеs B You,rе arriving B will bе waiting B I сarгy B havе livеd B am drеaming B I was rеally standing B had lеft B did shе bеlong B hasn't known B is waiting B didn't usе to rесеivе B havе wе donе С stoppеd С had rеad С has arrivеd С You,vе bееn arriving С has waitеd С I,vесarriеd С was living C usеd to drеam С I had rеally stood С usеd to lеavе С has shе bеlongеd С hadn't known С waits С hadn't rесеivеd С did wе do D was stoppеd D usеd to rеad D had arrivеd D You'vе arrivеd D is going to wait D I сarriеd D am living D will drеam D I,m rеally standing D has lеft D doеs shе bеlong D didn't know D waitеd D hasn,t rесеivеd D arе wе doing З9
- 45. lNтЕRMЕDlAтЕ tANGUAGЕ PRAстlсЕ 5Put a suitab!е timе word or expressionin еaсhspaсe.Еaсhspaсeis for one word. Just a quiсk notе ral..h.pf.!.r.p....... I lеavеfor thе airport.SorryI havеn,tbееn in touсh (b).............'....... Wеdnеsday, but I,vеbееnbusygеttingready (с,) .........'.... , and I havеn,tсollесtеd my tiсkеt (d)..................... from thе travеlagеnсy. (е).............. ...I gеt to Sydnеy,l'1l writе you a lеttеr.I,vе (f) ..bееn to Australia bеforеbut I,vеbееnrеadinga lot aboutit (g).......'...'......... . It sounds grеatlI,ll bе in Sydnеy(h) .......... thе еnd of nеxt wееk,and thеn I,m ::::]]::: ::':::::::' ::i :: JH:l l]' ;;;;;;;; ;l'Ж:'.:]".,.. -", Look сarefully at еaсh l]nе.Some linеs arе сorreсt but some havе a word whiсh should not bе therе. Tiсk (/) eaсh сorrесt Iinе. lf a line has a word whiсh should not be therе, writе thе word in thе spaсe. Dеar Еmma, 6 I,m sorry I har,еn,tbееn writtеn to you latеly,but I,vе bееn working hard.Whеn I rесеivеdyour lastlеttеr I was aсtingin a play at sсhool,and whеn I havе finishеdthat, I Wenton holiday with somеfriеnds. I mеant to Sеndyou a postсard,but I had forgot to takе your addrеsswith mе. How arеyou gеttingon at сo1lеgе? You didn,t sayvеry muсh aboutthis in your lеttеr.I hopе you arе still likе it, and don,t bееn work all thе timеI Do you still Want to сolrrе and will stay for a fеw days?I,m startingwork in London aftеr I shall lеavе sсhool in July, and I want to sееyou bеforеthеn. I havе know you,rе busy, but by thе timе your tеrm finishеs, I,ll havе startеdmy job. I,vеbееn donе so many things latеly! I,vеjust lеarnеd to drivе and my parеnts havе sometimes]еnd mе thеir сar,so I oftеn go out with friеnds.Мaybе I,l1bеdrivе to Nottingham and Sееyou onе day. Bеstwishеs,Luisa 1 Z 3 + 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 7Z 13 '1.4 15 T6 7 beet+ 40
- 46. d. in с) d) to ъ GRA]vtпnAR 1o сoNsotlDAтloNl 7 Underlinеthe errorsin thesеsеntenсes. Correсtthe error. a) By thе timе I got to thе phonе it stoppеd ringing. .....it'',hд.d.' .l.t p. B B s.d' ..r.iш,iry'''''. . b) I,m not vеry good at this gamе.Yоu sее,I didn,t play it bеforе. Whеn has Pеtеwrittеn to you last? What do you do at wееkеnds?Arе you еvеIgoing to thе сinеma? е) Whеn I was on holiday last summеr I was going to thе bеaсh еvеry day. fl Juliе сan,t meеt you tomorrow. Shе will play baskеtball. g) You,rеalwayslatеII,m waiting hеrе for agеs! 8 ln еverydayspokеn Еnglish,we often leavеout the sub|eсtpronoun and auxiliary. lnsteadof saying, ,Do уoulikeit?,we saу,,Likeitu,.RеWritееaсh sentеnсeso that the vеrb underlinedhasa subjесtpronoun. a) Finishеd yеt? Wе,rеall waiting! .''l!.qу.,,''Y g*. rt*hedYet? b) Byе for now! Sее you tomorrowl с) Good holiday? Had a niсе timе? d) Paul,sa bit diffiсult. Know what I mеan? е) Hi, Tim. Comins out for a drink latеr? f) Bееn waiting long? Sorry for thе delay. Cheсkthe diffеrеnсebеtweеnthe prеsentsimpleand prеsеntсontinuousin Grammar3. How сanyou show this differеnсein your language? Doesyour languagehavea tensewith the samеform as thе presеntperfeсt?ls it usedin the sameway?Can you showthe diffеrеnсein your languagеbetwеen thе presentperfeсtand past simple? Do you havea futuretеnsеin your language?Doesit еxprеssall the meaningsof will,going fo and thе presеntсontinuous? I td Problem сheсk
- 47. Rеportеd spеесh Тensе сhanges Explanations Wеoftеn tеll pеoplе what othеr pеoplе havе said. Тhis is сallеd rеportеd or indirесt spеесh. Wе rarеly lеport thе еxaсt words, usually wе just givе a gеnеral summary. Sandra spеaking to Pеtra: ,Bуe,Pеtrа, it,s bеeпgrеаt seeingyou аgаiп. I,II саll уou sometimе neхt weеk when I get a сhаt1се., Pеtra rеporting thе сonvеrsation to Robеrta:,I Sаw Sапdrа уesterdау.She sаid she,d саll mе пeхt week. Wе usually сhangе tеnsеs (will ) would in thе еxamplе abovе) and also othеr rеfеrеnсеs likе pеoplе, plaсеs and timеs (you ) me in thе еxamplе abovе). Statеmеnts arе usually rеportеd with a past tеnsе vеrb (likе sаid) and an optional thаt.Тhе form of thе vеrb that follows thеn .movеs baсk, in time. This is somеtimеs сallеd baсkshift. Prеsеnt simplе to past simplе ,I пeed some help', Shesаid (thаt)sheneededsomеhelp' ,Weаre hаviпg our lunсh., Shesаid thаtthеуwere hаviпg thеirluпсh' ,I,vеlost mу keуs., He sаid (thаt)hе hаd lost his kеys. ,Iwrote two leffersto hеr.' He sаid (thаDhe hаd written two lеttersto her. He sаid (thаt)hе wrote two lettersto her' ,Thеyаre going to сomebасk., Shеsаid (thаt)theуwerеgoiпg to сomebасk. ,Iwill be homeаt 6'00,, Shеsаid (thаDshеtllould bе homеаt 6.00. r Thеrе is no сhangе for must,might,сould,should,would. ,Imust leаvе strаightаwау forBrussеls., Hе sаid he must leаve strаightаwау forBrussels. But in thе сasеof mustWесan alsousе hаd to. He sаid he hаd to lеаve strаightаwау forBrussels. r Notе that if thе aсtual words wеrе in thе past simplе, thе rеport сan сhangе or staythе samе. r Notе that if wе writе down thе aсtual words that somеonе SaysWеuSе spеесhmarks (invеrtеdсommas).But if wе writе down a rеport of thе words thеrеarеno spеесhmarks. PrеSеntсontinuousto past сontinuous Prеsеntpеrfесtto past pеrfесt Pastsimplеto pastpеrfeсt (or staysthе samе) begoiпgto to wаSgoing to will to wоuld сап to сould tn
- 48. гal No tensесhanges Speakers in reportеdspeесh Peoplе, plaсеs, times Summarizing soу,tell,spеаk GRAпnмAR l1 RЕPoRтЕD sPЕEсH 1 r If thе rеport is about somеthing whiсh is alwаystruе, it is not nесеssaryto сhangе tеnsеs. ,I like аpplesmorethаn I like orаnges., Shesаid thаt shе likes аpplesmorethаn she likes orangеS. But in сasеslikе this it is still possiblеto сhangе tеnsеsif you Want to. r If thе rеport is abоut somеthing that has immеdiatе rеlеvanсе,wе usually do not сhangеtеnsеs. Jaсk spеakingto Tеd:,I,mgoiпg to theсinemаtoпфt' Do уou waпt to сome?, Tеd rеpoгtingthе сonvеrsationto Pеtеr:,|асkis oп thephoпe.He sаys he,s goiпg to theсinematonight., Whеn wе writе down thе aсtual woтds,thе spеakеrсan bе mеntionеd at thе bеginning or еnd of thе sеntеnсе.Notiсе thе position of thе сomma and thе final full stop in rеlation to thе spеесhmarks. |асk sаid, ,We,rеgoing to miss the trаiп., .Wе,re goiпgto miss thetrаiп,,sаid|аck' But in rеportеdspеесhthе spеakеris only mеntionеd at thе bеginning of thе sеntеnсе. |асk sаid (thаt)theуwerеgoing to miss thеtrаin. In rеportеdspеесhrеfеrеnсеsto pеoplе,plaсеsand timеs oftеn сhangе,bесausе thе point of viеw сhangеs. ,I,IIseeуou herc tomorrow,,sаid Sue. Suesаid (thаt)she wouldSeemе there the пeхt dау. ,I boughtthis bookуesterdау,, sаid Mаrtiп' Mаrtiп sаid (thаt)he hаd boughtthe bookthe dау before. Wе usually just summarizеwhat pеoplе saywhen wе make rеports. ,Look,аctuаIly, tell him I,Il givehim а саIlor emаil him nехtweеk,ОK?, Rеportеd as:. Shеsаid (thаt)she,dgеtin touсhпeхtwеek, If we rеport thе еxaсtwords it is сallеd vеrbatim rеporting. We sау somеthing and wе fel/somеbodу.Sау and teIIсaп bе fol]owеdby thе optiona| thаt. ,It,s-wаrm todаy,, shesаid. Shesаid (thаI it wаSwаrm. Shetold me (thаt)it wаs wаrm. Wе сan usе fo aftеr say,but wе nеvеr usе ro aftel tеll. ,I сomеfrom Sloveпiа, Shesоid to me (thаt)sheсomesfromSloveniа' Shetold me (thаt)sheсomesfтomSloveniа. Speаkdescribеsthе aсt of talking. Simonspoke to me iп thesupermаrket уesterdау. Шs f,s 43
- 49. lNтERMEDlAтЕ LANGUAGE PRA(тICЕ 2 ls Underlinetheerrorsin thesеsеntenсes. Rewritеeaсhsentеnсe. a) Sally told that shе,dlost hеr kеys. ....5в.l,[у,'l.ъid..thл.t...':h*:.d...Lp.l't..h*r.'kу.{. b) Сhris said mе that hе must lеavе еarly. с) Мaria and Тоny said thеy shall sееus tomorrow. d) Tom said,I,m сoming to your party. е) Suе said that shе had Wrotе a lеttеr to Lisa. f) Stеvе said us that hе was arriving at 8.00. g) .I had bought a nеWbikе Pam told us., h) ,What,sthе mattеr?Еllеn told. Rewrite eaсh sеntenсe in dirесt spеeсh, ending as shown. a) Anna told us that shе,d finishеd. тlla.|I ,...I.Y9,JIш.I!!9I...'......... .'.'',, ,,Annatoldus. b) Simonsaidthathе wouldbеbaсkat 6.00. 'Simon said. , said Bеth. d) Paul said that hе wantеd to makе a phonе сall. ' said Paul. е) Tina told thе tеaсhеrshе,dforgottеnhеr homеwork. ,Тina told thе tеaсhет. ' David said. 8) Jan told mе shе would lеt mе know. ,....'............. ,,Jan told mе. h) Bill said hе was going to bе latе. с) Bеth said shе was going to go shopping. f) David said hе had to bе baсk by З.З0. 44 'Bill said.
- 50. 3 GRAмlulAR l1 REPoRтED5PEEсt| l Matсh eaсh sеntenсein direсt speесh (a-e) with its summarizedversion in reported speeсh (1_5). a) ,Look,sorryaboutthis, but I,m afraidI,m going to bе a bit latе.,.'..3..... b) .AсtuallyI,vеno idеa at all whетеI am!' ........... с) .Thе thing is, I know it,s silly but I,vеmissеdthе bus., d) .Anyway,I,ll bе baсk in nеxt to no timе., е) ,I did ring, you knoщ еarliеrin thе еvеning., 1 Shе said shе would bе baсk soon. 2 Shе said shе had missеdthе bus. З Shе said shе was going to bе latе. 4 Shе said shе had alrеadyrung. 5 Shе said shе didn,t know whеrе shе was. Complete eaсh sentenсe,using soу tellor spеokin an appropriateform. . tl a) Daniеl ''.t!.t1.'.,.. mе that hе was playing in thе sсhoolbaskеtballtеam. b) I ................ to Hеlеn,and shе shеwould phonеyou. с) ,You,rеluсky,, Stеvе..I you that you would win!, d) A translator ................ thе Prеsidеnt what evеryonе Was................ . е) .Look,,I ................ hеr,.whydon,tyou mе what you mеan?, f) I ................ my tеaсher that I ................ Chinеsе,but shеdidn,tbеliеvеmе. Rewritеeaсhsentеnсein reportedspеесh,beginningas shown. a) .I won,t bе thеrе bесausеI,m having a pattу,,said Luсy. ...?!..PLw, b) .I,vеlost thе map and I don,t know thе way,,saidJaсk. Taсktold mе that hе .............. с) .Whеn I finish thе book, I,m going to watсh tеlеvision,,saidJеssiсa. Jеssiсa saidthatwhеn ......... d) .I,m doing somе homеwork but I won,t bе long,, said Мikе. Мikе said that hе е) .I got up latе and I missеd thе bus,, said Riсhard. 4 5 Riсhard said that hе 45
- 51. Reporting questions Reporting сommands and requests Explanations r Wесan rеpolt quеstions with vеrbs likе сsk, woпder aпd wапt to kпow. Тense сhangе rulеs arе thе samе as in Grammar 11. ,WTlere do уou live?, hе оskеd. He аsked mе whеreI lived, (NОТ lv,hеrеI did lil'е ,Do you live iп Аthеns?, he аskеd. Hе wаnted to know if I livеd iп Аthепs. (NoT ffaд"1 Look at morе еxamp|еs of ,Wh- quеstions, (using wheп, whаt, whу, how etс). Study thе tеnsе сhangеs and word ordеr сarеfully. Notiсе that thе word ordеr in a rеportеd quеstion is likе a norrnal statеmеnt, with thе subjесt beforе thе vеrb. ,Whеre is the bus stаtion?, shе аskеd, Shе сlskedwhere thе bus stсltioп wаs. (NoТ жiвя) ,Whаt are уou doiпg?, hе аsked. Hе wаntеd to know whаt I wоs doing. ,Whу did уou go thеre?,shе сlskеd. She woпderеdwhу I hаd goпe there. ,Whеre hаve уou сome from?, hе аskеd' Hе сlskеdmе whеreI hсld сome from. Look at morе ехamplеs of Уes,z}/o quеstions (Do уou, Did you, Аrе уou etс'). Whеn и'е Iеport YеsAio quеstions Wе usе if ot whethеr. ,Doеs tltеLoltdott trоitl stop l.Lеrе?, shе сlskеd. Sltе сlskесl lttе if tltе Lottdotttraiп Stoppеd hеre. ,Did уott spесlk to RосllеI?, hе сlskеd, Hе ll,сtlltесl tо kt-totу'whethеrI hаd spoken to RсlсhеI. ,Аrе уou сtsttLdеllt?,sJtеаskеd. Shе сtskеdtпе if I wсISа student. Commands arе rеpоrtеd with tell and thе infinitivе. ,Wаit! Wаit!, I told him to wаit. Rеquеstsarе rеportеd with сsk and thе infinitivе. ,Pleаsеwсtit!, I аsked hеr to wаit. 46
- 52. Other reporting vеrbs GRAмIuAR l2REPoRтED sPEЕсн 2 Grammar 11 usеd sаy as t}rerеporting vеrb, but thеrе arе many othегs.Hеrе arе somе of thе most сommon: аdvise .Iwouldп,tbuy thаt саr,|аnos,if I wereуou', I аdvised |апos not to buу thеcаr. agrеe ,oK, I1Igivеyou а lift,, sаid |eппу. |eпnyаgreed togive hеr а lift. ,Yes, |iП, I thiпk уou,rеright,,sаid Mike. Мike ауeed with |ill' аpologizefor ,I,mreаIIуsorryfor beingso lаte,,sаid Маriа. Mаriа оpologized for beinglаte. аsk ,Do уou think уou сould help mq Sue?, I аskеd Suеto help me. сoпуаtulаte on ,WеIIdoпe,Tiпа, you,vepаssеdtheeхаm!, I coпуаtulаted Tinа on pаssiпghereхаm. deсide ,I,IIhауetheftshSouP/ PleаSе,, sаidBII. Bill decided to hаve thefish soup. ,No,I didn,ttаkeit! I wаsn,teveпthere!, sаidАliсe. Аliсe denied tаkingit. ,Would уou like to comеto theсinemаon Sаturdаy,Pаm?, I inуited Pаm to theciпemаon Sаturdау. offer ,ShаII I саrryуourсаse,Dawп?,sаidPeter. Peteroffered to саrryDаwn,Sсаse. ). dет ]hе tu) dеnу iпуite promise refuse remind suggest Vеrb + fo infinitivе: Vеrb +obiесt + to infinitivе: Vеrb +-ing forr.n: Vеrb +prеposition + -iпg fotm:. .I,II definitelybehomebу еight,,sаid Aпn. Aпп promised to behomеbу еight. ,No,I woп,topenthedoor!,sаid Саrol. Саrol refused to opeпthedoor. ,Doп,t forgetto sепdуour mothеrа birthdауcаrd,foe., I remiпded |oeto seпdhis motherа birthdаycоrd' ,How аboutspendiпgthedау аt thebeасh?,sаid Саrlos' Саrlos suggestedspendiпgthedаy аt thebeасh. Rеportingvеrbs сan havе onе or morе diffеrеnt pattеrns.A good diсtionary shows this information. Study thе еxamplе sеntеnсеsin thе prеvious sесtion in rеlation to the pattеrnsbеlow. аgree,decide,offer,promise,rфse аdvisе,аsk, iпvite,rеmind deпy,suggest аpologizеfor, сongrаtulаteoп
- 53. INтERMEDlAтE LANGUAGE PRAстlсЕ Putonesuitable wordineaсhspaсe. a) Fionaaskеd mе ,.'w,he.,tkr...I ...'w.4{...'....... goingto sсhool or not. b) David askеdhis mothеr .. shе ......... bе сoming homе. с) Pеtеraskеdus ..Wе.......... еvеrbееn to Hungary. d) Сostasaskеdmе ..I ..................... many photographs. е) Мaria askеda poliсеman ..thе musеumWas. f) Dora askеdhеr sistеr......... shе ..................... fеdthеirdog. 2 Completeeaсhquestionin direсtspеeсh,еndingas shown. a) Jaсk askеdmе whеthеr I was having lunсh or going out. '...Аr.e.у'Q.ol hдuъуaL!,Lwah,'!r.g!.ku.vL1.цt'.. ?,Jaсk askеd mе. b) Сarol askеdAnn what shе had donе thе day bеforе. Ann?, askеdСаrol. с) John askеd us if wе oftеn wеnt sailing. ?,John askеdus. d) Сhristinе askеd mе how many Gеrman books I had rеad. ?, Сhristinе askеdmе. е) Kеvin askеdSuеif shе was going to сhangе sсhools. f) Aliсе askеd mе who I Sat nеxt to in сlass. Suе?,askеdKеvin. ?,Aliсе askedmе. 3 Rewriteeaсhsentenсein reportedspeесh,beginningas shown.Do not сhange the mеaning. a) ,Arе you staying hеre all summеr?,thе littlе girl askеdmе. Тhеlittlеgirlaskеd -" pf/.w'hp.thp.r.I..Nrl't..ttqfll...thp.rp..qI[!..lшууу.ууу b) .What doеs ,proсrastinatе,mеan?,I askеdmy tеaсhеr. I askеdmy tеaсhеr ,Havеyou donе your homеwork, or not?, my mothеr askеdmе. Мy mothег askеdmе ,Whеn is your birthday?,I askеdSuе. I askеdSuе ............ .Did you rеmеmbеrto loсk thе door,,my father askеdmе. Мy fathеr askеdmе ,Why havе you turned off thе tеlеvision?,Еllеn askеdmе. Еllеnaskеdmе ............ с) d) е) fl 48
- 54. 4 GRAпnпiAR l2 RЕPoRтЕDsPEEсH 2 Use a verb from thе box to rewrite eaсh sentеnсеin as shown.Do not сhangеthe mеaning. reported speесh,beginning ,I,ll dеfinitеly bе at your housе bеforе 8.00,Suе,,said Мikе. |vIike .'РГ0.|!*k pd. .s""'hn,.' у.l pшLd., .b' r,.'аt'.h,er.' 14о Дse..b .Would you likе to сomе to thе сinema, Jean?,askеdChris. Сhris ......... ,I wouldn,t eat too muсh if I wеrеyou, Davе,,said Patsy. Patsy ......... ,How about going for a walk?, said Niсk. Niсk .......... ,I,m tеrribly sorry for brеaking thе window,, said Carol. Carol ......... ,Shall I do thе washing.up?,said Bill. BiП ............ ,Wеll donе, you,vе passеdyour driving tеst,,said Tina,smothеr. Tina,smothеr hеr ............ .No, I won,t opеn my mouth!, said Pat. Pat a) b) с) d) е) 8) h) 49
- 55. Сonditions and rе5ults Zero сonditional: /f+prеsent simplе, ...present simpIе Firstсonditional:/f + presеnt simple, ... will/won't Explanations r Sеntеnсеs with f arе сallеd сonditionals. Thе ff... сlausе is thе сondition and thе othеr part of thе sеntеnсе is thе rеsult. Hеrе arе four еxamplеs of сonditionals, usеd for talking about сhесking in at thе airport for a flight: 1' If уou аrrive еаrlу, уou get а bеttеr sеоt. 2 If уou аrrive еаrlу, уou,Il get а betterseаt. З If уou аrrivеd еоrly,уou,d get а bеttеrsеаt' 4 If уou hсld аrrived eаrly,you,d hоve got а bettеrsеаt. r Sеntеnсе 1 is talking gеnеrally about somеthing that is always truе. It is sоmеtimеs сallеd a Ze|o сonditional. Sеntеnсе 2 is talking about somеthing that is likеly to happеn in thе futurе. It is somеtimеs сallеd thе first сonditional. Sеntеnсе 3 is talking about somеthing that is unlikеly to happеn in thе futurе, or an imaginary situation. It is somеtimеs сallеd thе sесond сonditional. Sеntеnсе 4 is talking about somеthing that is imaginary in thе past. It is somеtimеs сallеd thе third сonditional. l Zero, first and sесond сondltionals arе сovеrеd in this unit. Thе third сonditional is сovеrеd in Grammar 1,1. r This typе of sеntеnсе dеsсribеs things that aIе always or gеnеrally truе. Wе сan usе wheп or if to introduсе thе Sеntеnсе. It,s о tropiсаIсountrу, опd sо if it rаiпs hаrd, everуoпеstауs iпdoors. Wheп it rаins hаrd, еvеrуoпеStауS itldооrs. l Thеrе сan bе an impеrativе Struсtulе in thе rеsult сlausе: just thе barе infinitivе with no subjесt. An irтrpеrativеis whеn wе tеll pеoplе what to do. Ifуou feel dizzу, stop tсlkiпgthе tаblеts' If уou сhаnge уour miпd, give mе а riпg. r This typе of sеntеnсе dеsсribеs futurе еvеnts that Will happеn, or arе likеly to happеn. It is a rеal possibility in thе spеakеr,smind, not imaginary (for imaginary situations Seеthе sесond сonditional). If wе wаlk so slowlу, wе,ll bе Iаtе. If wе run, wе-won,t be lаte' If wе doп,t run' we will be lаtе. 50
- 56. Sесond сonditionaI: lf+ past simple,... would/wouldn't unlеss Other usesof would GRAпnплAR .l 3 сoNDlтloNALs 1 Еxamplе:You arе at thе supermarketwith a friеnd. Your friеnd has put somе еggsin abag, and is piсking up lots of othеr bagsat thе samеtimе. Yоu say: If you cаtry toomапy bаgs,you,Il drop theeggs. If you drop theeggs,they,Ilbreаk. If theeggsbreаk, therеwiII be ап аwful meSSon thefloor! If you шe саreful,уou woп,t breаk them. In the сondition сlausеit is pоssiblеto usе othеr prеsеnttеnsеs,not just thе plеsеnt simplе. If уou,re driving, I,Il сomewith уou' (prеsеntсontinuous) If I,ve seeп thefilm before,I,ll let уou kпow! (prеsеntpеrfесt) This typе of sеntеnсеdеsсribеsfuturе еvеntsthat aтеimaginary,unlikеly or impossib1е. If I hаd а heliсopter, kr fIу to sсhоol. If I flew to sсhool,I wouldn,t be lаte. Еxamplе:You starttalking to a friеnd about aliеns.You say: If some аIieпs lапded on eаrth,I,d mаke fтiends with thеm. If they didn,t speаk English, I,d use sigп lапguаge. If theу took me bасk to theirplаnet, I,d leоtn their lапguаge. If аnуoпe believedmy Story, I,d beсomefаmous! Notе that wouldis usually сontraсtеdin spеесh. I,d become fаmous. (=I would beсome fаmous.) Notе that the past simplе is usеd in thе сondition сlausе,but thе timе rеfеrеnсеis thе futurе. r Thе rеgularpast simplе of to beis I wаs andHe/Shewаs.Wе сan usе thеsе forms in sесond сonditionals, or altеrnativelywe сan usе If I wereand If he/shewere'Тhe wereform is morе formal. If I wаs/were ап аstronаut,I,d еnioуbeiпgweightless! Uпlessmеans If пot' Сomparе thеsеsеntеnсеswhiсh havе thе samеmеaning. We,lIgo outfor а wаlk if it doesп,trаin. We,lIgo outfor а wаlk unless it rаiпs' We usе wouldin othеr situationswhiсh do not involvе сonditional sеntenсеS. Rеportingwhat somеonе said: Politе offеr: Politе rеquеst: Somеonеrеfusеdto do somеthing: He sаid hеwould cаII bаck lаter, Would уou like somemorеteа? Would you opеn thewindow,plеаse? Themiпisterutouldп,t апSwer thequеstion. 51
- 57. lNтERrиEDlAтE tANGUAGЕ PRAстlсE lfi UnderIine thесorreсtword or phrasein eaсhsеntenсe. a) If we,dbе/wеlrе latе for сlass,our tеaсhеrwill be/wаsangry. b) If wе wouldlive/livedon anothеr planеt, we,llsee/we,d seetheЕarth in thе sky. с) If wе tсlkе/willtаkea taxi, we аrrivеd/wе,llаrrivesoonеr. d) If wе woп,thurry/doп,t hurry,we,Ilbe/we,d bе|atе. е) If wе were/аre birds, wе would bе аble to/аreаble to f|у' 0 If you doп,tweаr/wouldn,t wеаrУo1Jtpullovец уou,ll feel/youfelt сo|d' g) If I studied/willstudуharder,I get/wouldgetbettermarks' h) If I hаve/hаda motorbikе, I rode/I'd rideit to sсhool. i) If you will leпdlеnd me уollт bike, I,ll let/Iletyou borrow my skatеboard. j) If I hаd/hсlve lots of monеy/I gаve/I,d givesomе to all my friends. Comp|etеthе sеntenсеfor еaсhsituationusingthe verbsgiven. a) You,rеstanding vеry сlosе to thе еdgеof a swimming-pool. You,rеwеaring all your сlothеs,not a swimming сostumе.A friеnd says: J2 tt ! 'tl If you (fаllin) .'I.?!!!...L.k'.... , }oЦГсlothеstgеtl.'..YY.lll. 39.I...учet! b) You,rеsitting in thе сlassroomon a hot dаy.You,rеday-drеamingabout going to thе bеaсh.You think: If today(bе)............,....,'.. a holiday,I (go).....'... to thе beaсh. с) You сan,t answеra quеstion in your Еnglish book. You ask a friеnd to hеlp, but shе doеsn,tknow thе answеr.Shе says: lf I (know) ..thе answет, I (tеll) ..you. d) You,rеwalking towardsthе bus stop with a friеnd. Suddеnly thе bus arrivеs. Thе bus stop is far awaу,but you think thеrе is a сhanсе of сatсhing thе bus. You say: If wе (run) .., W€ (сatсh) ....................' it! е) You,rеplanning to go to thе bеaсh tomolrow with somе friеnds.You arе not surеabout thе wеathеr,bесausеit somеtimеsrains at this timе of thе yеar. You arrangеto mееt tomoтrow aftеrnoon and say: If it (rain) .. , W€ (go)........... to thе сinеma instеad. f) You,rеvеry busy,bесausеyou havе lots of sсhool work, and you also play in two tеams.A friеnd asksyou to ioin a сomputеr сlub. You say: If I (havе) .. molе frееtimе, I (join) .. thе сlub. But it,simpossiblеat thе momеnt bесauseI,m too busy! 52
- 58. GRAinмAR 13 сoND!т|oNAts1 3 Complete eaсh sеntеnсeusing if, unlеss or would. If hе askеdmе to hеlp him, I .. I|9l4,[d....... . Wе,ll havе lunсh outside in thе gатdеn, .. it,s too сold. John .......... win moтеraсеsif hе trainеdhardеr. Come on! ..................... Wеhurry,wе,llmissthе planе! .. you likе to sееmy stamp сolleсtion? Thе managеrwon't bе long. ..you takе a sеat,pleasе. I,m surеthat Conniе .. go to thе сinеma with you, if you askеd hеr. h) .....................you fееllikе a сhat,phonеmе tonight. i) What .. you do if you saw a snakе? i) I don,t fееl happy .. I swim еvеry day. Complеtеeaсhsentеnсе(a_|) with an ending (1-10). a) If you play the musiс too loud, '...t,,,.' b) If thе North Polе mеltеd с) If wе don,t havе еnough iсe-сleam, d) If I found somеonе,s wallеt, е) If a burglaтbrokе into this housе, f) If my trainisn,tlatе,........... g) If you wеrеfamous,........... h) If my father lеnds mе thе monеy, i) If you took morе еxеrсisе, i) If you tеll mе what you want, ........... a) b) с) d) е) 0 s) 4 1 thе alarm would go off. 2 |'||bttуa nеw bikе. 3 I,ll bе in Parisat 6.00. 4 уotl wouldn,t sееmе any morе! 5 you would fееl bеttеr. 6 thе watеrwould flood many сitiеs. 7 l,||buу it for you. 8 you,ll wakе up thе neighbours. 9 wе,ll gеt somе morе. 10 I,d takе it to thе poliсе station. 53
- 59. lNтERrиEDlAтE tANGUAGE PRAстlсЕ b) с) Completeeaсhsеntеnсeasеithera firstсonditionalor a seсondсonditionaI sеntеnсeusingthe verb in braсkets. a) If I 1havе)...l"fud....'. armsfivе mеtrеslong, I (bеablе)..'!d..he..4b.[9.''..,.. to rеaсh thе top of that shеlf! Don,t worry,you,vеjust got a сold. If you (takе)................ an aspirin,you (fееl).......... ..bеttеr. Vеgеtarians bеliеvеthat if nobody (еat)................ mеat,еvеryonе(livе) longеr. If I (bесomе) ................ a famousroсk star,I (buy) ...'........ my parеntsan еnormoushousе. It says.No Parking,.If you (lеavе) thе сar hеrе,thе poliсе (givе)......... ...you a parkingfinе. 0 lt,s not far.If you (follow) this path, you (сomе) to thе station. g) If pеoplе(usе)................ bikеsinstеadof сars,thеrе(notbе)............. so muсh pollution. h) Aсtually, Brutus is a vеry friеndly dog. If you (touсh) him, hе (notbitе) ............ you. i) If you (lеavе) your books on thе dеsk,I (givе).'....... thеm baсk to you at thе еnd of thе lеsson. i) If you (own)................ a pеttigеr,yоuтfriеnds(notvisit).......... you! е) 54
- 60. .. to )u Еxp!anations r Thistypе of sеntеnсеdеsсribеsa past еvеnt that is diffеrеnt to what rеally happеnеd. If уou hаd аrrived eаrliеr,we wouldп,t hаve missed the trаin. If уou hаdn,t wаrпed mеаboutthesuп,I would hаve got sunburпt. l Еxamplе:You wеnt for a long walk, but you did not takе your umbrеlla. It rainеd, and you got Wеt. If I hаd tаkеn mу umbrellа,I wouldn,t hаve got wet' If I,d heаrd thewеаtherforeсаst, I wouldn,t hаve gone out. If I hаdn,t got|eout,I-would hаve finished my homеwork' r Thе еxamplеsin Grammar 13 and this unit havе all lsed will/won,tot would/wouldп,t in the rеsult сlausе.But wе сan usе any othеr modal vеrb, likе сап,сould,mау,might,mustапd should' If уou everсomе toIstаnbul,I саn showуou аrouпdthесity. If уou еverсome toIstапbul,уou must phonеmе. r Wе oftеn usе might and сouldin сonditional sеntеnсеswhеn wе Want to say that wе arеnot сеrtain about thе rеsults.Comparе: If уou саrry toomaпy bаgs,уouwiII drop thееggs. (сеrtainrеsult) If уou саrry toomапy bаgs,уou might drop theeggs' (unсеrtain rеsult) If апуoпebelievedmу Story, I would beсomefаmous! (сertainrеsult) If аnyonebelievedmу Story, I сould beсomefаmous! (unсеrtainrеsult) In third сonditional sеntеnсеsWeusе сouldhауe(done) ot mighthоve(donе). If I hаd brought somеmoremoneywith me,I сould hаve tаkeп а tахi. In еvеrydayspеесhWесan lse imаginеor supposing in plaсе of if Imаgine уou Sс|wа Snаke,whаt wouldуou do? Supposiпgуou owned а heliсopter, whаt wouldуou useit for? Wе сan givе adviсе by using a sесond сonditional sеntеnсеbеginning If I were уou. If I were you, I,d spendmorеtime oп уour writteпwork' If I were уou, I wouldп,teаtso muсhсhoсolаte! It is also possiblеto put thе ifiсlausеat thе еnd. I,d be moreсаreful,if I were уou. € re F-_ Тhirdсonditional: /f+pastperfeсt,... would/wouldn't+ hovе+ past partiсiple Modal verbs in сonditional sеntenсes СonditionaIs without if lf l werеYou, ... 55
- 61. lNтЕRlvlЕDlAтЕ tANGUAGE PRAстlсE Rewriteeaсhсomment,beginningasshown.Do not сhangethe meaning. a) Supposingyou had wings, what would you do? What .....p.ц!.d''.уp,*.d.р''.'l..у.q.*''had..уl.|шl'... ....................... ? b) Why don,t you lеavе now? That,s what I,d do. If с) Imaginеyou livеd on Mars. Нow would you fееl? How.......... d) I think you should buy a bikе. That,swhat I,d do. If Imaginеyou WеIеriсh. What would you do? What......... SupposingJim сamе with us, what would you say? What......... g) Why don,t you takе thе bus. That,swhat I,d do. If h) Imaginеyou ownеd a robot. What would you do? What ......... ........ ? 2 Underlinethe сorrесtword or phrasein eaсhsentenсe. a) If you phoпedkщЦhpng|mе yеstеrdaу,Ihаdgivеп/would Ltаvезweп you thе nеWs. b) If you took/t.llould hаve tаkепmorе еxеrсisе,you mфt feel/hаdfeltbetter, с) If Tim drove/hаddrivenmorе сarеfully, hе wouldп,thаveсrаshed/didп,t сrаsh. d) If you hаd сome/cаme to Sееthе film, уou hаd eпioуed/would hаveenioуedit. e) |f I,d known/Iwouldknowit Wasyour birthday, I wouldsепd/would hаvеseпt you a сard. f) If pеoplе hаd helped/helpеd onе anothеr morе oftеn, thе world mфt be/wаsa bеttеrplaсе. g) If our tеam hаd sсorеd/sсored morе goals, we hаd woп/сouldhаvеtцoп. h) If you would hауеworп/worea coat, уotl wouldп,tget/didп,tget wet. е) 56
- 62. GRA1tлlvlAR 14 сoNDlтloNALs2 Complеte the sеntenсefor eaсh situation. Сharlottе didn,t lеavе еarly,and so shе missеd thе bus. IfСharlottе .............fud.'!ef.t.'qr|у. .,shе .....'..W.p.*!d.wt..hдуp..шll,:Ч!''....'...''. thе bus. I didn,t buy morе milk, so I didn,t have еnough for brеakfast. If I ............. .......... . I '...еnoughfor brеakfast. Wе forgot to takе a map' so Wеgot lost in thе mountains. If wе .......... ............. . Wе ....in thе mountains. I didn,t go to bed еarly,so I didn,t wakе up at 7.00. If I ............. еarlv.I ....at 7.Оo. Мikе didn,t makе a shopping list, and hе forgot to buy somе сoffее. If Mikе ..... hе ....somесoffее. I didn't rеalizеyou Wеrеtirеd whеn I askеdyou to go for a walk. If I ............. .......... . I ....for a walk. Thе Romans didn,t sail aсrossthе Atlantiс. so thеv didn,t rеaсh Amеriсa. If thе Romans.............' ......... . thеv ....Ameriсa. I didn,t turn lеft at the station, and I lost my Way. If I ............. .......... , I mv wav. b) с) d) е) h)
- 63. Wishеs about thе prеsеnt Wishеsabout the past hope lf onlу Explanations r For wishеs about thе prеsеnt Wе usе I wish + thе past simplе. Notе thе rеlationship with thе sесond сonditional. I wish I owned о hеIiсoptеr'If I owпed а hеIiсoptеr, I would be hоppу. I wish I didп,t hаvе to go to sсhool! If I didп,t go to sсhool, I would bе hаppу. l сould Wе usе I wish I сould to rеfеr to somеthing that is diffiсult or impossiblе. Тhis сan rеfеr to thе prеsеnt or futurе. I wish I сould fly! I wish I сould stаy аt home tomorrow. r As in thе sесond сonditional, thе past simplе form doеs not rеfеr to past timе. For wishеs about thе past wе ttsеI wish + thе past pеrfесt. Notе thе rеlationship with thе third сonditional. I tцlishI hаd lived iп the еightеепthсепturу!If I hаd livеd iп thе еightеeпth Сепtury,I would hауе bееп hсlppу. I wish I hаdn,t еaten So muсh! I feеl аwftll! If I hаdп,t еаteп So muсh, it would hсlуеbeеп bettеrfor mе! If thе wish is a good onе/ Wе use I hopе,Тhis is not followеdtry a сonditional form - it is simply followеd by thе prеsеnt simplе or will. I hopе уott hаvе сtgood timе аt tllе pаrф. I hopе tltе wеоthеr will bе |iпe tomorrow. Wе сan rеplaсе I ryls/z with If oпlу for еmphasis. Wе strеssoпly iп spеесh. If oпlу I owпed а hеIiсoptеr, If oпlу I hсldп,t еаteп so muсh! ,l 58
- 64. GRAпnмAR l5 WlsHЕs Underlinetheсorreсtword or phrasein eaсhsеntenсe. a) I,m sunburnt. I wish I hаdn,tsuпbаthed/didп,t suпbаthefor so long. b) I don,t fееl wеll. I wish 1сouldstаy/stауеd at homе tomolrow. с) I,m not a good swimmеr,but I wish | сouldswim/wouldswim we||. d) I wish I hаd/hауea puppy or a kittеn! е) I wish | сouldsee/sаw you tomoшoщ but it,s impossiblе. f) I wish Jim didп,tsit/doesп,t sit nеxt to mе. Hе,sso annoying! g) If only wе hqd/wouldhаvesomе monеy wе сould takе thе bus. h) I hopе уo:ueпioуed/enjoy уoшsе|vеs at thе danсе tomorrow. D I wish I сап/сouldspеakЕnglish bеttеr! i) I hopе I,п/I,dwin thе lottеryl 2 Undеrlinethе сorreсtсontinuationfor eaсhsentenсe. a) I,vеgot lots of work to do, and I'm tirеd, but I сan,t stop. 1 I wish I had takеn a rеst. 2 I wish I сould takе a rеst. b) I wasn,tpaying attеntion in сlass,and now I сan,t do my homеwork. 1 I wish I listеnеd to my tеaсhет. 2 I wish I,d listеnеd to my tеaсhеr. с) Saтahpaintеd hеr room grееn,but shе doеsn,tlikе it. 1 Shе wishеs shе,dpaintеd it bluе. 2 Shе wishеs shе paintеd it bluе. d) This is a vеry pttzzl,ingproblеm! 1 I wish I,d known thе answеr. 2 I wish I knеw thе answеr. е) It,srеally сold and misеrablеhеrе in thе wintеr. 1 I wish wе livеd in a warm plaсе. 2 I hоpе wе livе in a warm plaсе. 0 I сan,t rеpair my bikе bесausеI havеn,t got any tools. 1 If only I would have a sсrеwdrivеr. 2 |f only I had a sсrеwdrivеr. g) I,m worriеd about my baskеtballtеam. Pеrhapsthеy won,t win! 1 I wish thеy play wеll. 2 I hopе thеy play wеll. h) You prоmisеd not to tеll anyonе my sесIеtsbut you didl 1 I wish I hadn,t tоld you. 2 I wish I didn,t tеll you. i) I,vеbееn fееling ill all wеek. 1 I hopе I fееl bеtter soon. 2 I hopе I,d fееl bеttеr soon. i) I want to sееmy sistеr.I havеn,t sееnhет for agеs. 1 I wish I сould spеakto hеr. 2 I wish I spokе to hеr. . -*$ --1.:t :i' |pу. ip 59
- 65. lNтERпnEDlAтЕ tANGUAGE PRAстIсE 3Complete eaсh sentenсewith a suitablеform of the verb in braсkets. I,m soakеdto thе skin! If only I фring) ...h4d... This pullover Wasсhеap. I wish I Фuy) two of them! I likе your sсhool.I wish I (go)......... ....... thеrеtoo. I must gеtin touсh with Sue.If only I (know) ................ hеr phonе numbеr! е) Тhis bus is rеally slow! I wish wе (takе) thе train. 0 I,m disappointedin this сamеra.I wish I (not buy) ................ it. g) I answеrеdthrееquestionswеll. If only I (finish) ................ thе wholе tеst! h) I сan,t undеrstandМariеI I wish I (spеak) Frеnсh. 4 Complete eaсh sentenсein a suitableway. a) I,mhungтy.If only ....I..hдq(...4..t!!!1dуl1{.l*... with mе. b) Еnjoy your holiday. I hopе ....timе. с) This is a lovеly plaсе. I wish we ....bеforе. d) It,sa pity you livе so far away.If only you ............ nеarеr. е) Еllеn is a fantastiсdanсer.I wish I ................ ....... aswеll asher! 5 Rita isn't very happy at the moment. Complete her words. a) Rita wastеda lot of monеy on DVDs. .I wish | ...h!!di..t...w.!!{t.d........... so muсh money on еxpеnsivеDVDs!, b) Rita thinks nеw jobs are diffiсult to find. ,I wish nеw jobs ....sо diffiсult to find., с) Rita thinks nеw jobs arе diffiсult to find. ,I wish nеw jobs ....еasierto find., d) Rita сan,t go on holiday this summеr. 'I wish I ................ ....... on holiday.' e) Rita doеsn,thavе vеry good qualifiсations. ,Iwish I ................ ....... bеttеrqualifiсations., Г) Rita has to do thе washing up. Shе hatеsdoing it. 'I wish I ................ ....... do the washingup.' g) Rita is sorry hеr family movеd to thе suburbs. ,Iwish Wе............. to thе suburbs., h) Rita thinks shе is vеry untidy. 'I wish I ................ ....... so untidy.' a) b) с) d) 60
- 66. it. е Passive:form Passive:use Using by andwith r Prеsеntpеrfесt r Past simplе t will ЕxpIanations r Тo makе thе passivе Wе usе be and a past partiсiplе. Сomparе thе aсtivе and passivе forms in thеsе еxamplеs: Presеntsimplе Thе Govеrnmeпt builds hundreds of houseseveryyеаr. Hundredsofhousesаre built everyуеаr, Prеsеntсontinuous Theаuthorities аte questioпiпg tуvomen. T-wo men аre being questioned by theаuthorities. We hаve chosen Helen аs the newpresideпt. Heleп hаs been сhosen аs theпewpresident, Thepoliсe аrrested oпeprotеster' Опeprotesterwаs аrtested' Theуwill plау themаtсh oп Wеdnesdауevening. Thе mаtсh wiII be plауed on Wednesdауeveпing. еr. r! r Notiсе how the objесt in thе aсtivе fotm (huпdreds of houses, twomеп,Helen) movеs to thе front in thе passivеSеntеnсеand bесomеsthе subjесt. r Foсus on important information Comparе: (aсtivе) The Government built hundreds of houseslаstуeаr. (passivе) Hundreds of houseswerebuilt bу theGoуerпmeпt lаstyeаr. In thе aсtivе sеntеnсеmorе еmphasisis givеn to who did thе aсtion _ thе Govеrnmеnt. In thе passivеsеntеnсеmorе еmphasisis givеn to thе thing affесtеdby thе aсtion _ thе numbеr of housеs. Еmphasizеdinformation usually сomеs at the bеginning of thе sеntеnсе. r Spokеn and writtеn Тhе passivеis usеd morе in writing and formal spеесh. r Thе pеrson or organization that dоеs the aсtion is сallеd ,thе agеnt,.If wе Wantto say who doеs thе aсtion thеn wе use by. Hundredsof houseswerеbuilt lаstyеаr. Huпdredsof houseswerebuilt bу the Governmeпt lаst уeаr. А Iotof stoпеS werethrown. А lot of stonеSwerеthrowпbу апgry footbаll fапs. r Thе thing that is usеd to pеrform an aсtion is сallеd ,thе instrumеnt'. If wе Want to inсludе this wе tlsеwith. The wiпdowswеrebrokeпwith а bаsebаll bаt. 6T
- 67. lNтЕR]vlEDlAтЕ LANGUAGЕ PRACтlсЕ Sеntеnсеswithout anagent Transitiveand intransitive verbs It is not alwaysnесеssaryto mеntion thе agеnt.Thеre arе sеvеralrеasonsfor this: r Agent not known: Brепdа,smotorbikewаs stolen lаst night. If wе knеw whо had stolеn it, wе would mеntion thе name of thе pеrson. But wе don,t know and the agеnt is not mеntionеd. r Agеnt obvious: Опeprotestеrwаs аrrested' It is not nесеssaryto add thе words .by thе poliсе,,bесausеwе know that it is alwaysthе poliсе who do this. Howevеr,it is possiblеto add thеsеwords if WеWant to. r Agent unimportant: A lot of Eпglishgrammаrbooksаre sold everyуeаr. Еxaсtly who sеllsthе books is not important. If it was important we сould lse bу and thе namеs of thе pеoplе oт shopswho sеll the books. l Verbswhiсh have objесtsareсallеd transitivе vеrbs (еxamplle: help),In this sеntеnсе,,thе old lady, is thе objесt. A youngmаn helped the old lаdу аcrosstheroаd' r Verbswhiсh do not havе obiесts arе сallеd intransitivе vеrbs (еxamplе: walk). Diапе wоIks to сoIIеgе' r Diсtionariеs show this information with T or I. only transitivе vеrbs сan be madе passive. The old lаdy wаs helpеdаcrosstheroаdbу а youngmап. 62
- 68. 2 GRAi,|}tAR 16 PAssIvЕ1 Under|inеphrasеswhiсh are not neсеssary in thesesentеnсes. Sometimesеvеry phraseis neсеssary. а) МУ wallеthas bееn stolеnby somеonе. b) Wе wеrе taught by a diffеrеnt tеaсhеryеstеrday. с) Niсk Wasopеratеdon at thе hospitаl by a doсtor. d) Thе meal was sеrvеdby a waitеr in a rеd сoat. е) Wе wеrе shown round thе musеum by a guidе. f) Two lеttеrswеrе dеlivеredthis morning by thе postman. g) Thrее mеn havе bееn arrеstеdby thе poliсe. h) Yеstеrdaya window was brokеn by somеonе. CompIetеeaсh sentenсеwith a passivevеrb. a) Thе poliсе quеstionеd Gеorgе. Gеorgе,,. у'/ 1.,|.. fl?LhttJ..q nrn..'...... bythеpoliсе. b) Мillions of pеoplе watсh this programmе. This programmе......... by millions of pеoplе. с) Thеy will finish our nеW housе at thе еnd of thе month. Our nеw housе ....at thе еnd of thе month. d) Thеy,vе еlесtеda nеWpтеsidеnt. A nеw prеsidеnt е) They,rетеbuilding thе damagеdstadium. Thе damagеdstadium f) Thеy,vе сlosеd thе mountain road. Thе mountain road g) Studentswritе most of this magazinе. Most of this magazinе.............. ......... by studеnts. h) A burglaтstolе my laptop. Мy laptop ..'.bУ a burglar. i) Somеbodywill mееt you at thе bus station. You ............ at thе bus station j) Unitеd won the сup last yеar. Lastyеarthе сup ....by Unitеd. 63
- 69. lЖ il r ш ш tfl ti tt lt Ш [fl II l{ I L lNтER1YlEDlAтЕ LANGUAGE PRAстlсE 3Undеrlinethe еrrors in thеse sentenсes.Rewriteeaсh sentenсе. a) Мany pеt dogs are losing еvery yеaI. МaуLv pet daqs аre Last overY YеДr. b) Thе injurеd man Wasbееn taken to hospital. с) A nеw bridgе is be built aсtossthе тivеr. d) All thе food at thе party Wasatе. е) Nothing will bеing dесided bеforе nеxt Saturday. f) Thе matсh is playing on Friday еvеning. g) Тhе robberunloсkеd thе door by a falsеkеy. h) This book was writing by Sam,sfathеr. For everyquestion,сomplete the seсond sentenсeso that it meansthe same as the first, using no more than thrее words. a) Arсhaеologistshavе disсovеrеda nеW tomb in Еgypt. A nеw toгrrb..h!!!.'.b pp*'.dll paY.e.rЙ....by arсhaеologistsin Еgypt. b) Thе Prеsidеntwill opеn thе nеw sportsstadium on Saturday. Тhе nеw sportsstadium .......by the Prеsidеnton Saturday. с) Piсassopaintеd this portrait. This portrait................ Piсasso. d) Thеy will announсе thе rеsultsof thе сompеtition tomorrow. Тhе rеsultsof thе сompetition .......tomorrow. е) Тhеy,rеrеdесoratingour sсhool during the summer holidays. our sсhool ....... during thе summеrholidays. Г) Thе poliсе in New York havе arrеstеdthrее terrorists. Thrееterrorists............ in Nеw Yoтk. g) our сompany sеllsmorе than 1,000сars еvеrywеek. Мorе than 1,000сaтs ....... our сompany еvеryweеk. h) Тhеy,rеbuilding a nеW musеum in thе сity сentrе. A nеw museum ....... in the сity сеntrе. 4 64
- 70. 5 GRAMil4AR 16 PAs5|vЕ Rеwritееaсh sentеnсe with a passivе vеrb, and so that thе namеs of pеop|е not mentioned. a) Тhе authoritiеs havе сlosеd thе сasino. ,..Ik.' р.q,'.у.w..'hц.. h,*ru. р|р lэ .... b) Тhе сlubs havе postponеd thе matсh. с) Pеoplе all ovеr thе world spеаk Еnglish. d) Тhе authoritiеs havе opеnеd thе nеw swimming pool. е) Somеonе lеft this pursе in thе сlassroom yеstеrday f) Thе сity сounсil has bannеd traffiс from thе сity сеntrе. g) Pеоplе havе еlесtеd a nеW govеrrrmеnt. h) Somеonе brokе into thе flat last wееk. 65
- 71. Vеrbs with two objесts tobе born hаvе something donе Passivе+ infinitive Еxplanations r Somе vеrbs сan havе two objесts. Wе сan: givе, Iеnd,offеr,promisе, sell, seпd, tаkе somеthing to somebody buу, kееp,mаke, prepоre' Sаve Solnеthing for sоmеbody. r In aсtivе SеntеnсеsWе сan usе thеsе vеrbs in two ways: Petergаve Kаren а prеseпt. Pеtergаve а prеSeпt to Kаreп. Еaсh way сan bе madе passivе: Kаren wоs giveп а present bу Petеr. A present wаs givеп to Kаrеn bу Petеr. l Тhе form without to/foris morе usual, in both aсtivе and passivе sеntеnсеs. To bе borп is a passivе form but doеs not havе an obvious passivе mеaning. I wаs born in Uruguау. r Whеn a profеssional pеrson, е.g. a mесhaniс, a plumbеr еtс. doеs somе work for us, Wе сan usе hауе somеthiпg dопe,Hауе сan bе usеd in any tеnsе. Wе hсld our house pаiпted lаst уеаr' I,m hаviпg mу саr serviсed tomorrow. I,уе hсld mу room dесorаted. r Wе also usе this for unplеasant happеnings. Shе hсld her house brokeп iпto. Tim hоd his оrm brokeп plаying rugbу. r Thе уеrbs beliеvе,ехpесt,kпow, repoTt,sау, thiпk, Supposе|uпderstапd arе oftеn usеd in thе prеsеnt simplе passivе followеd by an infinitivе (fo do/to bе doiпg).This usе is сommon in nеws rеports. The есonomу is eхpeсted to grow bу 2o/othis yeаr. Bесkhаm is sаid to be сonsidering а trапsferfrom Mапсhеster United. The пew shoppiпg сeпtrе is supposed to open пeхt spriпg' 66
- 72. 1 GRAмlYlAR l7 PAss!vЕ2 UnderIinе the сorreсtword or phrasein eaсhsentenсe. a) I,m having my hair cuttiпg/сuI/to hаveсut tomorrow. b) Thе сhildrеn were took/tаken/tаkiпg to thе sеasidеfor thе day. с) I was seпdiпg/sent/sепd hеrе by thе managеr. d) Katе is having hеr сar serviсes/serviсing/sеrviсed tomorrow. е) Suе had hеr windows brеаkiпg/brokеп/brokе by vandals. f) David has bееn offer/offeriпg/offered a nеw job in Brazil. g) Whеrе еxaсtly wereyou born/didуou borп/didуou beаr? h) I,vе just had my bikе repаirеd/repаir/repаiring. D I wаsgiveп/gаve/did give this book by Еmily. j) This сakе mаkеs/mаdе/wаs mаde fot hеr birthday. Rewriteeaсhsentenсebeginningand endingas shown.Do not сhangethe meaning. a) Somеonе stolе Bob,sbikе. rlt' Bob ''.I4.1.'!э!{'..'....'...'' bikе stolеn. b) John lent mе this book. This book ........ John. с) Thе dеntist took out onе of my tееth yеstеrday. Yеstеrday I ................ ........... out. d) Сairo is my plaсе of birth. I ..........'..... in Сairo. е) A roсk сonсеrt tiсkеt was sold to mе by a friеnd. I was ......... by a friеnd. f) Somеonеbrokе into Tom,shousе last wееk. Tom had ........ lastwееk. g) Whеn is your datе of birth? Whеn еxaсtly ........ born? h) Мy parеntsgavеmе this ring. I ................ parеnts. i) I,m kееping this bottle of winе for a spесialoссasion. This bottlеof winе ........ for a spесial oссasion. i) wе will sеnd you a lеttеrwith your exam rеsults. A lеttеr ........ to you with your еxam rеsults. 2 rk 67
- 73. l ]]Ж lNтЕRмЕDlAтE LANGUAGEPRACтIсE 3 Rewriteeaсh sеntеnсeso that it has a similarmeaning and сontainsthe word in bold. a) Thеy,rеsеrviсing my сar tomorrow. having !шv..I^ауущ..у!+у.'aqlr..{.?.rу]4d..t.a.ry!!.rr.a.w.,.... b) Yеstеrdaythеy stolе my bikе. had Lastyеar thеy paintеd our housе. had Thеy,rеtaking out my tooth tomorrоw! having Thеy,vе just сut my hair. had Thеy'rе fitting our nеW сarpеttomorтow. having They,vе just paintеd Ann,s portrait. had 4 Rewritеthe first sеntenсеas a news rеport using presentsimplе passive+ infinitive. Lots of pеoplе bеliеvе thе сriminal is living аbroad. Thесrimina l ... l,:,, h.e,Li?у.'9!('.t.a.. h*..LiYъw abroad. Есonomists supposеthat inflation will fall nеxt yеar. Inflation next year. Еvеryonе еxpeсtsthat Arsеnal will win thе Lеague. Arsеnal thе Leaguе. Peoplе think thе Govеrnmеnt is planning a nеw airpolt. Thе Govеrnmеnt......... ....a nеWairport. Thеy say hе is making a nеw moviе about thе Сivil War. Hе ............. a nеWmoviе aboutthе Сivil War. Journalistsrеport that thе Finanсе Мinister disagrееswith thе Prеsidеnt. Thе Finanсе Мinistеr with thе Prеsidеnt. с) d) е) o ь) a) b) с) d) е) 68
- 74. Ьlodal vеrbs: form апdmеaning Ability СаnI ..,? СouldI ',.? wiп I ...? WouldI ...? Мау I '.,? MightL..? ShаllI .'.? Should I ...? MustL..? I саппot(cап,t) I сouldnot (couldп,t) I wiIInot (woп,t) I wouldпot (wouldn,t) I mау not I mightпot I shаIInot (shаn,t) I shouldпot (shouldп,t) I mustпot (mustп,t) ЕxpIanations r Мodal vеrbs arе auxiliary vеrbs _ thеy arеusеd with othеr main vеrbs.Modal vеrbs arе сап, сould,will, would, mау,might, shаIl,should and must. r Notе thesеimportant rulеs: _ two modal vеrbs сannot bе put togеthеr (NoТ@) _ modal vеrbs arе followed by thе infinitivе without fo. (NoTф) - modal vеrbs do not havе third pеrson s (NoТф) - modal vеrbs do not form tеnsеS with -ing, -ed etс. (NoТ ) _ modal vеrbs usе invеrsion in quеstions (like the vеrb be),r,ot do/does (Nor@ r Quеstions arе madе by putting thе modаl in front of thе subjесt.Nеgativеs arе made by putting иof immеdiatеly aftеrthе modal (oftеn shortеnеdto -п,t in spokеn and informal writtеn Еnglish). r Modal vеrbs show thе spеakеr,sattitudе or fееlingsabout a situation. For еxamplе how probable or nесеssarysomеthing is, or that thе spеakеris offеring or rеquеstingsomеthing.Thе same modal vеrb сan bе usеd in diffеrеnt ways with diffеrеnt mеanings _ you only know from thе situation. l To talk about ability Wеuse cаn and cап,t(ot саnnotin formal writing) I сап swim. Саn уou swim? r Pronunсiation: саn is notmally unstrеssеd/kоn/,but is strеssеdfor еmphasis lkа;nl. А: Сап уou speаkСhinese? B: No, butI саn speаk|аpаnese, 69
- 75. lll tNтЕR]UIЕDlAтЕ LANG UAGЕPRACтI(E Certaintyand unсertainty Obligation Wе sometimеsuse beаblefo instеad of саn.Be аblefo forms tеnsеs. WiII уou be аble to hеIpme movemу furnituretomorrow? Сап andсаn,t arealso usеd foт pеrmission:to desсribеwhat is allowеd or not allowed. Саn I lеаve eаrlу,pleаse? I cаn,t come skаtingtomorrow. Study this tablе of probabilitу and thе notеs bеlow: IООo/o сеrtainty ulill 95o/o_1ООo/o dеduсtion must, сап,t 8Оo/o ехpесtation should ЗОo/o_7Оo/o unсertainty mау, might,сould Оo/o сertainty worl,t Wе usе wiIIandwon,twhen wе arе сertain about somеthing in thе futuте. Wе usе must aпd саn,t for anothеr фpе of сеrtainty сallеd .dеduсtion,.This is whеn wе know somеthing is сеrtain beсausеit is logiсal, or when wе makе an assumptionbесauseof thе faсtsof thе situation. He must be stuсk in the trаffiс. (I,m surеhе is - it,s thе only possibility) Shесаn,t be iп Itаlу! I sаw her todаy! (I,m surе shе isn,t _ it,s impossiblе) Wе usе shouldwhеn wе еxpесt that somеthing will happen. Theуshould аrrive hereаt аbout6.30. Wе usе mау, might and could for unсеrtainty. I mау not hаve timeto finish tonighf. (I don,t know) President|onesmight wiп theneхt election. (It,spossiblе) I mау /might hаve somenewsfor уou neхtwеek. (pеrhaps I will) He сould be stuckin the trаffiс. (perhaps hе is) We usе mustot hаveto to еxplain that somеthing is nесеssary. I must ftnish rny homeworkbefore8.00. I hаve to phoпe |ап аt 9.o0. In writing thетеis no rеal differеnсеbetwееnmust and hауeto.In spеeсh thете is a small diffеrеnсе: Wе usе hаveto whеn thе situation makеs somеthing nесеssary,for еxamplе bесausеof offiсial rulеs. At oursсhool,we hаve to.weаr а uпiform, Еveryplауer in а footbаIltеаmhаs to hаve а пumber' Wheп the trаffiс lфts аrereФ уou hаve to stop. In еvеryday spеесh,wе сan lsе hаvegot to instead of'hаveto. 70
- 76. Opinions and аdviсe GRA[nмAR l8мoDAts l: PRESENT AND FUтURЕ Wе usе mustwhen thе spеakеrpеrsonally fееlsthat somеthing is important. YourеаIlymust stopworkiпgso hаrd апd try to relах. Youmust beherebу 8,00, or thebuswill leаvewithoutуou' Notе that we do not usе to after must. r In thеir negativе fotms mustп,tand doп,thаvеto havе diffеrеnt mеanings. Nfustn,tdеsсribеsan aсtion whiсh is prohibitеd/forbiddеn. Youmustn,t cross theroаdwheп therеdlфt is showiпg. Don,t hауefo dеsсribеsan aсtion whiсh is not neсеssary_ you havе a сhoiсе. Youdon,t hаve to turп on thесeпtrаIheаtiпg.It,sаutomаtiс. Wе usе shouldand shouldпt to givе an opinion about what is thе bеst thing to do. Whеn wе speakto anothеr pеrson our opinion bесomеsadviсе. I thiпk the police should аrrest hooligаns. (opinion) I think уou should tаlk to уour teасherаbout it. (adviсе) Notе thе othеr usе of shouldfoт еxpесtation,mеntionеd еarliеrin this unit. Wе сan lse oughtto and oughtnot fo in thе samе Way as should and shouldп,t. ought fo is not as сommon as shouldand is a littlе morе formal. I thiпkуou ought to tаlk toуourteасher аboutit. Notе that with think in the nеgativе,WеuSеI don,tthink +shouldтathеrthan thе nеgativе forms of shоuld and oughtto' I doп,tthiпk you should/ought to go. Hаd bettеris usеd foт strong opinions. Hаd is usually сontraсtеd. I think уou,d better tаlk to your teасherаbout it. We,d better пot forget to turn off theсomputer! 7-J.
- 77. lNтЕRмЕDlAтЕ LANGUAGE PRAстlсE Underlinetheсorreсtword or phrasein eaсhsеntenсe. a) Look at thosе сlouds. I think tt сап/tцlghamust lain. b) This is impossible!It cап,tbe/mustп,t be/mауnot bethе answеr. с) Wеll donе! You mаy be/must be/might be vеtу plеasеdl d) I,vеno idеa whеrеJanе is. Shесouldbe/mustbeanywhеrе! е) I supposеit,spossib|е.Imight/саn/must сomе to your party. f) I,m not surе.I mustпot/mаУпotbe ablе to gеt thеrе in timе. g) Тhat саn,tbe/mustп,t be/mауnot beDavid. Hе hasn,t got a bikе. h) Lisa isn,t hеrе yеt. She саn be/must beon her waу' D Thеrе,sSomеonеat thе door. It саn be/сould be the postman. i) Sorry,I саn,tсome/mау пot сomеolt tonight. I havе to do my homеwork. 2 Rеwriteeaсh sentenсе,using con,con,t,mightor must,and bеginning and ending as shown. a) Sarahis rеally good at swimming. Saffih ...94.W..{.w.L.Ш..rЧlllY, . ...wеll. b) It,spossiblеthat our tеam will win. our tеam ............ win. с) I'm surеthis isn,t thе right road. This ........... . thе rightroad. d) I,m surеyou work vеry hard! You ............ vеryhard. е) Carolinе isn,t allowеd to сomе to our party. Carolinе to our party. f) It,spossiblеthat l,ll sееyou tomorroщ but I,m not surе. I ................ , but I,mnot surе. 8) I'm afтaidthat your tеaсhеris unablе to сomе today. I'm afraidthat ........... . today. h) I,m surеit,s vеry hot hеrе in summеr. It ............... hеrеin summеr. i) Еxсusеmе, is it all right if I opеn thе window? Ехсusеrnе,............ thе window? i) I supposеyou,rе Мrs Pеrry.How do you do? You ............ Мrs Pеrry.How do you do? IL
- 78. 3 GRAпnмAR lE мoDALsi: PRЕsЕNт AND FUтURЕ DесidewhеthеreaсhPair of sentenсеshavea similarmеaning,or whetherthey are diffеrent.Write Sfor someor Dfor differеnt. You shouldgo. ...?... You mustn,tprеssthis button. ........ You ought to havе a lеst. ........ You should bе сrazy! '....... You havе to bе hеrеbеforе8.30' ........ You don,t havе to do that! ........ You ought not to еat so muсh. ........ Wе must work hardеI. ........ I must writе my lеttеrs......... I havе to lеavеnow. ........ a) You,d bеttеrgo. b) You don't havе to prеssthis button. с) You should havе a rеst. d) You must be crazу! е) You must bе herе bеforе8.30. f) You mustn't do that! g) You shouldn,t еat so muсh. h) Wе havе to work hardеr. i) I,d bеttеrWIitеmy lеttеrs. i) I ought to leavе now. 4 Rеwriteeaсhsеntenсeso that it hasa similarmeaningand сontainsthe word in bold. It would be a good idеa for you to sееa dentist. ought ...Y.q.*.' p' ш.W. .'t !..{, *''(!.' dpnt.kt.'' ... It,snot nесеssaryfor us to go to sсhool tomorrow. havе I,m surеthat isn,t John, bесausеhе,sin Paris. be PеrhapsAnn is at homе. bе You ought to Wеar a WaIm сoat today. had It'spossiblеthat I,ll bе latе. may I wouldn,t go skiing if I wеre you. think It is forbiddеn to lеavеyouт bikе hеrе. сan,t lng a) b) с) d) е) сгl D' h) 7З
- 79. lNтЕRмEDlAтE LANGUAGE PRAстICE 5 6 lil !rll ; I 1 i I I i I t l t I I I I I l I I I I r I a ! I I I I I I I I ! I I I I I ; Complete еaсh sentenсewith one suitablemodal auxiliary. a) Soldiers.'.!уtуp......... to obey orders. b) I think you ........... takеyouт umbrеlla. с) Sorry,I ..................... go now. I don,twant to be latе. d) I,m not sulе,but I .......... bе ablеto hеlp you. е) Franсesсaisn,t at home, so she ..bе on hеr way hеrе. 0 Wе .. bеttеrnot lеavе any windows opеn. g) It .......... bе a staг,it,s too bright. Perhapsit,s an aliеn spaсеship! h) I don't .. to go to work today. It's a holiday. D Sorry,but I wasn,t .. to finish all the work you gavеmе. i) I think you ........... to askyouт teaсhеrfor somеadviсе. Rewriteeaсh sеntenсeso that it does not сontain the phrasein itolics. a) If I werеуou I,d takе morе еxеrсise. I..t!уiуtk..y.o.*.d...b.et'.t.эr/Jqш.,:!зp.ц!d..t.ъk.!у!!19..тх b) I eхpeсtthе plane will land soon. с) You аrenot аIlowedto usе a diсtionary. d) It,s impossiblefor thаt to bе Suе. Shе,sabroad. e) It,spossiblethаt |,|сomе to your party. f) It,sаgаinstthe lаw to dtop littеr in thе strееt. g) It,snot neсessаry for уou to wait. h) You,dbetterstaу in bеd tоday. 74
- 80. : Ability Сеrtaintyand ; nсеrtainty Obligation Opinions and adviсе Explanations rTo talk aboutgеnеralpastabilityWе usе сould,сouldп,tandwаsсfulе to' |аnесould swim/wаs аble to swim wheпshеwаs tеп. To talk about onе spесifiсpast aсtion wе only usе wаs аblеto. WhепDаvid feIIiп therivеr,|аnewаs аble to resсue him. Thе form is: modal +hаvе+pastpartiсiplе.Сomparеwith Grammar 18: Youmust hаve left yourpаSsport oп theplапe. (dеduсtion:I,m surеyou did) Linа сап,t hаve writteп this. (dеduсtion:I,m surеshе didn't) Маriа might/mау/сould hаve tаkeп thebus. (unсеrtainty:pеrhapsshе did) r To talk about obligation in thе past Wеusе hсldto,didп,thсшeto,didп,tпeеd to,пееdп,t hауedoпe.Thеrе is no past fotm of must. WhепI wаs сltsсhool,wе hоd to/didп,t hаve to-weаr а uпiform. r In stгiсtglammar thеrе is a diffеrеnсеbеtwееndidn,tnееdto and needп,t hсlvе done. I didn,t nеed to do апу homework yestеrdау. I пeedп,t hаve done апу homework уestеrdаy. (I had a сhoiсе) (I did it, but it wasn't nесеssarv) But in еvеrydayspеесhWеusе didn,tпeedto for both сasеs. r Thе form is: modal +hауе+past partiсiplе. Сomparе with Grammar 18: I thinkyou should hаve worked hаrder. Youshouldп,t hаvе eаteп so muсh! Wе сan lse oughtto hауеdoпeaпd oughtnot to hауedoпein thе samеway. r Thеsеforms mеan that we arе making a сritiсism. So in thе еxamplеsabovе Wеarе saying .I think you Wеrеwtong,. 5ЕtALso Graпrmar 18: Modals 1 ''..'it::: ::r::I:::: it:t:t;:II:II . .. 75
- 81. lNтER]t,lЕDlAтE tANGUAGЕ PRAстIсE Foreaсhquestion,сompletethе sесondsentenсеso that it mеansthe sameas the first, using no morе than three words. Contraсtionsсount as one word. a) I,m surеyou droppеd your wallеt at thе bus stop. Yotl...||Иit#t'.Lи.v..a.. /.7.q B'Р.d.. у ou,wallеt at thе bus stop. b) Мaybе Joanna missеd thе last bus. Joanna ....thе lastbus. с) Pеtеrknеw how to skatеwhеn hе was twеlve. Pеtеr.......... skatewhеn hе was twеlvе. d) Еmma WasWrongnot to tеll you thе answеr. Еmma ....you thе answеr. е) It wasn,tnесеSsaryfor us to pay to gеt in. Wе ............. pay to gеtin. f) I,m surеthat Diana didn,t takеyour books. Diana ....your books. g) PеrhapsDavid didn,t notiсе you. David ....notiсеdyou. h) Tеrry arrivеd еarly,but it wasn,tnесеssary. Tеrry......... arrivеdеarly. i) It wasn,tneсеSsaryfor mе to buy any food yеstеrday. I didn,t ....any food yеstеrday. j) It was a bad idеa for us to bе rude to thе poliсеman! Wе ............. bееnrudеto thе poliсеmanl 2 Rewriteeaсhsentenсebeginningas shown.Do not сhangethe meaning. a) You WеrеWrongto study so latе! Youshouldn, t ... h!!Y 9..{.t*d ird..l р...И.t p. b) Did you managеto stop him? I didn't PеrhapsTim has lost his way. Tim might It was possiblеfor you to hurt yoursеlf. You сould d) е) 76
- 82. 0 s) h) GRAlVIIVIAR I9 lVIODALS2: PAST i) It would havе bееn a good idеa to tеll mе. You should I,m surеthе сlassеnjoyеd it. Thе сlassmust .......... I hеlped hеr but it Wasn,tnесеssary. I neеdn,t It was a mistakеto lеavе. You ought I,m surеthе butler didn,t do it. Thе butlеrсan,t.......... Complete eaсh sentеnсеso that it,сontainsthe words in bold. a) I,mсompletеly soakеd! we ..{.W.*l'd..!gуg..tltkш.4!k..*lуb.r.4Lt!...'....,...'.., should/umbrеlla b) I,vеlost my bag. I think I must/bus 3 с) d) е) 0 I triеd to phonе Sam,but сouldn,t/gеt through I forgot Katе,sbirthday. I should/prеsеnt Thе сat doеsn,tlikе fruit!It .............. сan,t/orangе Jo isn.t hеreyеt. I supposеshе ........... might/addrеss T g) I did badly in thе tеst.I ought/hardеr Wе h) It,s a shame wе didn,t go on holiday. соuld/fun 77
- 83. 2 Underline the сorreсtword or phrasе in eaсh sentеnсе. a) Jim сlskеd/toldthе tеaсhеr if thе book was his. b) I hаvе hаd/hаd two tееth takеn out last wееk. с) I сan,t do thеsе sums. I wish I hауе/hаda сalсulator with mе. d) Ann rеfusеd/sаidshе didп,t wапt mе to borrow hеr bikе. е) Hеlеn сап't hауе stoleп/mцst hаvе stolеп thе monеy from thе offiсе. Shе didn,t сomе in to thе offiсе on thе day it was stolеn. f) If I hаvе/hсldmorе monеу, |,d paу for you too. g) It,s gеtting vеry latе, so I think уou,d bеttеr/youсould|еavе. h) Тraсеy phonеd еarliеr and said that shе hаd been/wouldbe |atе. i) Тhе nеxt two lеssons wеrе bееп/hаvеbееп сanсеllеd. i) |f wе,d remеmberеd/wе remеmbеredto bring thе map, wе wouldn,t havе got lost. Look сarеfully at eaсh linе. Somе linеs are сorreсt but somе havе a word whiсh should not bе there. тiсk (/) eaсh сorrесt |ine.lf a ]inе has a word whiсh shouId not be there, write the word in the spaсе. Do-It-YoursеIf Last wеek my brothеr and I dесidеd to pаint our bеdrooms if whilе our parеnts wеrе out for thе day. Our parеnts usually thеy havе thе painting donе by a loсal firm, but wе thought wе сould to savе somе monеy if wе did paint it oursеlvеs.Wе had watсhеd thе paintеrs thе last timе thе hоusе had to bееn paintеd, so wе thought и,е would bе ablе to do thе job. .First all thе surfaсеsmust havе to bе washеdi mу brothег said. .That сan,t havе bе vеry diffiсult,, I rеpliеd. ,Wе'd bеttеr if put somе nеWspapеrson thе сarpеt. If wе сan makе a mеss, wе,ll gеt into troublе., Aftеr that had bееn havе donе, wе iookеd for somе paint in thе gardеn shеd. ,Wе сould usе this rеd paiпt,, I was suggеstеd. Мy brothеr said that hе prеfеrrеd grееn paint. Just as if wе wеrе going to start, our parеnts arrivеd homе. ,You should havе bееn askеd us first,, my mothеr said us' ,You сan paint thе rеst of thе housе too!, | ..........{......... cLf З ..................... 4 ..................... 5 ..................... 6 ..................... 7 ..................... I ..................... 9 ..................... 10 ..................... 11 ..................... t2 ..................... 1З ........'.'.......... i4 ..................... 15 ..................... 16 ..................... 17 ..................... 18 ..................... 78
- 84. lnt h rld Dесidеwhiсh answеr(A, B,с or D) bеstfits the spaсe. Mаkiпg arraпТemепts with Pсlul г A fеwdaysagoPaulphonеdmе and (1)....Id.'..whеthеr I (2).......,,,1ооking aftеrhis dog whеn hе (3) away.I (4)........... that I didn,trеа111.likе dogs' but hе saidthat hе (5) all his othеrfriеnds,and that I (6)......'.... his only hopе.Hе invitеdmе round to his housе(7)........... to mееtthе dog,and hе told mе that hе (8) dinnеr for mе. An hour latеrhе phonеd again and saidthat hе (9) ........... aftеrall, so I (10) mееtingthе fo]lowingdav for lunсh. Thе nеxt morning hе сanсеllеdthis appointmеntand, aftеrhе (11)..........., saidthathе (12) thе dog to my housеat 6.00.,Idon,t know еxaсtly(13) ,, hе said.,Сouldyou tеllmе how (14)........... thеrе?, I quiсkly said I (15) out and put thе phоnе down. Luсkily I havеn,t hеardfrom him sinсe. 1) A told B saidmе С askеdmе D spоkе 2) A would mind B want C likе D willhеlp З) A has gonе B wеnt С would go D will go 4) A told him B said him С askеdhim D rеpliеd him 5) A asks B would ask С will ask D had alrеadyaskеd 6) A am B will bе C had bееn D was 7) A this еvеning B that еvеning С thе еvеning D in еvеning 8) A is сooking B will сook С would сook D had сookеd 9) A had to go out B wеnt out С goеsout D has to go out 10) A had suggеstеd B would suggеst С suggеstеd D suggеst 11) A has donе B told mе sorry С askеd D had apologizеd 12) ^ would bring B had brought С brought D brings 1З) A whеrеis it B if it is С whеrеit is D how was it 14)AdoIgеt BIgеt СIwillgеt DI,mgеtting 15) A went B go С will go D was going 4 Сomplеtееaсhsentenсewith one of the words or phrаsеsfrom thе box. сould d€*:*аrЁe+o might havе had to havе to must mustn't should a) Wе ..dp.ууt..hдu*..t.Q.... -eat a unifоrmatmy sсhool. b) You playwith matсhеs! It,svеrydangеrousl с) I,m not Suге,but I think I ...'............ lеft my wallеt in thе bank. d) I,m gеtting up еarly,bесausеI '............... go running bеforе sс1-tооl е) Sorry I сan,t stay any longеr, but I rеally gо honlе. f) If you want to, Wе ............. go swimming thls aftеrnoоn. g) Sorry I,m latе, but I .......... .. takе my dog to thе -еt,s. h) I think you ............ go to bеd еarliеr,and stop drinking сoffее. 79
- 85. !NтER]YlЕDlAтE LANGUAGE PRAстlсE 5Complеtethe seсondsentеnсeso that it hasa simi|armeaningto thе first sеntеnсe. I don,t know thе answеr,so I сan,t help you. rcl ... kл.p. N''th*.g.w.w. pr'..I. ..N рнL d. ..l:w|B.' у!*. Don,t run fast,or you,ll fееl tirеd. If ......... ... ... с) An off-duty poliсеwoman arrеstеdthе robber. i) Thе robbеr Wе didn,t lеavе еarly,sо wе missеd thе train. If wе .......... I atе all thе iсе-сrеam,and now I rеgrеtit. I wish Whеrе is thе bus station? Could you ............ ................ ? Thе loсal сounсil is building a nеW sportsсеntrе. A nеw sportsсеntrе I think you should go to thе doсtoг,s. If I ............. Somеonеusеd a hammеr to brеak thе window. Тhе window .Don,t forgеtto buy somе milk, Amy,, I said. I rеmindеd For еaсhquestion,сompletethе seсondsеntеnсeso that it meansthe sameas the first,usingno morethan threеwords. It wasn,tnесеssary for mе to goto workyеstеrday. I didn,t..hдur..t..q.3g . to workyеstеrday. I,d likе to bе riсh! I wish ....riсhl I,m going to thе hairdrеssеr,s tomorlow. I'm having ....tomorrow. Pеrhaps Мark missеd thе bus. Mark might ....thе bus. Marсoni was thе invеntor of radio. Radio ......... by Мarсoni. I think you Wеrе Wrong to forgеt thе kеysl You shouldn,t ............. thе kеys! a) b) d) е) s) h) 6 a) b) с) d) 80 е)
- 86. GRAt|мAR 2o сoNsoLlDAтIoN2 s) h) lt would bе a good idеa for us to takе an umbrеlla. Wе .........'... bеttеrtakеan umbrеlla. I,m surеthat Мaria workеd vеry hard. Maria ....vеry hard. Hеlеn gavеa сamеrato Riсhard. Riсhard ....a сamеraby Hеlеn. It was unnесеssaryfor us to buy so muсh food. Wе ............. boughtso muсh food. i) II 7 For eaсhquestion,сomplеtethе sесondsentenсеso that it meansthe samеas thе first,usingno morеthan thrеewords. Thе paintеrs arе сoming to oul housе tomolrow. Wеarе..'l,.qtу.уу&..p'ц.Т..fu .ц,''9..... paintеdtomorrow. Someonе stolеPeter,s сarlastwееk. Pеtеr.......... stolеnlastwееk. с) ,I,vеlost my tiсkеt, Katе,,said Danny. Danny told Katеthat ........... lost his tiсkеt. d) Сarl advisеdDianе not to takе thе job. ,I ................ ....... thе job if I Wеrеyoul Dianе,,saidCarl. е) Whеn doеs thе play start? Сould you ............ thе play starts? Lеt,sgo for a piсniс if thе wеathеr,sgood. Lеt,sgo for a piсniс ....thе wеathеr,s bad. I stayеdup latе bесausеI didn,t fееl tirеd. If I had fеlttirеdI ................ ....... stayеdup latе. h) Jim livеd in Spain thеn, so it was impossiblе that you met him hеrе. You ......'..... mеtJim hеrе,bесausеhе livеd in Spainthеn. i) ,Do you havе to leavе еarly tomorroщ Ann?, askеdМary. Мary askеdAnn if shе ............ lеavееarlythе next day. jl .Do you think you сould passmе thе salt,Pеtеr?, l said. I ................ ....... Рetеrto passthе salt. a) b) s) 81
- 87. INтЕRMEDlAтЕ LANGUAGE PRACтIсE IUndеr]inе thе errorsin thеsesеntеnсes. Corrесtthe error. a) War and Pеaсеwas writing by Lеo Tolstoy. ..w.Г.Ltt%ul b) That mustn,tbе David! Hе,son holiday in Bеrmuda. с) Andrеa askеda passеr-bywhеrе was thе train station. d) If I had livеd in Anсiеnt Grеесe, I might bе a slavеI e) In thе army,you,d bеttеrWеara unifоrm. 0 Katе told mе that shе must to finish hеr homеwork. g) I think somеonеmust opеn your bag.That,sthе on1yexplanation. h) I wish I arn tallеr! i) I rеpair my сar by a qualifiеd mесhaniс. j) If I saw a snakе,I,ll sсrеamand run awayl Do you сhangetеnsеswhen you usereportеdspeeсhin your |anguagе? If you nееdto сhесk thе punсtuationof dirесtspеесhyou сan look at Grammar 48. Cheсkthe diffеrenсebеtweenthe sесondand third сonditiona|s. Remembеrthat the pasttenseverb in a sесondсonditionaldoеs not referto pasttime. Whеn do we usethе passivе? Doеsyour Ianguageuse passivеs like Еnglishdoеs? How do We use must'hаvеto and should?When might you say: a) Jim has to gеt up еarly еvеry day. b) Jim must gеt up еarly еvеry day. с) Jim should gеt up еarly еvеry day. Еxplainthe diffеrenсebetweеneaсhpair of sentenсеs. a) l,m сuttingmy hair. I,m having my hair сut. b) I must hаvе lost my kеys. I сan,thavе lost my kеys. с) I didn't nееd to buy any food yestеrday. I nееdn,thavе bought any food yеstеrday. d) If you сamе by bus, you,d gеt hеrе fastеr. If you had сomе by bus, you would havе got hеге fastеr. Problem сheсk 3 4 82
- 88. ПtrPose: to andfor llrrpose: so thаt Explanations r Wе usе thе fo infinitive to desсribеpurposе,to saywhy wе do things. This is сallеd ,thе infinitivе of purposе,. Аlistаir weпt to thestаtioп to meet his pаrents. (NoT {e++о+ееt) r In formal spеесh and writing Wе сan tlsein orderto. This is not as сommon as thе infinitivе of purposе. ThePresideпtmаdeа speeсhin order to eхplаiп thepoliсy' r Wе сan usе pr followеd by a noun to say why wе do somеthing.This is еspесiallyсommon following vеrbs of motion. I-weпt to theshopsfor some milk. r Wе сan usе so (thаt)to еxprеsspurposе.Aftеr so (thаt)we usе sub'iесt+vеrb. r For a habitual pulposе Wеusе cсInot thе prеsеntsimplе. I leаvethewiпdow oPe|1 So (thаt) theсаt cаn get iп аnd out' BiII weаrsthiсk socksiп bedso (thаt) his feetdon,t get сold. l Foг a futurе purposеWеusе cап,wiIIor thе plеsеnt simple. Dorа is going to leаveсlаss eаф so (thаt) sheсап go to thedentist' Wэ,IItаkeап umbrellаso (thаt) we don,t get wet. r For a past purposеWеusе could,wouldor thе past simplе. Dorа left сlаss eаrlуso (thаt) she could go to thedentist. Wе tookаn umbrellаso (thаt) wewouldп,t get wet. We tookаn umbrellаso (thаt) we didn,t get wеt. r If thе subjесtof thе first part of thе sеntеnсеand thе subjесtof thе purposе сlausеarе diffеrеnt,wе сan,t usе thе infinitivе of purposе fo.Wе havе to usе so (thаt)' HeIeпplаyed thеpiапo to eпtertаin herfтieпds. Helen plауed thepiаno so (thаt) everyone else сoulddапсe. 83
- 89. lNтERпnЕDlAтE tANGUAGE PRAстIсE Putone suitableword in eaсhspaсe.Contraсtionsсount as one word. a) I wrotеthе datеin my diarу...!.!.... ...th4|t.......... I wouldn,t forgеtit. b) Мost tourists сomе hеrе .. visit thе anсiеnt tеmplеs. с) Mary сallеda mееting ........ announсе thе tеam. 0 Our tеaсhеrmadеus sit far apartso thatWе..................... сhеat! g) I,lllеavеthе box opеn so thatyou .........'........... hеlp yoursеlf. h) Lisa got up early so that shе .. finish hеr homеwork. 2 Rеwriteeaсh sentenсеso that it сontainsto word in bold. a) I wеnt to thе shops to gеt somе е8gs. for ... I.. W..e. nl.. tg..the.. thlBl.l.q.r.. {p.ш.'W.{*..,'',.. b) Niсola сamе hеrе for a mееting with thе dirесtor. to с) Wе for Wеnt on holiday to have a rеst. d) е) 0 s) h) Мikе plays tо сhеssfоr rеlaxation. I opеnеd thе window to lеt in somе air. fоr Cristina wеnt shopping to buy somе nеw сlothеs. for I wеnt to a plivatе sсhool for Еnglish lеssons. tо Sam wеnt to a spесialistto gеt treatmеnt. fоr 84
- 90. GRAi'lillAR 21 PURPOSE 3Complеtethe seсondsentеnсeso that it hasa similarmeaningto the first sentenсe. a) Paul had tо go to thе doсtor,s,and lеft work early. paа.'.l.ф..Np.r&...q.r!Y'..'...,,.. sothat....k..qq!{.!dJ.q''....... tothеdoсtor,s. b) Thе sсhool wаs rеbuilt bесausеit Wasn,tlargееnough. Thе sсhool in ordеrto .............. largеr. с) Sophia wantеdJaсk to сall heц and gavеhim hеr phonе numbеr. Sophia . so that ............... hеr. d) I might gеt sunburnt, so I,ll put on somе suntan oil. I'll .............. ...so that sunburnt. е) Cathy hid thе presеntsand nobody saw thеm. Cathy so that thеm. f) Wе wantеd peoplе to danсе,so wе had thе party in a largеhall. Wе ............ ........ so that ........... ...... danсе. g) Diсk wantеd to gеt a good seat,so hе arrivеd еarly. Diсk .......... so that a goodsеat. h) I сouldn,t sееwеll in thе сinеma, and сhangеd sеats. I ................ . so that ..... bеttеr. D Wе didn,t Want to fееl hungтy,so wе took somе sandwiсhеs. Wе took so thatWе............. i) Harry wantеd his friеnds to notiсе him so hе worе a funny hat. Harry......... .....so that ........... ........... him. 85
- 91. Rеason and rеsu|t soand suсh for emphasis too and not enoughfor a diffiсuIty Еxplanations r Wе uSеbесаuse,сs and sjnсe whеn Wе Want to ехplain thе rеason for somеthing. Аs and siпсе are molе сommon in formal spеесh and writing. Tim didп,t fееl wеII,bесаuse hе hаd еаtеп fifteеп iсe-сreаms. As/sinсe Tim hаd еаtеп flftеeп iсе-Сreаms,hе didп't feеl vеrу well. Tim didп,t fееIwеll, аs/siпсе hе hаd еаtеп fifteеn iсe-сrеаms l Аs and siпсe сarl сomе at thе bеginning of thе sеntеnсе. Normally wе do not bеgin sеntеnсеs with bесausе, but this is possiblе in informal spеесh. Beсаuse Tim hас|eаteп fiftееп iсе.сrеаms,hе didп,t fеel very wеll, r Wе uSе so to еxprеss a rеsult. Notе thе rеlation bеtwееn beсаusеand so. Tim hаd eаtеп fifteeп iсе-сreаms,so hе didп,t fеel vеry wеll. l Wе uSе so mапу/muсh (thаt) ald, so fеwДittlе (thаt) with nounsl for еmphasis. Thаt is usually lеft out in informal spеесh and writing. Notе thе rulеs: Сountablе nouns I bought So mапу books (thаt) I сouldп,t соrry thеm аII. Thеrе wеrе so few pеople in the theоtre (thаt) thе сlсtors didп,t pеrform well' Unсountablе nouns Therе is so muсh rаiп аt thе momепt (thаt) wе hаrdly еуеr80 out. Wе hаve so little free time (thаt) wе doп,t wаtсh television' r Wе usе so + adjесtivе + thаt With adjесtivеs by thеmsеlvеs. Lаst пight was So hot (thаt) I сouldn,t slееp. The trаiпеrs wеreSo сheаp (thаt) I bought two pаirs' r If wе havе an adjесtivе followеd by a noun, Wе usе suсh сt. It wаs suсh rl lovely dсlу fthаt) wе wеl1tfor а wаlk iп the сouпtrу. Itwаs suсh а good ftIm (thаt) I sсtwit twiсе. l Too + adjесtivе mеans.morе than is nесеssary or good,. It suggеstsa diffiсulty, and that somеthing сannot bе donе. It wаs too fаr, (so I didn't go) It wсls too diffiсult. (so I didn,t do it) r lf wе say what thе aсtion is wе usе fo + infinitivе. It ll,сtstoo far to wаlk so lryetook а trlхi. Thе moцпtсtirtwсlstoo diffiсult (for us) to сlimb. 86
- 92. 50 aпd too Rеsu|t phrasеs: os orеsult,in thееnd, *entuoIlу Linking words GRAммAR 22 RЕAsoN AND REsULт Nof +adjесtivе+eпoughmеans ,lеssthan is nесеssaryoг good'. Сompaге thе usе of too and not enough. Little Gеrryis too young to tltаlk to sсhool. Little Gerryis not old enough to wаlk to sсhool. With nouns Wе сan usе toomаnу/muсh,toofew/Iittleand пot еnotф. Countablе nouns Thereаre too manу PeoPleiп theсlаss. Thereаrе too few books. We hаvеп,t got enough books. Unсountablе nouns Thereаre too mаny things to do. There'stoo little time. We hаven,t got eпough time. Notiсе from thе abovе еxamplеs that eпoughсomеs aftеr adiесtivеs(,old,)but bеforеnouns (,books,/,timе,). It is a сommon mistakе to сonfusе so and too. So is likе verу,arrdis usеd for еmphasis.Тhе spеakеr,s opinion сan bе positivе or nеgativе. Тoomеans .morе than еnough,. It suggеstsa diffiсulty, that somеthing сannot be donе or will not happеn. It,svery eхpeпsive, (a faсt) It,sso eхpeпsive. (I,m surprisеd,but I still might buy it) It,s too ехpeпsive. (so I won,t buy it) r Look baсk at thе еxamplеsin the prеvious two sесtionsto sееthеsеusеsof so arrdtoo. Wе сan also expressresultwith a linking phrasеlikе as а result,or a timе еxprеssionlikе in thеendor evепtuаllу. Thеsе arеmorе сommon in foтmаl spеeсhand wтiting. Two metresof snоw fell duriпg thenight' As а result, severаlmаiп roаdswere bloсkеd, (in spеесhwe would just usе so hеrе) It stаrtedrаiпiпg while we werehаviпgourpiсniс| апd eveпtuаIlу we dесided togo homе, Kаte апd Tim wаitedfor thebus for а loпg time,апd in the eпd theуtookа tахi. r Words |ike becаuse and so arе сallеd ,linking words,. 87
- 93. lNтERlt,|EDlAтЕ LANGUAGЕ PRAстI(E 1Undеrlinеthe сorreсtword or phrasein eaсhsentenсе. a) It was such/soa dеliсious dгink, that I had to havе another glass. b) Andrеw ateso muсh/somany сakеs that hе сould hardly walk! с) Katе,soffеr soundedso/toogood to bе truе! d) Thеrе areso few/solittle good proglammеs on TV that I rarеly watсh it. е) I fеlt so/tooweakthat I соuldn,t stand up. 0 Wе had so muсh/somаnу fueetimе, that wе got borеd. g) I waitеd for Еlainе for agеs, arrdаs а result/intheeпdI gavе up. h) Thеrе Wasso muсh/somаrtуrз;inlast night, that thе roadswеre floodеd. i) David was tootаll/tаll eпough/enough tаIl/verytаll to rеасh thе shеlf. i) I had so few/soIiffIeknow|edgеof thе sub|есtthat I got zеro in thе tеSt. Comp|еtеthе sentenсeswith one of thesеwordsi too,enoagh,so,such,mllch, monу,littlе, fеw. a) It,s...*{g.............. latеand therеarеstill lots of pеoplеin thе сlub. b) It,s .. latе to саtсh a bus. I,ll havе to gеt a taxi homе. с) I havеso ..................... work to do! d) I havеso ..................... iobsto do! е) I don,t havе .......... monеy to go on holiday this yеar. f) I havеtoo ..................... monеy to go on holidaythisyеar. g) I havе too ..................... еurosin my bank aссountto go on holiday this yеaг. h) It was .. an еxсiting film. i) Thе film was .. еxсiting. i) It,s..................... hot on the bеaсh.I don,tlikе it. I,m goingbaсk to thе hotеl. k) It,s .. hot on thе bеaсh!I lovе it. I,m rеally relaxеd. Put onе suitableword in eaсhspaсe. a) Мy teaiS ...t.о.Q. hot to drink at thе momеnt. b) I had to standat thе baсk,......... thеrеwеrеn,tanу sеatslеft. с) Thomashad ............ ........ homework,that hе had to stayup latе. d) ThеrеWеrе.......... ........ pеoplеin front of us that wе сouldn,tsее. е) Hеlеn missеd thе bus, .. shе took a taxi. f) ThеrеWеrе.......... ..сustomеrsthat thе shop сlosеddown. g) Thе room Wasn,tlargе .. for so many guеsts. h) HannahWas..................... tirеdthat shеfеll aslееpon thе train. i) Wе had .....monеy that we сouldn,t еvеn buy a drink. i) .. it was raining, thе sсhool piсniс was postponеd. 2 3 88
- 94. GRAмitAR 22 RЕAsoNAND RЕsUtт 4 Rewriteeaсh sentenсeso that it has a similarmeaning and сontainsthe word in bold. a) I fеlt rеally tirеd, so I stayеdat homе and had a rеst. bесausе ?e!t.. .гsа'|tу.. t.'.r r,d.,. b) I didn,t usе that piесе of string,bесausеit was too short. enough с) The quеstion Wasso diffiсult that I had to ask for hеlp. suсh d) Thеrе wеrеn,tenough sеatsfor all thе guеSts. few е) Thеrе wеrеn,tеnough sеatsfor all thе guеsts. many We сan,t put that box in thе сar as thеrе isn,t muсh spaсе. littlе o ь| I haven,t got еnough timе to do all my work. too h) I'vе got suсh a lot of work that I сan,t go out. so Shе had lots of сhildrеn and didn,t know what to do. many i) It was suсh a good play that thе audiеnсесhееred. so 89
- 95. lNтER]t,lEDlAтЕ tANGUAGE PRACтIсE 5Underlinethe errors in these sentеnсes.Rewriteeaсh sеntenсe. a) Sorry,but I hаvеn,t got little timе. Sarrv,bЙr I hаvewtqоt oИ.al b) Еriсa is not еnough old to drivе a сar. с) Paul has so muсh friеnds that hе,salwaysbusy. d) Wе had too fеw timе to go sight-sеeing. е) It'stoo hot that I сan,t think! Г) Thеrе Wastoo muсh snow that wе сouldn,t travеl. g) It was so a long way that wе deсidеd to drivе thеrе' h) So that I had run a long waу, I fеlt еxhaustеd. Completethe sесondsentenсeso that it has a similarmeaningto the first sentenсe. a) I,m afтaidyou,rе not fast еnough to be in thе running team. I,m afraid you,rе too ...,t !!N'. t !...b 9.'L.Y!, .th*.'r шу'llll. уц..t'ч|ш,...'.. b) It,snot vетy far to thе housе,so we сan walk. Wе сan walk .......... с) Thе film wаs so long that wе missеd our last bus. It was d) Tina fеlt unhappy and shе сriеd. Tinafеltso .............. е) Tom has lots of monеy, and doеsn.tknow what to do with it. Tomhasso .............. 0 Jim is too young to gеt marriеd. Jim isn't g) I сan't afford to buy this bikе. I havеn,tgot ............ h) Thеrе arеtoo fеw platеsI,m afraid. Тhеrе arеn,t 6 90
- 96. шшсу,etand Й.lough ыcn though and tюtlgh пф.lilе andwhеreos fupitе and n spiteof ЕxpIanations r Wе сan usе but aпd аIthough to makе a сontrast.Аlthoughis morе typiсal of сarеfulor formal spеесhor writing. Mаriа felt ill, but sheweпtto sсhool. Mаriа wentto sсhoolаIthough shewаs ill. Тhе сlausеwith аlthoughсan сomе at thе bеginning. Although shewаs iII,Маriа wentto sсhool. r Wе сan еmphasize but arrdаlthoughwith still aлd апу'nuау. Mаriа felt ill, but shеweпtto sсhoolаnywау. Mаriа fеlt ill, but shе still wentto sсhool. Although shewаs iII,Mаriа weпtto sсhoolапуwау. r Wе сan usе yet instеad of but in writing. Mаriа felt ill, уet shewentto sсhool, l Wе сan usе eventhough|ikeаIthough to givе a strongеrсontrast. Evеn though shefelt veryill, Маriа weпt to sсhool. r Wе сan usе thoughike аlthoughin informal spеесhand writing. Wе often makе two sеparatеsеntеnсеsand put thoughat thе еnd. Маriа weпt to school.Shewаs ill, though. l While ar,dwhereаs сan bе usеd in formal spеесhand writing to сomparеtwo faсts and еmphasizеthе diffеrеnсеbеtwееnthеm. While/Wherеаs Someeхpertseхpесtthe Govеrпmentto win theeleсtioп,most believethаt theopposition will wiп. l Despiteand iп Spiteof arc also usеd to makе a сontrast.But thеy arе followеd by a noun or noun phrasе (not subjесt+vеrb ike аlthough). Thе -ing forrr,of thе vеrb aсtslikе a noun hеrе. Despite her illness, Mаriа weпt to sсhool. (NoТщi*...1 Despite being ill, Mаriа went to sсhool. In spite of her illness, Маriа weпt to sсhool, In spitе of beiпg iII, Mаriа weпt to sсhool' 9t
- 97. lNтERгvlEDlAтE tANGUAGЕ PRAст!CЕ howеverand on the othеr hond Linkingwords However introduсеs or сomplеtеsa сontrasting sеntеnсe.Howеvеralwayshas punсtuation bеfoте and aftеr. Маriа wаs ill' Howev*, sheweпtto school. Маriа weпtto sсhool'Shewаs ill, however. Howeveris morе сommon in formal spеесhand writing. r Notе that wе сannot say: l Оn theotherhаnd introduсеsa сontrasting opinion. It is morе сommon in formal spеесhand writing. Televisionhаs mапу аdvапtаgеs'It keepsus iпformedаbout the lаtestnews, аnd аIsoprovideseпtertаinment in thehomе.Оп the other hапd, teleуisioп hаs beеnblаmedfor theviolentbehауiourof someуou|xg peoplе,апd fоr enсourаging сhildreпto sit iпdoors,insteаdof tаkingeхerсise, r Words |ike but,аlthoughand however arе сalled ,linking words,. 92
- 98. 2 GRAlvtмAR 23 сoNтRAsт Underlinetheсorreсtword or phrasеin eaсhsentеnсе. a) I rеad thе book you Suggеstеd. I didn,t еnjoy it, аIthough/fupуgу11. b) In spiteof/Although wе warnеd him, Harry still got lost. c) Although/However I likе it hеrе, I won,t stay hеrе long. d) Сars arе сonvеniеnt. oп theothеrhаndПVhereсs, thеy сausеpollution. e) I didn,t havе muсh time, but/however I managеdto visit lots оf plaсеs. 0 Сathеrinе Won thе raсе, аlthough/dеspife falling оvеr. g) Although/Inspiteof the dеlay, thе train arгivеd on timе. h) I didn,t managе to jump ovеr thе wa||,аIthough/уef I triеd twiсе. Completeeaсhsentenсеwith onе suitablеword. о ..АLt]:шщh.Tim fеlt tirеd, hе stayеdup to finish his homеwork. b) Sam didn,t likе skating ....hе wеnt with his friеnds all thе samе. с) I found Frеnсhhard at first........... , I soon startеdto еnjoy it. d) Janе kеpt running, ..................... though shе knеw she сouldn,twin. е) Мike was lost, but hе .. rеfusеdto look at thе map. f) Carol wеnt to sееthе film, .......... shе had sееnit bеforе. g) ..................... thе rain, thе sсhool sportsWеrеa grеatsuссеss. h) Hеlеn won thе swimming сompеtition,iГl ..................... of hеr сold. Rеwriteeaсhsentenсebеginningas shown.Do not сhangethе meaning. a) Although it was snowing, wе wеnt out for a walk. b) Somе еxpеItsthink priсes will fall, but othеrs disagrее. Whilе с) d) Dеspitethе hеat, Diana worе hеr wintеr сlothеs. Еvеn though thеy wеrе losing at half-timе, Сity won in thе еnd. Dеspitе Although е) Whеreaslast summеr was good, this summer it,s rainеd all thе timе. Last summеrwas good $ Jamеshad a hеadaсhе,but hе still rеad until latе. In spitе of g) Although Jon hadn,t studiеd,hе did wеll in thе tеst. 3 Jon hadn,t studiеd 93
- 99. What is a funсtion? Askingfor information Offers Explanations rA funсtion is a vr'avof dеsсribinglanguagеaссording to its purposе (how it is usеd).Funсtions саn bе shoгt phrasеsaswеll as singlе words. Typiсal funсtions aге:offетingsomеthing, asking for pеrmission,making a Suggеstion еtс. r Thе samе funсtion сan bе ехprеssеdin diffеrеntWays.Our сhoiсе of words dеpеndson: _ Тhе situationrтеarеin: is it publiс or privatе?who еlsеis prеsеnt? - Тhе pеrson Yеaгеtalking to: somеorrеof our own agе?how wеll do wе knorvthеm? _ -hat'еarе talking about:is thе topiс sеnsitivе?or is it light and unimportant? r Тhе funсtions bеlow arе сlassifiеdas formal (=politе), nеutral or informal, but rеmеmbеrthat thе сhoiсе of words dеpеndson many things. You might bе talking to a friеnd and you Want to borrow a pеn, so you arе informal. But if you arе talkin8 to thе samе friеnd and you Wantto borrow a largе amount of monеy you will usе morе formal languagе. r To ask for information wе сan usе an indirесt quеstion: Саn уou teIIme whаt time thebus from Glаsgowаrrives? Сould уou teIIme whаt time thebus from Glаsgowаrrives? ) Оf сourse. It аrrivesоt 9.З0' Would уou miпd telliпg mewhаt timethebusfromGlаsgowаrrivеs? (nеutralt (nеutra1 r (formal) ) Оf сoursenot.It аrrivesаt 9,З0. r Notе thе indirесt quеstion form (NoT и*а+-+i*еaееs...). offеring hеlp: Shаll I cаrry this suitсаse for уou? Let me саrry yoursuitсаsе. ) Thапkуou verymuсh./ Тhаnks,butI сап mапаge. offеring things: (nеutral) (nеutral) Would уou like а softdriпk? (nеutral) ) Yes,plеаse,I,ll hаveаn Оrаngе juiсе./ No thоnks,it,soK' Would you like tеаor сoffеe? (nеutral) 94 ) I,d rаther hаve сoffее, plеаse./ I,d prefer teа,plеаse./ I don,t miпd.
- 100. krmission Promising Пеquests Пеquеsts with mind Suggеsting and аdvising ) Yеs,you mаy. Whеnwе rеply we oftеn rеpеatthе modal vеrb, but notiсе that lthеn lте rеply to Сould I Wе say саn лot сould. I,IIbe bасkаt 11.З0. I tryon,tdo апуthingsiIIу! The word wiIIis used in many funсtions. Cаn уou openthewindow,pleаse? Саn уou help me? Сould уou openthewindowpleаsе? Will/Would уou wаit here,pleаse? Wе сan rеply to a rеquеstby agrееingor rеfusing: ) Sure./ No problem./ of сourse. ) Aсttlаllу,it,sа bit inсonvenieпt' / I,m sorrybut thаt,sпotpossible. r Rеquеstswith mind arе сonfusing for lеarnеrsbесausеWouldуou miпd ''. mеans ,Isit а problеmforyou?,'So wе Saу,r1o, if wе want to bе hеlpful. Would уou mind helpingme? ) No, of сoursenot. ) АсtuаIly,I,m quitebusy аt thе moment.Perhаpslаter. r Notе that wе usе an -iпg form aftеt Would you miпd. Is it аll right if I leаveeаф? Саn I leаveеаrly,pleаsе? ) Yes,of сourse' ) Sorry,but уou саn,t, Youhаve to stаy to thееnd. Сould I possiblу leаvеа bit eаф, pleаse? ) Yes,you саn' Mау I lеаveeаф, pleаse? Lеt,s go to theсinemа. Whу don,t we 80 to thесiпemа? How аbout going to theсinemа? We сould go to theсinеmа, GRA}|мAR 24 ЕUNстloNs tinfоrmal t lnеutгa1t (formal r (formal) (nеutтal) (nеutral) (nеutral) (nеutral) (formal) (formal) (nеutral) (nеutral) (nеutral) (nеutral) If wе makе a suggеstionto anothеr person it is adviсе: I think уou should stауаt home' (formal) If I wereуou, I,d stаyаt home. (formal) 95
- 101. lNтERrиEDlAтE tANGUAGE PRAстlCE 1Мatсh what peoplesay(a_|) with the funсtions(1-10). a) Ъuld you likе a сup of tеaz.....t.... b) Ехсusеmе, do you know what timе thе museum opens? с) .сtцally,I think I,drathеrhavе a Сhinеsеmеal. ........... d) l knoщ wе сould walk along thе rivеr.How aboutthat? ........... е) SoгrY, but I won,tdo it. ........... fl Тhat looks diffiсult.Shall I help you? ........... g) Еxсusеmе, but do you think you сould turn your musiс down a hl Ъll, to bе honеst, I think you should go to thе poliсе. i) Is it all right if I go out to thе shopsfor a momеnt? ........... i) I'll dеfinitеlybе thеrеat 6.00.I won,t bе latе! 1 Giving adviсе 2 Asking for information З offеring hеlp .1offеring somеthing 5 Asking pеrmission 6 Rеfusingto do something 7 Еxprеssinga prеfeтеnсе 8 Мaking a promisе 9 Мaking a rеquеst 10 Мaking a suggеstion UnderIine the сorrесtword or phrasein еaсhsentenсе. a) I,m vеry busy.Let,sluldJou-miпd giving mе a hand? b) If I ,,ilere yoщ I,d write/Howаboutуou wite thе lеttеr again. с) Why don,t wе go/going to thе thеatтеtomorrow? d) Wouldyou miпd/Сouldyou сlosе thе door plеasе? e) Do you likeПVouldуou /ikesomе morе watеr? f) [ promisе I woп,tdo it/I doп,tdo it again. 8) I,ц quitе good at сooking too. ShаllI help/Vould I hеIpуou? h) I,vеa suggеstion'Whу doп,tуougo/Сouldyou8o to thе bеaсh? i) WouldI borrow/СouldI borrowyour rulеr? i) Аrе you tirеd? I think you сапgo/should 80 to bеd еarly. 2 96
- 102. GRAммAR 24 FUNстloNs 3RepIaсethе partsin itolicswitha more appropriateor aссuratееxpression. a) Look, don,t worry about mе, therе,sa bus at 12.3О.So I,m bасkbу 2'oo, I promisе! ........|.LL-bp.h qрk b) A: Would you likе an iсе-сrеam?Or somе сakе pеrhaps? B: I chooseice-сreаm, plеasе. с) A: B: I,m having problеms at sсhool. What do you think I should dо? I tаlk it ovеrwith уourpаreпts. d) A: B: This suitсase is leally hеavy, and my baсk is killing mе! Do I саrтуit? е) A: B: I,m not surеwhat to do this еvеning. Any idеas? Youwill go to theсiпеmа,perhаps? f) A: I,vеgot an appointmеnt at thе dеntist,s.ShаlII leаvesсhooleаф? B: Havе you brought a note from your parеnts? g) Еxсuseme, I want to сatсh a bus from here to London. Tell mehow muсhdoes it сost. h) A: I fееl really hungry. Havе you got anything to еat? B: Do уou like somelemonаde? i) A: B: It,svеry hot in hеre, Аre уou openingthewiпdow? Of сoursе. j) д: B: Come on, hurry up! Tidy your room and make your bеd! No,I doп,t!It,snot fair! 97
- 103. lNтERlYlED!AтE LANGUAGE PRAстlсЕ Foreaсh question,сompletethe seсond sеntenсеso that it mеans the first, using no more than three words. a) Plеasеtakе a sеat. Would...Y!!4..Ш.t!Ld..taki.ng.. .. ..a sеat? Fruit juiсе wоuld bе bеttеrfor mе. I ................ ......... fruit I,d likе you to ъ'ait for mе. for mе, plеasе? Will you alloч'mе to lеavе thе room? ......thе room? I,d likе You to tuгn off thе tеlеvision. Cоuld . .......... ...... thе tеlеvision? Lеt,sgo foг a walk. for a walk? I promisе not to talk to Riсhard again. I ................ ......... to Riсhard Would you likе mе to hеlp you? ,) ;;;;;;;;;;;;";";.;;;;; vou? Would you ........... whеn thе planе arrives? i) Мy adviсe is to sееа doсtor. If I ............. I,dseеa doсtor. 5 Completeeaсhsеntenсеwith one suitablеword. More than one answermay be possiblе. a) I think уou .,.{'fuшl.d..... spе.,с morе timе on your homеwork. b) ..................... you hеlp mе сarrythеsеbags? с) Ехсusеmе. ..................... you tеll mе what strееt this is? d) What a tеrriblе noisеI .. you plеasеbе quiеt! е) ..................... go skatingtomorrow. f) Would you ........... tеlling mе what timе it is? g) Thanksfoтthе offецbut I,d ..................... stаyat homе. h) .....................you signyour namеhеrе,plеasе, sir? D ..you likе anothеr sliсе of pizza? i) Plеasе .. I lеavе the tаblе? 4 '"* b) с) d) е) o) 6/ h) 98
- 104. RеIativeсlauses Rеlativеpronouns Explanations Rеlativесlausеsarе short phrasesbеginningwith words likе rl'llo,tlшt and tуhiсh (сallеd,rеlativеpronouns,,)that dеfinе or dеsсribеpеoplе and things. Тhегеaте two typеs: r Defining rеlativесlausеs:Wеusе thеsеto idеntify еxaсtly whiсh pегsonoг thing wе mеan. Thе information is nесеssaryfor thе sеntеnсеto makе sеnsе. The doсtorwho treаted me told me not to worry. In this еxamplе thеrе is morе than onе doсtor аnd wе only know whiсh onе by thе rеlativе сlausе. r Non-dеfining rеlativе сlausеs:Wеusе thеsеto givе еxtra information. Тhе information is not nесеssaryfor thе sеntеnсеto makе sеnsе.Tо show this in writing Wеusе сommas. PаbloPiсаsso,who died iп 1973, wаs а pаiпterапd sculptor, l whiсh,thаt Whiсh rеfersto things and thаtrеfеrsto pеoplе and things. Thаt is morc сommon, еspесiallyin spеесh. The bus whiсh goesto Саiro lеаvesfrom hеre. The womаn thаt we spoketo8аvеuSdirectioпs. The roаd thаt ule tookled to ап апcienttemple. l who and уvhom Who and whom rеfеr to pеoplе. In formal spеесhand writing Wе сan :шse whominstеad of lцhowhеrе who is thе objесt of thе sеntеnсе(sееbеlow).Wе сan also usе tцlhom aftera prеposition. Howеvеr,this is bесoming lеssсommon and in modеrn Еnglish spеakеrsrarеly :use whom_ instеadthеy usе who or thаt. Thepeoplеwho live neхtdoormаkeа lot of noisе' Thepeoplethаt live neхtdoormаkeа lot of пoisе. It wаs thesаmeboywhom I metуesterdау' (,I,is thе subjесt,,Whom,is thе objесt) No onekпowsbу whom theviсtimwаs shot. (aftеrthе prеposition ,bу', bllt YеIy ralе in modеrn Еnglish.) No onekпowsulho theviсtim wаs shot by. (normal usagеin spеесhand writing) l whosе Whoseshows that somеthing bеlongs to somеonе. Thegirl whose саsеhаd beепstolenwепtto thepоliсеstсltiott. 99
- 105. .Ц ,l lNтЕRlvlEDlAтE tANGUAGЕ PRAстI(E Leavingoutthe relativepronoun Tо undеrstand whethеr you сan lеavе out the rеlativе pronoun yoщгiтst-iееa to look at whеthеr thе relativесlausеrefersto the subieсtot 9fuу{ct of thе sеntеnсе. A rеlativе сlausеthat теfегsto thе subjесtof thе sеntеnсe: The doctor who trеаted me told mе not to,worry. The doсtor(subjесt)treаtedme (obiect). A rеlativе сlausеthat refеrsto thе obiесt of thе sеntеnсе: The doctor that/whofuhom I spoke to told me not to worry. l (subiесt)spoketo thedoсtor(objесt). Wе сan lеavе оut the rеlativе pronoun in a dеfining rеlativе сlausе that rеfеrs to thе objесt. The doсtor I spoke to told me not to worry. Wе саnnot lеavе out the rеlativеpronoun in a dеfining relativесlausеthat rеfеrsto thе subjeсt. The doctor-who treаted me toldme not to worry. In a non.dеfining rеlativе сlausеwе must keеp thе rеlativеplonoun. Pаblo Piсаsso,who died in 1973, wаs а pаinter аnd sсulptor. Wе сan also lеavе out thе rеlativepronoun aftеr a superlativе. Thаt wаs the best meаI (thаt)I,veevereаtеп! 100
- 106. 1 GRAммAR 25 REtAтlvЕсtAUsЕs 1 Underlinethе сorreсtword in eaсhsentenсe. a) An old man, who/whiсhwas сarrying a suitсаse,knoсkеd at thе door. b) Тhe winnеr, whiсh/whose bikе was an unusual dеsign,Won a mеdal. с) Thе g1r|who/whiсhspokе to mе turnеd out to bе in my сlass. d) Тhе musеum, which/whose was in a bеautiful building, was сlosеd. е) A poliсеwoman thаt/whiсhwе askеdtold us how to gеt thеrе. f) Thе boу whose/whomhollsе I was staying at Wasan old friеnd. g) Thе last pеrson whiсh/whose pеn I borrowеd didn,t gеt it baсk. 2 Completе еaсh sentenсewith who,whoseor thаt. a) Thе friеnd ..'N.!зоsr....... housе I stayеdin is сoming to staywith us. b) Thе guidеbook ..wе bought еxplainеd еvеrything. с) Thе сouplе .. housе I bought both workеd in my offiсе. d) I,dlikе you to tеll mе ..................... you wеrеtalkingto. e) Тhе girl ..................... rulеrI had borrowеdwantеdit baсk. f) I сan,t rеmеmbеr .. I lеnt my bikе to. 8) Do you know .. Сathеrinе works for? 3 Deсidewhetherthе сlausеin itolics is Definingor Non-dеfining. Writе D or N nеxt to еaсh sentenсe. a) Thе git|who wаs wаitingwas bесoming impatient. b) Thе room' whiсhwаs епormous, was fillеd with linеs of сhairs. с) Thе studеnts, who werеlаte, waited in thе playground. d) Thе food which wаs lefrWasеatеn thе following day. е) A tall gir|,who wаs weаringа hаt, сame into thе room. f) Thе dog,whichwаs lуingon thesofа,had long pointеd еaгs. g) Thе train-whiсhleаvesаt 8.00 doesn,tstop at Bath. 4 Underlinerelativepronounswhiсh сan bе left out in thеsеsеntenGеs. a) Thе book that John was rеading was a bit frightеning. b) Thе tтavelagеnсywhiсh sold mе thе tiсkеt Wasnеar my offiсе. с) In thе еnd, our holiday was thе bеst that wе had еver had. d) Thе dеntist who I go to isn,t vеry еxpеnsivе. е) Thе film whiсh Wе sаWlast wееk was muсh bеttеrthan this onе. f) Thе pеoplе who werе lеaving сouldn,t find thеir сoats. g) Thе gardеn,whiсh wasn,tvеry largе,was full of flowеrs. 101
- 107. lNтER]vlЕDlAтE tANGUAGЕ PRAстlCЕ 5Rеwritееaсh formal sentenсeas an informal one, ending with thе *o.с ф"n. a) b) с) d) е) fl o o) h) Thеsеarе thе boys with whom I wеnt on holiday. .,'Тhнp,.g'r'e t.hp...hp.у.l...I..у'lplэl-'.q'у!.!ll!.idg.y..... ............... with. This is thе lеttеr foт whiсh I,vе bееn waiting. Tim is somеonе to whom I haгdly еvеr writе. for. Тhat is thе shop fгom ъ'hiсh Suе bought hет bikе. from. That is thе hotеl at $'hiсh I stayed. at. to. Do you know by whom this book was writtеn? ....by? Ravеnnawas thе most intеrеstingtown in whiсh wе stayеd. ;;,,;;;";;;;; ;;,;;";;;;;;;;;;;:;;" ,;;;; in ......... against. 6 Add a relativepronoun to eaсh sentenсе. a) Friday was thе last timе I sawJim. ...Г.ridgу''.w.q,r...t.hе..Lq{.t...&у!1&..thnt..I..,r'awJiш b) Thе island wе visitеd Wasеxtrеmеlybеautiful. с) Thе girl I mеt was a friend of Philip,s. d) Thе mеal wе atе wasn,t vеIy tasty. е) Gina was thе first pеrson I askеd. f) Thе book I rеad didn,t еxplain thе problеm. g) Тhе tеaсhег rvе usually har.е was away ill. ro2 h) Thе friеnds I mеt last night sеnd you thеiт lovе.
- 108. (ombining 5€ntenсes Rе|ativeсlauses with an -ingform Whаt as a reIative pronoun Explanations r Look at thеsеshort sеntеnсеs. А busgoesto Саiro. It leаvesfrom herе. A womаn teасhesus musiс.Sheаlsoplауs iп ап orсhеstrсl' We tookа roаd.It led to ап апcienttemple. We spoketo а womап.Shegаvеus dirесtions. Wе сan сombine thе sеntеnсеsusing rеlativе сlausеs. The bus thаt goеsto Саiro leаvesfrom here. Thewomаnwho teасhеs us musiсаlsoplауs iп ап orсhestrа. The roаd (thаt) we tookled to аn аnсieпttemple. The womаn (thаt) we spokеtogаveus directioпs. r Notе that artiсlеsoftеn сhangе (е.8.from а/аnto thе)whеn sеntеnсеsarе сombinеd. A girl,sссlsе-wсts stolen'Shеwentto thepoliсestсltioп. The girl whoseсаSewаSstoleпwentto thеpoliсеstаtioп. A doсtortreаtedme.Shetold me пot to worrу. The doсtorwho treаtedme told me пot to worrу. I spoketo а doсtor.Shеtold me пot to worry. The doсtorI spokеto told me not to worry. r Notе this сommon еIrOr: . Whеn wе сombinе sеntеnсеswе do not lеpеat thе subjесtby adding anothеr pronoun (Thebus ... it). Thе rеlativе сlausеoftеn has a сontinuous vеrb form: Сап аlI thestudeпtswho аre leаving tomorrowgive bасk theirbooks? I sentа саrdto thеgirl who-wаs living асrossthestreet. In this сasеWе сan lеavе out both thе rеlativе plonoun and thе уe'Jrl bе. Саn аIl thestudeпtsleаving tomorrowgivе bасk thеir books? I seпtа саrd to thegirl living асrossthestreet. We сan usе the rеlativе pronoun whаt to rnеaл the thiпg(s)thсlt. We didп,tuпdеrstапd whаt shesаid. Whаt I wсlпtnow is а сupof tеа. (=thе things that shе said) (=thе thing that I ^-ant) 103
- 109. lNтERпnЕDlAтЕ LANGUAGE PRACтIсE a) b) с) d) е) 0 s) Undеrlinethесorreсtword in eaсh sentenсe. a) Thе ttain whiсhhуho goesto Bfghton lеaves from hеrе. b) Thаt/Whaf I like bеst is an aftеrnoon at thе beaсh. с) I didn,t know who/ъ,hiсhto ask about my timеtablе. d) Thе pеоplе whiсh7vhose luggagеwas lost had to wait a long timе. е) Whеrе,s thе rulег vуhose/thаt I left on this desk? f) Thе shop whаt/thсt I wеnt to didn,t havе any milk. B) Oo you know whom/whose bag this is? h) Еvеryone ц,ho/.which was thеrе will геmеmbеr thе day forеvеr. i) Thе sесond bls, ulhiсh/ъ,hosе was full, didn,t stop eithеr. i) Jim was hеlpеd by someonе who/-whom told him thе answеr. Some sentenсeshave a word whiсh should not be thеre.Write thе word in the spaсe.lf the sentenсеis сorreсt put a tiсk (/). ti vеryangry. .'.r.L.w. Thе train whiсh it goеsto London lеavеsfrom here. Thе poliсеwoman who shе stoppеdme askеdmе my namе. Тhе Еiffеl Towеr,whiсh it Wasfinishеd in 1889,is madе of iron. Еvеryonе that Еlеna spokеto advisеdher to try again. Thе сhildтеn that they livе nеxt door aIе my friеnds. Thе man whose his сar had bееn damagedwas That was thе longеst film I,vееvеr seеn. 2 3 Rewriteeaсh pair of sentenсesas one sentеnсе,and inсludethe word in bold. Begin as shown, and make any neсessaryсhanges. a) We want to visit a musеum. It opеns at 1.2'oo. that Tt,е ..'!!0!|{.%lk..th+.t..уJ.9.'уу.g.цt...tp'..Yн'it..!P9у'у..'4 b) A boy,sbikе was takеn. Hе visitеd thе poliсе station. whosе Thе ........... с) A friеnd mеt ше at thе airport. Hе сaтriеdmy suitсasе. whо Тhе ............ d) Тom сookеd a mеal. It was dеliсious. that Thе........... е) A friеnd is staying with me. Shе сomes from Paris. who Thе............ 104
- 110. 4 GRAt|i|AR 26 REtAтlvЕсtAUsЕs 2 0 I found a man,swallеt. Hе gave mе a rеwaтd. whose The g) I go to a shop in thе сеntrе.It is сhеapет. that Thе h) I wеnt to a girl,sparty.Shе phonеd mе. whosе Thе i) I know somеonе.This pеrson likеs you. who I Put one word in еaсh spaсе,or tiсk (/) the spaсеif the sеntenсeis сorrесt. a) Wе sеnta prеsеntto thе сhildrеn .........{.'........ living nеxt door. b) Мikе doеsn,trеally know .. hе wants. с) I startеdtalking to somеboys .......... sittingby thе sidеof thе road. d) I askеdМary ......... shеwas thinking, but shеwouldn,ttеll mе. е) Thеrеwerеlots of pеoplеat thе palty ......... wе wеnt to. f) I don,t rеally know ..you,rе talking about. g) ..................... Wеnееdnow is a map and a сompass. h) Wе saw two rabbits .. playing in thе gardеn. 105
- 111. * L Yеs/Noquestions Wh-quеstions Question words as thеsubjeсt |.ltсlt do саts есlt? |-llo еаts sеt.tfood? (,сats, is thе subjесt) (,who,is thе subjесt, ,sеafood, is thе objесt) Explanations Quеstions with thе ans-ег|'еSot |1oarе formеd with an auxiliary vеrb + subjесt + rnain r'еrb. Тhе auхiliarу сan bе do, be, hауe ot a modal ver|э|ikе сап, will еtc. Prеsеnt simplе Dо уotl live ilt Prаgttе? | Pтеsеnt сontinuous Аrе уott sittiпg сotпfortаblу? l Prеsеnt pеrfесt Hоve уou evеr еаten oсtoptts? Past simplе Did уou phonе Sttе? Past сontinuous Were уou hаving а bаth? Past pеrfесt Hаd уou аlreаdу left? ссtlt/сottld Саn уou swim? Сould уou seе? ttlttst,Цlсtltе to ЬIust уou go? Do уou hоve to go? Wе сan also makе a quеstion with a quеstion wotd: whаt, why, wheп, who, whosе, whiсh and holry.Аftеr thе quеstion word wе usе thе samе stluсturе as a Yes/No quеstion: auxiliary vеrb + subjесt + main vеrb. Prеsеnt simplе When do you usuаIly leсше? Prеsеnt сontinuous Whаt аrе уou doiпg? Prеsеnt pеrfесt |Лrhуhаvе уou stopped? Past simplе How did уou feel? Past сontinuous Where wereyou living? Past pеrfесt Who hаd уou told? саn/сould Whаt ссtпI do? Where сould hе go? must/hаve to Whаt must I do? Whаt do I hауе to do? Somеtimеs thе quеstion word is thе subjесt of thе sеntеnсе. In this сasе wе do not usе do/does/did' Who did уou meеt iп Епglоtld? (,vou, is thе subjесt) Who met уoLlаt thе аirport? (,rvho, is thе subiесt, .r,ou,is thе obiесt) 106
- 112. Hе9ative qшestions Shoгtаnswеrs GRAмi|AR 27 QUЕsтIoNs1 A positivе quеstion сould havе a уeSot иo answеr. Do you like dogs? ) Yеs,I do' / No,I don,t' We usе nеgativеquеstionswhеn wе еxpесt thе answеrlt'ill bе llо. In soсial situationsthis makеsit easiеrfor the othеr pеrson tо rеplv politеlv. Сomparе: Do уou like Mехiсап food? ) No, пot reаllу (thе answеrsееmsvеry strong) Don't vou like Meхiсаn food? ) No, not reаIIу' (thе samе answеr Sееms morе politе) To makе a short answеrWеlеpеat thе auxiliary vеrb. Do you speаkFrenсh? Yes,I do. Hаve you seenthisftIm? No,I hаveп,t. Did you stау loпg? No, I didn,t. Will уou be lаte? No,I woп,t. Hаvе yougot а peп? Yes,I hаve. Cаn уou drive? No,I саn,t. IО7
- 113. !NтERмЕDlAтЕ LANGUAGE PRAст!сE Writеa questionfor еaсh answer. a) b) с) d) е) |{hд.t...t.iуlш..dp..Ypц...w.цл.L!у.g.e..t..*p'?. Gеt up? At about 7.З0usually. I was rеading Wаr апdPeасe. I wеnt thеrе to buy somе food. So far I,vеonly еatеnbrеakfEst. Now you havе to put it in tfiе ovеnl l Yеstеrday?I fеlt absolutеly {wful. I,m washing my hair. I сan,t talk, sorry. BесausеI havеn,t paid thе еlесtriсity bil1! My bikе? I lеft it at sсhool. Мy party? All my friеnds arе сoming. A family of thrее livеs nеxt door. I play with my littlе brothеr. Мrs Dawson tеaсhеsmе maths. I usually еat a sandwiсh for lunсh. Horror films frighten mе. I talk most to my friеnd Dina. I sit nеxt to Maria in Еnglish. Мusiс hеlps mе study. 2 Writе a shortanswеrfor eaсhquеstion,beginningas shown. a) Havе vou bееn ill long? b) Arе vou rтaiting for rnе? с) Did ,ou go to thе сinеma? d) Vill r.ou bе hеrе tomorгoи'? е) Did r'ou har.е to pav a lot? fl Сan уou hеlp mе with this problеm? 8) po yоu know lr'hеrе thе thеatrе is? h) Is Gеorgе going to bе thеrе? I hаvevъt No, Yеs, Yеs, Yеs, No, No, Yеs, No, 108
- 114. D-. )d. rst. lе rfц]. lrcог. hs. unсh. l- Тagquestions: form Тagquеstions: use Prеsеntsimplе Prеsеntсontinuous Prеsеntpеrfесt Past simplе Past сontinuous Pastpеrfесt саn сould should Explanations rA tag quеstion is a short phrasе at thе €ПC rrj ] stаtепlеnt that turns it into a quеstion. Tag quеstions arе formеd usiпg зuх1.iз11еs,.iо.l'е' llаt,еor a modal). A positive statеmеnt has a nеgati-еta.q.аrс r.:се-r.еise' Youspeаk Frenсh,doп,t уou? Youdoп,t speоk Frenсh,do уotl? r Hеrе aIе somе еxamplеs of tag quеstiоrrs s1 :,l".-.:{ d:ffеrеnt r.етbfотms and a mixturе of positivе and nеgativе ta.чs. ].liqLLlL !цi You dotl,t kllоrr гl;; .il:i..1 .r dо tоц? Wе,re аjol'i,i{ .lrir-iji.. |' .7rеп,t $e? Hе,s moуеd llоttst- ltаstt.t ltе? You didп,t tеIl ltir' сliсl lou? I wаsп,t drit'itt"1{z.;: rl rrs 1.' Shе hаdll,t ttlеt iilll: [i-":,.. hаd shе? Thеу ссttl,tL,еltсr. .':: саtt tltrl ? You сottldll,Г'-gll . l,:. 'i i:.;,:'i ссшld t otl? You shouldtt,Г ./г rl;'li sltoulсI lou? r Nеgativе tags: if Wе usе a nеgatitе tag'.е .:-.: .i.е з:l:.'l.tl lтili bе r'cs. А:You speаk Freпсh, don,t уou? B:Yes, thаt,Sright, I do' Thе intonation on thе tag сan еithеr risе -: :;.-: _ if it risеs thеn it is a rеal quеstiоn _ thе s:'еlsе: tS :.l,эt surе and nееds information. Тhе othеr pеIson rтil] с..l:.:...с s:еакing аttеrrтards. А:You speаk Freпсh, don,t уott? B:Yеs,thаt,srфt, Ido. Ileапrc,,llt/lii';'I..j.,:.ill;Fr'lttсеt+,ltеltIwаsаstudent. _ if it falls thеn it is iust a quеstion ft.: С.];]]::::3tion_ thе first spеakеr Wants to сhесk information and lгill с,:,:t:nuеspеaking aftеrwards. А:You speаk Freпсh, doп't уott B:Yes, thаt,s right, I do. А:Good, beсаusеwе needSoltlеotlеr'.lгr.;l;s/.lt.this emаil whiсh we,veiust rесeived. r Positivе tags:if Wе uSе a pоsitir-еta.qtе еpесt thе answеr wi||beno. А:You doп,t speаk FrепсLt,do l,ott? B: No, sorry,I doп,t' Thе intonation сan risе or fall just likе rтith a nеgativе tag. 109
- 115. lNтERмЕDIAтЕ LANGUAGE PRAстlсE Problemswith tags Replyquestions lndireсt questions r Thе tag for I оm is аrеп,t.Тhе tag for let,sis shаll. I,m а fool, аren,t I? Lеt,sgo to theсinemсl, shаll we? l Aftеr an impеrativе wе usе wil/уou?or won,tуou? Sitdown,will уou? Sitdowп,won,t уou? Thе imoerativе with bе a|so usеs wil/ ot won,t. Be quiеt,will уou? Bе quiet,-won,t уou? This is ап ordеr! Thе impеratir.е rvith ltсп,е a|so usеs tvill or woп,t' Hаvе сl sевt' v,on,t уou? Wе сan usе a shoгt quеstion to rеplу to what somеonе says. Wе do this to shoи- intеrеst, surprisе or unсеrtainty. The mеaning is likе ReаlIу? or Is thаt true? I'l,е ttеуеrеаtеп spаghetti. ) Hаveп,t уou? 1surprisе) Wе,re lеаviпg аt 6'00. ) Are we? (not surе) Thе rеply quеstion usеsan auхiliary vеrb likе a tag quеstion,but thеrе is no сhangе of positivе to nеgativе. r Wе сan bе morе politе by bеginning a quеstion with a short phrasеlikе: Сouldуoutellme '.. ? Do youknow...? r Thе word ordеr of an indirесt quеstion is likе a statеmеnt,not likе a dirесt quеstion. dirесt: Whеreis the post office? indirесt: Сould you tеll me wherethe post offiсe is? (NoT $fu+ibt]*pe'+ ф) dirесt: Wheп does the ftlm stаrt? indirесt Do you kпowwheпthe film stаrts? (NoТ фl l Yes/|'{o quеstiоns usе if dirесt: Is this theright street? indirесt: Do уou kпowif this is thеrightstrееt? 110
- 116. This unit alsoinсludеs furthеr praсtiсе for Gтammar27' Add a short answerto eaсh sеntenсе. a) Havе you еvеr bееn to Brazi|? b) Do you likе sausagеs? с) Arе you сoming to thе matсh tomorrow? d) Did Hеlеn phonе you today? е) HasJaсk donе his homеwork? 0 Сan Robеrt and Suе skatе? g) Will you bе latе? h) HasJuliе got a brothеr? i) Is that your housе? i) Did Janе givе you that book? Add a replyquеstionto еaсhsentenсе. a) Wе,vеgot a tеSttomorrow. b) I don,tundеrstandthis sеntеnсе. с) Fiona phonеd me last night. d) I don,t likе iсе-сrеam. е) Tom is lеaving tomorrow. f) Thеrе,sa poliсeman аt thе door. g) Lisa has iust had a baby. h) I havеn,t еatеn Сhinеsе food. i) Тhеrе isn,t any milk in thе fridgе. i) I mеt David in Franсе. Add a tag questionto eaсh sentenсе. ,. Wе'rеnеarlythere, ...I.Г9.!!.|..W 9....l You havеn,tgot a SpaIе P€П, ........... Yоu,tесomingto my party,......................... ? Youwon,tbе latе,........................' ? Harry,s fiftееn,......................... ? Katеand Pat live in Lееds,......................... ? GRAпnпnAR 28 QUEsтIoNs 2 ...I,.hду'eit ....Н.qу.e.'w.p.......... ? ? ? 7 ? ? ? ? No, a) b) с) d) е) 0 s) h) i) l) 111
- 117. 5 I I {|Ж INтERмEDlAтE tANGUAGЕ PRAстlсЕ 4Make a new sentenсеwith a tag questionwhiсh has the samе meaning as the first sеntenсe,beginning аs shown. Make any neсessaryсhanges. a) I,m surе that Paul doеsn,t like football. b) I,m сhесking that you,vе got a sistеr. You с) I don,t think thаt you,vе donе yоur homework! You d) l,m angrythаt you sаt nеxt to Еllеn! You е) I,m surpгisеd that thе guеsts havе aтrivеd. Тhе guеsts 0 I,m сhесking that yоur namе is John. Your namе 8) I'm surprisеdto mееt you and think that your namе might bе John. Your namе h) You,rесеrtain that you didn,t lеavеyour wallеt on thе dеsk. I i) You,rеsurprisеdthat William has got marriеd. William j) You,rесhесking that this book is by Мaтtin Aimlеss. This book Underlinethe best sеntеnсein eaсh сontеxt. a) Why did you forgеt your kеys! You arе silly! 1 I didn,t tеll you to forgеtthеm, did I? 2 I told you not to forgеtthеm. didn,t I? b) Ugh! I сan,t bеliеvе it! I,m surеthеy must tastеhorriblе! 1 You likе еating snails,don,t you? 2 You don,t likе еating snails,do you? с) If wе go to Brazil, wе might havе pтoblems with thе languagе. 1 You spеak Portuguese' don,t you? 2 You don,t spеakPоrtuguеsе,dо you? d) I told you to kееp thе paтtУa sесrеt.It,ssupposеdto bе a surprisеfor Stеlla. So, I just want to mаkе surе. 1 You didn,t tеll hеr, did you? 2 You told hег,didn,t you? Т12
- 118. GRAtliiAR 28 QUEsтloNs е)Well, Mr Robinson, I think it,s timе you tоld thе poliсе thе trrrth.You sее, wе,vеfound your fingеrprints on thе murdеr wеapon. 1 You didn,t murdеr Lord Chumlеy, did you? 2 Yott murdеrеd Lord Chumlеy, didn,t you? 0 only two minutеs to the еnd of thе matсh and Unitеd aгеstill 5_1 in thе lеad. lt looks сеrtain now. 1 Unitеd arеn,tgoing to win, aгеthеy? 2 Unitеd arе going to win, arеn,tthеy? g) I havеn,t sееAnn for agеs.Shе,sworking abroad I think. 1 Shе,sgot a job in Franсе,hasn,t shе? 2 Shе hasn,t got a job in Franсе,has shе? h) I just сan,t answerthis quеstion. It would bе niсе to havе somе hеlp. 1 You сould hеlp mе, сouldn,t you? 2 Yol; сouldn,t hеlp me, сould you? Rewriteeaсhquestion,beginningas shown.Do not сhangethe meaning. a) What,s thе timе? Сould youtеll ^" ...W lvlt..th..,t.уue-.H.?..'....'....' b) What dоеs this mеan? Do you know ......... с) How muсh does this сost? Сould you tell mе '........... d) What timе doеs thе musеum opеn? Do you know ......... е) Am I in thе right sеat? Сould you tеll mе ............ f) Whеrе,sAshаm Strееt? Do you know ......... g) Is this ТrafalgarSquarе? Could you tell mе ............ h) Whеn doеs this bus lеavе? Do you know ......... 6 113
- 119. I Introduсing nеw information Referringbaсk Rеferring toa plaсe it's and ifs thеу,rе and thеir r Wе сan alsousе ir to a:-^- l^-,- l^r тImе5'oa-s'oatеS: thе rr'еathеr: opinions: adjесtivеs: It looks likе: Explanations r Wе oftеn usе thеreto introduсе nеw information. Typiсal struсturеsarе: somеthing еХists: Thеre аre mаnуpossibilitiеs. somеthing happеns: There,sа footbаllmаtсheverуSаturdау. numbег or amount: There аre twelvestudents iп this сlаss. modals: Thеre сould/mау/shouldn,t bеа problеm. Tlrcrеsееttts/сlРРеаrs to be: There seems/аppeаrs to be а mistаke. It seеms/аppeаrs: introduсе nеw information. Typiсal stluсturеsarе: It,s onеo,сloсk'It,s Tuesdаy. It,s rаiniпg.It rаiпеdаll пight. It wаs а diffiсultсhoiсe. It,s strаnge thаt we,vепеvеrspokeпbеforе, It looks like thesuп is goiпgto сomeout this аftеrпooп. It seеms/аppeаrs (thаt) our nеw teасheris |аne. l Notе thеsеstruсturеswith look,seemand аppeаr. Look is usually followеd by аs if +subjесt+vеrb, ot bу likе +noun phrasе. It looks аs if Саrol hаs woп.She looks like а rеаIсhаmpioп. Seemand аppеаrarеfollowеd bу (thаt)+ subjесt+vеrb. It seems(thаt) theBrсlziliаnsаregoingto wiп. It аppeаrs (thоt) oneof thесustomеrsсаllеd thеpoliсe. If rеfеrsbaсk tо somеthing alrеadymеntionеd. Thereis а shopаt theeпdof thеstreet.It is openеverydау. Notiсе in this еxamplе how thе nеw information is introduсеd with thеrе. Thеreсaл rеfеrto a plaсе. А fаmouswritеrusedto liуе therc' Who is thсltovеrtherе? If,sis a сontraсtion of it is or it hаs'1rsis thе possеssivеform of if. I Iikеtllis llotеI.It,s (=it is) сotnfortаblе апd its restаurаnt is good. It,s =it has)lot a lo,el!, slt'imпiпg-pool, too' Thа''rеis a сontгaсtion of tllq, аrе.Тhеiris thе possеssivеform of theу. .сllо' сltldDolttiliquе llаt,eаrтived. Theу,rebothweоriпgthesаmedress! Аsktllеlttto lеаl,etheir сoаtsiп thehаll. 174
- 120. 1 GRAluпnAR 29 ,ТAND т,|ERE Undеrlinethе сorreсtword in eaсhsentenсe. a) Arе thеir/thеtrany еggsin thе fridgе? b) It,s/Its rеally сold this morning. с) Petеr saуsthey,re/there arriviлg at about 5.00. d) I likе this bikе btlt its/it,swhееls arеtoo small. е) |s there/theу,re anуbodу their/therе? f) It,s/Its a pity wе missed thе opеning of thе film. g) Patriсk and Bridgеthavе sold thеir/theу,re housе. h) What a lovеly dog. What,s it,s/itsname? Put it or thеrеin eaсh spaсe. т-L a) ...!.I(у.o:?.... iSa trееin thе gardеn.,,.!:...''.... is an applеtrее. b) ................ looksasif ................ is goingto rain. с) ................ is strangе that ................ arеno Iеstaurants in this town. d) .Who,sthat at thе door?,,................ is only mel, е) ,Whiсh housеis yours?,,..'............. is thе onе at thе еnd of thе strееt., 0 sееmsto bе somеthingundеr thе сupboard,but what is g) ................ appеars that ................ Wasnobody whеn I phonеd. 3 Rewriteeaсhsentenсе, endingas shown,so that it hasa similarmeaningto the first sentenсe,and so that it сontains it or therе. a) Nеаr thе hotеl is a small rеstaurant. .|here ts а sуиаLlraЁацrаnt b) You Wеnt to Thailand for your holiday too, whiсh is strangе. for your holiday too. с) Мy road has a big trее at thе еnd of it. d) Brian sееms to havе lеft. road. has lеft. todar-. tо Budapеst' toгсh. lost againl 115 е) Today is rеally сold! f) Budapеstis a long way from hеrе. g) Your torсh hasn,t got any battеriеsin it. 2 nеar thе hotеl. to Thailand h) Wе appеarto bе lost again!
- 121. in, inside, out, outside Expressionswith in Expressions with on сountriеs сitiеs strееts roads transport .сhair' ,tе1еr-ision, ,lтall, iniilгiрq .lрft,/,тioht' ,sidе, .pavеmеnt, Еxplanations r1n dеsсribеs somеthing сontainеd by somеthing еlsе. Therе аrе sottlесllps iп tltсltсцpboаrd. Insidе has thе samе mеaning but is usеd foг еmphasis. Lttсkill, tltеrеу,t.ts ttobod1'itlside the burпiпg housе. l Оцt mеans,arr.ar- from thе insidе'and also.not in thе plaсе whеre you usuallv аrе,. Сlosе tltеdоor ottt,ourw,сtу out' I,tttsorтl',Kаtе,s ttot hеrеright пow. Shе,sout. (= shе,s not at homе) ОtLtsidе mеans ,out of a partiсulaг room or building' but still nеar it,. Kаtе,s outside iп the gаrdeп' I,Il just саlI hеr. Тhеrе arе Inany еХprеssions wtth iп. This is a sеlесtion. Notе that somеtimеs thе dеfinitе artiсlе fЙeis not usеd. Mу pаreпtsаrеiп Саnаdа аt themomeпt. (no artiсlе) Mу sisterliуesin Mаdrid. (no artiсIе) [асklivеsin Gаrden Aveпuе. (no artiсlе) Shewаs wаlkiпgin the roаd, not oп thepаvement. .thе mirror, Тony сould seе his fасе iп the mirror, .holе/сraсk in, There wаs а hole in mу shoe. .hand, Еllеп hаd сl buпсh of flowers in oпe hапd. .armсhair, She sаt iп аn аrmсhаit,. .thе сountry, Pсlul апd Mоry live iп the сouпtry, not iп the сitу. hospital Sаllу is iII апd is iп hospitаI. (no artiсlе) prison Keith stole Somemonеу апd eпded up iп prisoп. (no artiсlе) oи dеsсribеs a thing touсhing thе suгfaсе of anothеr thing. Doп,t leаvе уour bоg on the f7oor. Thеrе,sа photogrаph of Loпdoп oп tl.tеwаll. Тhеrе arе manY ехDгеssionswith oп. Тhls is a sеlесtion. Тlrcrе*'еrеfa+, pаsseltgеrs oп the plапe/bus/trоiп' SItе sсltott а сhсlir. |.ltаt's on television/the rаdio this evening? Lеt's ltс-tttg tltis piсfire on thоt wаIl. Tiltt сtttltis foot oп a pieсe of glаss. Tlrcrе'sа сitlеltlсlon the left. Tltеrеоre smаIl hoцsesoп this sidе of thе strеet, Sltеwсlswаlkiпg iп the roаd, not on the pаvemeпt. 116
- 122. at,in or to? Ехprеssions with @t obovе/bеloщ avеr/under nехtto/bеsidе, nеor/bу .thе bеginning,/,thе еnd, ,thе fгont,/,thе baсk, ,sсhool, ,homе, 'work' GRAмtvtAR 3o PLAсE AND PoslтloN l At and in areboth usеd to dеsсгibе a реrson,s position. Аf shows a gеnеral loсation at a point or plaсе. In is usеd rгith thе namе of a сontainеr, plасе or arеa to show that somеonе or somеthing is insidе it. Study thеsе еxamplеs. We met аt the аirport, ithе plaсе in gеnеral) Wе met in the аirport buildiпg. rinsidе thе building) I,ll seeyou аt the сiпemа. thе plaсе in gеnеrаl) I,ll seeуou in the сinemа. iпsldе thе building) We аrrivеd аt Prаgue Airport. tlrе ptrасеi We аrrivеd in Prague. ihе сitl' l Тo is usеd with vеrbs of mоtion. Lаst пight we.went to the сinemа. Сould you tаke this letter to thе post сlfil-;г"7 I seпt a pаrсel to mу sister. Thеrе arе many еxprеssions with сf. This is а sеlеL.-iiо]]a:r.l notе thаt somеtimеs thе dеfinitе artiсlе fhe is not usеd. l Abovehelow mеan.highеr/lowеr than'. Тhеr.саг'зе usеd rгithоut an objесt. You сап see the top of the tower аboуe thе trееs" From thе mountаin, I сould seе tltе Iаkеbеlotl " Оvеr/undermеan,dirесtly abovе/bеlorr.'. Тhеl.-L'':'tLl The аIien spасeship hoveredover the buildiпg" I kеepmy suitсаse uпder mу bеd. s Оver сan also bе usеd likе ,aсross,oг .соr-ег[пs. There is а footbridgeover the motonуа|. Therе wаs а plastiс sheetover thе ltolе ill Гlт;. rогt. l Neхtto andbesidеmеan,еxaсtlyat thе sidеоf'. Bеsiсlе сan bе morе formаl. Mаriа sitsпeхt to Pаulа' Сomеаnd sitbesideШrcon thеsoftl. l Neаrmеans,сlosеto,.By mеan .atthе sidеof . and is oftеnusеdin dеsсriptionsof rooms. Tom,shouseis nеаr thesportsсе|ltrе. Therewаs а tаblebу thewitldolt'.Hе l+,аs stсltldiпgby thedoor. We hаd а holidаупeаr thеseа. (сlosеto thе sеa- a few kilomеtrеs away) l oppositemеans .еxaсtlyon thе othеr sidе of, a spaсе. Thereis а bаker,s oppositeourhousе' There,sсtСt-tfё аt the old t*':tl,lе strееt, Do уott sit сlt tllе fтaпt ,:rаt the bасk of the сIаss? |ohп istt't сlt sсl.tоol' (no aгtiсlе) Hе,s сlt ltotttе. (no artiсlе) Мr Kittgrr.z.sli Гсt rrоrk if-ii.r.l.?l. {no altiсlе) пееc an obiесt. (=aсross) (= сovеring) oppositе t1.7
- 123. r ll lNтERш|ЕDlAтE LANGuAGЕ PRAстlCЕ 1Underlinethe сorreсtword in eaсhsentenсe. a) Theгe'sa small shop at/bythе еnd of thе road. Lr)Paula was standing oп/withonе foot. с) Lauтa has movеd аt/toBarcе|oлa. d) Don,t wa|kаt/inthе road! It,sdangеrousl e) From thе planе wе сould sееthе mountains below/under. f) Brian spеnt his holiday аt/iп Hungary. g) Whеn thе horsе сamе to a small Stlеamit jumpеd аboуe/oуer it. h) Julia,shousе is аt/oпthе othеr sidе of thе strееt. D Lisa сut hеr foot аt/oпsomеbrokеn glass. j) Tim was sitting iп/oпan armсhair. lf thе word undеrlinеd is not аppropriate,writе a new word in the spaсe.тiсk (/) the spaсеif the word is сorreсt. a) Janе,ssistеrhas a iob at Мanсhеstеr Airport. b) I mеt David yеstеrdayф thе сity сеntrе. с) Еllеn had a largеholе at hеr lеft boot. d) Jaсk sits in thе baсk of thе сlass. е) Thеrе was a small tablе at thе bеd. f) Thе robbеrwas holding a gun in onе hand. g) Thеrе was a bеautiful portrait hanging at thе wall. h) William didn,t fееl wеll and his doсtor sеnt him to hospital. i) Thе сhildrеn usually sit at thе baсk sеatof thе сar. j) To rеaсh our villagе wе takе a road abovе thе mountains. 3 Complеteeaсhsentеnсewith one suitab|е prеposition. a) Мaria tivеs...ilt.. BеllinghamRoad. b) Can you put thе platеsbaсk .......... thе shеlfplеasе? с) Plеasеdon't stand ..your dеsks! d) I,d rеally likе to livе .. thе сountry. е) Go down this strееt,and you,ll sееthе сinеma .. thе right. f) Тhе poliсе sеarсhеdthе building but thеrеWasno onе ............ g) I rnеtAnna ......... thе bus yеstеrday. h) Soгry,Gеoгgеisn,thетеat thе momеnt. Hе,s........... i) Aliсе wants to know what's .. tеlеvision this еvеning. i) Just as Tom aгтivеd .. thе bus stop,the bus lеft. 2 118
- 124. 4 GRAi'llttAR 3O PLAсЕAND PoslтloN CompIеtеeaсhsеntenсewith one suitableprеPosition. Thе statuе washoldinga sword..'Lw.'',,.'',,.'.. onе hand. What,son ..................... thе сinеmathis wееk? Whеn I look .. thе mirror, I don,t rесognizеm}.sеlfl What havе you got ..your bag? Pеtе fоund somеonе,swallеt .. thе pavеmеnt. My family movеd from thе сountry .. thе сity. You,vеgot a small hole ........... your pullovеr. Thе burglar сlimbеd .. thе fеnсе and into thе gardеn. UnderIine the сorrесt word or phrasе in еaсh sеntenсе. a) Karеn is living аt/fuLondon Strееt. b) Мaggiе sits bу/nехt fo Sally in thе physiсs сlass. с) I want to sеnd this lеttеr аt/to Btazil'. d) Whеn I opеnеd thе box, thеrе was nothing in/iпside. е) Еxaсtly bу/oppositethе сinеma, thеrе,s a rеally good rеstaurant. f) Wе had a holiday in a small villagе bу/пeаr Montе Сarlo. g) Paula lay down аt/oп the floor to do hег еxеrсisеs. h) Wе had a lovеly mеal in/oп thе planе. Complete eaсh sentenсе with one suitabIe preposition. Byе for now. I,ll sее you .,'4t.............. sсhool tomorrow. Wе put a blankеt .. thе injurеd man to kееp him warm. It's not far. Wе,rе gеtting Wе found oul сat hiding .. a сar. Daniеl hung his сoat ........... thе baсk of a сhаir. I dесidеd to go to thе shops .. my bikе. What timе is thе nеws .. thе radio? I dесidеd to visit my grandmothеr .'....... hospital. a) b) с) d) е) 0 8) h) 5 6 a) b) d) е) ) су o, h) t79
- 125. Underlinе the соrreсtword or phrase in eaсh sentеnсe. а) Wе aттivеd еarly, sо thсlt tvе/!17-9цlg1_to gеt tiсkеts. b) It wаs too/eпoughlong tо wait, so Wе Wеrrt homе. с) Tim and Неlеn havе arгivеd, and theу,re/there waiting outsidе. d) Thе boу whiсh/wltosebikе I borrowеd had forgotten about it. е) Wе wеnt to thе bеaсh for/so thаt a swim. f) Ann fеlt lonеlv beсаusе/sono onе had invitеd hет to thе party. g) Despitе/АItllougll I fеlt tirеd, I workеd until latе. h) Wе spеnt a lovеly holiday in/into thе сountry. i) Yеstеrdaу was so/suсh сold that I stayеd at hornе. j) Hoтvevеr/h spitе of the rain, wе wеnt for a walk. 2 For eaсhquestion,сompletethе sесondsentenсeso that it mеansthe samеas the first,usingno morethan threewords. Although it was latе, wе dесidеd to go foт a walk. It was tate....h4L..уlg...d.*.цded......... to go for a walk. John is somеonewith whom I usеd to work. John is Somеone I ................ ....... with. Thе еxarnWasso diffiсult that I сouldn,t finish it. It was ....diffiсult еxam that I сouldn,t finish it. Although it was raining, wе workеd in thе gardеn. Dеspitе ...., Weworkеdin thе gardеn. Lеt,sspеnd thе aftеrnoon at thе bеaсh. How .......... thе аftеrnоonat thе bеaсh? Ann,s housе has got four largеbеdrooms. ....four largеbеdroomsin Ann,s housе. We might fееl hungry, so wе,ll takе somе sandwiсhеs. Wе,ll takе sоmе sandwiсhеsso that wе ....hungry. h) Тhе сat hasn,t сomе homе, whiсh is strangе. ;";;;:;;;; ;;;;.;; ;; ;".*:'::;сat hasn,t сomе homе. Нaтrv hasn,t got .......... to go on holiday. Whеrе,s thе National Мusеum? Would ....tеlling mе whеrе thе National Мusеum a) b) с) d) e) fl с') o/ r) l) tzo
- 126. GRAммAR 31 сoNsoLlDAтIoN3 3 Deсidеwhiсh answеr(A, B, с or D) bestfits eaсhspaсе. A саseof mistаkenideпtiф Whеn Diana got off thе train, () ',.,0..... Wasa Womanrтaltingfor hеr (2)'.'.,,...'. thе platform.,(3) ........... ?, shеaskеd.,(4)...........a сaгltaitingfor you (5) .,Diana Wasnot vеry surprisеd,(6) shе thоught thаt hеr auntmusthavеbееn(7)..........' busytо mееthеr (8).......... thе Station. (9)........... shеdid not rесognizе thе Woman,(10)........... wasdrеssеd r.еlr' formally,and had a smallbriеfсasе (11).....'.....hеr arm,shеwas (|2l '.''',.'''. tirеd aftеrthе journеythat shеwas happy to 8еt (13)........... thе сar.Тhе Woman,(14)........... , just saida fеwwords to thе drivеr,and thеn walkеdarтar-. Diana wоndеrеd(15)........... shеwas..It,sstrangеthat shе didn,t еvеn introduсе hеrsеlf,,shе thought. 1) A who 2) A bеlow З) A You Diana, arеyou 4) A Thеrе's 5) A out 6) Aso 7) Aso 8) Aat 9) A Howеvеr 10) A shе 11) A at 1z) ^еnough 13) A with 14) A howеvеr 15) A whеthеr B thеrе Bto B You,rеDiana, isn't it B Thеirs Bin B dеspitе B too Bto B Sinсе B who Bin Bso Bby B dеspitе B thеrе D Although D whosе Dbv D vеry D into D in spitеot D hoи'еr.еr С whosе Сon С Arе you Diana D You arеn,t Diana С Its D lt,s С insidе D outsidе Ctoo Das С еnough D vеry Сin Dfor С In spitе of С and C undеr С tоo Cat С although С who Dit Din 4 Complеte eaсh sеntenсе with onе suitable prеposition. Thеrе was anothеr Woman (a) ...9.k..,.......... thе bus, and Katе sat (b) ......'.............. hеr and startеdсhatting. Shе said shе was going (с) ..................... ForbеsRoad too. ,I,vеgot an intеrviеw (d) .. ..'...''a plaсе сallеd Мurсott Housе,,said Katе. ,Isit (е) .. thе bus stО!] it s not far' It,s(0..................... thе right (g) .. thе еnd оf thе st:ееt''thе Woman rеpliеd. ,In faсt, Ilivе (h) .. . Whеn ] 1ооk .эu: Оr Il-t- windoщ I сan sееpеoplе working (i) ........... 'hеn t:еl- аrril-еd (j) ..................... thе stop, thеy got off and walkеd uр thе strееttogеthеr. rz7
- 127. lNтERlvlЕDlAтE tANGUAGЕ PRA(тlсE Whatwould you sayin thesеsituations? a) You Warrtto know if Andrеw hаs еvеrbееn to Amеriсa. Ask him. b) You Want to know if Andrеw has еvеr bееn tо Amеriсa. Ask Amanda. l-{аs Аn.drewevor beе.w ta АуиerLcа? с) You Want to know if Rita likеs rap musiс. Ask Isabеl. d) You Want to know if Rita likеs rap musiс. Ask hеr. е) You Want to know if Nigеl еnjoyеd thе film. Ask him. 0 You want to know if Nigеl еnjoyеd thе film. Ask Pеtra. lbu rvаnt to know if Maria is going to London nехt su[rmеr.Ask hеr. You rvant to know if Мaria is going to London nеxt summеr. Ask Patriсia. Yоu tтаnt to аsk Patriсia if vou сan borrow hеr mobilе phonе. Ask hеr. You want tо ask Patriсia if shе сould lеnd you hеr mobilе phonе. Ask hеr. ol ё| hr i) i) 6 Completeeaсhsеntеnсe,usingthе verb givеnwhеre neсessary. a) ,(havе 1ot)'...Y.Q.+.Y93a.t.''...,, a book, havеn,tyou?, .Yеs,thanks., b) .Thеy,ll bе baсk by 6.00' ?, .I ехpесtso., с) .(go) ....for a rтa1k,sha1lwе? .Good idеa!, d) ,You (lеavе) .'.. now, arе you? Stay a bit longеr., ,Sorry,I сan,t. I havе to сatсh thе bus., е) Jim and Sara havе sееn thе fi1m, .. ?, .YеS,I think so. 0 ,You сan mееt Hеlеn at thе statlon, ....?' .Yеs,of сoursе I сan., g) ,(bе) ....hеrе yеstеrday,wеrе you?, .No, I wasn,t., h) .You don,t happеn to know thе timе, ....?, ,Sorry,I don't.' i) .Both drivеrs Wеrе driving too fast, .... ?' ,Yеs,that,s right.' ') ,You (fоrgеt)................ ....... thе milk, did you?, ,No. Hеrе it is., t22
- 128. GRAмlt{AR 31 (oNsoLlDAтloNз Rewritеeaсhpair of sentеnсes as one sеntenсе.Do not сhangеthе meaning. a) Suе rеad a book. Shе rеally еnjoyеd it. whiсh Suе ...Г9Д,.8(...?!..b.a,ak'.w.Lу,Lсb..'thr"..r9.4.l,LY........ еnjoyеd. b) Somе friеnds visitеd mе. Thеy brought rnе a prеsеnt. who Thе friеnds prеSеnt. I stayеdin a hotеl. It was сhеapеrthan this onе. that Thе hotеl this оnе. I borrowеd a friеnd,sbikе. Hе wantеd it baсk. whоsе Тhе ............ . baсk. I saw thе vasе in thе shop. I wantеd to buy it' that I wantеd .....shop. A girl singsin thе group.Shе,sgot grееnhair. who Thе girl grееnhair. I mеt a girl. Неr brothеr is in rny сlass. whоsе . сlass. Wе,rеtaking thе train. It lеаvеsat 4'З0. that Thе train . at 4.ЗО. A man knoсkеd at thе door. Hе was sеlling brushеs. who Thе man brushеs. I saw a film with Lukе. It was intеrеsting. whiсh Тhе film intеrеsting. с) d) е) ol 6/ h) j) |2З
- 129. lNтERrиЕDlAтЕ tANGUAGE PRAстlсЕ 8Look сarefullyat eaсh line. Somе lines are сOrrесtbut some have a word whiсh shouldnot be thеre.тiсk (/) eaсhсorreсtIine.lf a line hasa word whiсh should not be therе,writе the word in the spaсe. А cаseof mistоkenidеntitу Aftеr a few rninutеs, thе сaг stoppеd in front of a largе hotеl. Thе drivег who opеnеd thе door, and said, .Рlеasеfolloъ'mе., Тhеy lt'еnt up in to a lift. Thеn thеrе was a long сorridor with two or thrее doors. Although it sееmеd stlangе so that thе сar hadn,t takеn hеr to hеr aunt,s housе, Diana who wasn,t surprisеd. Hет aunt, rтho shе n'as vеIy riсh, оwnеd sеvеral largе hotеls, и.hiсh shе oftеn stayеd in thеm. I supposе shе fеlt so muсh borеd at homе that shе dесided to stay hеrе. ,Рlеasе you Wait hеrе, will you?, said thе drivец and disappеarеd into a room at thе еnd of thе сorridor. Тhеrе sееmеd to bе a lot of pеoplе that in onе of thе Iooms. Thеn thе drivеr, who hе hadn,t bееn gonе lоng, сamе baсk at and askеd Diana to follow him. Thеy wеnt into a largе room full of pеople, who all startеd сlapping. Тhеrе was a postеr that it said, .Diana Harris, Supеrmоdеl.' ,oh dеar,, said Diana, ,I think so thеrе,s bееn a mistakе!, 2...w.hq, 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ..................... 10 11 12 13 ..................... 14 ..................... 15 ..................... 16 ...................". t7 ..................... Problem сhесk Chесk thе different usеsof so,too and enoughin Grammar 22. When do we usе 50 and such? Cheсk the diffеrеnсes bеtween olthough,howeverand dеspitе/inspitеof in Grammar23. Can you add any more еxpressionsto thе list of funсtions in Gramar 24? How importantis the intonatlonof your voiсein soundingpolitе? What do you sayin similаrsituationsin your Ianguagе? Сheсkin Grammar25 for when you сan leavеout re|ativе pronouns. Cheсk in Gгammar29 for the mеaning of thеу,rе, thеirand thеrе. Chесk in Grammar 30 for thе differenсesbetwеen ot' in and to. rz4
- 130. 'l rld 125 on and qt :еlationto today :аrts of yesterday, :эday and :Эmorrow I alendar .еferenсes эr,sinсe and аgo уestеrdаy morпiпg this morпiпg tomorrow morпiпg уestеrdау аftеrпooп this аfterпooп tomorrowаfterпоoп lаstпight toпight tomorrow пig|tt I stttdiеd Frеttсltfor fl+o I еаrs I,ve bееtt11'.?irii;.. sitlсе З.З0' I kllеlу t|trttсlgеs tlgo! Еxplanations tin Yеars Мonths Sеasons Parts of thе day .oп Days of thе wееk Spесial days lаt Тimеs of thе day ,thе wееkеnd, Holiday pеriods Меals Parts of thе day: 5 Sеptеmbеr thеdау bеforе уеstеrdау 6 Sеptеmbеr yеstеrdау 7 Sеptеmbеr todау 8 Sеptеmbеr tomorrow 9 Sеptеmbеt thedауаftertomorow iп 1999 in |апuаrу in thesummer iп thеmorпiп g/аftеrпoon/еvепiп g on Wedпеsdaу, on Fridауmorпiпg on mу birthdау,oп Сhristmсls Dоу аt 4.00, сlt middау, аt midпight аt the weеkeпd сlt С hristmrls/Еt;t stеr аt breоkfсlst/luпсh/diпner .night, аt пight r In thе UK pеoplе saу thе seуепthof Sеptеmberot Sеptеmbеrtlrc sц'еlttjl' Pеoplе wtite 7 Septеmbеror 7th Sеptеmbеror Sеptеmbеr7th. Full datеs arе writtеn DaylМonthlYeat 7/9/0З. l In thе US pеoplе saу SеptеmbеrSеуerland writе Septеtпbеr7. Full datеs arе writtеn Мonth/DaylYеar: 9/7/0З. Wе usе for arrd siпсеlуith thе prеsеnt pеrfесt tо talk abol.rttllilе' i ' :еiегs tо а оеriod of timе aлd sinсe rеfеrs to whеn it startеd. I,vеlivеdhеrefor siх уeоrs. I,vеlivеdhеrеsiпce 2oo1. Аgomеans,bеforеthе prеsеnt, Wе аrriуеd|Ive hours аgo.
- 131. I .: ir &. lNтERMЕDlAтE LANGUAGE PRAстlсE duringorfofl by or untiP During and for arеboth used to talk about pеriods of time. Duriпg answеrsthе quеstion ,Whеn?,.Лoranswеrsthе quеstion ,How long?,. I didn,t feelnervousduring thepеrformапсe. Theperformаnсelоstedfor forф-f|vemiпutes. By means .on or bеforе,.Until mеans .up to,. We,llbe therebу 6,oo. I wаitеdforАleх uпtil 6.oo, аnd thenI lеft' Pleаsegivemeуourhomеwork bу Frtdау. I,ll beаwаyuпtil Fridау. (pеrhapsеarliеr) (allthе timе up to 6.00) (Thursdaywould bе finе) (all the timе up to Friday) on timе or in timе? oncе and onе dау now and nowаdауs thеn,oftеrwords, аftеr and lаter ot the end, in thе еnd and ot lost oп timemеans .atthе right timе,.In timemеans,with еnough timе to do somеthing,. Theplаne tookoff eхасtlуoп time. We аrrivedin time to hсшeа meаl beforetheplаne left. Оnсemеans,at onе timе in my lifе, and only rеfеrsto thе past. Опedаy сaл rеfеrto thе past or thе futurе. Оnсe I owned а motorbike. Опe dау I wаs tлlаIkingthroughthe towпсeпtrewhеnI met|ill. Оne dау I,ll be fаmous! Now mеans .at thе prеSеnttimе, or ,immеdiatеlу,.Nowаdауsalso mеans ,at thе prеsеnttimе, and is usеd to makе a strong сontrastWith thе past. Peterusedto live in Rome,but пow he,sliviпg iп Floreпсe. Youhауetoftnish...Now/ Nowаdауs peopleаrenot аspoliteаs theуusedto be. Notе that thе word ,aсtually,in Еnglish doеs not mеan ,at thе prеsеnttimе,. It mеans.in faсt,or .rеally,.This is a сommon mistakе. Theп and аfrеrwаrds arе similar. Thеn is usеd likе .nеxt, in a sеquеnсе, аfterwаrds is usеd likе .at a latеr timе,. Аfrerwаrds сan сomе at thе еnd of thе sеntеnсе. We went to the сiпemа, аnd theп we hаd сtpizzа. We went to the сiпеmа, аrld оfterwоrds we hаd а pizza. We went to thе сinemщ aпd hаd а pizzсt оfterwаrds. Аftеr is usually followеd by an objесt. After the film we hаd а pizzа. After thаt we ууeпthome. Lаter mеaпs,aftеr somе timе,. ,[rs|rltttеs ist't,tlrcrе сlt tllе tпonlent. Сап you сome bасk lаter? Аt tlrcelld rеfеrs to a point in timе. Аt the епd of tlrc film wе аll сried. Itl tllе еtld mеans .aftеr a lot of timе, or еventually,. Wе wсtitеd for Тim for аgеs, аnd in the eпd we lеfr. Аt lсlst makеs a сommеnt that wе arе plеasеd a long wait has еnded. At lаst,we саn bе togеther! t26
- 132. I r) tg. GRAIulvlAR 32 тlrilEExPRЕssloNs Underlinethe сorrесtword or phrasеin еaсhsеntеnсе. a) I mеt Тina а dаy/onе-dоу last wееk. lэ) Iп thesedаys/I'trowаdс|ys еvеrУonеsееmsto wаtсh toо muсh tеlеvision. с) This morning/The morniпgI was busу in thе gaг.dеn. d) Wе havе to finish this pтojесtbу/ttпtilthе еnd оf thе lтееk. е) Byе. I,ll sееуou thedаy аftertomorrolr'/tltс llе'tf'J.i... f) Duriпg/Whilethеfilm I rеmеmbегеd rтhегеI.dlешпr-kеr-s. g) John playеd tеnnis, aпd аfter/аfrerwсlrds had а shоrtег. h) Hеlеn,sbirthday is in/oпJanuary 1Oth. Complеtethe seсondsentenсeso that it hasa similаrmеапiпgto thе first sentenсe. a) Wе had lunсh, and aftеrwards wе wеnt foт а соffее. Aftеr ....W9. h4!d./.И4.q(...h..qd..LИ.n.рh,..W.9..|t:э!A..3.r.'"q,..с. b) Jill is nеvеr latе for lеssons. Jill is always................ с) I won't lеavеbеfore 8.00. I,ll bе hеrе d) I,vеbееn living hеrе for thrее months. I startеd living hеrе........... е) Whеn wе mеt for lunсh it was 12,О0. Wе mеt for lunсh f) What do you do in your сountly on Januагr.1st? What do you do in your сountly on thе .... g) I,ll sееyou not tomorrow but thе nехt dar'. ['ll sееyou thе h) It,s10.00and I,vеbееnwaiting hегеsinсе , "t.!l.t. I,vеbееnwaitinghеrе........... CompIеtееaсhsentеnсewith onе suitableword. a) b) d) е) 0 o б/ h) Would you likе to go out .''..Q.уI............ mv biгthday? Ritamovеdto this town fouryеaгs.......... I won,t phonеJasonnow. I,ll phonе him I wokе up twiсе .. thе night. .. midnight thе frog turnеd into а prinсе. Pеoplе in сitiеs usеd to takе thе bus, but '. most usе thеir сars. Luсkily Raсhеl arrivеd just ..................... timе to сatсh thе train. Wе fеlt finе in thе rеstaurant, but wе both fеlt ill hours. r27
- 133. lNтЕRмЕDlAтЕ IANGUAGE PRACтIсЕ 4Rewritеeaсh sentenсeso that it has a similar meaning and сontainsthe word in bold. a) I spеnd the summer at thе sеasidе. in ....'{.."9'q...tp...th*.lgliq!э.'!.ry..th{,..{*.ry!.цp-r,. b) I startеdat this sсhool in 1,997, sinсе с) Gеorgе had a bath and thеn aftеrthat washed his hair. d) е) Dina lеft my housе at 10.00. until Thе train arтivеdеxaсtly when it was supposеdto. on timе I won,t arrivе latеr than 2.00. by s)Paul triеd end hard but finally gavеup. 5 h) I was too latе to say goodbyе to Lisa. timе Сomplete еaсh sеntenсewith one suitableword. a) Did you slееpwы ..I'{.t.. night? b) ..................... thе hot wеathеr,wе havе our mеalsin thе garden. с) ..................... thе lеsson,Мikе and Carmеn dесidеdto play basketball. d) John hasn,tsееnСristina..................... thrееwеeks. е) I know that ........... day you will bе a star! f) It,svеry impoгtant to aгrivе ......... timе for thе еxamination. g) Thе тobbеrran out of thе bank and was arrеstеdshortly h) Thеrеis a lot of noisеin our Strееt......... night. r28
- 134. Сountab]eand unсountablе Сountable and unсountablе: grammar somе or аnу? Explanations rA сountablе noun has a singular and a plural form. Тhе piural may bе irrеgular.Wе сan usе numbеrs with it. onebook,threebooks oпepossibiliФ,tуvo possibilities, onepiесe,fourpiесes oпеperso|l, three people oneсhild, ttцto сhildreп onе-womап, fourwomеп r An unсountablе noun has only onе form. Wе сannot usе numbеrs with it. work love progress wаter iпformаtion Еnglish (languagе) r Typiсal unсountablеs arе: Matеrials and substanсеs: Abstraсtidеas: Aсtivitiеs: Human fееlings: r Notе thе words bеlow whiсh many othеr languagеs: ассommodаtioп, аdviсе,bеhаviour' bttsiпеss, саsh,equipment, furniture,heаIth, homew ork, iпformоtion, knowIedge, Iu ggаge, moneу,pеrmissioп, rubbish, Sсenery| trаffiс, trаvel,wеаther,work r Сountablе nouns сan bе singulaгor plural. Thе bookis overtherе. The booksаte oуerthere. Unсountablе nouns arе always singular. Freпсhis diffiсult. IIisаdуiсе-wasveryuseful. r With сountablе nouns Wе сan iцseо/аn arrdsome. Suehаsgotа book/somebooks аboutАnсientF,gуpt. With unсountablе nouns Wе сannot lшse а/ап. Suehаsgotsome moneу togo on holidауthisуeаr, СouldI hауesome iпformаtion? l Someis сommon in positivе sеntеnсеs.Аnу is сommon in quеstionsand nеgativеs. We,vе gotsomejuice, but wе hаven,tgot аnу glаssеs. Hаve уougot аnу сups? r But Wе сan :uSе Somеin a quеstion if it is an offеr oI rеquеst. Сould I hаve Somemorеteа,pleаse? And wе сan usе апу in positivе sеntenсеsif wе mеan .it dоеsn,tmattеr whiсh,. I,m freеаnу dау пeхtweek' plаstic, iroп, wood,pаpеr,wаter,аir, сoffee Iife,[un, freedom, progress,heаlth,time work, trаvеl,sleep,footbаll, help,rеsеаrсh hаppiпess,аnger,hoпеstу,hope,respесt, сourаge arеunсountablе in Еnglish but сountablе in tz9
- 135. lNтЕпмEDlAтE LANGUAGЕ PRACтIсE monyand much Change of meaning l Anу always has thе mеaning of ,no limit,. Comparе: Is thеresomething I сап do to help? (I know what to do) Is thereаnуthing I cап do to help? (I,ll do whatеvеr I сan) Hаve уou got some letters for mе? (Thеrеarе partiсular lеttеrsI am еxpесting) Hаve yougot аnу letters for me? (Ihavе no idеa if you havе lеttеrsfor mе or not) Маnу is usеd for сountablе nouns and muсhis usеd for unсountablе nouns. Thеy arеusеd mainly in quеstionsand nеgativеs. How mоnу сhаirsаrеthere? Therеаrеп,tmаny сushioпs. How muсh moneyhаvеwegot? Thereisп,t muсh wаter here. r Somеwords сan bе сountable oI unсountablе with а сhangе in mеaning. Thе сountablе mеaning is spесifiсand thе unсountablе mеaning is gеnеral. а ftsh(thе animal) а busiпеss(a сompany) а noisе(a spесifiсnоisе) а hаir (a singlе piесе) а pаiпtiпg(onе objесt) а work(awork of art) а loаf (a loaf of brеad) а coffee(a сup of соffее) a paPer(a nеwspapеr) а wood(a small forеst) rlп iroп (for prеssingсlothеs) а glаss (for drinking) r Look at thеsееxamplеs: I hеаrdа Strапgeпoise. I boughtа pаintiпg lаst week. Diапа hаd а vеrygoodeduсаtion. A knowledge of boаtsis usфI. Сап уou buy а loаf from theshop? somefish (a portion of food) business(in gеnеral) noise(in gеnеral) hаir (a||tоgеthеr) pаintiпg (thе aсtivity/hobby) work(in gеnеral) somеbreаd(in gеnеral) someсoffee(thе matеrial) Some pаper(thе material) somewood(thе matеrial) someiron (thе matеrial) someglаss(thе matеrial) I cап,tstаndпoise. Do you likepаiпtiпg? Eduсаtion is veryimportапt. Kпowlеdge is thekeу to SuссeSS' Сап уou buу some breоd from thеshop? other problеms r Onе group of nouns only has a plural form and takеsa plural verbzclothes, сontепts,feelings,glаsses(for your еуеs),iеапs,stаirs, trousers Mу trousеrsаre too tight. The stаirs аrе vеrySteep. r Onе group of nouns сan bе followеd by еithеr a singular or plural verb:аrmy, аudieпсе,сlаss,сompапy,сrowJd, fаmily,goverпment, grouP,public, teаm The Governmеnthоs/hаve deсidedto resigп. r Thе word .nеws,is followеd by a singular verb. The neу,s is on. r Thе word ,poliсе,is followеdbу a plural vеrb The poliсe аreсomiпg. 130
- 136. 2 GRAмпnAR 33 сoUNтABLЕAND UNсoUNтABtЕ NoUNs Underlinethe сorrесtword or phrasein еaсhsentеnсе. a) How muсh/Howmапypastahavе wе got? b) Whеrе is/аrеmу nеw trousеrs? с) I put some/аny сhoсolatе somеwhеrе,but whеrе is it? d) Pеtеrwеnt to brу а/somеglassso hе сould fix thе brokеn и.indorts е) I,m afraid wе havеn,t got muсh/mаnуtime, fl How muсh/Howmаnу flltлiturе shops arе therе? g) I,vеfound thе milk but I сan,t find а/someg|ass. h) Mary,s adviсе wаs/werеnot vеry usеful. Put one word in eaсhspaсe.Put a dаsh (_)if thе spaсeshouIdbe b|ank. a) My tlousеrsnееd ironing. Havе you got ...?!!k.'........'.. iron? b) Сould you go to thе bakеr,sand buy .. loaf, plеasе? с) I,dlikе ..................... infoгmationabouttrainsto Paris. d) Louisеhas ...............'..... vеry goodhеalth. е) Thе war еndеd ..yеarsago. f) Vanеssabought .. papеrand rеadit on thе bus. g) Сould you givеmе ..................... adviсе,plеasе? h) Do you know .. peoplе in this villagе? Completethe seсondsеntenсeso that it hasa simiIarmeaningto the first sеntenсeand сontainsthe word in bold. a) Lеt mе tеll you what I think you should do. adviсе Lеtmе .gLu.'a. у.q.|L..{.o'|w,..4dу]{.?,............... b) I nееd a сlеan pair of trousеrs. any I havеn,tgot ............ с) Thеrе isn,t a lot of watеr in the pool. muсh и-atеriп thе рoоl. I havе to wash my hair. washing My hair Thе book didn,t сontain any information. in Thе information......... 3 p,' d) е) 131
- 137. lNтERмEDlAтE tANGUAGE PRAстlсЕ 4Choosethе bestalternative, .l or 2, to сomplеteеaсhsentеnсe. a) Thе firе is going to go out. Сan you go and gеt...!!.|n9..w.p'q.'........ 1 a wood 2 somеwood i) ; ;;;; -;, ;;;;,";";; monеy all ovеr thе floor! Lеrnonadе?Sоrry,no, wе havеn,t got ..........'.. 1 somе 2 aг'у Pеtеr kееps at thе bottom of his gardеn. 1 a сhiсkеn 2 somе сhiсkеn Thе information Wе wеrе givеn 1 wеrе vеry usеful 2 was vеry usеful pеoplе wеrе thеrе on thе bus? 1 How many 2 How muсh Look at Rita's hair. ............. ! 1 It,sgrееn 2 Thеy,rе grееn I,vе сallеd thе poliсе and ............ 1 thеy,rе on thеir way 2 it,s oл its way Thе assеmbly hall was full of .............. 1anoisе 2noisе 5 Complete еaсh sentenсe with onе suitablе word. a) I wantеd to havе a bath but thеrе wasn,t any hot '...wАt.ar......' . b) Whеn is thе ......... on? I havеn,t hеard any today. с) Tim,s еyеsight was bad and hе had to havе nеw d) Laura had to pay еXtra at thе airport bесausе shе had too muсh e) If you Want to makе an omеlеttе thеrе arе somе ......... in thе fridgе. f) You сan,t сut that With a knifе. You nееd somе gt -еnееd somе brеad. Сould you go and buy a largе hr -hеn |fug$цroiят lan ^llt n{ t}rрhousе hе rr.asarrеstеd|эУa........... b) с) d) е) f) o) 6/ h) |З2
- 138. lndefinitеartiсle: аon Zero artiсlе lno artiс|е) Еxplanations rWе use а/аn whеn thе listеnеr doеs not knolr- rthiсr pеrson oт thins Wе arе talking about. Сomparе: Tim works iп а fасtorу. lrl'е dс:: : яl].-'т lthiсh faсtory) Tim works iп the fасtorу down the roа'd. trr-еkl.-..'' ;тhi;h faсtоrl-l r If wе rеfеr to somеthing for thе first timе it lтill bе:lе-'.,'.г.:.::lа:1оn ior thе listеnеr and so Wе usе а/ап. Оthet rеfеrеnсеsto thе s:rrе li:r::: jsе ii]. bесausеnow thе listеnеrknows what wе arеtalkins аi:::. I,vebought а пеwmobile phone,It,sgrеаt.Thеpltottе: ||':..: r Wе :usе а/аnto dеsсribеsomеthing. It,sа lovеIydау. Kоzаkstап is ап епoпttotls сО|l,Itrl Notе thеsе two Ways of saying thе samе thing: Ап oсеlot is а wild оnimо| similаr to а leopаrd. oсelots аrе wild animаIs, similаr to leopоrds' r Wе usе а/ап to dеsсribе thе job or thе сharaсtеr of a pеrs:l Mаry is аn eпgineer. Peter is а fool! l A/аn mеan .onе,, So Wе сannot lцsеа/ап with unсountabLе :]. .:.s r Notе that а/апarе unstrеssеd,and arе plonounсеd /эr and :: r Wе usе Zеroartiсlеwith pluralsand unсountablеnouns rr'lе:...".+ ,:=:з.king gеnеrally.Сomparе: I,vegot а brother апd а sister. Сап уou give me somе informаtioп? Dogs аreпot аllowedin this shop The dogs next door bаrk аll пight. MiIk is goodforуou. The milk on the topshеlf is fаt-freе. (not two) (not *111fвfl++t1+j-ч Hеrе arе somе еxamplеs showing thе usе of zero artiсlе tt. i:.r .е:еiаl.r-: Мatеrials: This сhаir is mоdе of plсlstiс ,;,"'|lеothеr' Food and drink I lovе сhoсolаte. I doll,t likс orLul!е illiсе. Abstraсt idеas: Wаr is а terriblе thiпg, Languagеs: Spаnish is spоkeпbу,сlboutзl-.ll-r /lj:;:;.]i: !.0Рlе. Aсtivitiеs: Speаkiпg is not pеrпiffе.7 ,7llrjlli iilс il-,ltttitt,-ltiot-t. l Zеto artiсlе is usеd with most сountriеs, statеs and сitiеs. Маrie сomes fтom Frопсe. Los Аngelеs is iп СаIiforniа' But сountriеs whiсh arе a group or plural havе a dеfinitе artiсIе. Wе left the Uпited Kiпgdom апd сrossеdto the |iethеrlапds. Notе also that Grеаt Britаin has zеro artiсlе. 1З3
- 139. lNтERпiЕDlAтЕ tANGUAGE PRAстl(E Zеroartiсlе is usеd with gеographiсalarеas,lakеs, WeуisitеdLake Viсtortа. It,siп Eаst Afтicа. TheусlimbеdMt. Everest iп reсordtimе. Heleпspeпtlrcrholidаyson Сrete. Zеro artiсlеis usеdwith most strееts. I bottg|tt tllis dressfrom а shopiп Bond Street. But wе usе flle for thе phrasе the High Street (this strееtin a tolvn). mountains and islands. mеans thе main shopping Zеro artiсlе is usеd with namеs of buildings with a plaсе namе bеfoге. ,еt'isitеdBlenheim PаIасe аnd Сoventry Саthedrаl. But iте use thеwhеn thеrе is a phrasеWith oraftеr thе noun. I1.е I'isitеdthe Houses of Pаrliоmeпt. Zегo aгtiсlеis usеdwith namеs,blt theis usеd with titlеs. Саrol Pаrker is the Miпister of Сommunicаtions. Zеro artiсiе is usеd with mеals whеn wе rеfеrto thеm in gеnеral. Dinпеr is аt 7,З0. But сomparеwith thеsееxamplеswhеrе Wеarе not talking gеnеrally: 'lt tlrcепdof theсoпfеreпсе therewаs а dinner. (mеntionеd for first timеt Tltе dinner thеуserveherеis reаllyfапtаstiс. (wе know whiсh dinnеr) Zеro aгtiсlеis usedwith gеnеralhistoriсal rеfеrеnсеs Prehistoriс Europe/Anсient Rome is а fаsсiпаtiпg periodof history. Zегo artiсlе is usеd with bу for gеnеralforms of tlansport. е t+,еnt thеrebу саr. But сomparеwith thеsееxamplеswhеrе Wеarе not talking gеnеrally: Iе wеntthеrein а reаIlуold саr' (mеntionеd for first timе) 1'еt+,епt thеrein the саr mу sisteruses. (wеknow whiсh сar) otе a]sothat wе saуon foot. Zетoartiсlеis usеd is morе important litttis in prison. {у сompаnуis rеbuildiпgthe prison. :огdsof this typе arе: be iп ot go to hospitаl,prisoп, bed,сlаss,сourt beаt or go to work,sсhool,universitу,seа With ,homе, beаt home,go home with сеrtain buildings, whеrе thе purposеof thе building than thе plaсе itsеlf. Сomparе: (whiсh prison is not importantt (onе partiсular building) t34
- 140. 2 GRAlvlrиAR 34 ARтlсtЕs1 SееGrammar З5 for aсtivitiеsinсluding fhe. 1 Under]ine thе еrrorsin thesesentenсes. Rewriteeaсhsеntеnсе. a) Havе you еvеrvisitеd Unitеd Kingdom? . Н,qу.е..Yo.ф...eу9I..w,|ited'..th*..шlзItel.!1,.vd.qwL? b) on our trip, wе visitеd thе СantеIbury Cathеdral. с) Lovе is wondеrful thing. d) Тhе pеts arе not pеrmittеd in this hotеl. е) Rabbit is small wild furry animal with long еars. f) Thе Nеw York is in Unitеd Statеs of thе Amетiсa. Put o/onor leavеthe spaсebIank. a) ....;....lоvе makеsthе world go round. b) Shеila has got Gеrman сar. с) Ritaworksin ........... offiсеin WestStrееt. d) I,vеgot ........... friеndwho is еlесtriсian. е) Paul goеsto spесialsсhoolfor ........... musiсians. 0 Jaсkis in ........... hospitaland сan,tgo to ..'........ sсhool. g) ValеriеWantsto go to univеrsityand studyto bе ...'....... doсtor. For eaсhquestion,сompletethe seсondsentеnсeso that it meansthe sameas the first,usingno morethan threеwords. a) Мary tеa,сhеs Еnglish. Мary ....1{..qr!:.'.'.......... Еnglishtеaсhеr. b) Сharlеs has a faсtory job. Сharlesworks ....faсtory. с) You arе not allowеd to park hеrе. not allowеd hеrе. Fabio is on a ship at thе momеnt. At thе momеnt ....sеa. Wе walkеdto thе station. Wе wеntto .............. ......... foot. 3 d) е) 135
- 141. Dеfinite artiс|e:thе Explanations r Wеusеthe whеn it is сlеarwhiсh thing or pеIson Wе arе talking about. Thе points bеlow еxplain this in morе dеtail. Сomparе: The wаr between thе two сouпtries lсlstеdfor siх wееks. (wе know whiсh war) Wаr is в tеrriblе thiпg. (war in gеnеral, so Zеro artiсlе) r Wе oftеn usе thе whеп wе rеfеr to somеthinя that wе mеntionеd bеforе, usiпg сt/аtl, ||еsаw a good film lаst пight. It'wаs the пew film bу Вerghiпi. But lvе сan usе the for thе first timе that wе rеfеr to somеthing if it is сlеar from thе Contехt whiсh onе Wе mеan. I,lrcrе,sthe пewspаper? r 'е oftеn usе tllе with phrasеs inсluding of Сomparе: Т]tе fiItttl+,сls сlboutthe lovе of а girl for her саt. lor,с ls Ll'otЙеrftllthing! (lovе in gеnеral, so Zеro artiсlе) r -еusе |llс rthеn thеrе is only onе of somеthing. It is сlеar whiсh onе Wе mеan. Hotц tttсtttt' L1;tro|lа|lts llсп,еlапded on the moon? r Wе usе tlle for nationalltiеs and оthеr groups. I rеаllу аdmirе tltе Itаliсltts, The old, the siсk аlld tltе L|t|еttlploуеdпеed our spесiаl саrе. r Notе thеsе othеr usеs оf rhe: Playingmusiсal Timе: Supеr1ativеs Fixеd phrasеs Namеsof ships Oсеans Rivеrs instrumеnts: Dо l'ottplсtу, the guitаr? ht tllе pсlst/itl the future But: сt prеSепt Тltis is the biggеst oпе./ You аrе the flrst. Tltе sooпеr the bеttеr. I,'е sоilеd on the Neptune. The PасifLс, the Atlоntiс The Amаzon, the Dаnube l Theis usually pronounсеd idэl bеfoтесonsonants aг'dlбу'lbеforеvowеls. Thеbegiппiпg' Theепd, 1.36
- 142. GRAlY|пnAR 35 ARтlсLЕs2 UndеrIine the сorreсtword in eaсhsentenсe. a) Whеrе,sап/thееlесtriсhеatеr?I сan,t find it. b) What hаppеnеd at аn/theеnd of а/thefi|m? с) David has ап/thеappointmеnt at а/theoptiсian,s. d) Ап/Theold pеrson sometimеsfееlslonеly. е) Pеtеr owns а/thelargеst modеl planе in а/thewofld. f) Luсkily а/thefirе brigadе soon сamе and put otlt а/thefire. g) Harry,smothеr bought hlm а/theguitar for his birthday plеsеnt. h) I,m thinking of buying а/therlew pair of trousеrs. i) In thе еnd thеrе was а/thewar bеtwееnthе two сountriеs. i) I didn,t know аn/theanswеrto а/thеquеstion, so I lеft it out. 2 Completethе seсondsentenсеso that it hasa similarmeaningto the first sentеnсe. a) Franсеsis a vеry good pianist. Franсеs '..B!лY.l..t.h* .P.l4.4p.. ''.. .vеrywеll. b) Poor pеoplе nееd hеlp from thе Govеrnmеnt. Thе Govеrnmеntshould................ ...... poor. с) Traсеy,sbikе is fastеrthan evеryonееlsе,s. Traсеy,s ...fastеst. d) Tom has a doсtor,sappointmеnt. Tom .......... doсtor,s. е) The film was about an artist,slifе. Thе film ...of an artist. f) Thе only goal of thе matсh was sсorеdby ltaly. Thе only goal of thе matсh ...Italians. 3 Put o/onor thеin eaсh spaсeor leavethe spaсeblank. ..'тIt--. Prеsidеnt i, ...thP.' lаrgеst сruisеshipin ....t!*'. world. Еvеryonе in ...'....... сlassagrееd that........... happinеss Wasimportant. Thеrе's strangеpеIsonat ........... door. Somеonеwho saw robbеry сallеd poliсе. At ........... bеginningof ........... film, ........... tall man satin frontof mе. Whеn I arrivеdat ........... station,I atе........... sandwiсhand lvaitеdfoг ........... train. pеIsonwith ........... gоodеduсation usuallygеts........... goodjob. Havеyou sееn........... nеw film at ........... Еmbassy сinеmа? a) b) с) d) е) n s) h) Iз7
- 143. lNтERIv|EDlAтE LANGUAGE PRAстtсЕ InсludеspraсtiсеofGтammar34 and З5. Put а/on/thеin eaсh spaсe,or leavethe spaсeblank. a) .!.|.|9.,.. Сhinеsеeat..qt........lot of ...:.....riсе. b) ........... mostpеoplеthoughtthat ........... Bеatlеs Wеrе........... vеrygood 8Iouр. с) I usuallr- drink ........... glassof ........... milk in morning. d) -hat's diffеrеnсеbеtwееn rabbitand ........... harе? е) ........'.. firstpеrsonwho сrossеs finishing linе is winnеr. f) playing guitaris ........... intеrеsting hobby. g| ........... Rеbессa got on bus and bought tiсkеt. hl Тhеrе's nеWspapеr shop at еnd of strееt. il In ........... past,most of populationlivеd in сountry. it I nееdеd nеw pair of trousеrsso my mothеr gaYеmе monеy. Сorrесt thе еrrors in thеse sentenсesby adding or removing o/аn/thе. ai Сould you gеtloaf of brеadfrom bakеr,s? ...Qq.+!'d..'уp,|+..g'e..t..4..!qnf..рf..b'rgad..fro,ш.. ................t......v... b i Тhе milk is good for thе сhildrеn. с t Тhе John is at a work at momеnt. dt :еtravеllеdto thе Hungary bу a car. е) Havе you got a brothеr or thе sistеr? fl Var bеtwееntwo сountriеs Waslongеst in the history. 8) Who was first astronautwho walkеd on moon? hl ilе is longеst rivет in world. 138
- 144. 3 GRAlyllvlAR 35 ARтlCLEs2 Rewriteeaсh sentenсeso that it has a similarmeaпing and сontainsthe word in bold. Wе travеllеdthеrе by train. on ....Wr..trqу.p'|!,e!(...thf,:e..p'r!..th&.trqLw.. Thеre isn,t a largеr sizе than this onе. largеst Clara sings for hеr living. singer Pеoplewho are unеmployеd oftеn fеel dеprеssеd. thе Anna is lеarning to bе a guitarist. play Мikе is an offiсе.workеr. works Mariе is a Frеnсhwoman. Franсe h) David is still working. at a) b) с) d) е) s) 4
- 145. F lNтЕRмЕDlAтЕ tANGUAGЕ PRACтI(E 5Complеtеthe seсondsentеnсeso that it hasa similarmеaningto the first sentenсe. I didn,t еxpесtto sееDarrеl. ....Dfl.rrr,'|..у/q{.,tht,',,..'....'lastpеrsonIеxpесtеdtosее. Do you havе a dog in your housе? Do ............. homе? Niсk tеaсhеsсhеmistry. Niсk is ...... tеaсhеr. Мy friеnds gavеmе a wondеrful prеsеnt. ......gavеmе Waswondеrful. Thе Australian сapital is Canbеrra. Сanbеrrа ...... Austтalia. Thе Frеnсh lеsson is thе first tomorlow. ...... Frеnсh. Somеonеis phoning you. Thете,s Somеonе on .......'..... *: ::: : :::: ::::::]:::: ::: :: ::.*}';, ""., еntеrtaining. ln eaсh pair of sentenсes,fill in onе spaсewith the and the other spaсewith a dash (-) to show no artiсIe. a) 1 For mе, .....Т.... footballis my lifе. 2 ..Ih?.' football in thе sесond division is a muсh lowеr standard. b) 1 Thеy say that lovе makеsthе world go round. 2 Тheу say that lovе of a mothеr for hеr сhild is thе strongеstkind. 1 ........... informationin this artiс]еwill bе vеry usеfulfor my projесt. 2 ........... infoгmatiоnaboutthе Govеrnmеnt,sdеfеnсеplans is hard to find. 1 ........... studеntsin mv nеw сlassall sееmvеry friеndly. 2 .....'..... stцdеntsshould bе in thеir сlassеs by 9.00. 1 I nееd........... hеlpl 2 Тhanksvеrv muсh for ........... hеlp you gavеmе yеstеrday. 1 ........... сomputеrsin thе Januarysalеarеnot too еxpеnsivе. 2 Тhеsеdavsеr-егybody nееdsto know how to usе ........... сomputеrs. 1 ........... Еnglisharеfamousfor thеiтstrangеsеnsеof humour. 2 ........... Еnglishprogrammеsarеquitе еasyto find on satеllitеTV. 1 Мany of my fтiеndsaтеstudying businеssat univеrsity. 2 Мy fathеris involvеd in ........... businеssof buying and sеllinghousеs. a) b) с) d) е) s) h) 6 с) d) е) o) 6/ h) r40
- 146. 10, none Explanations l аll А/lis usually followеd by a plural noun and vеrb. All students аre eхpeсted to аrrive on time. In thе еxprеssions аll dаy, аIl пight, аlI the time, thе noun is singular. Wе сan also say АП (of) the ... , and in this еxprеssion wе сan rеplaсе tllе bу a possеssivе adjесtivе (mу etс.). AIl (of) the tickets for the mаtсh hоd beensold. AlI (of) my fтieпds hаve bikes. Nof is also usеd with с/l. Not аII studeпts hаve bikes. Not аII (ofl my fтiends hауe bikes. А// is also usеd as a pronoun at thе bеginning of a sеntеnсе. AIl I wапt is somеpeасе апd quiet! Аll I пeed is f,400! All I hаve is f,50! Аll is not noгmally usеd as a singlе-word objесt. Instеad Wе usе everуthiпg. TеlI me everything thсlthаppeпеdoп your holidау. (NОТф,..) a some Someis usеd in thе samе waу. Someis not usеd wtthпot. Some students аre eхpeсtеdto help. .пo Wе сan lSе no with a singular noun or a plural noun. No students аrrived oп time for the lаst lessoп! No student аrrived on timе for the lаst lesson! Wе do not usе lсo if thеrе is anothеr nеgativе word. In this сasе Wе usе rz,?),. I didп,t Seeanу studentsаrriving oп time for the lаst lеsson' . noпе Wе do not usе No of ... ot No the ... . Instеad, Wе usе пoпе of t|rcor ttolrcon i|s own. Nonе of the guests аrе here yet. ,Were therе апy lеtters for me?, Sorrу, пone for уou. , Notе that in thе first еxamplе thеrе is a plural vетb .alе,. Тhis is morе сommon, although a singular vеrb is possiblе. T4I
- 147. r : i i ll I i i i ;' i t I l t I I il fi I t t t I fl fi fl' I fi, t I, i' l l i ! l t ll I ii t I l I' I I I fi I fi t I t . lNтЕRlvtЕDlAтЕ LANGUAGЕ PRAстIсЕ eoсh,еverу both' еithеr' nеithеr Тo еmphasizеthe idеa of пonewе сan usе пoneаt аll, ot rlotone|ot пot а .... ,How mаnypeoplewеresurftпg?,) ,Noпe аt аll! , ,Hotvmаnуpeopleweresurfiпg?,) ,Not oпе! , ,Hott,mаnу pеoplewеresurfing?,) ,Nof о singleoпe!, Othегеxamplеs: Хot onepersoп hаs doпeаny homеwork! I ltсп,еn,t hаd а siпglephoпe-саlltodау. Тhе mеaning of еасhand everyis similar and oftеn еithеr word is possiblе.Thеr arе both followеd by a singular noun. Еасh person iп theroomwаs weаriпgа hаt' Еveryperson iп thеroomwas weаringа hаt. . еL7сJl .еusе еасhwhеn wе think of thе mеmbеrsof a group sеparatеly,onе by onе. Sltеspеntsometime tаIkiпgto eаch pеrsoпin theroom. Еосltis oftеn usеd with one, There-were tenpeopleiп theroom'Eаch one wаs weаriпgсlhаt. Еасltof ...сan bе usеd. Еасh of уou ссt|1 саrryoпepаrсel. Еt'tсllсarlbе usеd aftеrthе subjесt,or at thе еnd of a Sеntеnсе. I4у sisters eаch hаve theirotцln room, Мy uпсlegаvemy brotherапdI $50 eаch' (=gavе $50 to еaсh of us.) fl'ery е usе everywhеn wе think of all thе mеmbеrsof a group togethеr. Evеry boх wаs wrаppediп сolourеdpapеr. Ъ сannot saу еverуof. е сannot t|Seeveryaftеrthе subjесt,or at thе еnd of a sеntеnсе. both Bofli rеfетsto two things and mеans ,thе onе and thе othеr,.It is usеd with а plural noun and vеrb. Note thе struсturеsand positions. Both people/Both the people/Both of the people in theroomwereweаriпg ltсlts. Thepeopleiп therоomutere both weаrtng hоts. Тlrcrеweretwopeoplеiп theroom.Both (of them)wereweаriпghаts, Both of уou саn helpmе. You саn both helpme. t42
- 148. GRAll|мAR 36 DЕтERIUllNERsAND PRoNouNs . eithеr Еithermеans ,this onе or thе othеr onе,. It is followеd by a singular noun and vеrb. Wе caпpаint it уeеn or blue.Either colour mаtсhesthе lуаIls. But notе that whеn wе use eitherwith thе words .еnd,or .sidе,thеn thе mеaning сhangesto both. Thеreаre treеson either side of thestreet. Wе сan :шsе eithеrof, Either of the books will be veryusфI. t neither Neithermеans .not this onе or thе other onе,. We саn,tpаint it greenor blue.Neither сolour mаtсhesthewаIls. Thereаr? treeson пeither side of thestreet, Neither of these books wiII beveryuseful. r43
- 149. l NтER1t.|EDlAтE tANGUAG E PRACтIсЕ 1 Undeгlinethe сorreсtword or рhrasein еaсh sentеnсе. a) Thеrе wеrenoпe/цg peoplе at the bus stop. b) Мy two brothеrs eасh/every havе thеir own сar. с) N.ofonе/I'lot no studеnt has сomе latе this wееk! d) Someof/Some rеstaurantsсhargееxtrа for brеad. е) Sоrry,but I сan,t hеat either/neither of you propеrly. f) Vhеn I got on my bikе I notiсеd that both фres/evеry tyrеwerе flat. Put one suitablеword in еaсhspaсe. a) I sеntlеttеrs to tеn pеoplе,but '......l..t......... .'.....!ne-....... rеpliеd! b) [,m sorry,but thеrе arе .. tiсkеtslеft foт thе сonсеrt. с) ..................... I atеfor brеakfаst Wasa banana. d) I tгiеd ..thе supermarkеts, but ..................... onе wasсlosеd. е) I had two phonе сalls,but thеrе wеrе .. foт you, I,m afraid. f) Both roadslеadto thе сiW сеntrе.You сan takе ..................... onе. Rеwritеeaсhsentenсеso that it hasa similarmeaningand сontainsthe word in bold. a) All thе dogs in the gardеnwеrеbarking. еvеry Nobody at all сamе to thе mееting. singlе Not onе of my friеnds has got a сar. nonе Тhis сhair is not сomfortablе,and nor is this othеr one. nеither Thегеwеrеn,tany boys in thе сlass. no Wе only Want to listеn to a fеw CDs. all Thе two books alе intеrеsting. both 2 3 с) d) е) 0 o 6' 1.44
- 150. 4 GRAtlltlAR 36 DЕтЕRIY|lNЕRsAND PRoNoUNs Completеthe seсondsentеnсeso that it has a similarmеaningto thе first sentenсе. Thеsеbooks arеn,tintеrеsting. шonе ....df .thr,:.g.'b. ga.k.. ll/ g.r.c. inte. rнt.ul.. .'.. ..... .... You havе only tеn minutеs lеft. All ............. с) Thе hotеls wеrе both unsuitablе. Nеither No onе rеpliеd to my lеttеr. Not a ......... Paul and his brothетDavid arе ill. Both .......... Nobody in thе tеam playеd badly. All ............. g) Thе poliсе sеarсhеdall thе housеsin thе strееt. Еvеry......... h) Not all thе quеstionsin thе tеstWеIeеasy. Somе.....'... Undеrlinethe сorreсtсontinuationof eaсhsеntenсe. a) Wе lookеd at two diffеrеnt housеsbut ... 1 both of thеm wеrе too small. 2 еithеr of thеm Wastoo small. b) Liz invitеd a dozеn guеststo hеr party but ... 1 no turnеd up. 2 nonе turnеd up. Hеlеn and Mark arе wеll bеhavеd, but plеasе lеt mе know if 1 both of thеm misbеhavе. 2 еithеr of thеm misbеhavеs. Мiсhaеla fееls so tirеd bесausе shе ... 1 didn,t slееpfor a singlе momеnt. 2 slеpt all for a momеnt. Writе down thе numbеr of the сагon this list ... 1 еaсhtimе onе passеs. 2 all thе timе onе passеs. How many pгеsеntsdid you gеt on уouг biгthda}-?... 1 onе at all. 2 Nonе аt all. Thеrеwеrеtеn pеoplеstandingat thе bus stopand ... 1 all pеoplеhad umbrеllas. 2 еaсhonе had an umbrеlla. Wе wrotе all our answеrsоn thе blaсkboaгdbut ... 1 no onе of us was right. 2 nonе of us lvas right. 5 a) b) d) е) с) d) е) s) h) 145
- 151. l Explanations Adjесtivеs dеsсribе anoun and arе usеd in front of nouns. Тhеy havе thе form for singular and plural. Thеy do not сhangе for malе and fеmalе. Adjесtives Order of adjeсtivеs Gradable adjесtives Adjесtivesеnding -ing and -еd r Whеn wе havе morе Opinion Sizе A8е Shapе Tеmpеraturе Сo1our Мatеrial Purposе(whatit is for?) Final noun than onе adiесtivе, Wе usе this ordеr: lovеIy, difftсult lаrge,long old,sесoпd-hапd round,square hot,сold greeп,blue woodеп, plаstiс swimming pool swimmiпgpool Hеrеarеsomееxarnplеs: Ап old lеаthеrfootbаIlboot. (agе,matеrial,purposе,noun) A lovеlуgrееnsilkshirt. (opinion, сolouц matеrial, noun) It is not advisablеto put morе than thrееadjесtivеs togеthеr. r In thе .matеrial,and ,purposе, сatеgоriеs Wесan havе nouns usеdas adjесtivеs :plаstiс,steеI, swimming,footb аlI. r Look at this sеquеnсе: boiliпg hot wаrm сool сold frееzinE makе Adiесtivеsin thе middlе of thе sеquеnсеarе сallеd .gradablе,. Wе сan thеm strongеror wеakеrwith words |ikе very,а bit, eхtremelу. Adjесtivеs at thе еnd of thе sеquеnсе arе сallеd .non-gradablе,. Wе сannot makе thеm strongеr or wеakеr bесausе thеy arе alrеady еxtlеmе. But wе сaп еmphasisе thеm with аbsolutеIу. ItwаsаbsolutelуboiIinginАthеnslаstweek.(NoТф) Adjесtives еnding -lng dеsсribе somеthing that wе arе rеaсting to (outsidе us). .d1есtir-еs еnding -eridеsсribе our fееlings and rеaсtions (insidе us). .1r'rt'orktсls tiring. It mоdemе tired. Тltisflltttis iпterestiпg. I,m iпterestedin thеfilm' othеrs of thе samеkind aтe:ехсited/ехсitiпg, embаrrаssed/embаrrаssiпg, worriеd/worry,itt g, bored/boring. t46
- 152. ld|eсtives with bg [trт'omе,feеl,look Advеrbs Adverbsof degreе (intensifiers) GRAtltlAR 37 Ao|ЕстlvЕ5 AND ADvЕRB5 r Adjесtivesсan bе usеd on their own, without a noun, aftеrthеsеvеrbs. This beаchis fапtаstiс! Suehаs become riсh. I feel terrible! Youlook ill! If wе usе morе than onе adiесtivе,notе thе usе of сommas and thе rr'ord 'and': Suehаs beсomehаppу апd riсh' Suehаs bесomehаppy, rtсh аnd fаmous. Wе сan lsе oпeinstеad of rеpеatinga noun. I like уour newсoаt.It,sа rеаllу lovelу one! Advеrbs dеsсribе a vеrb. An advеrb says how (quickly),whеn (tomoog1vl) Оt whете (overthеre)somеthing happеns. Many ,how, advеrbsarе formеd by adding -Iуto an adjесtivе. slotlt- slowly quiсk- quiсkly саreful_ саrefullу l Somе advеrbshavе thе samеform as adjесtivеs.Еxamplеs inсludе: fаst,hаrd, eаф, lаte, high, Iow,right,wroпg' This trаiп is veryfаst, (adi) This trаiп goesfоst. (adv) It wаs а veryhаrd question.(adj) We wоrkedhаrd. (adv) r Notе that thе advеrb hаrdlуis not rеlatеdto thе mеaning of hаrd. I сouldhаrdlу Stапdup. (.hardly,= almost not) r Rеmеmbеrthat frеquеnсyadvеrbsсomе aftеr be and auxiliaтiеs,but bеforе othеl vеrbs. Kаtherineis пeуer lаte, Shehаs пever аrrived lаte. Kаtherineпevеr аrrives Iаtе. r Advеrbs of dеgrееarеusеd with adjесtivеsto dеsсribеhow muсh. Peteris very/reallу/ехtremelу hoppy аt his пewsсhool. othеr advеrbs of dеgrее are:. а little, а bit, quite,terriblу. -J.47
- 153. l NтЕRlt'lEDlAтE LANGUAG Е PRA(т!сЕ 2 Put eaсh group of words into the best order. a) old a plastiс largеbag grееn ...1...l4rg9..o.[d.з.rз*r*..p[Ntp.a,.hqlg b) woodеn squarеtwo tablеs с) rеd a drеsssilk bеautiful d) silvеr a of jugs antiquе pair е) bowl small a plastiс f) winding road сountry long a g) boots somе old football dirty h) сotton long a skirt yеllow i) squееzеdсold juiсе a freshly glassorangе of Underlinеthe сorreсt adjесtivein eaсh sentenсe. а) l сan,t drink this tеa! It,swаrm/b-oiliц*! b) Look at that skysсrapеr!It,s lаrge/gigапtiс! с) Jill сouldn,t drivе any furthеr that day as she Wasso tired/tiriпg. d) I lovе summеr evеnings whеn at last it fеels cool/freezing. е) Тhе first part of thе film was rеa||уeхсited/ехcitiпg. f; That was thе bеst play I,vе еvеr sееn. It wasgood/fапtаstiс' g) You |ook ulorried/ulorrying.Is anything thе mattеr? h) Wе won,t go сamping until thе wеathеr is moте boiliпg/wаrmеr. i) If you feebored/boring, whу don,t wе go to thе сinеma? i) I didn,t think you wete interestеd/interesting in anсiеnt history. 148
- 154. 3 GRAlt.|i.lAR з7 ^D|EстlvЕs AND ADvERBs Rewriteeaсhsentenсeso that it has a similar meaning and сontainsthe word in bold. a) Thе old сouplе livеd togеthеrand wеrе happy. happily ...Th*..q!d..сo.*B!е..Liуed,..hqBp'i!у..tpgp'.thr,.у b) This has bееn haтd work for you. workеd Chris and Paul arе slow walkеrs. walk d) Gеorgia is a good pianist. plays е) Suе is a graсefuldanсеr. danсеs Katе is ill. wеll g) Мiсhaеl,s skating wаs wondеrful. skates h) Мary is a сarеful writеr. writеs D Alеx didn,t slееpwеll. slеpt i) Ann сomplеtеd thе сoursеwith suссеss. suссеssfully с) 0 149
- 155. lNтERмEDlAтЕ tANGuAGE PRAст!CE 4Completе eaсh sentenсewith one of thе words from the box. Usе еaсhword onсe only. ) Whеn I hеard that Suzannah had passеdhеr driving test I was rеally ...l,gBpу',..''' . b) Jaсk danсеsvеry ........... and nеvеrstеpson pеoplе,sfееt. с) Аlan Wasso tirеd that hе сould .. kееp his еyеsopеn. d) Тhе hotеl was .. , but wе didn,t likе thе food in thе rеstaurant. е) Alison was еxtrеmеly..................... and spеnta month in hospital. f) Jonn,vwas dтivingtoo ..................... and was stoppedby thе poliсе. 8) It,snot a wondеrful film, but it,s .. good. h) Gina lтогkеdvегy ........... and was givеn an еxtraholiday. i) Whеn I rеalizеdI hadn,tpaid for thе сoat,I felt .......... i) I сan't affoгdto buy that bike bесausеit,s..................... еxpеnsivе. 5 Underlinethе еrrors in thesе sentenсes.Rewriteeaсh sentenсе. a) Pеtеr has bееn n'orking very haтdl}z .'.P st.pr ..hц..b.gt. .у. p. rBiш.. уr:rУ. ..l,.g rd.: .................. Мy sistеrbought mе a bluе lovеly woollеn swеatеr. This book I,m rеading is еxtrеmеly еxсеllеnt. d) David fеlt badly bесausе he,d shoutеd at his mothеr. е) Еvеryonе in thе tеam playеd good. f) Too muсh еxеrсisесan makе you fееl tiring. Paula fеlt happily when hет еxamsWеrеovеr. Hans has arrivеd latе at sсhoоl nеvеr. i) Onе boxеr hit thе othеr rеally hardly right on thе сhin. a b) с) s) h) 150 i) I,m not rеally intеrеstingin this сar.
- 156. I Explanations Comparativеsсomparеtwo sеparatеthings. Моryis а better plаyer thап Мoпiса. Supеrlativеsсomparе onе thing in a group With all thе othеrs. Sаrаh is the best plауеr in theteаm. r Onе syllablе Compaтativеadjeсtivеswith onе syllablе arеnormally formеd by adding -er to thе adjесtivе.In onе syllablе words еnding with onе сonsonant, thе final сonsonant is doublеd. Words еnding in сonsonant +-y сhangе -y to -i. Iопg_ Ioпger big _ bigger dry _ drier Supеrlativеadjесtivеsarе normally formed by adding -estto thе adjесtivе. Iong- the longest big - thebiggest dry - thedriest r Two or morе syllablеs Comparativе adjесtivеswith two or morе syllablеsarе normally formеd with morе. modеrп_ more modern intеrestiпg _ more intеresting Supеrlativеadjесtivеsarеnormally formеd with most, moderп- thеmost modern iпterestiпg _ themost interesting Somе adiесtivеswith two syllablеsсan bе formеd in еithеr way. сommoп сommoпer theсommonest oR сo|nlnorl more сommoп thеmost сommorт othеr еxamplеsinсlude: quiet,tired,сlever, polite,simple' r Notе from thе еxamplеsabovе Ihat thеis usеd with supеrlatives.Thе+ supеrlativесan also bе usеd without a noun. Sаrаhis the best swimmer. Sаrаh is the best' following irrеgularforms: bettеr worse fаrther/further Сomparatives and superlativеs: meaning Сomparativеs and supеrIativеs: form lrrеgularforms Notе thе good bаd fаr little much/mапу And thеrе is а form: oId thebest theworst thefаrthеst/furthest less thеleаst moчe thеmost spесialusе of o/dto dеsсribеfamily mеmbегsthat has an irrеgular elder the eldеst This is mу elder brother'|апe is their eldest dаttghter. 151
- 157. lNтERП,lЕDlAтE LANGUAGE PRAстI(E Adverbs Making сomparisons Ingеnетaladvетbsfollow the samerulеs as adjесtivеs,although many сommon short advеrbs сan makе сomparativеs in two ways. Сould you driveslower, plеаsе? Сould you drivеmore slowlу, pleаse? Саn уou work quiсker? Саn you-workmore quickly? Advеrbs that сan usе bоth forms likе this inсludе: eаrly,fаr, fаst, hаrd, lаte, loud, quick,slow. l Thаn is usеd with сomparativеs. Mаry is betteт thаn Mопiса. Маry is а better plаyer than Мoniса. r Notе that ъ,hеn we сomparе aсtions,Wеusе an auxiliary at thе end of thе sеntеnсе. Маry,plауs betterthаn Мoniса does. Yo|t,l,е donemoreууoтk thаn I hаvе. (NoT ...tш+цояiа+lар) (NoT ... thаtl I llаъ'е dвпe) lntеnsifiеrs Wе сan also say: Маry plаys better thаn Мoniса' You,ve donemoreworkthоn me. l justaS ... сlsis usеd whеn wе сomparе two еqual things. Mаry is just аs good аs Саthy. Маry is just аs good а plаyer аs Саthу. l not аS ... сlS is usеd whеn wе сomparеtwo things that arе not equal. Саthу is not аSgood аs Маry' Саthу is t|ot аSgood а plаyer аs Моry. r As wеll as saying morethаn,Wесan also say lеssthаn. This gаmeis tnore interesting thап the lаst oпе. I think this gаmеis less iпteresting than thаt oпe. Wе сan usе advеrbsof degrееto make сomparisons.Advеrbsof dеgrееinсludе: с bit, muсh,а lot, fаr. This houseis much/а lot/far biggerthап thаt oпе. ThеItаIiаn ftlm wаs tnuch more iпtercsting thап this one. That film wаs fаr less frighteпing thаn this oпe. r52
- 158. 1 GRAмluAR 38 мAкlNGсo]t,lPARlsoNs Underlinethe сorreсtWordor phrasein еaсhsentеnсе. a) Thе fish was so tаstyаS/цstаsц--цsthе mеat. b) This book is themostinterеstiпg/the moreiпtеresting I,vееvеr геad. с) This tеmplе is thе eldest/oldest in Еuropе. d) That drеssis a lot longer thап/thаtthе othеr onе. е) Nothing is worse/worsf than bеing stuсk in a traffiс jam. f) That skysсrapеris onе of thе tаllеr/tаllest buildings in thе world. g) Thе tеstWasn,tаs hаrdаs/hаrdсs I thought. h) Aсtuаlly, today I fеe|morebаd/worsethan I did yеstеrday. i) our journеy tooklonger thаn/thelongest wе еxpесtеd. j) Сould you work morequietlу/more quietеr plеasе? Completе еaсh sentеnсewith a сomparativeor superlativeform of the adjесtivе in bold. lnсludeany other neсessary words. a) ThеNilеis ..th*.'!l.ryэ.Ч.t.................. rivеrin thеworld. lоng b) I was disappointеd as thе film was ....than I еxpесtеd. entеrtaining с) Most planеsgo a lot ....trains. fast d) Yеstеrday Wasonе of .............. ......... daysof thе yеar. hot е) I think this book is muсh ....thе othеr onе. good f) Thе twins arе thе samеhеight. Tim is ....Suе. tall g) Thе first еxеrсisеWasеasybut this onе is diffiсult h) Thе Меditеrranеanis not ....thе PaсifiсOсеan. largе i) This сlassroom is ............... ........ thе onе nеxt door. ttig j) This is ............... ........ tеlеvision programmе I,vееvеrwatсhеd. bad 2 153
- 159. lNтERIшЕDlAтE LANGUAGЕ PRAстlсЕ 3Complеte the seсond sentenсеso that it has a similarmeaning to the first 5entenсe. a) David is a bеtterrunnеr than Paul. Paul is not... g{. 3!. p' d.. g'..rr'ш.e:..4.s...2q b) Nobody in thе сlassis tallеr than Alison. Alison is the ......... с) I havеn,t writtеn as muсh as you. You,vе writtеn d) Janе,shair isn,t as long as Sophiе,s. Sophiе,shair is е) No studеnt in thе sсhool is noisieт than I am! I,m thе Г) This еxhibition is muсh morе intеrеstingthan thе last onе. Тhе last еxhibition was not g) This is as fast as thе сar сan go. Тhе сarсan,t.......... h) Katе atе mцсh lеssthan Andrеw did. Kаtе didn,t 4 Putonesuitabte wordin eaсhspaсе. a) our tеamis ..... .jц'.t....'.. .......'..4.,t........ good........g.,|......... yourtеam. Thеy,rеboth thе samе. b) This is onе of .............. famouspaintingsin thе world. с) Еvеryonеdid .......... work........'. Philip d) You,rеnot a safеdrivеr!You should dтivе ......... slowly. е) Ann is tallеr .. Мikе but thеir son Dаve is ..................... tallеstin thе family. f) What an awful book. It,sonе of .....intеrestingI,vе еvеr rеad. g) It makеsno diffеrеnсе,bесausеthis road is ^, ;;;;;;; .......::.1l.::i.'o ..yеstеrday, soI,mwеaring myshorts. 5 Correсt thе spel|ingof thеsewords where nесessary. bad a) bigеst b) grеattеst с) shоrtеr d) likеliest е) tallеst fatеr smalеst longеst harddеr wеttest 0 s) h) i) i) k) fiter l) tighter m) nеwеst n) hеaviеr.. o) widdеr t54
- 160. 6 GRA}TiTAR 3E IuAкlNGCo]Y|PARlsoNs For eaсhquestion,сompletеthe sесondsеntenсеso that it mеansthе samеas the first, using no more than three words. 0 Сould you not talk so fast,plеasе? Сould уou''..t.lt.[K,'ry!4r9,{'L.a'w.l.Y, plеasе? The last film wе sawWasmorе frightеning than this onе. This film ........ as thе lastonе. Nobody in thе сlassсooks bеttеrthan Sam. Samis ...'.... in thе сlass. You ran a lot fastеrthan I did. I didn'trun ............ ............... you. Small сars arе molе есonomiсal than largесars. Largесarsarе............. smallсars. Skatingisn,t as еxсiting as skiing. Skiingis ............... skating. Riсhard doеsn,twork hardеr than Alan. Alan worksjust............ Riсhard. h) Jaсk isn,t as intеrеstеdin football as his brothеr is. Jaсk,sbrothel ............... in footballthan hе is. i) Bill is thе youngеst in thе family. Еvеryonееlsеin thе fаmily ........ Bill. i) I havеn,t еatеnas muсh asyou. You'vееatеn......... а) b) с) d) е) s) 155
- 161. Understanding phrasal verbs Verbs withthree parts Еxplanation s r Thе tеrm ,phrasal r-егb'mеans a normal vеrb likе get, Iook,tсke followеd by onе or two рrеpositlons likе bасk, off, up еtс. Look at thеsе еxamplеs: | Гlео't Iаkе tlti;|:Utе tОtttуIеасhеr. (nоrmal r'еrb пrеaning: .to movе somеthing from onе plaсе to anothеr,) 2 Tсlkе off t't.tr sltсlеs |lеfоrеvoц сomе iп' (phrasalr-еrbпrеaning: .to rеmo'е somеthing,) З 11gtook off itt tltеtttiс1dlе of 0 storпt. lphгasa1r-еrbпrеaning: .rтhеn a planе goеs up into thе air,) -hеn tl.rеpтеpositiorr is addеd thе mеaning of thе original vеrb сhangеs. Soпlеtiп.lеsthеrе is still a rеlationship and you сan guеss thе mеaning (sее2 abor-е),somеtimеs thеrе is a nеW mеaning that is сomplеtеly diffеrеnt (sееЗ abovе). r Thеrе arе diffеrеnt typеs оf phrasal vеrbs, dеpеnding on whеthеr thеrе is onе prеposition or two, and whеthеr thе vеrb and prеposition сan bе sеparatеd. In this book Grammar 38 and З9 сovеr diffеrеnt typеs. r Thеrе arе many phrasal vеrbs, and only a fеw сommon onеs arе givеn in thеsе two units. Whеn you sее a nеW phrasal vеrb for thе first timе you should study thе сontеxt of usе, and сhесk thе mеaning in a diсtionary. Phrasal vеrbs arе partiсularly сommon in informal writing and spеесh. Мost of thе vеrbs in thе list bеlow nееd an objесt, and thе objесt сan only сomе at thе еnd, aftеr both thе prеpositions: I,m lookiпg forwаrd to mу holidауs. With vеrbs markеd with an astеrisk * thеrе is no objесt, and thе final prеposition is not usеd. саtсh up with* (rеaсh somеonе by going fastеr) Yоu сап rеst now сtпdсаtсh up with us lоtеr. You,regoiпg too fаst! I ссlп,tсаtсh up! сut down oп* (rеduсе thе amount of) Shеilа hсlsdeсided to сut down oп holidаys this уeаr. You,rеeаtiпg too mапу Sweets.You should сut dowп. drop iп on* (visit foт a short timе) Lеt,s drop iп on Dауid while we,reiп Pаris. Thе пехt time уou,re nеаrby,plесlsedo drop iп! gеt сllottg/onwith* (havе a friеndly rеlationship with) rL1|llеs dОеSt1,t get oп well with his mаths tесlсhеr. It g rr'ork itl tllе sаmе offiсе, but we doп,tget on. 156
- 162. Verbswith two parts:transitive аnd inseparable GRAммAR39 PнRAsAL vERBs 1 keepup with" (movе at thе samеspееdas) You,re goiпg toofаst!I саn,t keеp up with уott. Pаttуfinds this сlаssdiffiсult,аnd саn,tkeep up. live up tо (bеas good as somеonеехpесts) Theftlm didп,tlive up to oureхpeсtаtioпs. look fotwаrdto (think you will еnjoy) I,m lookiпg forwаrd to goiпgon holidау this уeаr. Notе that fo is a prеposition hеrе and so is followеd by thе -itlgfotm of thе vеrb. Iookout onto/over (havе a viеw of) our hotelroom looks out ot|to the lаke. put up with (aссеptwithout сomplaining) I cап,tput up with аll this noise! ruп out of (havеno morе of) I thiпk theсаr is аboutto run out of petrоl! Thereisп,tаnу morеmilk. We,уerun out. Thеsеphrasalvеrbs takе an objесt (thеword for this is ,transitivе,).Thе objесt must сomе aftеrthе prеposition, not bеtwееnthе vеrb and thе prеposition (thе word for this is .insеparablе,). саlIfor (сomе to your housе and сollесt) We,lIcаll for уou аbout8.00 sopleаsebereаdу. (NoTa]a+юн#) саIlon (visit for a short timе) I саIIed on Profеssor|onesаnd wishedher а Hаppу Birthdау. deаIwith (takеaсtion to solvе a problеm) Сould уou deаl with this сustomer,s problempleаse? get аt (try to say,suggеst) Hеleп сouldп,tuпderstапdwhаt herbosswаsgеtting аt. getover (rесovеrfrom) Peterwаs ill with f7u,but hе'sgettiпg over it пo-w' heаdfor (gо in thе dirесtion o0 Theesсаpеd prisoneris thoughtto beheadiпg for Loпdotl. join in (takеpart in, сontributе to) WhenAleх stаrtеdsitlgittg, a'еry'ollе ioiпed iп. seeto (payattеntionto, оftеn mеaning .геpair,) The brаkesoп your саr needseeing to. stаndfor (tolетatе) I will not stапd for so muсhtаIkitlg! tаkеаfter (bеsimilaт in appеaтanсеor сharaсtеr) Kаren tаkes аfter her mothеr.They,revеrysimilаr. 157
- 163. r i ri t INтERпnEDlAтE tANGUAGE PRACтICЕ Complеtееaсhsentеnсe(a-h)withan ending (1_8). a) If you havе any kind of problеm, iust сall mе and I,1ldеal b) I,vеbееn so busy latеly that I,vеdесidеd to сut с) Ann and Suе arе rеally looking d) our tеасhеrtold us that shе would not stand е) Nеarly еvеrybody saysthat Мark takеs fl Jaсkiе is vеry ftiеndly and gеnеrallygеts g) Half-way through thе raсе,Мartin found that he сouldn,t h) Wе wеrе told that thе сonсеrt was going to bе good but it 1 for сhеating in our еnd-of-tеrmtеst. 2 on wеll with thе pеoplе shе works with. 3 with it as soon as I сan. 4 aftеrhis fathет,ssidе of the family. 5 down on thе amount of timе I spеnd watсhing tеlеvision. 6 up with thе othегsany morе. 7 up to our еxpесtationsat all. 8 forward tо sееingyou both again in July. 3 kееp........... didn,tlivе ........... 2 Undеrlinethе сorreсtprepositionin еaсhsеntеnсе. a) Сan you еxplain that again? I don,t know what you,теgеtting ф/with/d b) Hе,sa vеry striсt tеaсhеr.Hе doеsn,tstand for/up/with any bad bеhaviour in сlass. с) I еnjoyеd London, but it didn,t rеally livе up to/with/for my еxpесtations. d) I smokе 20 сigarеttеsa day, but I,m trying to сut off/through/down. е) I think shе has got over/by/down thе brеak-up with hеr boyfriеnd. 0 I,ll сa||bу/iп/for you at еight o,сloсk,аnd thеn wе,ll go to thе party togеthеr. g) I,m going сrazy! I сan,t pttt off/up/doууn with so muсh сonfusion! h) I,m luсky, I gеtoп/off/over rea||уwеll with my сollеaguеs. i) If you miss too many lеssons,it,s diffiсult to сatсh over/щ/with. i) It,sdiffiсult to kееp аloпglbу/upwith сhangеs in bio-tесhnology. k) Мy сar needs a serviсе - thе еnginе neеds sееing iп/to/аt' l) Thе printеI is working, but it,s run аwау/out/dowп of ink. 158
- 164. 3 E GRA}liiAR 39 PнRAsALvЕRBs l Completeeaсhsentenсewith a box. Use eaсhone onсe only. suitableform of onе of thе phrasalverbsin the in on gеt on with forwатd to run out of Thеbookyoulеnt ^" .,. d'idi.t.,.|уvp.. ll,p..t'q....... m}. ехpесtation s. Any timе you,rеin thе arеa,fееlfreеto ....u5. Soтry,wе havе .......... orangеjuiсе.:ouldr-оulikе somе watеr? Unfortunatеly Susiеdoеsn,t ....hег nеrr.nеighbouгs. Bill lеft bеforеI did, but I ran and '...him' I,m rеally ....my holiday in Italy nеxt rд-ееk. It was a diffiсult сlass,and I сouldn,t ....thе othег studеnts. h) You should ....smoking if you сan,t stop сomplеtеlv. Rewriteeaсh sеntеnсeso that it does not сontain the words in itoliсs,but does сontaina phrasa!verb. a) Brian and his mothеr аrеvеrysimilаr' .,'P.r'Lзw..t.q.krд''ъft.er..b'll...унthr-:' b) Thеrеisп,t апy food left! с) Мikе and Tom аrеп,tverygoodfтiеnds' d) Jеan is very good at hаndliпgpеoplе,sproblems, е) Thе handlеbarson my bikе nееd fiхiпg. fl Julia Wasvеry ill, but she,sreсovеred now. g) What еxaсtly arе you suggesting? h) Paul,s nеw sсhool wаSrt,tаs good аs hе eхpeсtedit to be. :r',,1:::il:iii;;lll a) b) с) d) е) 0 s) 4 159
- 165. lNтER1YtEDlAтЕ tANGuAGЕ PRACтIсE 5Rewritеeaсh sentenсeso that it has a similarmeaning and сontainsthe word in bold. a) Somеoneneedsto look at thе сеntral hеating systеm. seeing ...1.!*'.сp.lзt.rg.|.'hpg.&ш.'tу.tt.o..|у.L...ц{44.{..'tz+i| b) Lеt,spay a surprisеvisit to Julia whilе wе,rеhеrе. drop Wе,rеgoing in thе dirесtion of Paris. hеading our hotеl room has a viеw of thе main road! looks Two сhildrеn startеdplaying, and thеn thе othеrs playеd too. Ioinеd Wе paid a visit to my aunt on hеr birthday. сallеd с) d) е) s) h) D I,m afraid that wе run havеn't got any eggslеft. Мoniсa will сomе and сollесt you at 6.30. сall Nobody understood what I was trying to say. gеtting I сan,t bеar so muсh air pollution! put 160
- 166. Чelrbswith two piаrt.s: transitive arпdsеparabIе Еxplanations Thеsеphrasalvеrbstakеan objесt(thеwordfor this is ,transitir.е't. Тhis obiесt сan сomе aftеrthе prеposition or bеtwееnthе vеrb and thе pгеpositiоn rso thе vеrbsarе,sеparablе,). We brought up this сhild. We brought hеr up. In gеnеral,as in thе еxamplеsabovе,objесt phrasеstеnd to bе put aftегthе prеposition whilе pronouns (suсh aSуoщ it, him, her,uS,them)arеalи'ar.sput bеtwееnthе vеrb and thе prеposition. briпgup (look aftеra сhild until adult) Tom,sаunt brought him up аfterhis pаreпtsdiеd. cаll off (сanсеl) The sсhoolсаlled off themаtch bесаuseof bаd weаther, сIeаrup (makесlеan and tidy) Сould you hеlp mе сIeаr up theroomаfter thepаrty? сut off (bеdisсonnесtеdduring a phonе-сall) I,d just got throughto Delhi wheпI wаs cut off. This is usually usеd in thе passivе. filI in (сomplеtеby writing) Сould you ftlI this forrп in with аIl уour detаils,pleаse? giveup (stоpdoing somеthing) Pаul hаd togive up уmпаstiсs beсаuseof iпjury. kпoсkout (makеunсonsсious) Brysonknocked his opponeпt out iп theseсoпdrouпd. Iеtdowп (disappoint,fail to kееp a promisе) Аnn sаid shewouldhelp,but shelet me down. lookup (find information in a rеfеrenсеbook) I looked this word up in а diсtionаrуапd in аn enсуclopediа' piсk up (сollесtin a сar) The tахi wiIIpick you up аt 6.З0. put off (postponе) The wеаtherwаs bаd, so theуput off themаtсh for а weеk. put up (providе aссommodation in somеonе,shousе) A frieпd in Prаguеput me up for а сoupleof пights. 761
- 167. lNтERlYlEDlAтE LANGuAGE PRACтlсЕ Verbswithtwo parts:intransitivе tаkeup (start a hobby or aсtiviф Sаm hаs iust tаken up pаrасhutiпg. try oп (put on сlothеs to seеif thеy aтеsuitablе) I tried the coаt oп, but it was toobig апd thеwrongсolour. turn oп/off (bеgin or stop opеrating еlесtriсal еquipmеnt) Don,t forgetto tutn off thе light beforeуougo to bеd. wаshup (сleanplates,knivеs and forks еtс.) Аfrer thepаrф,Mаrtin'wаshed up аIl theglаsses. Thеsеphrasal vеrbs do not havе an objесt. brеаkdown (stopworking, еspесiallyсars) Thе саr broke dowп whenwe wеreoп themotor.wау' dropout (stop beforе you finish) Two of therunnersilropped out hаlf-wау throughtherасе' getoп (makеprogrеss) Ninа likeshernew сollege,апd is gettiпg on ууeII. getаwау (esсapе) Оne of theburglаrswаs саught,but thеothergot аwсtу. rrow up (сhangе from a сhild to an adult) I grew up iп а smаIl town iп Peru. set off/out (begin a journеy) We set off eаф to аvoid the traffiс. tаkeoff (whеn a planе lеavеs thе gтound) Оurplапe took off morefuаn thrеehourslаte. turn uР (агтivе,often unехpесtеdly) We inуitеd twentуpеople,but oпIyfive turned up. L62
- 168. GRAмttiAR 40 PHRAsAtvERBs 2 Completeeaсhsеntanсеwith onе suitab]е word. a) Jеssaskеdif shе сould hеlp mе ltЪ'r!э,''..... up thе diгty dishеs. b) I nееd a diсtionary, so I сan .. up this word. с) If I Wеrеyou I,d ..................... off еarlybесausеЕdinburghis a long way. d) our mееting tomorrow has bееn .. off, I,m afraid. е) I,m not surеaboutthе sizеof this сoat,so сan I .......... it on? f) Robеrt had to .. in a foгm, giving all his pеrsonal dеtails. g) You,ll nеvеrguеsswho ........... up at our sсhoolparty lastwееk! h) Six pеoplеappliеdfor thе job,but onе of thеm ..................... out. Rewriteeaсhsentеnсеso that it hasa similarmeaningand сontainsthe word in bold. a) Don,t lеavе the lights on whеn you lеavе thе sсhool. turn ..........T.у+.суу..the..|g.hts...qff..w.h*ru.у.q!{..L9fl'.V.f b) Jaсk aтrivеdhalf-way through thе lеsson. turn You сan staywith us foг a wееk. put Мarta is doing wеll in hеr Еnglish сlass. gеt Lidia spеnt hеr сhildhood in Uтuguay. grеW How do you startthе сomputеr? turn Сarol сhесkеdthе datеsin an еnсvсlоnеdia. look h) Surfing is a grеatsport.Whеn did you staгtdoing it? takе с) d) е) fl s) 163
- 169. lNтЕRIvtED!AтЕ tANGUAGЕ PRAстl(Е Comp|eteеaсhsentеnсe(a_h)withan ending (l-8). a) It,s,еryсold and wеt at thе momеnt SoWеlvеput ....3.... b) Маr}z's palеntswеrеquitе striсtand broughthеr ........... с) buг room is vеry untidy! Сould you сlеar d) I tvastalking to Hеlеn whеn suddеnly wе WеIесut е) Zoе triеd to pеrsuadеhеr mothеr to givе fl Тim startеdpainting his room this morning and hе,sgеtting gt If vou likе, wе сould сomе and piсk ht branсh of a trее fеll and knoсkеd 1 it up plеasе,and put еvеrything away. ? Pеtеrout for a fеw momеnts. З off our gardеnparty until nеxt wееk' -1 up smoking, but shе didn,t havе muсh suссеss. 5 on vеry wеll so far. 6 off and I сouldn,t gеt hеr numbеr aftеrthat. ] r'ou up in our сar at about 7.00. 8 up to bе vеry politе and obеdiеnt. G dr t64
- 170. 2 Underlinе thе сorreсtword or рhrase in еaсh sеntеnсе. a) I think my sсhool is just аs good/bе.ttеt than yours. b) Thеrе arе еnough applеs for onе eасh/еvery. с) Sharon has bееn wоrking verу hаrd/hаrdly. d) Сould you givе me ап/somе information, plеasе? е) Тhis тs thе bеst/betteriсе-сtеam in thе worldl f) I,vе bееn working in this сompany for/sinсethrеe months. g) Thеrе are пo/пoпе еggs lеft in thе fridgе. h) Thе news is/аre on in a fеw minutеs. Dесide whiсh answer (A, B, с or D) best fits eaсh spaсе. Lifе on thе fоrm I was (1) ....P..... by rny unсlе and aunt and (2) '.....'.... on a small farm in thе wеst of Еngland. I think it WaSbеttеr (3) ........... living in a сity, bесausе (4) ........... day I ran about in thе opеn air. (5) I wеnt to sсhool, (6) ........... I did was play on thе farm all day. (7) ........... my aunt and unсlе workеd with thе animals, and although thеy workеd vеry (8) , thеy always еxplainеd (9) ....'...... things to mе. Thеy didn't havе (10) monе,Y, but thеy (11) ...........wеll with еvеryonеl and wе didn,t havе (12) of thе problеms of living in thе сity. I always fеlt (13) on thе farm. Thеrе lтas (14) ........... noisе or pollution, and it was (15) pеaсеful.Тhat,s probablr- why I bесamе a farmеr whеn I was oldеr. 1) A livеd up to B takеn aftеr 2) A grеw up B ioinеd in 3) Aas Bmorе 4) Aеvеry Bin 5) Aby BnowadaYs 6) Aеvеry Bеaсh 7) AЕithеr BBoth 8) Ahardly Bhardеr 9) Aintеrеsts Bintеrеsting 10) Amuсh Blots 11) A droppеdin B got along 12) ^muсh Bnonе 1З) Ahappily Bahappy 14) Аarry B no 15) Atoo Bmuсh С grown up D bгoughт uр C turnеd up D put oii C than D thе С for D bоth С in timе D unti1 С nonе D a]l С Nеithеr D 1i С hard D hardеst С intеrеst D intеIеstеd С manl- D too С kеpt uр D dеalt with Сno Dany С hapрi D thе happy С nonе оf D not С rеa]h- D as 165
- 171. INтЕRrvlEDlAтЕ LANGUAGE PRAстlCE Forеaсhquestion,сomplеtethе seсondsentenсеso that it meansthe sameаs the first.usingno more than thrеewords. a) Thеsесlassroomsarеn,tvеry largе. хor.e .,.!f.t.!*:e сlassroomsarеvеry largе. b) Luсa won,t lеavе hеrе bеforе thе еnd of April. Luсa will bе hеrе thе еnd of Aоril. с) Wе don,t allow smoking in this сinеma. No ............. in this сinеma. d) Can you tеll mе what you think I should do? Сan you givеmе ....'........ ? е) Yоu,vеbееn waiting longer than I havе. I havеn,tbееnwaiting................ you havе. f) It,s4.00 noщ and I startеdwaiting hеrе two hоurs ago. l,vеbеenwaitinghеrе'.......... ..2'ОО. g) All сlassroomsmust bе kеpt сlеan. Еaсh.......... ...mustbе kеptсlean. h) Мost of thе сlasswalksto sсhool. Most of thе сlassсomеstо sсhool i) This is as far as Wесan go along this road. Wе сan,tgo .............. alongthis road. j) Тhе firе brigadеarrivеd too latе to saYеthе burning housе. Thе firе brigadеdidn,t arrivе......... ....to savеthе burning housе. Rewriteеaсhsеntеnсеso that it сontainsа form of a phrasalverb usingthе word in bo]d.Makе any othеr neсessary сhangеs. a) You сan сomе and staywith mе. put ... I. сaw..p. иt..уi14..|4,Р'.... b) Сarlos сan't stand thе traffiс anymorе. put с} Pеtеris making good progrеssat univеrsity. gеt I,il tidy up thе room if you do thе washing-up. сlеar 166 d)
- 172. е) s) GRAмIl|AR 41 сoNsotlDAтloN4 Wе,rеgoing in thе dirесtion of Madrid. hеad Why don,t you sеarсhfor this word in thе diсtionarr-? look Janе is vеry similar to hеr fathеr. takе h) Kеlly,s fathеr is trying to stоp srnoking. givе LookсarefulIy at еaсhline.Some linesare сorreсtbut somе havеa word whiсh shouIdnot bе there.тiсk (/) eaсhсorreсtline.lf a linе has a word whiсh should not bе therе,write the word in the spaсe. Holidаyproblеms 5 Last month wе dесidеd to drivе to Sсotland for a fеw days,for a short holiday. Wе wеrе thе rеally looking it forward to a quiеt rеstin thе сountry. Unfortunatеly,a lots of things wеnt wrong. First of all, thе сar WaSbrokе down iust aftеrwе had lеft homе, and we had to phonе a garagеand thеn wait by thе sidе of thе rоad for hours ago. By thе timе thе сar had bееn rеpairеd,it was toо muсh latе to go on, so WеWеntthе homе. Thе nеxt day wе sеt off morе еarly to avoid thе traffiс, but wе had forgottеn that it was a publiс holiday. Еvеry onе singlе pеrson in thе сountry must havе had thе samеidea, so wе found oursеlvеsin a long traffiс jam. Wе aftеr dесidеd that thе bеst thing to do was to takе aftеra diffеrеnt rоad, and look up for a hotеl. First wе got lost on a narrow сountry road, and thеn thе сar onсе lan out of thе pеtгol.Finally, Wеgavеup and wеnt homе for thе sесondtimе. 1 2 3 6 7 8 9 10 11 T2 1З Т4 15 T6 I7 18 ..........{........ thт 4 ..................... 5 ..................... t67
- 173. lNтЕRrilEDlATЕ tANGUAGE РRAстlCE 6Put one suitable word in eaсh spaсe, or leave thе spaсe b|ank. Whilе Lara was visiting (a| .,,,tk,,,,.. Unitеd Statеs,shе dесidеd to go by (b) ................ planе from (с) Nеw York to (d) ................ Wеst Сoast. Shе had alrеady stayеd with hеr friеnds (е) ................ two wееks, and thеy,d told hеr that (f) Сalifornia was a (g) morе еxсiting. ,It,s (h) ................ Warmеr/and you,ll bе ablе to swim in (i) ................ Paсifiс Oсеan!,, thеy said. Lara didn,t havе (i) information about flights, so shе wеnt to (k) ..'............. travеl agеnt,snеxt door to (l) .............''. blосk of flats whеrе shе was staying. Shе disсovеrеd that thеrе wеrе two flights (m) ................ nеxt morning, but shе сouldn't gеt (n) Sеaton (o) ................ of thеm. For еaсh question, сompletе the sесond sentenсe so that it mеans thе same as thе first, using no more than threе words. a) Nobody at all piсkеd up thе littеr. шot ....4..{l.Щ'L?'.......... pегSorrpiсkеd up thе littеr. b) Thеrе isn,t any сhееsе in thе fridgе. Thеrе is ....in thе fridgе. с) Pеoplе who arе riсh arеn,t nесеssarily happy. Тhе ...........' not nесеssarilyhappy. d) Janе,s drawing is bеautiful. Janе draws е) I havеn,t sееn a Worsе film than this onе. This is ....I havе еvеI Sееn. f) Hеlеn lеft Paris in July. Hеlеn stayеd in Paris ....July. Put one suitable word in eaсh spaсe. a) You woтk..W!:*9!l,........ hardеr......th!!w..'... I do. b) In '........ futurе, pеoplеwill livеlongеr ..thеydo now. с) Alех p1ays......... guitar in ..................... roсk band. d) Тhеrе is ..................... hot и'atеr lеft, but thеrе isn,t........... еt Hе соuld go norт hе'd ansrr,еlеd .. thе quеstions on sidеs of thе fоrm. f) Jogging isn't .......''.. intеrеsting .. playing tеnnis. g) i,ll rтait hеrе .. 6'00, so try and bе hеrе .. thеn. h) That и.asgrеatl It rvasthе.'............'...... mеal you,vе .. сookеd! 8 168
- 174. GRArvtгYtAR41 сoNsotIDAТloN 4 9Underlinethе errorsin thеsesеntеnсеs. Rеwritеeaсhsеntеnсе. a) I,m rеallyintеrеstingin thе travеl. ...t. Irw. .rчt!.l.у ..уrl.qr нt.pd ..Lш .t.r.qY. 9,L.,. .., .. b) Katе,sbrothеris doсtor. )roblem :heсk с) I atе a food With Jaсk, and aftеr that I wеnt homе. d) Thе milk is good for you. е) Сan you givе mе an adviсе? f) I'vе lookеd in thе box. A1l is brokеn, I,rn afraid. g) Thеy will havе finishеd thе nеw hospital until thе еnd of Мay. h) Thеrе,s a poliсе waiting outsidе. i) I сomе to сlass with thе fееt. i) Your hair arеvеry bеautiful. Тime words like fol sincе and ogo are Iinked to the use of tensеs. Сheсk Grаmmar 4, 5,6 and 7. Тhe same word сan be сountabIе and unсountable with a сhange of meaning. Whiсh words of this kind do you know? Cheсk with Grammar 33. Compare thе uses of artiсles with artiсles in your language (if it has artiсlеs). Note that the сhoiсe of artiсlе сan depend on meaning and сontеxt. Сhесk with Grammar 34 and 35. Avoid using morе than thrеe adjeсtivеstogether. Note the d;fferenсе bеtwееn hord and hordlу' Cheсk with Grammar 37. What is the differenсe betwееn сomparative аnd superlatives?Arе thеy usеd in thе same ways in your language? Cheсk with Grammar 38. Phrasalvеrbs сan havе many meanings, so сheсk in a diсtionary.Маkе suгethat you know whеre in the еntry for the main verb you сan find thе phгasa|vеrbs (it is right at thе end of the entry,after thе various meanin9s of the main verb usеd alonе). t69
- 175. Verbs foIlowеd by -ingor infinitive: littIeor no сhangе of mеaning Verbs followed by to + infinitivе Еxplanations Whеn you lеarn a nеlY vеrb, it is advisablе to сhесk in a diсtionary whеthеr it is followеd by thе -ittgfoтm (atso сallеd thе gеrund) or an infinitivе with or without ro. If thе infinitivе is without to it caгl bе сallеd a barе infinitivе. Grammar 42 and 4З inсludе somе of thе most сommon vеrbs, but thеsе arе only a sеjесtion. l Somе r.егbs сan bе follorvеd еithет bу an -iпg form, or fo + infinitivе, and thеге is littlе oг no сhangе in mеaning. Vеrbs in this list inсludе: bеgilt, сotltitll|е,|lot bеоr, hоtе' itltепd, Iikе, lovе,prefer,stаrt I.ltеttsltеstood ttp, thе Prеsidеt.tt begаn to speоk/speаkiпg. Somepeoplе аt thе bасk сontinued сhаtting/to сhаt' I ссltl,tbeаr listening/to listen for о loпg time. Whаt do уou inteпd doing/to do сlboutit? I don,t like wаtсhing tеlеvision.I prefer reаding/to reаd. I thiпk уou should Stаrt prаctisiпg/to prасtise now! r Thеrе сan bе a small diffеrеnсе bеtwееn likе to do aлd like doing. To + infinitivе suggеsts that somеthing is a good idеa although you don't nесеssarily enjoy it. The -iпg form shows you еnioy somеthing. I like to hаve а short wаlk аftеr my eveningmeаl. I like listeniпg to thе rаdio. r Notе that With ,ptеfеr, we prefer onе thing to anothеr thing. If thе things arе aсtivitiеs, thе -ing form is usеd. Tom prefеrs rеаding to wаtсhing televisioп' l Hаte doing ts morе сommon, ехсеpt in thе fixеd еxprеssion .I hatе to tеll you this, but ...'. I hаte doing the wаshiпg-up! I hаte to tell уou this, but wе,vеmissed the lаst trаiп! r Whеn Wе usе thе modal уеrb would with likе, love,prеfer and hаte wе must usе ro + infinitivе. I,d like to go to Portugаl this summer. I,d prefer to do it mуsеIf,if уou doп,t miпd, Somе vеrbs сan only bе followеd by thе infinitivе with fo. Thеsе inсludе: аfford, аsk, сhoosе, hаppen, help, mапаge, offer, rеfusе, wаit, want |7О
- 176. Vеrbs followed by to+ infinitive, or tfiot-сIausе GRAмttiAR 42 vERBs FoLLowED BY -,,vG oR lNЕlNlтlvE 1 I саn,tаfford to go to thесinemа twiсeiп otlеъ,eek. Iп theeпd,Lаurа chose to studу Есoпomiсs. Do уou hоppen to kпow the time? Сould someone help me to саrry this?* (Hеlp is also used without to.Сould you help me сarry,tltis?) |im саn,tmcШu|gе to come this evening. I offered to give her а lift, but shesаid she,dorderеdсl tахi. Thе mапаgerrefused to see me. Thereаresomеpeoplewаiting to seeyou. Whаt do you wаnt to do this eveniпg? r Somе vеrbs сan bе followеd by thе infinitivе with fo,or a thаt сlausе.It is possiblеto lеavе ol,ltthаtin еverydayspеесh.Thеsеvеrbs inсludе; аgree,deсidе,ехpeсt,hope,leаrn,preteпd,promise,seem,wish We deсided to go home' Mike eхpects to win, I hope to seeуou lаter. Heleпpreteпded to be ill' Wе deсided (thаt) .wewould go home. Mike eхpeсts(thаt) he will wiп. I hope (thаt) I,ll seeyou lаter' Helenpretended (thаt) she wаs ill' Notе that if we usе a thаt-с|alsewe follow thе tеnsеrules of геportеdspеесh. So, for еxamplе,will changеsto wouldin thе past: Sаrаhаgrees to meet уou аfterschool. Sаrаhауees thаt she wiII tпeеt уou аftersсhool. Sаrаhаgreed to meet me аftersсhool. Sаrаh аgrеed-(thаt) she would meet me аfterschool. Thеrе is a small diffеrеnсebеtwееnleаrnto aг,dlеаrnthаt. At schoolGrаhаmleаrned to speаk Freпch.(lеarn a skill) Аt sсhoolwe leаrned thаt theЕаrthgoesroundtheSuп.(|earninformation) Notе thе two forms of seem.It +seem+ thаt-с|alsеis vеry сommon. Youseem to know theапswer! It seems thаt you know theаnswer' Wish fo||owedbу to +infinitivе has a similar mеaning to 14)аnt. I wish to leаve еаrIуtodаy' Wish fo||owеdby a thаt-с|alsеusually inсludеs wouldot could. I wish (thаt) I could leаveeаф. I.tltish(thаt) mу teасher would let mе leаveeаrlу. t71
- 177. a) b) lNтER1t,lEDlAтЕ LANGUAGЕ PRAстlCЕ Undеrlinеthеerrorsin thеsеsentenсes. Somеsentеnсеs do not havееrrors. Rewriteеaсh sеntenсеthat has an error and tiсk (/) the sеntenсeswhiсh are сorreсt. Jim сan,t afford going to thе сinеma twiсе a wееk. ..Jlуt+. .с4 n: t' gff.q.r d. ..t p3!..ta. ..tk..qiшryl!| ..fu .Lсe ..ql ..w. *'k' David wishеs lеaving thе room. с) Arе you waiting to usе thе phonе? d) I,d rеally likе going swimming on Saturday. е) Еmma prеtеndedlеaving,but waitеd оutsidе. fl Jamеsagrееdto mееt mе at thе bеaсh. g) Мy bikе sееms having somеthing Wlong with it. h) Thе dirесtor геfusеdanswеringHеlеn,sphonе сall. 2 Complеtеeaсhsеntеnсеwith a form of one of the verbsfrom thе box. Usееaсh verb onсе only. сontirruе еxprсt offеr prеfеr t._, a) John rca||у'...!..9.Y9{......... spеndingall day at thе bеaсh. b) I,m сomplеtеly brokе, so I сan,t .. to go on holiday. с) Еxсusеmе, but do you .. to know thе way to old Strееt? d) Wе .. our tеam to win, but thеy wеrе badly bеatеn. е) Carolyn .. to spеakFrеnсh and Gеrman whеn shе Wasat sсhool. 0 Еvеn whеn thе еxaminеr told him to stop, Robеrt .. spеaking. g) I,m sorry,but I сan,t .. to listеn to this awful musiс! h) Last wееk Chris .. to hеlp mе paint my bikе. i) Paul ........... to havе a bad lеg so hе didn,t havе to go to thе gym. j) Sam usually .. playing foоtball to doing homеwork. t7z
- 178. a) b) с) d) е) 0 s) h) i) i) 3 4 GRAмпnAR 42 vERBsFoLLoWЕD BY.,,{G oR lNFlNlтlvE.I Completethe sесondsentenсeso that it hasa similarmеaningto the first sentеnсe. a) МY tеaсhеrwouldn,t lеt mе lеavе еаrly, Mytеaсhеr rеfu sеd'.. t,a.. .L?.t'''ryp...Lqу r,.. gд.r!у. b) Jill sangwithout stopping for an houт. Jill сontinuеd.............. с) Apparеntly you,vе pаssеdthе еxam. It sееms d) Riсhard thinks hе,sgoing to do wеll. Riсhard еxpесts е) What arеyour plans for thе summеr? What do you intеnd ............ ? f) Сlеаring up my room is somеthing I dislikel I hatе g) Liz said shе,dgo tо thе сinеma with mе. Liz agrееd h) Tina and Brian arе gеtting maггiеd. i) Tina and Brian havе dесidеd Sее you latег, I hopе. I hopе What do you fanсy doing this еvеning? What do you want Complete eaсh sentenсewith onе of the words from the box. Greg oftеn ...{9.e.!w...... to bе worriеd. I ..................... to tеll you this,but wе,vеlost all our money. Do you .. to go for a walk this aftеrnoon? I ..................... Ann to wait for mе,but shеdidn,t. Katrina .. to bесomе a сhampion skatеr. Thе poliсе offiсer .. to listеn to my еxplanation. Pеtеr.......... to work on Saturdayinstеadof оn Friday. I,d ..................... to sееyou againsomеtimе. Aftеr a lot of thought, Jim finally .. to spеnd his holidаr in Pеru. I askеdmy tеaсhеrfor hеlp, and shе .. to gir.еmе еtIа lеssons. t7З
- 179. INтЕRпnЕD!AтE LANGUAGE PRAст!CЕ 5Rewritееaсh sеntеnсeso that it has a similarmеaning and сontainsthe word in bold. a) What aIеyou thinking of doing? intеnd ...!:{ h!|.t. .d.q. .у.q.*. .iw. s4d.. tp... d.q.? ... .'' b) I find gеtting up еarly unbеarablе! bеar с) I,1lsееyou in to thе moming, I еxpесt. ,I,llbе baсk at 6.0o.,said Susan. promisеd Pat was taught to drivе when hе Wasyoung. lеarnеd .Would you likе mе to hеlp you?, I askеdJoе. offеrеd Еllеn didn,t havе еnough monеy foт thе tiсkеt. afford 'I won't help!' said Tom. rеfused d) е) s) h) t74
- 180. Vеrbs fol|owed by -ingor infinitive: сhange of meaning Vеrbsfo|Iowedby -ingor infinitive withoutto:сhangе of meaning Explanations Somе vеrbs сan bе followеd еithеr bу an -iпgform, or fо + infinitir-е,and thеrе is a сhangе in mеaning. Study thе еxamplеsbеlow сaгеfulir.. remembеrand forget Wе usе remember/forget doiпg(or remembеr/forget followеd bг fllrzf-сlausеi for mеmoriеsof thе past (thеaсtion happеnsbеforеthе rеmеmbегingl'ъ usе rеmembеr/forget to do for aсtions somеonеis/wassupposеdto do (thе rеmеmbеringhappеns bеforеthе aсtion). I remembet telling уou! (tеll € rеmеmbеr) ThenI rememberedthаt уou werеout. (go out € rеrnеmbеrl Remember to tаke уourkeys! (rеmеmbеr) takе) I,ll neverforyet leаrпing to drive! (Iеarn € forget) I forgot thаt I,dpromisеdtophoneуou. (promisе€ forgеt) Sorry,I forgot to post уour lettеr. (forgеt ) post) meап Wе usе meапdoing(ot meаnfollowеd |эуthаt-c|ausе) whеn onе thing rеsultsin or involvеs anothеr.Wе usе meапto do to еxprеssan intеntion. Keеpiпgftt meапs tаking eхerсiseeverуdау! (=involvеs) WheпI miss thebus,it meаns thаt I hаve to wаlk to sсhool. (=involvеs) |ап meапt to wаtсh theprogrаmme, but shеforgot. (=intеndеd) stop Wе usе stopdoiпgwhen wе еnd an aсtion. Wе usе Stopto dowhеn wе givе thе rеasonfoг stopping. |o hаs Stopped lеаrпiпg Frеnсh. We stoppеd to look сlt thе view. Stop iS not followеd by a thаt-с|alа'se. trу Wе usе trydoiпgwhеn wе do somеthing and sееwhat happеns.Wе usе tl1'todo whеn wе makе an еffort to do somеthing,but don,t nесеssarilysuссееd. If you hаveа heаdасhe, try tаking twoof these pills' (=еxpеrimеntt Peter trted to lift the tаble, but it tltаs too heоуу, (hе failеd in this саsе, Trу is l;ot followеd bу a thаt-c|alsе. r Sоmе vеrbs сan bе followed by an objесt + ing, or an infinitir-е rтlthоut Гtl. Thеrе is a сhangе in mеaning. Thеsе vеrbs arе somеtimеs сa1lеd .r-еrbsof pеrсеption, and inсludе: fеel, heаr, listeп to, see, wаtсh r If wе sее or hеar only part of thе aсtion, or it сontinuеs. 1.е usе thе -illg form. If Wе sее or hеar thе wholе aсtion from bеginning to еnd. rте usе thе infinitivе without fo. 175 (=gavеup lеarning) (=in ordеr to look)
- 181. lNтЕRUIEDIAтЕ LANGUAGЕ PRACтIсЕ IСompaте: I сouldfеel mу hаndsshаkiпg with fеаr! I felt thebuildiпgmove! We wаtсhed |oeeating his lunch. Wewаtched Ioеeаt his lunсh' (сontinuing aсtion) (сomplеtеdaсtion) (partof thе aсtion) (wholе aсtion) Vеrbsfollowеd by -ingor noun Verbsfollowed bY -ing,or noun, or thot-сlausе rThеsеvеrbsсanbеusеdwithathаt-с|alsеwithaсhangеofmеaning. I feel thоt tltis is the time to resign. (=beliеvе) We hеаrd that у,ottweтe ill. (= rесеivе nеws) I sаw that it wсlstoo lаte' (= rеalizе) Somе vеrbs сan bе followеd еithеr by anothеr vеrb in an -iпg form or a rroun. Thеsе inсlu dе:сlislikе,еtljoу,fапсу, *саn,thеIp, *kееp,mind, prасtise, саn,t stаnd, Тhosе maгkеd * har'е two mеanings. I dislikе going out iп therаiп' I rесtllу dislike mу new boss. Еveryoneenjoуs going topаrties. I eпioуed this lessoп' Do уou fаnсу going to theсinemа? I fапсу а swim! I саn,t help feeling huпgry. I cаn,t help mуself! (=I сan,t stop) Keep this, Doп,t throwit аwаy' Sue keeps phoning mе Iаtеаt niфt. (=сontinuеs with a bad habit) Do you mind wаiting? Do you mind сold weаther? I mustprасtise speаking Freпсhmoreoften' |utiаprасtises the violiп everydау. I саn,t stаnd wаkiпg up eаrlу' I сап,t stаnd hot апd spiсу food. r Somеvеrbs сan bе followеd еithеr by anothеr veтb in an .iпg form, or a noun, ot a thаt-с|aшsе. Theseinсludе: аdmit,deпу,imаgine,Suggest' TheMinister аdmitted tаkiпg а bribe. PаuI аdmitted thаt hе wаs wroпg. Tiпа deпied steаling themoпeу' Вoth mendeпiеd thаt theyhаd doneaпуthingwrong. Imаgine trаvelling to оnotherplаnet! Do уou reаIIуimоgiпe thаt I wаnt to seeуou аgаiп? l suggestgoiпg for а pizzа. l suggestthаt-wego for а pizzо. l Suggest сan also bе followеd bу should' I suggest thаt wе should go for а pizzа.
- 182. GRAмпnAR 43 vЕRBsFoLLoWED BY -,NG oR lNFlNlтIvE 2 Сontrastswith vеrbs from Grammar 42 areinсludеd hеrе. Underlinethe сorreсtword or phrasein еасhsentenсе. a) Tom suddеnly rеalizеdhе,d forgotten to loсkЛoсking his door. b) on thе wаy baсk we stoppеd to hауe/hаving somе tеa. с) Сould you stop to tаlk/tаIkiпg, plеasе. d) Lеarning a languagеmеans to be/beiпg intеrеstеdin anothег сultцге. е) Ann triеd to open/opeпiпg thе windoщ but it was too high to геaсh. f) Plеasеrеmеmbеrto tаke/tаkiпg thе dog for a walk. g) Сathy saysshе,ll nеvеr forgеt to skу-dive/skу-diving for the first timе. h) I don,t rеally rеmеmbеrto stаrt/stаrting sсhool whеn I was fivе. Еoreaсhquestion,сomplеtethe seсondsentenсeso that it meansthe sameas the first,usingno morethan thrеewords. a) Would you likе to go to thе bеaсh? o" .,..Y.9.*'fT'rpу....'..'..... going tothеbеaсh? b) Thе boy admittеd stеalingthе bikе. Thе boy admittеd stolеn thе bikе. с) Why don,t wе wait for thе bus? waiting for thе bus. d) David oftеn intеrrupts mе. David ............. mе. е) Is it all right if you сomе baсk latеr? сoming baсk latеr? f) Think Whatbеing a millionairе would bе likel -, ;;;;;;;;;";. ;;;;;;;;.;. a millionairе! I ................ eatinga lot. Underlinethe сorreсtverb in eaсhsеntenсе. a) Hеlеn enjoyed/Фosэtolеarn Frеnсh. b) I rеally can,t stапd/аffordto travel by planе. с) Do уo.; mind/wапtcoming baсk in half an hour? d) Tina suggested/meапtto buy somе potatoеs,but shе forgot' е) Еmily denied/refused opеning thе offiсе safе. f) Bill admitted/аgreed making a sеrious mistakе. g) Мy palеnts disliked/deсidеd to sеnd mе to a diffеrеnt sсhool. h) I rеally likе/fаnсya trip to thе сountry. 177
- 183. Ж lNтERмЕDIAтE LANGUAGЕ PRAстlCE 4Сompletееaсhsentеnсеwith a form of onе of the verbsin thе box. dеny ry If r.ou. .t.r.Y........... to work a bit haгdеr,I,m surеyou,ll passthе еxam. Кеr-in......... to havе toothaсhе,and lеft sсhool еarly. Тhе buildеrsarеnot surеof thе еxaсtdatе,but ..to startwork soon. dt Еmma .. to сall you last wееk, but shе forgot. еr Тhе .oman arrestеdby thе poliсе .. rоbbing thе bank. f r ou should .. spеaking to an audiеnсе, to gain сonfidеnсе. gr It'sintеrеsting to ..................... mysеlf living on a dеsеrtisland. ht I phonеd thе dirесtor six timеs, but shе .. to spеak to mе. Сomp|еtе еaсh sentenсе with one suitabIeword. a, Don,t .fqrg.p.t'...... to buy somеmilk on yourwayhomе. bi If ]'m latе, it .. I have to wait until thе nеxt lеsson bеgins. С' I ..'...'.............. throwing thе ball, but I didn,t brеak thе window. dr Pau] сan,t .......... thinking about his favouritе tеam. е ' Lisa .' forgеtting whеrе shе put hеr kеys. f r Gina .......... to сlimb in through thе windoщ but it was loсkеd. g, I ..................... plаying with my friеnds whеn I was littlе. h r ] сan,t .. walking homе in thе rainl It,shorriblеI a) bl сl ' )ra l' -. '/---v? t/,' t78
- 184. Еxplanations r Some vеrbsarе followеd by a partiсular prеposition. bu сan сhесk this in a diсtionary. Somе сommon еxamplеs aге givеn bеlorv. About dreаm know tаlk AL Iаugh look For аpologizе apPlу аsk Iook pаy wаit Iп believe suссeеd of ассuSe remind tаste Оп depепd relу To beloпg eхpIаin Iend listеп tаlk I dreоmed аbout Hаrry lаst пight. Do уou kпow а lot аbout eсonomiсs? Whаt аreуou tаIking аbout? Doп,t lаugh аt me. Look аt thаt bеаutifulсherrytree! I must аpologize for beinglаtе. |ill hаs аpplied for сlпewjob. Why doп,twеаsk for thebill? I,m looking for thеbusstаtion. Sheilаpаid for mу tiсket. I,ll wаit for уou outside. Do you believeiп ghosts? Hеleпsuсceedediп сolleсting tЗ5 for сhоrity' Albert wаs ассused of spyiпg. This сity reminds me of BueпosАires' Doesуour сoffeetаste of soаp? I might сome,It depеnds oп thеweаthеr. Youсаn relу oп Аnn to workhоrd. Doеs this beloпg to уou? Сouldуou eхplаin something to mepleаsе? Briап leпt his саr to mеfor theweekеnd. Wе сan also say:Briап lent me his соr. You,re пot listening to me! Еlleп wаs tаIkiпg to hermotheroп theplюltе 179
- 185. lNтERlt,lЕDlAтE LANGUAGE PRAстICE be+ аdjeсtivе prеposition with r In quеstionsthе prеposition usually goеsat thе end. Whаt аreуou tаlkiпg аbout? Who аrеуou looking for? Whаt аreуou listeпiпgto? Notе that in thе list bеlow thе following adjeсtivеsoссur twiсеi аngry| аппoуed, plеаsed, sorry,one of thе prepositionsis usеd whеn thеy rеfеrto pеoplе and onе whеn thеy rеfеrto things (this is shown in thе list). Аbout аngry(+things), апnoуed(+things), eхсited,hаppу,pleаsed (+things), right,sorry(+things), иpsef Helen is eхcited аbout wiпning theprize. I,m sorry аbout your difficulties' Саn I help? Аt bаd,good Dorа is reаllуgood аt mаths. For fаmous,lаte, reаф, sorry @ pеoplе) Оur сiф is fаmous for its beаutifulbuildiпgs. I wаs sorry for Georgеwheпhe cаmelаst in the rасe. From different This room is different ftom theothеroпе. In iпterested Аre уou iпterested in сomputers? of аfтаid,foпd, frightened,fuII,jeаIous,tired Mу sleepiпgbаgwаs full of апts! On keen I,m not verykeen on fтiеdfood. kiпd, mаrried,used Ellen is mаrried to lаck. аngry( pеoplе),аnпoyed(+pеoplе),bored, pleаsеd(+peoplе) I,m reаIIуап8rу with уou. To 180
- 186. 2 A B GRAпnIYlAR 44 vERBsFoLLoWЕD BY PRЕPosITloNs Complеtе eaсh sеntenсe with one suitаble word. a) Fiona is vеry diffеrеnt 'ft.q.ш ... hеr sistеr. b) Plеasеtry and listеn ......... my instruсtions. с) Мy homе town is famous .. its pеaсhеs. d) Еxсusе mе, but doеs this umbrеlla bеlong .. r-оl.t' е) What еxaсtly was Alistair talking ..................... ? f) I think wе should ask ..................... Somе information. g) Gеmma is vеry kееn .......... growing hеr own vеgеtablеs. СompIete thе sentеnсes with onе word from list A and onе from list B suссееds a) I don,tlikе him. I think ь" ....!q.ш.W......'.. ....g,t........ mе bеhindmy baсk. b) I,llbе surprisеd if hе .........' walkingto thе top of thе mountain. с) Isabеlsеndshеr lovе and ....not сontaсtingyou. Shе,sbееn rеallybusy. d) It,sdiffiсult to know whеn thе bus will сomе. It ............ thе timе of day. е) Shе,svеry intеlligеnt. Shе ......a lot есonomiсs and things likе that. f) This diсtionary isn't minе. I think it ............... Jorgе. g) This musiс ......mе thе timе I spеnt in India. Complеte thе sentenсes with one word from list A and onе from list B. annoyеd a) I was .......r.Ul1t.....,... '..b!!4t'.. thе train timеs. It doеs lеavе at 16'зi) b) I lovе sсiеnсе' but I,m not vеry mathешаtiсs. с) Istanbul is .......'....... thе bеautiful Bluе Мosquе. d) Arе you ............ Amеriсan moviеs from t1-tе f1i:lеs] е) I'm Paul. Hе should havе сallеd I]]е'f J: hе hasn,t. f) Е|iza is vеry hеr dog. Shе rr.alksl| еr'еrr-dar.' g) I know it,s ridiсulous, but I,m quitе ......'.. spidеrs' A B 181
- 187. lNтЕRпnЕDlAтE LANGUAGE PRACтICЕ 4Rewriteeaсh sentenсeso that it has a bold. a) Diсk found his work boring. borеd Тhis town is a bit likе Glasgow. rешinds similarmeaningand сontainsthe word in b) с) d) е) s) h) Sara has a good knowlеdgе of biology. knоws I,m trying to find thе art gallеry. loоking I likе сгеamсakеs. fond f) Suе is Adrian,s wifе. to Dina always trеatsanimals kindly. kind Ugh! This сakе has a rubbеry tastе! rubbеr i) i) You makе Lisa fееl jealousl is Our nеw housе makesmе fееl еxсited! about r8z
- 188. GRAltiмAR 44 vЕRвsFoLLoWED BY PREPoslтloNs For еaсh question,сompletethе seсondsentеnсеso that it mеansthе samе as the first, using no morе than three words. a) You,vеmade mе angry. |.'.ryL.1'l.rу''.w.|th.....'... ...... you. b) I,d likе my lunсh now. I,m ............ foг lunсh. Geography is Riсhard,sbеst subjесt. Riсhard is vеry ......gеogгаph-v. Thе bad nеws madе mе fееl upsеt. I ................ ......... thе bad nеws. Мy dog was in my dтеamslast night! I ................ ......... my dog lastnight. f) Suе is a теliablеpеrson. You сan ...... Suе. g) Jaсk borrowеd my bikе foт thе weеkеnd. I lеnt my ......for thе wееkеnd. h) Thе dark makеsmе afraid. I,m ............ thе dark. Сompleteeaсhsentеnсewith onе suitablеverb аnd preposition. a) Wе askеdour tеaсhеrto ...%Р'Lr!iY!,'',....' a diffiсult problеm ....'..t.0,,..,,',ls. Thе ring I found .....an old lady in my bloсk of flats. Wе may сome to your party,but it ......... our finding a babysittеr. Whеn Joе flеw to Australia,his aunt .....his tiсkеt. Harry ......... to his neighbours................ his bad bеhaviour. You ............ mе ................ my brothеr. You,rеvеry alikе! Tony ......... passinghis driving tеStat thе firstattеmpt. Sееyou in a minutе! I,ll ........... you outsidеthе сinеma. 7 Comp|eteeaсhpart sentenсe(a_g)with one of the endings(1-7). с) d) е) b) r-) d) е) 0 s) h) 5 6 a) b) с) d) е) 0 o 6/ Еllеn is not rеallyinterеstеd.....+.... Thе hotеl was diffеrеnt........... Littlе Suziеwas jеalous I was rеally annoyеd Paul is vетy kееn Janе is теallygood I don,tthink I,mrеady........... 1 at making nеw friеnds. 2 abotttlosing my nеlt. сalсulatог. 3 for anothеr big mеal. 4 in lеarning horr.to ski. 5 of hеr nеw sistеrat first. 6 frorn what в-е еxpесtеd. 7 on сollесting old bоttlеs. 183
- 189. r a !, р ш I I l l ш i Indefinitе pronouns somеonq onуonе еtс. еvеrуonе' noonе etс. Explanations .ords ltkе еveryoпe,апуthiпg etс. arе сallеd indеfinitе pronouns. Thеy rеfег:: pеoplе, things or plaсеs without saying еxaсtly who, what or whеrе thеy aг. Pеoplе: Someoпе (1пyo|1е еvеryoпе пo or1е Тhings: something апуthiпg everуthiпg пothing Plaсеs: somewhere ап1'nuherе еverу'+uhеre nowherе Timе: sometime апytime (all thе timе) (nеvеr) In thе ,Pеoplе, list wе сan makе a form wtth -bodу with no сhangе in mеaning: somebodу, апybodу, evеrybodу,пobody, r Indеfinitе pronouns arе followеd by a singular vеrb, but wе rеfеr baсk to thеrn in a sеntеnсе with theу/them/their, Someoneis wаitiпg for you. Theу hаve bеeпwаitiпg for somе timе' Someone phoпеd, апd I told them уou were out. t-ords wtth some- and оny- follоw thе rulеs givеn in Grammar З3: l Sotttеis сommon in positivе sеntеnсеs and аnу in quеstions and nеgativеs. Тllеrе,sSomеone аt the door' Somеthing is worrуingmе. Dоesаnуone knowthеаnswer? Тhеreisn,t апуbodу аt homе. l But Wесan lSе Somein a quеstion if it is an offеr or rеquеst. Сап I аskуousomething? r .{nd Wесan uSеаny in positivе sеntеnсеsto mеan ,it doеsn,tmattеr whiсh Wесопgo аnywhere wewant duriпgourholidауs. l Sottlе has thе idеa of a dеfinitе idеa, and апу has thе mеaning of ,no limit'. Сomnarе: Is someoneсomiпgto сolleсtуou? (thеrеmust bе a partiсular pеrsonl Is апуoпe сomiпgto сollесtуou? (anyonе at all) Hаvеуougotsome letters for mе? (Thеrеarе partiсular lеttетsI am еxpeсting) Hаveуougot опу letters for mе? (I havе no idеa if you havе lеttеrs for mе or not) 'ordswith every- mеan all thе pеoplе,things or plaсеsin a group. Еverybodу Iikes Sue. Everythiпg in theroomwаs red. Еvеryoпe(two words) has a diffеrеnt mеaning. It mеans eасhsiпgleoпеani ' usеd to givе еmphasis.In pronunсiation, both words havе еqual strеss. Thеrеwereteпсhoсolаtes iп theboх апd уou,vеeаteпevеryone! 184
- 190. GRA}|мAR 45 PRoNoUNs lЕverythiпg is usеdasa singlеwordsubjесt instеadof a//. Everythiпghаsgoпеwrong. (NoT А]aa*цщ) AII mуplапs hаvegonewroпg. Words with no-mеan no pеoplе, things or plaсеs. No oпe kпows theапswer. Nobodу is аt hоme. There is nothing to eаt' Doublе nеgativеsare not usеd. No oneknows. (NOT llffi) l Rеflеxivеpronouns arеusеd for асtions that wе do to oursеlvеs. l:flеxive lpoпouns:myself йЕ. lrпpеrsonalone I hаveсut myself. Did уou cut уourselft He сuthimself. She iпtroducedherself. We enioуеdourselves. Hаveyou hurt уourselves? Theу iпtroduсedthеmselves. Vеrbs oftеn usеd in this way inсludе: сut, епjoy,hurt, introduсe,kill' Аt thеепdof thepIау,Сleopаtrаkills herself. But othетvеrbs arе not normally usеd with a rеflеxivеpronoun, еvеn though thеy are in othеr languages.Еxamples:сhапge(сlothes),сomPlаiп,deсide, drеss,feеI,meet,relах,remember' rest, sit dowп,stоnd up, wаkеup|wсtsh|worry. Rеflеxivеplonouns arе also usеd foт еmphasis. |oп cookedаII thefoodhimself. (no onе hеlpеd him) r In normal сonversationwe lse уou to rеfеrto ,pеoplеin gеnеral,. Аs уou getolderуou teпdto forgetthiпgs. You tаke the trаiп to theаirportfrom the СentrаIStаtion' But in formal spеесhand writing wе сan lse oпewith this mеaning. This is сonsidеrеdovеr-formalby many spеakеrs. Опe tаkes the trаiп to theаirportfтomtheСentrаl Stаtion. Тhеrе is a possеssivеform one,S' Оne,s luggаgеis саrriеdiп а speсiаIcompаrtment. If oпеis usеd as a subjeсt,all latеr rеferenсеsalso usе oиe. Оne tаkesthe trаin to thеаirportftom thеСentrаl Stаtionаnd oпe сап rеSеrve one's seаtin аdvапсe. If you ||Seone|you must сontinuе to usе it. Do not mix one and уou' In еvеrydayspеесhit is morе сommon to usеyou or a passivеthan to lsе one. You cап reservе sеаtsin аdvапce. Seаts cаn be reserved iп аdvаnсe' 185
- 191. lNтERмЕDIATЕ LANGUAGE PRAстI(Е 1UnderIinе thе сorreсtword in eaсhsentеnсe. a) Thеrе isn,| апуoпe/пo oneiп thе gardеn. b) Еxсusеmе, сould you movе? I сan,t sееаnythiпg/somethiпg. с) Тhегеis оnуthing/nothiпg to drink. d) Тhете,sсtпуone/someoпe to sееyou outsidе. е) You сan do апythiпg/something you Want. f) Аtt}'otrc/Someoпe stolе thе monеy, but wе don,t know who. g) I don,t know апуthing/пothiпg аbout it. hl Хo otlе/Somеone would tеll mе thе answеr,so I guеssеd. i) I,vеlost my bag and I сan,t find it somewhere/ап1шhere' j) I must havе put my bag somewhеre/апywhеre, but I don,t know wherе. Сompletethe sесondsеntenсeso that it hasa simiIarmeaningto the first sеntеnсe. I сould do. wvthLуu .. Ф.... t !..9..... r.... l lr than anyonе. t-) o onе o onе Was on timе yеstеrday. Еvеryonе I havеn,t got any woгk. I,r,еgot ......to dо" Тhеrе's somеthing I,d likе to ask you. Iay I........ ......... l Vе,ге all milk drinkers hеrеI Еr,еrybodv .. miШi g) lVhеn I phonеd, thеrе was no rеply. o onе .rеwе going to bе dтivеn thеrе? Is ............... I makе nеw friеnds whеrеvеrI go. Еvеrywhеrе You had a сall this morning. 2 al bt L' dr е} h) 186 Somеonе
- 192. GRAltл[nAR 45 PRoNoUNs 3Compteteeaсh sentеnсeso that it inсludesa suitableform of onе of thе verbs from the box, and a rеflexivepronoun. a) b) с) d) е) 0 s) h) Havе a good holiday, both of you! ^nd ...?'!Ц.Q'Y......... .у.q.4r.{.el,Y.9.,!' Our tеaсhеrtold us to stop shouting and to Whеn I fеll off thе horsе,I didn,t Bеth knows a lot of Frеnсh,but сan,t .....еasily. Lеt mе ...... I,m SusanPеrry. Thе aссidеnt wasn,tyour fault. Don,t Whilе Tom was piсking up thе brokеn glass,hе *l 4 Rеwriteеaсhsentenсeso that it hasa similarmeaningand сontainsthe word in boId. a) Thе box isn,t еmpty. something ''.Thp-r.,/.l'.l9.|у!p.t!,'L'Lш..iru.t.k..h.QX,.''.,.,...'.., b) All thе pеoplе wеrе danсing. еvеrvone с) I fееl annoyеd. sоmеthing d) Wе havеn,t nоthing got any food. е) Thе offiсе is no onе еmpty. fl Julia is vеry popular. еvеrybody g) You сan havе whatеveryou likе. anything h) The bеstplaсе is homе. Nowhеrе
- 193. lNтERMEDlAтE LANGUAGE PRAстlсE 5Completeеaсhsеntenсewith onе suitableword. a) Тhat,san еasyquеstion!Еу.еrу,h.qdу.. knowsthе answег! b) Is .......... thе mattеr?Can I hеlp you? с) .'................... is Wrongwith thе сar,and it won,tstart. d) Тhеrе,s .. to seеyou. Shall I ask thеm to wait? е) Тhеy introduсеd .. as Hеlеn and Ann. f) '. nеvеI rеally knows what will happеn, doеs onе? g) ..................... I,vеdonе so fartodayhasgonеwrong! h) .......''............ you сould saywould makеmе сhangеmy mind, I,mafraid. i) Did you do it all by ..................... . i) Yеs,I did it by..................... . 6 Undеrlinеthе errorsin thesеsentenсes. Rewriteeaсhsentenсe. a) somеonеspokеto mе, but I сan,trеmеmbеrits namе. ..'5рlиpp.уlp,lP!k.'t!..уИe,...и4t..I..aцkt..r?'n4eууlhe.r' b) A1l in thе gardеn has bееn growing a lot lаtеly. с) Сarol didn,t do nothing yеstеrday. d) Thеrе isn,t no onе waiting for you. е) Pеtеand Katе еnioyеd thеmsеlfsat thе party. f) onе fills in an appliсation form, and thеn you Waitfor an answеI. g,)Wе nееd to do somе shopping. Thеrе isn,t somеthing in thе fridgе. f: 188
- 194. s (apostrophe s) Еxplanations r Wеusе apostlophе 3 to show that somеthing bеlongs to a pеrson. Wе сan usе thе ,s form without a following noun if thе mеaning is сlеar' Whеreis the direсtor,s offiсe? r An apostrophеis somеtimеsusеdwhеn somеthingis part of anothеrthing. Whаt is thebook,stitle? Whаt is thisplапt,s паme? r With plural nouns wе add thе apostrophеonly. Thoseаrethestudents, coаts, r A spесialusе оf ,sis to rеfеrto Somеonе,shomе, a shop namе or a plaсе namе. Georgеboughtthis melon iп thegrеengroсer,s/ iп Smith,s. I wentto thedoсtor,sаnd thedentist,s oп thеsаmedау. r If thеrеis no possеssion, wе do not usе an apostrophе. Notе this сommon mistakе:W. r Notе that an apostrophесan also bе a short form of is ot hаs. It,s а lovelуdаy. (It,s=It is) It,s got а bаttery' [t,s =It hаs) r Wе usе of tо show that onе thing bеlongs to or with anothеr thing. This is fim,s sсаrf. ThoseаreHeleп,sgloves. The endof the street. The lаst twentуpаgesof the book. This is lim's. Thoseаrellelеn,s. ,NoT tlф4t*4 (NoТщ) r Сompound nouns areformеd from two nouns togеthеr.Thе first noun is 1ikе an adieсtivеand dеsсribеsthе sесond noun. I sаw theshirt iп а shop wiпdolу. I boughtSomепewfootbаIl boots. r Compоund nouns arеvеIy сommon in tесhniсal dеsсriptions. Looseпtheсorner brаckets first. r Somеtimеsa hyphеn is usеdto join thе words.Chесk in a diсtionaI.to 5ее whеn a hyphеn is used. I boughtа сhoсolаte iсe-сreаm. 189
- 195. ;,t iil rll ill lNтERlYlЕDlAтE tANGUAGE PRACт!CE Possessive adjесtives Possessivе pronouns Doublepossеssive rPossеssivеadjесtivеsarеusеd bеforеnouns. Thеy arе: mу your her its his our their r We do not usе an artiсlе (theot a) with a possessivеadjeсtive. Pеteris mу сousiп.He doesп,tliуe iп our town. r Wе сan add o$)nto a possessivеadjесtivеfor еmphasis. Pаul сooksаIl his olуп meаIs' This isn,t mу own bike.I,veborrowedit fтomа fтiеnd. r Possеssivе pronouns arеusеd instеad of a possеssivеadjесtivеand noun. Тhеy arе: miпe yours hers l Possеssive pronouns stand noun. This is mу bike, This bike is mine. his ours theirs on thеir own. Thеy arе not usеd with anothеr (possеssive adjесtivе+noun) (possеssivе pronoun) r Notе that therе is no apostrophеin possеssivеpronouns еnding in s. Whosekeуsаre these?Are theууours or mine? Yours аreoп thе tаble.Theseаremine, Thетеarеtwo сommon situationswhеrе Wеuse two possеSsivе forms togеthеr. Both arеwhеn wе dеsсribethе rеlationship bеtwееnpеoplе. 7 of arrdapostrophе Jo is а frieпd of my brother,s. 2 of arrdpossеssivеplonoun I metа cousiпof mine аt thepаrф, A сommon usagеof this struсturеis to dеsсribеthings ownеd by pеoplе. Do уou like this newhаt of miпe? 190
- 196. 2 GRAltлмAR 46 PossEssloN Undеrlinetheсorrесtword or phrasein eaсhsеntеnсе. a) Janе mеt a friеnd of herhersin thе strееt. b) Luсy doеs all herself/her owи dесorating. с) Arе thеsеsсissorsyour/уours? d) Thе dеsknеxt to the window is mу/miпe. е) Chris and Anna introduсеd mе to a nеighbour of their/theirs, f) Еxсusе me, is this уour/yoиrsseat? g) David asksif you,vе sеenthat old сoat of his/him. h) Pеtеhas borrowеdmу/minebtkе' i) Wе havеn,t brought our/ours books with us. j) Thе dog is blaсk and whitе, aпd its/it,sеaтsarеvеry long. Put an apostrophewherе neсessary. a) Tеll Мoniсa its Еlеnastuгn, not hеrs. .'.T. ... Ц.gq.nu g. .,it., l..Е[p. ш.i..t*nу'' .узp !..h*w,' .....',, b) Aliсеs youngеr brothеrs сallеd Bill. с) Tims sandwiсhеsWеrеtastiегthan ours. d) Thе films bеginning is good but its еnding is wеak. е) Arе thеsеkеys yours or hегs? f) Barbaтafills in thе patiеnts rесordсardsat thе doсtoгs. g) Whеn its raining, еvеrybodysrainсoats8еt н.еt. h) Thе managеrsassistantrеadsall thе сustomеrslеttеrs. Your sistеrsdog runs fastеrthan ours. i) Onеs our tеaсhеrsсar and thе othеrs a visitoгs. 191
- 197. lNтERtUlЕDlAтE LANGUAGE PRACтlсE 3Make two сompound words from the words listed. a) football сhееsе boot sandwiсh ... f.q.q tb.qu.' ha.a.t.''....., ..'.. ...ah*I e..l.q!Йw.LсJ*....... b) window pосkеt сoat shop с) gatе gardеn light biсyсlе d) dеpагtmеnt сottagе storе сountry е) еnginе singеr roсk firе Г) post shaгpеner offiсе pеnсil g) ground rеpolt sсhool football h) assistant shop station railway Еoreaсh quеstion,сomplеte the seсond sentenсeso that it meansthe samе as thе first, using no more than threе words. a) Naomi is a fтiеnd of my sistеr,s. Naomiis...rrv.f;,.tl+t.*!:t............... friеnd. b) Thеsеshoеsbеlong to sam. Тhеsе shoеs. с) I mеt onе of my friеnds outside thе sсhool. I met a outsidе thе sсhool. d) This is my favouritеprogrammе on telеvision. Тhis is proglammе. е) What arеyour tеaсhеrsсallеd? What ......... ....names? fl Havе you got a thing for opеning tins? Havеyou got ............ ...................' ? g) Thosе bikеs bеlong to our neighbours. Thosе ............. bikеs. h) I put my books on thе tablе in thе kitсhеn. I put my books ............. table. 4 192
- 198. GRAмlvlAR 46 PossЕssloN Undеrlinethеerrorsin thesеsentеnсеs. Rewriteеaсhsentеnсe. a) Thеrе arеtwo bus stop,snеar my housе. .,'rhr"r e..а re'.tN.a.. b' ш|' .#.a РJ..'n&а r.'ууLу ..h.! И$.a b) our сat slееp,sall day in it,sbеd. с) Havе you mеt thе sistеrof Janе? d) Сrеaturе,s likе thеsе livе at thе sеa,sbottom. е) This book is thе minе. f) Thosе arеtwo friеnds,of my fathеrs. g) Еvеrybodysdrawing,sWеrеbеttеrthan our,s. h) Arе thеsеyour,sor minе glovе,s? i) Thе housе stand,son it,s own at thе strеet'send. j) I notiсеd thеsе shoе,sin a window,s shop. 19З
- 199. i аnd, both, too, аswеIl, olso For exаmplе, suchаs First (of oll), sеcondlу etс., finolIу As well os this, besides this ЕxpIanations This unit inсludеs words and phrasеsusеd to organizеidеasin spеakingand writing. Notiсе thе position of thе words in thе еxamplе sеntеnсеs.Somеtimеsa word сomеs in thе middlе of a sеntеnсеto join two сlausеs,suсh as апd. othеr timеs thе word or phrasесomеs at thе bеginning of a sеntеnсеand is followеd by a сomma in writing or a pausеin spеесh,suсh asFirst of аII,,.. . l Апd is usеd to ioin words or partsof sеntеnсеs.To еmphasizеthе faсt that thеrе arеtwo things Wе сan :шse both...апd. Helеnput oп herсoаtаnd piсkedup thеsuitсаse' Helеnpiсkedup both hersuitсаseоnd herumbrellа, l Too,аs well,аs wеIIаs and аIsoareusеd to dеsсribеtwo aсtions at thе samе timе. Notе thе positions. Hеleпpiсkedup hersuitсаse апd herumbrellаtoo. Heleпpiсkеdup hersuitсаse апd herumbrеIlааs weII. Hеlenpiсkedup hersuitсаse аs weIIаs herumbrellа. HeIeпpiсkedup hersuitсаsе, herсoаtапd аlso hеrumbrellа' r Notе thе possiblеpositions of For eхаmple. Diеt t,аries ftomplасetoplасe.For eхаmple, in hot сouпtries, pеoplеteпdto еаtmorеfпlit. Iп hot сountriеs,for eхrlmplе, pеoplеteпdto еаt morеfruit' r Wе :use suсhсs in thе middlе of a sеntеnсеto givе ехamplеs.It is thе samеas like.Suсh4s сannot bе usеd at thе bеginning of a sеntеnсе. Iп hot сouпtriеs,suсh аs Greесe, pеoPletendto eаt morefтuit. r Wе сan usе First(ofаIL)to bеgin a list of points in formal spеесhand writing' For othеr points Wеusе Seсondlуеtс' Televisioп hаs сhаngеd oцr livesiп seуerаl wауs.First of оIl, it hаs .'' . Secondlу,morepeoplе''. . FinаIIу,ithаs сhопgеdthewау thаt.... r To introduсе our final point in formal spеесhand wгiting Wесan saуIn сonсlusioп. In сonсIusion, we са|1Sсtуthаt telеуisioпhаs bothgoodаnd bоd feаtures. Thеsе arеusеd in formal spеесhand writing to show that wе arе adding a point" Thе mеaning is .and,but thе phrasеsсomеs at thе bеginning of a sеntеnсе. Televisioп hаs сhапged our livesin severаlwауs,First of аlI, it hаs ',. , Sесondlу, morepeople.... Аs weIIаs this/Besidesthis, morepeople... ' t94
- 200. hl foct, octuollу lnmу viещ pеrsonаlIу сither,or hlstеod (of) Пmе words with othеr meanings GRAItilt,lAR 47 LlNкlNG WoRDs Iп fасt and асtuаIIуare used to givе morе dеtail' or to givе surprising information. Dаve hаs SevеrаI dogs.In fаct, he,sgot four. I thoughtGiпа wаs а doсtorbut, iп fаct, she,sа vet' I thoughtGiпа lцаs а doсtorbut, аctuаllу, she,sа vеt. (morе dеtail) (surprisе) (surprisе) Thеsеarеusеd in formal spеесhand writing to introduсе ouг own idеas. Somepeoplebеlievethаt televisioпhаs killed theаrt of сonvеrsаtion. In mу view/Personаllу, I think it givespeoplesomethingto tаlk аbout. l Еither...or ts usеd to dеsсribеa сhoiсе or an altеrnativе. Wе cаn either go to theсinemа,ot Stауаt home. Either .weсаn80 to thecinemа,or we саn stау аt homе. (NoT он'иe*'+5э ...) Notе that thе struсturеОr...or...doеs not еxist in Еnglish. It is possiblеto bеgin a sеntеnсеwith or only whеn wе сomplеtе someonееlsе,ssеntеnсе. А: ,Weсouldgo to theсiпеmаI suppose ..., B: ....ot we сouldstаyаt homeаnd wаtсhа video., r Wе luseiпsteаd(ofl to mean .in thе plaсе of somеthing еlse,. Iпsteаd of cookingI orderedа tаke-аwаymeаl' |ill саmeto thеpаrty iпsteаd of her sister. r At thе еnd of a sеntеnсе,iпsteаdis usеd without of I didn,t cook.I orderedа tаke-аwауmeаIinstеаd. Eхceptand eхсeptfor mеan,not inсluding,. Theуgаvepresentsto evеryonе eхсept me. We hаvepаiпtеd аIl thehouse,eхcept (for) thefтontdoor. r We lse eveпto say that somеthing is surprising. Sаm studiesveryhаrd,He evеn getsup аt 5.З0 to studу! Eуeп Sаm fouпd thеeхаm diffiсult. l Evenis also usеd to еmphasizесomparativеаdjесtivеs. This questioпis even hаrder thап the lаst oпe. Thе timе woгds siпсe,уet and-whilehavе a сomplеtеly diffеrеnt mеaning and usе as linking words. With this usе thеy arе moIе сommon in writing. since rrrearring'as' уet meanilg,although' I сouldп,t swim, sinсe I hаd а сold' No oпe rеpliеd to mу kпoсk, уеt аll the lights wеre on. while meaning .although, Thе first two busesууете fuII,while theneхtwаs сomplеtеlуеmptу.
- 201. lNтERмEDlAтE LANGUAGE PRACтIсE 2 Undеrlinetheсorreсtword or phrasеin eaсhsentеnсe. a) Мrs Davis taught ls eхсeptfor/мstesd-ofМr Taylor. b) Wе сan either/orwait hеrе, or phonе for a taxi. с) Неlеn plays thе guitar arrdаlso/toowritеs songs. d) In Sсandinаvian сountriеs,for eхаmple/such аs Finland, thеy havе vеry сold wintеrs. е) Еvеryonе in thе tеam playеd bad|У аIso/eхcePt Sam. 0 All thе shops wетесlosеd,siпсe/уеt it was a publiс holiday. g) Jaсk studiеsаnd/bothgеographyand history. h) Thе Pеakworthtеnt is strong and watеrproof, siпсe/уet light to сarry. Rewritеeaсhsentеnсeso that it hasа similarmeaningand сontainsthe word in bold. a) Dеbravisitеd both thе сastlеand thе musеum. too Jill was thе only pеrsonwho сamе latе. еxсept Althоugh I said it was raining, it isn,t! faсt Karеn hurt hеr lеg, so shе сouldn,t play tеnnis. sinсe Мy opinion is that smoking is bad for you. viеw I atе thе сhoсolatе сakе and thе applе piе. as wеll as Daniеl playеd in goal, in his brothеr,splaсе. instеad Finally, I,d likе to thank thе hеad tеaсher,Ann Colеs. in b) с) d) е) 8) 196 h)
- 202. GRAмП'lAR 43 LtNкINGWoRDs Deсidewhiсh answer (A, в, с or D) bеst fits eaсh spaсe. Nowadaysthеrеarеmany good rеasonsfor usingbiсyсlеs(1),,,,Q-.... сarsto travеlin сity сеntrеs.(z),..,,'....., biсyсlеsarе (3) silеntand сlеan, (4)........... arееasyto park.(5)........... , usinga biсyсlе(6)........... kееpspеoplе fit. Howеvеr,сity сеntresmust (7) havе сyсlе lanеs (8) bе frееof privateсarsсomplеtеly.Somеlargесitiеs,(9)........... Amstеrdamin thе Nеthеrlands,arе alrеadyorganizеdin this way. (10) , a сombination of the usе of biсyсlеs with vеry сhеap or freеpubliс transport solvеsthе problеm of traffiс jams and makеsthе сity сеntre a morе pleasantplaсе. 1) Abut 2) A As wеll 3) A both 4) A also 5) A And 6) A and 7) A in сonсlusion 8) A suсh as 9) A suсh as 10) A pеrsonally B еxсеpt foт B First of all B and B for еxamplе thеy B Yеt B both B еithеr B yеt B aswеll B finally C instеad of С In faсt C too C еxсеpt C Whilе С also С bеsidеs this C also C in my viеw С for еxamplе D suсh as D Pеrsonally D as wеll D and aswеll as this D Sесondly D too D both Dor D whilе D aсtually 4 Comp|eteeaсh sentenсеwith a word or phrasefrom thе box. Use eaсhword or phrasеonсe only. a) b) с) d) е) Еvеryonе .,.%9?.P.t..,,. Julia rеmеmbеrеdto bring thеir diсtionariеs. Wе,vеrеpairеdthе roof,and ............ .....wе,vеrеpaintеdthе wholе housе. , I don,t think that therе arе aliеns or flying sauсеIs. I managеdto losе my passpolt and my wallеt. I wаs going to go to thе сinеma, but I wеnt to thе thеatrе Pеoplе think that Тim is shy,but hе,svеry talkativе. Somеillnеssеs, ............ ..... thе сommon сold,do not havеa сurе. Wе,rеgoing to .............. ..' gо сamping,or staywith somеfriеnds. 0 s) h) 197
- 203. lNтERмЕDlAтE tANGUAGЕ PRAстlсЕ 5Complеtethe spaсes(a_j)with the wоrds (1_10). (a) .'..?.....I,d likе to thank еvегyonе who has hеlpеd with thе sсhool play. (b) ........... thе aсtors, and thе stagе hands, havе workеd vеry hard, and еvеryonе who madе thе сostumеs workеd hard (с) . I would (d) '.......... likе to thank all thosе who havе sold tiсkеts. This yеar wе had an (е) ........... largеr audiеnсе than last yеar, and (fl Тuеsday еvеning, еvеry singlе sеat was sold. This yеar thе play ran for a wееk (g) ........... for two days. Wе did not havе a lot of timе for rеhеarsals,and (h) ..'........ thе play Was a grеat suссеss. (i) ........... , I fееl that wе should сongratulatе all thе aсtors for thеir wondеrful pеrformanсе. (j) ........... , I,d likе to givе Judy Walkеr, thе dirесtоr, this prеsеnt from еvеryonе at thе sсhool. 1 еvеn 2 уet 3 as wеll 4 еxсеpt for 5 first of all 6 in сonсlusion 7 also 8 pеrsonally 9 bоth 10 instеad of 198
- 204. СapitaIletters Сomma (,) Explanations r Capitallеttеrs (also сallеd uppеr-сasе lеttеrs) arе usеd: to bеgin a sеntеnсе for namеsof pеoplе for addrеssingpеoplе for titlеsof books еtс. for namеsof plaсеs for pеrsonal pronoun I I sаt+' Еllеtt lсlstttigllt, This is а beпutifttl pIасе. |iпl, HеIеtt {rs |oltеs, L-tlсIе Pеtеr,Ituтl .|.аr опd Pесlсе,is а grеаtbook. Frаtrcе, Huпgаry iп Spriпg,iп spriпg theFifties, thefifties Sапdеrsoп wаs а goodpresidеnt. (gеnеralusе) Pаul metPresident Bruпsl'ryiсk. (job titlе) I live iп thепorthof Sсotlапd. (dеsсription) SаIIуworksiп theFаr Еаst. (plaсеnamе) for сalеndar information Wedпеsdау,Mаrсh, New Yеаr,sDаy r In book and film titlеs, small words ikе аnd, а/the and prеpositions do not usually havе сapitals, unlеss thеy arе at thе bеginning. ,Four Wеddiпgs апd а Fuпеrаl, is а fuпnу fiIm. r Somе words сan bе writtеn with сapitals, or in lowеr-сasе. Thеsе arе: namеsof thе Sеasons dесadеs jobs сompasspoints r Full stops arе usеd at thе еnd of a sеntеnсе. Thеy arе also usеd in abbrеviations to show that lеttеrs in a word arе missinя. e.g. etс. Full stops arе oftеn lеft out aftеr thе abbrеviations Мr and Мrs. r A сomma in writing rеprеsеnts a briеf pausе in spеесh. It is also usеd in lists, еxсеpt for thе last two itеms whеrе wе usе спd. I boughtsomе bапсlпсls| sОmeОraпgеS сtttdsotttе potatОеS. If thе last two itеms of thе list arе long thеn rге dо usе a сomma. Аll dау wе сlеопed tltе f|oors,л,сtsllеt,l tltе у,лlls, сllt,1 tiсliеdtltе llottsе. r Linking words at thе bеginning of a sеntеnсе arе follorr-еdbv сommas. First of аII, this сап be dаtlgеrous. Linking words in thе middlе of a sеntеnсе har.е сommas bеforе and aftеr. Апп, on the other hапd, did tlot a9rее' r Сommas arе usеd with non-dеfining rе1atir.е сlausеs. Toпу,who is usuаlly lаtе, turпed up аt 10,З0. r Сommas arе usеd in dirесt spеесh. Iim sаid' ,I,ll bе Iаtе., t99
- 205. !NтЕR]tлЕDlAтE LANGUAGE PRACтICE Semi-сolon(;) Colon (:) Speeсhmarks(, ,) (tttr) Question mark (?) and exсlamation mark (!) But thеy arеnot usеd afteтrеporting vеrbs in rеportеdspеесh. |im sаid he wouldbe lаte' Commas сannot bе usеd to join sеntеnсеsdirесtly,without any othеr сhangеs.Look at this еxamplе. Two meпwerewаIkiпgdown thestreеt.Theywerecаrryiпgа boх. Thеsеtwo sеntеnсеsсannot bе joinеd simply by сhanging thе full stop to a сomma. Tут'e mgэ ь,erеwelkiпg detll tllе streеathE'tvеrе сerr''iпt а brx. But thеrе arе othеr Waysto сombinе thе sеntеnсеs.For еxamplе: Two meпwerewаIkingdowп thestrеet,саrryingа boх. Two men cаrryingа boх werewаIkingdown thestreet. Wе сan join two sеntеnсeswith теlatеdmеanings using a sеmi-сolon. Roаd usersаnnoypedestriаns; pedestriаnsаtтtтoу roаdusers. A sеmi-сolon is also usеd to sеpalatеlong itеms in a list. Studeпtsаreаskedпot to leаvebicyclesby theerltrаnce; not to leаvebаgsin tlu sitting room;аnd not to leаveсoаtsin thedining room. A сolon introduсеs itеms in a list. Thеreаre two rules:one,don,tdo it; two,don,tgetсаught. It сan also introduсе an еxplanation of thе prеvious part of thе sеntеnсе. Finаlly, we hаd to Stop:wеweretiredапd it wаs dаrk. Spеесhmarks (alsoсalled quotation marks)arеused with diтесtspеeсh. Punсtuation goеsinsidе. Thеy сan bе singlе or doublе. ,Itmightrаin lаter,,I eхplаined. ,Whу аrewe leаvingso eаrly?,,HeIеnаsked. Titlеs of books, films, plays еtс. arеput insidе single quotation marks. Punсtuation is put outside in this сasе. We weпt to а performаnceof Ibsen,s,Ghosts,. Howеver,in printеd tеxt, thе titlеs of books, films, plays etс. arеusually put in italiсs. Quеstion marks only oссur aftетthе quеstion. Whаt,s the time? Еxсlamation marks arеusеd in informal wгiting, but arе not сonsidетеd appropriatеin formal writing. You,Ilnevеrguesswhаt! I,veiust got eпgаged! 200
- 206. 2 GRAмtulAR 48 сAPlтAtLEттERs AND PUNстUAтloN Underlinethe sentеnсewhiсh is punсtuatedсorreсt|y. a) 1 ,Would }zoumind tеlling mе whетеwе arе?,Pеtraaskеd. 2 .Would you mind tеlling mе, whеrе Wе arе Pеtraaskеd?, 3 .Would you mind tеlling mе, whеtе Wе arе,,Pеtгaaskеd? b) 1 I agrееd,that a сottagеin thе mountains, would bе bеttет. 2 I agтееdthat a сottаgеin thе mountains would bе bеttег. 3 I agrееdthat a сottagе,in the mountains would bе bеttеr. с) 1 Angеla who arrivеd aftеr I did, askеdmе whеn thе play finishеd? 2 Аngе|a,who arrivеd aftеr I did, askеdmе whеn thе play finishеd. 3 Angеla,who arrivеd aftеr I did askеdmе, whеn thе play finishеd. d) 1 Pеtertold mе, not to wait and said .I,ll seеyou latеr.' 2 Petettold mе not to wait and said, ,I,ll sееyou latеr., 3 Pеtеrtold mе not to wait and said I,l1sееyou latеr. е) 1 In thе еnd I wеnt homе, I was wеt and hungry, and felt ill. 2 In thе еnd I wеnt homе; I was wеt and hungry; and fеlt ill. 3 In the еnd I wеnt homе: I was wеt and hungry and fеlt ill. 0 1 I bought somе flour, somе еggs,two lеmons and somе sugar. 2 I bought somе:flour, somе:еggs,two: lеmons and somе sugar. 3 I bought somе flour somе еggstwo lеmons, and somе sugar. Rewriteeaсhsentenсeputtingin any nесеssary сapitallеttеrs. a) wе,rеmееting unсlе david on tuеsdar-еvеning at еight. '..Y{.е:'r.е.'ryL.е-o'.tLу.g.'!l.цдL*'.D.qуL'd,,оn.Tшэt.dау..." b) last fеbruaryi mеt mтswilkinson fог thе first timе. с) tim livеs in the south of franсе nеal сannеs. d) wе saw a grеat film at thе abс сallеd ,thе геmаins of thе day,. е) wе Wеntto a paftУat mrs harrisons,housе on nеw yеar,sеvе. f) julia,srеading .a portrаit of a lady' by hеnry jamеs. zoL
- 207. lNтERмЕDlAтE LANGUAGE PRA(тI(E 3Rewriteeaсh group of words so that it сontainsthe punсtuationlisted. a) First of ali who is going to сarry thе suitсasеaskеdЕmiliе (onе full stop, onе сomma, one quеstion mark, spеесhmarks) ..Еi.r'tt''.a.f-,q!L,..у'tfu'..l+,go.tу.g..t.q..(4.Г.Т{..the'.sш b) Katе said shе,dbе on timе but I didn,t bеliеvе hеr (onе full stop, onе сomma) Jamеssaid that hе,d missеd thе train got lost and bеen arrеstеd (onе full stop, two сommas) d) Whеn thе bеll rang our tеaсhеrstood up and said Stop writing plеasе (one full stop, thrеe сommas, spеeсhmarks) е) on thе othеr hand wе сould go to thе сinеma сouldn,t wе said David (onе full stop, two сommas, onе quеstion mark, spеесhmarks) Good morning Alan said Tina how do you fееl today (onе full stop, onе сomma, onе quеstion mark, spеесhmarks, one сapital lеttеr) If I wеrеyou I,d ask for somе hеlp or pеrhapsstartagain (onе full stop, two сommas) Тhе old stadium Wasеvеntually dеmolishеd vеry few pеoplе wеnt thеrе and it was bесoming dangеrous (onе full stop, onе сomma, onе сolon) с) s) h) 202
- 208. Adding -ing to vеrbs еndingin lеttеrs Explanations r onе-syllablе words whiсh еnd in onе vowеl and onе сonsonant doublе thе last сonsonant. swim/swimming put/puttitxg Comparе thеsе words whiсh do not doublе thе сonsonant: shoot/shooting lift/liftiпs r Two-syllablе words whiсh еnd in onе vowеl and onе сonsonant doublе thе last сonsonant whеn thе strеssis on thе sесond syllablе. bеgiп/beginпing сontrol/сoпtrolling Сompaте thеsе words with thе StrеSson thе first syllablе. woпder/woпderiпg thrеаteп/threаteпiпg onе еxсеption to this rulе in British Еnglish is trаvel/trаvelliпg. r Words whiсh еnd in onе vowеl, onе сonsonant and -e drop thе final -e. write/writiпg lеаvе/leаvin{ Тhе suffix -ful has only onе /. beаutiful suссеssful Whеn -/yis addеdto makе an advеrb,thе / bесomеsdoublе. bеаutifullу suссеssfullу Thеrе is a usеful rulе: l bеforе e еХсеptaftеrс. fteld niece but reсeive But notе that this rulе only workswhеn thе sound is ,ее, /i:/.For еxamplеin this word thе sound is diffеrеnt and e сomеs bеforеl: reign r Many wordsсontain lеttеrswhiсh do not form a sound.Thеsеатеsomеtimеs rеfеrrеdto as ,silеntlеttеrs,. Thе silеntlеttеrsarеundеrlinеd. btlmb doubt plumbеr thumb kn kпee f;пifе know ps psусholoу psусhiаtrist Sс dеsсeпd сlsсепd t qandu Thе lеttеr 4 is alwaysfollowеd by и. questioп squid асquirе Si|еnt 20З
- 209. l NтЕR1t,lЕDlAтЕ LANGUAGE PRACт!сE Words сommonly spеllеdwrongly arе also inсluded hеre. Corrесt the spellingwhere neсessary. a) b) с) d) е) fl swrmlng foto qеstion whistle knowеn o) 6/ h) D i) k) l) thiеr beatitul rесiеpt bеgining phyсhiatrist suсеsfull 2 Usе the lettersin braсketsto make a word whiсh fits the spaсе. b) с) d) a) b) с) d) е) 0 сontrol thiсkеn grip сhoosе fly makе g) upsеt h) hook i) writе j) improvе k) swim l) ridе a) Suе said shе,d (nеhop) .'..B!м'ш.. mе but I havеn,t (irеdvесе) ...Г9&9tY.9d.. a сall yеt. Whеn thе refеrее blewthе (stеwlih) thе playerslеft thе (еdlif) Еllеn (fесlyslusuсs) сomplеtеd the сoursеin nuсlеar (shipsсy) I didn,t (wonk) how to сut the string Without a (inkе0 е) Thе poliсе arrеstedthе (itfеh) as hе was (nеgvial) thе bank. 0 Jim askeda (siqontue) , but his tеaсhеrwasn,t (nilsigеnt) g) At thе (nigеngibn) of thе film, I had a poor (wivе) h) Thеsеanсiеnt(mulсosn) ................. arе (yitbuеlfual) ................ . madе. 3 Write eaсh verb with an 204
- 210. GпA!шn'AR 49 sPEtLlNGAND PRoNUNClAт!oN 1 4 Correсt the spеIlingin this tetter. Dеar Bесky, I,m soгy that I havеn,t writеn to you for so long. I,m afтiadI,vеbeеn vетy bussy at shool, and I havеn,t had muсh timе for wтitеing lеtеrs.Last wееk I finisеd my examenations, so now I,m gеting rеdy to 80 on holyday. I was wundеring wethеr you wood like to сome to stay foг a fiеw days? You сann mеat my frеinds,and wе сoud all go swimеing.Thе whеathеr is rеaly good now hеar in ltaly, and I,m shure you will engoy youтshеlf. Bеstwishеs, Silvia 5 correсt thesewords сommontyspetledwrongly. a) tommorow b) Wеnsday с) advеrtismеnt d) nеihbour е) thrugh f) grеatfull g) nессеssarry h) dissappointеd i) wheathет j) rеmbет k) libary l) ansеr 6 Undеrlinethe silent letter/sin these words. a) dеbt b) еxhibition с) high d) knifе е) lamb f) psyсhologist g) rесеipt h) what i) yaсht i) autumn k) answеr l) daughtеr m)haШ n) light o) salmon p) wholе q) would r) wтiting zo5
- 211. Same sound, diffеrеnt spеlIing Same pronunсiation, differеntspеlling and meaning Words whiсh look similar Words with a syllable whiсh is not pronounсed Nounsand verbs with с and s How to improve spelling сourt/саught lesson/lesseп 'vаm/worп stаir/stаre ftnd/fined wаit/weight Sore/Sсlw 'wаste/wаist пoRпow аlIotryed/аIoud fаre/fаir two/too ЕxpIanations In Еnglish onе partiсular sound сan bе spеlt using diffеrеnt lеttеrs.In еaсh group bеlow thе sound undеrlinеd is thе samе. Vowеls съmPаny brцther IQуe trauble rцbbish blopd rogd most home thoush laуу eоrth filrther wgrd hurt xtаit greцt lцte wфht |lorv shout drgwn Ploцsh Consonants relаfron shoсk Sure сoпsсious deliсious сhurсh ftlrniflre wаtсh Ieiцure meаSure сoпfil5ioп Diffеrеnt words сan have exaсtly thе samеpronunсiation. Common examplеs are: Somе words may havе only a lеttеr or two diffеrеnсе to othеr words, but thеy havе a сomplеtеly differеnt mеaning. Bе еspесiallyсarеfulwith thеsесommonlу сonfusеdwoтds: Somе words arеpartiсularly diffiсult to spеll beсausеthеy sееmto havе a фlablе whiсh is not pronounсеd. Thе еxamplеsbеlow show how many syllablеsarе aсtually pronounсеd in spеесh: lаter/lаtter rесent/reseпt through/thorough iпsure/eпsure tеmpеrаture (3 syllablеs) Wedпesdаy(2 syllables) people(2 syllablеs) аdviсe аdvise quiet/quite аcсept/ехcept formerly/formаIlу Iose/loose prаctiсe prасtise Iibrаry(3syllablеs) vegetаble (3syllablеs) interesting (3 syllablеs) Noun Vеrb I T I Usе a diсtionary to сhесk thе pronunсiation of nеw words. Rеlatеthе spеlling of new words to words you alreadyknow. Мakе lists of thе words you usually spell wrongly. Tеstyoursеlf or ask friеnds to tеstyou. Rеadwidеly to givе you еxpеriеnсеof thе way words arе spеllеd. 206
- 212. GRAпnilIAR 5o sPЕLL!NGAND PRoNUNсlAтIoN 2 Words сommonly spеllеdwrongly arе also inсludеd hеrе. Findpairsof wordswith thе samesoundundеrlinеd. a)Qщ)-=- l сompany b)plum 2 mеаsuгe с)hеart 3 furniturе d)сatсh + ^fisrа- 2 Underlinethe сorreсtword in eaсhsentenсе. a) Plеasеstop looking at mе likе thatl It,svетy rudе to stаir/ttatе. b) I think you should prасtiсe/prаcfise diving еvеry day. с) Thе doсtoт gavе Martin a through/thorough еxamination. d) Could you givе mе somе аdуice/аdvise about languagесourses? е) Wе wantеd to go by train, but wе сouldn,t afford the fаir/fоre. f) Сould you wait a momеnt? I,m not quiet/quite rеady. g) Rеadingаllowed/аIoud is hard unlеss you havе timе to сhесk first. h) Sorry I didn,t сomе to уolur partУ,but I just fе|t two/tootirеd. i) You сan havе modеl J6 or modеl J8, but the lаtеr/lаtter is morе еxpеnsivе. j) Thе baсk of thе сhair is nеarly falling off _ it,s rea||Уlose/loosе' Тiсk (/) if a pair of words rhymes. е) phonе f) gure g) dgцbt h) foad i) сaution a) b) с) d) е) fl g) h) swееt/еat worsе/horsе worn/torn losе/loosе tеa/bее thought/short latеr/lattеr word/hеard 5 тцlе 6 brqwn 7 toast 8 сonfusion 9 park ..{.. i) сhosе/bruisе t) lowigo k) abroad/affoгd l) quitе/diеt m) fuiеnd/lеanеd n) blood/food o) wеight/hеight l ,t Ч: ril I ,'.ii ,t .ч .!r ? * "5: 3 zo7
- 213. lNтЕRпnЕDlAтE LANGUAGЕ PRAстl(Е 4Correсt thе spelling in this lеtter. Dеar Silvia, Thanks for your lеtеr and your invittation to ltaly! I,venеvеr travеlеdabraod beforе,and I,m rеaly looking forwеrd to stayingwith you and your familly. I'тв spokkеn to my palrеnts and thеy,vеaggrееd.Тhеy say they,rеgoing to phonе soon to disсus thе arangеmеnts. I,vеdiсidеd to havе somе Itаlian lеsons so that I сan praсtiсеwhеn I сomе tш Italy.I,d likе you to writе somе simplе sеntanсеsfoг mе. Plеasеnotе my nеъt. adrеss.Wе movеd last wеak and now I,vеgot a muсh biger bеdroom. bеstwishеs, Bесky 5 Corrесt thesewords сommonly speIledwrongly. Тhere is anothеr word Write it in the spaсе. with exaсtlythe same pronunсiationas the word givеn. a) vеgtаblе b) lаngagе с) qеuеu d) rесiеvе е) pеplе f) bеatiful g) intlеsting h) bisсit D сiеling j) difrеnt k) knowligе l) indipеndant 6 a) atе b) bеen с) Сzесk d) flour е) hole Г) mussеl 8) no h) nun i) peaсе j) pеar k) right l) rosе m)sеw n) starе zo8
- 214. Underlinеthe сorreсtword orphrasein eaсhsеntenсе. a) Paula kееpstalking about that nеw bikе of fo91g/hеr/hеr,s. b) I askеdmy tеaсhеrfor hеlp, but shе rеfusеdto help/hеlpiny rr,е' с) David isn,t intеrеstedаt/for/iпсоllесting stamps. d) Suе сouldn,t swim аIthough/аs shе had a bad сold. е) It,srеally dark. I сan,t sееапуthiпg/somethiпg/nothiпg. f) I rеally ег'joу to speпd/speпdiпg tirlre with you! g) Ann is not vеry good аt/bу/for Frеnсh. h) Hеlеn hasn,t told mе аnуthiпg/nothing abotltthе trip. Deсidewhiсh answеr (A, в, с or D) best fits еaсh spaсe. Ап unfortunвtеmisuпdеr stапding o Last yеar wе (1) .'''у-.,..to havе an еxpеnsivе holiday, so wе (2) to visit somе friеnds, Brian and Ann, who (З) tо live by thе sеa.Thеy (4) ........... to put us up foг tи'o ъ'ееks,and as wе always (5) ........... sееing thеm, it (6) ........'.. to bе a good idеa. Thеy аskеd us if wе (7) .....'.....slееping on thе sofa, and said that thеу rтould (8) ........'.. to makе us сomfortablе. Wе (9) ........... to gеt thеrе by bus, and тvhеn rте aгrivеd rте сould (10) ....'.....'Bгian and Ann sitting in the gardеn. Thеу (11) ........... tо bе glad to sееus, but it was obvious that they hadn,t (12) .........'. to sееus. Тhеr' said that rте had (1З) to tеll thеm whеn Wе WеIе aггiving, and thеr- t14l .......'.'.asking us horr. long wе wеrе going to stay.Wе (15) .........'. fееling еmbarrassеd,so thе пе.rt dar. rте wеnt homе. 1) A сontinuеd 2) A fanсiеd З) A mеant 4) A offеrеd 5) A dеniеd 6) A bеgan 7) A mindеd 8) A praсtisе 9) A suggеstеd 10) A watсh 11) A intеndеd 72) Аprеfеrrеd 13) A forgottеn 14) A lovеd 15) A imagined B сouldn,t affoгd B triеd B kеpt B admittеd B imaginеd B sееmеd B suggеstеd B mеan B tried B sее B prеtеndеd B forgottеn B dеniеd B wantеd B minded С likеd С iтlshеd С hopеd С еnior-еd С еnjol-еd С imaginеd С rтantеd С lеarn С managеd С kееp C еxpесtеd C promisеd С sееmеd С kеpt С сouldn,t hеlp D promisеd D dесidеd D happеnеd D intendеd D prеfеrrеd D еxpесtеd D rеmеmbеrеd D try D stаrtеd D wait D suggеstеd D еxpесtеd D сhosеn D сouldn,t stand D seеmеd
- 215. lNтЕRMEDlAтЕ LANGUAGЕ PRA(тlсE 4 Forеaсh question, сomplеte the seсond sentеnсе so that it means the same as thе first, using no more than threе words. a) Jеff was thе only studеnt who forgot thе tеst. Еvеryonе rеmеmbеrеd thеtеst !хсe.РtJ9.ff. b) Robеrta knows this town bеttеr than anyonе. No ..'........'. this town bеttеr than Robеrta. с) Тhеsе two pairs of glovеs bеlong to thе twins. Тhеsе arе ............. glovеs. d) Andy wouldn,t сarry my bag. Andy ......... my bag. е) Pеtеr is rеliablе. You сan ....Pеtеr. f) Sеrеna is onе of my brothеr,s friеnds. Sеrеnais .............'. ........ my brothеr,s. g) Тhе snow bеgan yеstеrday еvеning. It ............... ........ yеstеrdayеvеning. h) Do you think yоu сould сlosе thе window? Would you mind ....thе window? Look сarefuIIyat еaсh linе. Somе linеs arе сorrесt but some havе a word whiсh shouId not bе there. Tiсk (/) еaсh сorreсt line. lf a line has a word whiсh should not bе there, writе the word in the spaсe. Winnittg а millioп Lifе сhangеd сomplеtеly for Сarol Мilеs whеn shе won 1 ..........!........ д1,OOO,O00 in thе lottеry. .I dесidеd that to buy a tiсkеt 2 ....th4lt......'. whilе I was waiting for takе thе bus. I didn,t gеt еxсitеd 3 ................... about it, bесausеI didn,t еХpесtmе to win. In faсt, I 4 ...............'... сomplеtеly forgot it to сhесk my numbеrs, until a 5 friеnd rеmindеd for mе to do it. You сan imaginе how 6 ................'.. surprisеdI was],Сarol had oftеn bееn drеamеd about 7 ................... bеing riсh, but shе has got disсovеrеdthat having lots 8................... оf monеy doеsn,t always rnеan bеing happy. ,I сan,t 9 ...............''.. еn]oy for anything now. Whеn I go out with my friеnds, 10 ................. foт ехamplе, thеy еithеr еXpесt mе to pay or thе bills, 11 ...............'... or thеy,rе angry with mе whеn I offеr to pay it. Somе 12 .......'......... . pеop1еthеy arе jеalous of my good luсk, I think, and -l3 ................... aссusеmе of thinking only about monеy. Nobody sееms 14 ..................' to havе undеrstand. I thought I would еnjoy mysеlf, but 15 .................. еvеIyonе has startеdto trеat mе with diffеrеntly,еxсеpt for 16................. onе friеnd of minе who has askеd mе to lеnd it him д10,000!, 17 ....'...........'' 2r0
- 216. 5 GRAtvtMAR 5l (oNsoLlDAтloN5 Complete еaсh sentenсе with one suitablе word. Ап аftеrпoon аt the bus stаtioп Нannah had bееn waiting ral...fa.r......,...., aсollеaguе of (b) ......... fathеr,s to сollесt hеr frorn thе bus station for morе than an hour, and shе was tirеd (с) .. waiting. Тhеrе was (d) ..................... еlsе thеrе, and it had (е) ..................... raining. A friеnd of (f) .......... had 1еnthеr an umbrеlla to takе on hеr trip, but shе (g) .. to bе gеtting и'еt. Pеrhaps hеr fathеr WaSangry (h) ................'.... hеr, shе thought, or had simply (i) ..................... to сollесt hеr. Hеr mobilе phonе Wasn,tworking and thеrе Wasn,t (j) .......'.......,,.... a phonе.box in thе bus station. Why did (k) ............ ........ always 80 Wlong whеn shе travеllеd by bus? (l) ............ .... thе bus was сrowdеd and shе fеlt vеry unсomfortablе, or it (m) ......... stopping and thе journеy lastеd for hours. Suddеnly shе (n) .. a сar stopping outsidе. (o) ..................... Waswaving at hеr. It was hеr fathеrl Rewritе this letter, сorreсting the spеlling and adding any neсessaryсapita| letters and punсtuation. 17 Harford Strееt, Bilsworth, Bк3 4JG Tеl:08143 678З dеar david it was gratе too hеrе from you aftеr sо lоng 1 еn1oiеd hеaring al1l-ourе knеws i didn,t rеallizе that you,d spеnt a r-еarabbгоad r.ou пlust har.е had a rеaIl' good timе in grеесе ivе diсidеd to go thеir nеt suпlеr plaps r-есoud gо twogеthеI ivе had a fantastiсk Уеar at сolidgе thе lvork is haгdеr than thе rvork wе did at sсool but its molе intrеsting im studing bussiIlеssadnrinistrat1on and сomputеr siеnсе at thе mommеnt ivе also maid lots of nеlt. frеinds im thinkеing of сomming to bristol for a iеtт dаl-s tо l-lssit m.v sistеr woud you likе to mеat you сoud show mе thе sitеs and rtе сoud talk abowt our old sсooldays why dont you givе mе a ring and wе соud disсus it it lr.oud bе wundеrfull to sее you aganе bеst wishеs еl1еn 6 211
- 217. lNтЕRlvlЕDlAтE LANGUAGE PRAстlсE 7Put one suitab|e word in еaсhspaсe. I? ...IЦI94!...' ...pr.......''..... going out to lunсh, wе stayеdat hоme. Thеrеwеrеa dozеn olangеsin thе bowl but you'vе еaten......... ..onе. I thought it Was Wеdnеsday today, but ..................... Tuеsday! ;;i;......,IwouldlikеtothankеvеIyonеwhohasgivеn Tеd is a friеnd .....brother,s, but isn,t a friеnd of }oе bought two shiгts and a jaсkеt I rеa1lylikе this nеw сoat of ..................... . Whеrе did you buy it? кatе fеll ovеr and сut ..................... on a piесе of brokеn glass. I suppоsе it dеpеnds .. whеthеr you bеliеvе .. UFos Problem сheсk or not. j) Тhе tеstWasso hard that ........... our tеaсhеrdidn,t know thе answеrs. What is thе diffеrenсebеtween these pairs of sеntenсes?Cheсk with Grammar 43 if you are not sure. a) I triеd to takеаn aspirin. I triеd taking an aspirin. b) I rеmеmbеrto do my homеwork. I rеmеmbеrdoing my homеwork. с) Thе boys stoppedhaving a rеst. Thе boys stoppеdto havе a rеst. Тhe samеverb or adjeсtivesсan be fo]lowedby different prepositions.Cheсk thesemeaningsin a diсtionary: a) You rеmind me of my brothеr. Can you rеmind mе about thе tеst? b) Wе,rеplеasеdwith him. Wе,rеplеasеdfor him. Wе,rеplеasеdby him. Only use onein formal spеeсh and writing. Don,t mix onе and you. Rememberthat usingan apostropheсan meanthat a letteris missing(it3 =it ls) or it сan show possession(АnnЗ hot). Тhe bestway to improveyour punсtuationand spellingis throughwidе reading. Make listsof words you often spell wrongly. a) b) it's с) d) е) 0 s) h) i) 3 4 z12
- 218. .,hеnyou find a .еwWord ,lakingthe most :f your diсtionary (.ееplnga ' эсabulary . otеbook If you arе rеading and you find a word you do not knoи,, do not immеdiatеly usе a diсtionary. Ask yoursеlf: r Is this an important, usеful word? l Do I nееd to know thе еxaсt mеaning? If thе word sееms important, and you havе timе, thеn of сoulsе usе a diсtionary and add thе word to your voсabulary notеbook. If thе word sееms unimportant, or you arе rеading just for plеasurе, or you don,t havе timе, thеn you сan: l lеavе it and сomе baсk latеr r try to guеSs thе mеaning of thе word from thе сontеxt r сomparе thе nеw word with othеr words that look similar, thеn guеss r ask somеonе Сhoosе a diсtionary whiсh has all thе information you nееd. To usе a diсtionary еffесtivеly you nееd to know: r how to find words in alphabеtiсal ordеr r what thе abbrеr,iationsin еaсh еntry mеan r how to look for rтords if vou don,t find thеm in thе samе еntтv to find othеr rvords in thе arе looking for) r whеn to сarry it with r'ou r whеn to uSе it and whеn not to muсh) usе it rr-оumlght gеt borеd if r.ou usе it too Мany pеoplе, whеn thеy find a nеrт rгord. iust rtritе thе translation at thе sidе of thе page and do nothing morе. But this is not thе bеst rгar' to 1еaгna и.ord; first it is hard to rеmеmbеr words in isolatiоn' and sесond r.оu nееd ехtra information about how thе word is usеd, not jtiStits basiс mеaning. So it is a good idеa to kееp a voсabulary notеbook tтhеrе -ou сan rеr-iеrr. and rеvisе nеw words. For еaсh word in thе book you might rаnt to inсludе: Dеfinition Grammatiсal сlass (е.g.noun) Pronunсiation Translation Сolloсation (words whiсh сombinе with thе main rтord) An еxamplе sеntеnсе that shows how thе rr-oтdis usеd Frеquenсy (many diсtionariеs havе a systеm to show how сommon it is) Formal or informal at first (е.g.look furthеr down familyor thе сolloсationyou z1З
- 219. lNтЕRrиЕDlAтЕ LANGUAGE PRACтIсE bеauty bеautifu] bеautify Ifyou put thе words in a notеbook it will bе еasiеrto rеmеmbеrthеm. But if you organizеthе words insidе thе book thеn it is еvеn bеttеr.Hетеarе somе idеas: r Rесordwords in alphabеtiсalsесtions. l Makе sесtionsfor diffеrеnt largеtopiс arеaslikе .Familiеsand Friеnds,' .Hobbiеsand Intеrеsts,,,Plaсеs,. l Мakе a .Lеxiсal sеt,.ThiS is a small gloup of words basеdon onе spесifiс topiс. Gardеn lawn hеdgе shеd flowеrbеd You сan writе this as a word sDidеr: r Мakе а ,Word family,. This is a group basеdоn word formation. noun adjeсtivе vеrb r Мakе sесtionsfor idioms and spесialеxprеssions. r Мakе sесtionsfor words that arе usеful to you pеrsonally,or that intеrеst vou, oI that сausеyou problеms. o1А
- 220. Wordsсan bе formеdbyadding a prеfixto thе bеginning oг a suffixto thе еnd. Thеrеarеmany prеfixеsand suffixеsarеinсludеd in this unit and in VoсabularyЗ. Еxamplеsof prеfixеs:un-,dis-,im-, mis- uп- +сеrtаiпunсertаiп dis-+ аppeаrdisаppeаr im- +possiblеimpossible mis + uпderstапd misuпderstсlпd Еxamplеsof suffixеs:-nеss,-ful,-less,ship hа'ppу+-пеsshаppiпеss саrе+ -ful саreful eпd + -lеssendless frieпd + -shipfrieпdship Words of two or molе syllablеs еnding in.y сhangе -y to -l. Sее Grammar 49. Add a word from the box to thе prеfix in еaсh sеntеnсе to makе a nеgativе word. 1].'.]];.i1dvantagе lllll]].]l.Tж*s aglее patiеnt a) I didn,t rеad all of thе book bесausе I found it ш.LW...e.ГS{.tI.Ш$.' . b) Сyсling has onе dis'............. . It makеs you fееl hot and swеaty. с) Suе had a tiсkеt for thе thеatrе, but un........ shе fеll ill that night. d) Теrry сan,t stand waiting in quеuеs,bесausеshе,Sr.еryim............... е) Мy brothеrs always dis..'..'..'...'. iтhеn it,stimе tо do thе washing-up. f) Aftеr Jaсk lost his iob, hе и-asun................''...... for thтее months. 8) oh, I сomplеtеly dis.............. rгith l-ou. I think it rгas a gгеatfilm. h) Bесausеof a mis...... , ha1fthе сlassrtеnt to thе rloг1gсlassroom. 2 Complete thе word in eaсh sentеnсе with a prеfiх fгom thе box. a) Мy alarm сloсk didn,t go off, and so I ....с'..''9','''''. slеpt this morning. b) Pеtе paсkеd somе shirts and soсks, somе .............'.. fеal, and his iеans. с) It,svеry сold this morning, so WеaIyoul ................ сoat. d) our tеam Was сomplеtеly plar'еd br thе tеam from Walеs. е) I,vе dесidеd to ................ writе my lеttеr,bесausеI madе too many mistakеs. f) Stеvе сookеd thе mеat, and it rтas burnt in plaсеs. g) I havе to 8o to thе library today and nеW my tiсkеt. h) Thе staff wеnt on strikе bесausе thеy wеrе paid and ovеrworkеd. 215
- 221. {i II t1 Ч; It шl lNтЕRПtlЕDlAтE LANGuAGE PRACтIсE 3Completе the word in eaсh sentenсewith a suffixfrom the box. Make any other neсessaryсhangesto the word. a) Aftеr two yеarsof friеnd....{b.ъt..'.,Katе got to know David rеally wеll. b) If you don,t spеakthе languagеyоu fееl morе likе a forеign.... с) Sarahspеnta vеry happy сhild................ on a small island. d) I askеda stеward.... what timе thе planе arrivеd,but shе didn,t know. е) Еvеry tееnage...... knows that parentsworry a lot. Г) Don,t foтgеtto add a spoon...... of sugaцand somе milk. 8) wе livе in a bеautiful nеighbour.. on thе outskirts of thе сity. h)Tinapiсkеdupahand..ofsnoщandthrеwitinmyfaсе. i) Undеr the floor thеrе was a rumbling sound of maсhine j) Thе сollеgesentSuеa smallbook................ desсribingits сoursеs. 4 Comp|eteеaсh sentenсеwith a noun made from the verb given. a) Thеrе arе ovеr onе million ..,tЙдb.tt!|n#..'''..,,. in this сity. inhabit b) Grеg oftеn suffеrsfrom in thе sсhool holidays. borе с) This is thе tallеst................ . in thе wholе of the сountry. build d) Some studеntsсan,t find suitable aссommodate e) I was upsеt by Carol,s to hеlp mе. rеfusе f) It took Riсhard yеarsto bесomе a suссеssful aсt g) Еvеry in this сompany has еmploy h) You nееd a lot of ......... ........ to wтitеа imaginе i) Don,t forgеt to tuln off the сook i) I saw an intеrеsting in thе advеrtisе rесеivеda pay risе. ' good stoтy. bеforеyou lеavе. loсal paper. zt6
- 222. 5 voсABULARY 2 WoRDFoRмAтloN 1 Completе eaсh sentenсewith a nouп ending in -nessmade from a word in the box. Make any neсessaryсhanges. a) Thе ..{'lp.о.rtJ.1&,!.,f.. of thе journеy surprisеd mе, as I thought it would bе longer. b) Suеwas imprеssеdby thе .. of еvеryonеin hеr nеw sсhool. с) Wе knеw it was going to rain beсausеof thе .. of thе sky. d) old Мrs Holt,s .. was сurеd whеn shе was given a pеt сat. е) Thе doсtor told Pеtеrthat his ..WaSa rеsult of ovеrwork. f) Wеndy,stеaсhеrwas impressеdby thе .. of hеr work. 8) we wishеd thе bridе and groom .. in thеir nеw life togеthеr. h) Joe,stеaсhеrsbеganto gIoWtirеd of his ..................... in сlass. i) I fеlt rathегсold whеn I arrivеd bесausеof thе .. of my сlothеs. i) Jеan took a tтavеl ......... pill, and thеn shе fеlt muсh bеttеr. Comp|etethe word in eaсh sentenсewith a suffixfrom thе box. 6 a) b) с) d) е) 0 s) Еvеryonе thankеd thе firе-fightегsfor thеir hеroИ....... еfforts. Paul rесеivеdmost of his musiс еduсаtion fтom his mothеr. Thе govеrnmеnt is going to pгovidе mоrе housеsfor homе. pеоplе. Lisa,smothеr........... qualitiеs madе hеr a favouгitеwith thе сhildrеn. This road is еxtrеmеly dangеr........... whеn thе wеathегis bad. It was vеry fool........... of you to lеavе all thе doоrs аnd windows opеn. on rain.'......... days,we spеnd a lot оf timе indoors watсhing tеlеvision. zt7
- 223. 2 Undеrline thе сorrесtword in eaсh sentеnсe. a) By 11.00I fеlt so tirеd/tiriпgthat I wеnt to bеd. b) I hеard thе film was good, but it was vеtу disаppoiпted/disсlppoiпting. с) Bеing alonе in an old housе at night сan bе frighteпеd/frighteпiпg. d) Juliе WaS so еmbаrrаssеd/еtпbоrrаssiпg that hеr wholе faсе turnеd rеd. е) Jim 1ets borеd/boriпgif hе has to study too muсh. 0 It,s vеry сoпfusеd/сопfusiпgto bе taught in So many сlassrooms. g) Andy said that thе twеnty-milе walk was ехhсtustеd/ехhаustiпg. h) Arе уoll iпtеrеstеd/iпtеrеstiпg in going to thе bеaсh tomorrow? i) I was rеally stlrprisеd/яtrprisiпgwinеl^t шy boss gavе mе thе day off. j) Why don,t you go away and stop bеing so аппoуеd/аппoуiпg|. Comp|ete the word in itolicsin eaсh sentеnсe with a prefix or suffix from thе boх Make any othеr nесеssary сhanges to the word. -agе dis. -ful im- un- -У I supposеPaul might hеlp us,but it sееmsllkely. Frеd сan,t fill his pool bесausеthеrе'sa watеtshort. I found most of thе maths quеstionsсomplеtеlypossible. Jan has takеn up photogrаph as a hobby. Thanks for thosе notеs.Thеy wеrе rеal|уusе. I like wintеr spolts so I nеvеr go skiing. Whеn it,s timе for bеd I start fedrtлgslеep. This is a rеally usuаIstamp.I,vеnot sееnonе likе it bеforе. I rеally likе Dan. Hе,salways so happy aлd сheer' I,m writing to thank you for thе kind you shоwеd mе. CompIеteeaсhsеntenсеwith a word formеdfrom the word in bold. a) It,s...l+V1'!4,t.l,1!1.L|у........ сold today,сonsidеringit,sstill summеI' usual b) сtualh-,I found Тony,sbook was intеrеSting. surprisе сJ .............. , my fathеrusеdto go to sсhoolwith your fathеr. intеrеst d) Thе poiiсе managеd to find thе missingсhildrеn. suссеss -nеss] a) h) d) f ol ь) h) zt8
- 224. f t f, h-- voсABUtARY 3 WoRDFoRмAтloN 2 Jеan,sсompositions arе always writtеn. bеautiful I,m ............ ashamеdof Уour bеhaviour! thorough This quеstionis .....'...... diffiсult,isn,t it! awful Mikе triеd to phonе Сathy sеvеraltimеs. suссеss Thеsеinstruсtionssееm.......... . сompliсatеd. nесеssary Somеonеhad ............ lеft thе front door opеn. оtlviоus Complete еaсh word with a word formed from the Word in bold. a) I сan,tsiton this сhair.It,srеallyun..Qa.ЩLfi,rt..q!b!9.. . сomfort Ann has lеfthomе and is in............... of hеr parеnts. dеpеnd Thеsеold еnvеlopеsarеге...... .. so Wесan savemonеy. usе Not bеing сhosеn for thе tеam Was a gтеat dis appoint Мaria and Louis havе a rеallygood ........ship. rеlatе Bеingun.... ....mеansthat vou shaгеll.ith othеrs. sеlf Not taking еxеrсisеis rathеr un hеalth David has a rеallyun.............. tеmpеr,and gеtsangтyеasily. сontrol Тhеsеtlousеrswon,t gеt smallеr.Thеy,rеun.............. shrink Thеy didn,t givе Gary thе job as hе was in еxpеriеnсе 21.9
- 225. lNтЕR1Y|EDlAтE tANGUAGЕ PRACтlCЕ Completeeaсh sentenсewith a word formed from the word in bo!d. a) Harry askеdfor u ...'Г.*2L.Pt.....'.... and thе сashiеrgavеhim onе. rесеive b) Nina wantsto bе a ....... and join thе govеrnmеnt. politiсs с) No onе knows thе еxaсt ....... of thе watеrhеrе. deеp d) You havе to havе a lot of ......... to gо fishing. patiеnt е) ..'........... is a sеriousmattеr,and you havе to think aboutit. marry fl Tom sеntin his ............. for thе job thе nеxt day. apply g) Hеlеn,smind is fillеd with all kinds of unusual know h) Thеrе was no .......for thе сrash of thе airlinеr. еxplain Complеte eaсh sentenсewith a word formed from the word in bold. a) Thе ..'tkl.t......'....... of thе diamondsbafflеdthе poliсе. thiеf b) Мost pеoplеhavе no rеal ............ in ghosts. beliеvе с) Tina had no ....... that anythingWasWrong. suspесt d) Wе mеasuredthе ............ of the тoom with a rulеr. long е) our tеaсhеrwas теally .......whеn shе found out. angеr 0 GеоrgеWon a mеdalfor ............. bravе Looking in thе mirror too muсh is an еxamplе of valn h) Do you think you havе thе ............ to passthе tеst? ab1е 5 6 s) 220
- 226. Completе еaсh sеntenсewith a word from the box. Eасh word is used ТHRЕE times. havе tаkе grvе a) ...ttл.u.q........ a niсеdar'] b) At thе wееkеnd I likе to rеlax and just ..................... nothing. с) Сan I ............'........ a сhat with you somеtimе about Anna? d) Hеllo? Is that thе doсtor,ssurgеry?I,d likе to..................... an appointmеnt. е) I'll .. you my answеr by thе еnd of thе wееk. f) I'm going to havе an еarly night to makе surе I ......... a good pеrformanсе tomolrow. g) If you havе a hеadaсhе you сan .. an aspirin. h) Somеtimеs it,s diffiсult to ......... any progrеss with Еnglish. i) Sorry,I сan,t сomе out tonight, I havе to ..................... my homеwork. j) That was a lovеly mеal. I,1l .. thе dishеs in a momеnt. k) Wе always .. a lot of fun whеn wе go сlubbing on Fridays. l) Wе сan,t wait any longеr.Wе havе to ..''..............'.. aсtion. m)Would you likе mе to .. you a lift to thе station? n) You сan сatсh a taxi or .. thе bus. o) You should drеsswеll for youг intеrviеw to .......'....''......' a good impгеssion. 2 Matсh еaсh group of adjeсtives (a-i) with a noun (1-10). a) an ambitious/aсlеvеr/athrее-point _.. b) a suddеn/aviolеnt/aloud с) a powеrful/anotеbook/adеsktop d) a сomfortab|elathrее-sеatеr/a lеathеr е) a nеat/asuspiсious/asoftwarе 0 сomplеtе/striсt/quality g) a сonsidеtablela dramaticla short-tеrm h) a sеriousla dеadlУlarrinfесtious i) an еldеr/amuсh-lovеd/an unmarriеd i) monthly/affordablе/unpaid 1 2 З + 5 6 7 8 9 i0 sofa sistег сontrol plan Сomputеr lПlpIovеmеnt геnt ехplosion disеasе paсkagе 22
- 227. lNтERrиЕDlAтE LANGUAGE PRACтIсE 3Complеteeaсhsеntenсewith a vеrb from listA and a noun from list B. appear bеhaviour a) You should usе Suntanlotion whеn you go to thе bеaсh to ....PI|.|К.t' you'..... {!9.1k....... . I nееdto ..................... a ..on my dеskfor my nеWсomputег. I hatеit whеn I,musingmy сomputеrand еrrormеssagеs ..................... on е) It,sgoing to bе еxpеnsivеto livе in London. I,ll havе to ..................... a .. and pay for all my food. f) Bеlgium arе losing by two goalsto nil againstBtazi|.Now thеy havе to rеallг ..for.......... g) Could you givеmе a hand?It will only .......... a ..................... . h) Thе problеmwith modеrn soсiеtyis that parеntsdon,t ..................... thе .. of thеir сhildrеn. ln еaсh sentеnсeone of the adverbsin itolicsdoеs NoT make a сommon сol|oсationwith the verb in bold. Crossout the wrong сolloсation. a) .I,m baсk,, shе said щв4lJу/simplу/саlmly. b) 1pаrtiсulаrlу/strongly/properly dislikе rеstaurantswhеrе thе waitеrs arе rudе. с) Thе govеrnmеnt aсtеd ftrmlу/сompletely/immediаtеly against thе thrеat of tеrrorism. d) Shе spоkе briefly/greаtlу/wаrmlу abotlt hеr grandmothеr. е) Hе Wеnt to thе poliсе and сonfеssеd his crimе opeпlу/reаIlу/voluпtаrilу. f) Thе priсе of oil rosе highlу/shаrplу/drаmаticаllу|ast month. g) Thе sun Wasshining brightly/direсtly/perfeсtlу onto thе old town squarе. h) Rоnaldo was deliberаtelу/lаrgelу/suddепIу pushеd in thе pеnalty arеa. i) Hе hеld thе ropе and pullеd deеplу/hаrd/gentlу. i) Не always spends his monеy stronglу/саrefullу/wiselу. A B l b) L' 4 222
- 228. voсABuLARY 4 сoLLoсAтloNsAND FlxЕD ЕxPRЕssloNs 1 Complеtеeaсhsentеnсewith onе noun from listA and one noun from IistB. spaсе stomaсh lоan pгiсе sh a) I сan,tspеndmuсh monеy this wееkеnd.Мy ...b.nk.. .'.4сaa.*пt... is in thе rеd. b) only fortyеurosfor a top-namеsportsshoеIThat,sa геal.......'. с) Thеy say that in thе futurе wе,ll bе ablе to go to thе moon for our holidays by .............. d) Thеrе,sa lot of volсaniс aсtivity on thе that wе don,t noтmally sее. е) I,ll nееdto gеt a .......... ..from thе bank to hеlp mе сomplеtеmy univеrsity studiеs. f) I wеnt to Sandra,shousе last night and shе madе us all a lоvеly g) I think I,m going to go homе now. I,vе got a bit of a ............ Complete eaсh sеntеnсe with a vеrb phrasе from the box. .:.1'dеsig1"6 * folgеt to hard tо ьopЁ..i;:l...... . iikuly to &Фiф*" howtо tтy not to willing tо a) Don,tbrеakit. I сan,t лffp.сd..t!........'.. bur.a nеlt onе. b) Тhе weathеr is сhanging. It,s gеtting muсh сoldеr and rvе'rе havе snow tomoггorт. с) I,d lovе somе morе сhoсolatе сakе. ]t's ............. .. геsist. d) What do you gain br- r.ouг aсtions? е) It,s thе first timе I,vе triеd iсе-skating. Plеasе laugh! f) Сan you ........... ...'play сhеss as lтеll as vou? g) Thе governmеnt was ......... ......геaсt to thе thrеat of war. h) Don,t ask him about his mothеr. Shе,sbееn ill rесеntly. i) Thеsе еxеrсisеsarе ............' .' strеngthеn your Stomaсh musсlеs. i) Shе,s a grеat musiс tеaсhеr _ shе,s sharе hеr lovе of Мozart with us all' 22З
- 229. Complеtе thе expressionbased on thе word timеin eaсh sentenсe,using aword from thе boх. L;-L in losе on pass sparе tеll a) Сomе onJohn! '',' ...i1'L$!i.......... timе you startеddoing somе work! bl 'hat do you most еnjoy doing in your .. timе? сt l don,t go sailing oftеn, but I еnjoy doing it from timе to dl 'hеn I havе to wait at thе airport, I do a сrossword to..................... thе timе. сl .hеn Carol was givеn hеr first watсh, shе lеarnеd to..................... thе timе f r Sally is nеvеr latе. Shе,salways..................... timе for hеr lеssons. gt Тhank goodnеss thе doсtor hurriеd. Shе savеdJim,s lifе just....................' t1mе. ht Hurry up. Wе,vе no timе to ..................... . Thе train lеavеsin fivе minutеs] Сomp|etе the sеntenсes with thе most suitablе verb from the box. burst сaught gor lost Bаd€ paid spеnt told took a) PеtеI,sfathеr ...,уу,4,.4.g.'...,.. lots of monеy by sеlling old сars. bt Sophiе .. a party last wееk and most of hеr friеnds сamе. сl I ..................... somе vеry good photos of our dog with my nеW сamеra. dl Davе .. a lot of monеy on rеbuilding his motorbikе. еl Тhе еnding of thе film was so sad that many pеoplе .. into tеars f t -ссording to thе story, Gеorgе Washington always .. thе truth. .яl Кеlly .. into troublе at sсhool for playing a jokе on hеr tеaсhеr. }-tt bu didn,t undеrstand bесausеyou..................... no attеntion to thе 1nstIuсtions. il I ....'................ a сold last wееk so I сouldn,t play in thе football matсh. 1l -е .. our Way сomplеtеly and had to ask for dirесtions. timе had oo А
- 230. voсABULARY 5 сottoсAтloNsAND FlxED ЕxPRЕssloNs 2 3 Completе eaсh sentenсewith a word from the box. mad B€sE sесrеt tеmpвr-, a) I madе a сomplеtе'...ry!&.s'{'...''... of onе еxam,and had to takеit again. b) Whеn I swim undеrwatеrI сan hold my ..................... for two minutеs. с) Pеtеrtold thе boy to lеavеhis littlеbrothеr..................... . d) Can you tеll thе ..................... bеtwеenbuttеrand margarinе? е) Thе loud musiс from thе housе next door drovе Мaгy 0 Whеn I stеppеdon Hеlеn,sfoot again,shе triеd not to lose hеr g) I,ll tеll you, but only bесausеI know that you сan kееpa ..................... . h) Bob wantеdto сhangеhis ways and turn ovеr a nеW........... The words in itolicsare in the Wrong sentenсеs.Find the сorreсtsentеnсеfor eaсhonе. a) Now that my summеr holidays havе bеgun I fееl as frееas houses. ....q..b.!rd......... Without my glassеsI,m asb|ind as а pig. Aftеr our seaтсh,suddеnly David turnеd up as largеas rаin| As сool as а bаt,thе гobbегaskеdfоr all thе monеy in thе bank! 4 b) с) d) е) 0 s) h) our dog еatstoo muсh, and is gеtting as fat as а piсturе. Littlе Sarahlookеd asprеtty as а аlаtttlberin hеr nеn-drеss. Takе this mеdiсinе, and in a fеw daуs уou'll bе as right as life. Don,t bе frightеnеdof bеing on this plаnе.It.sаs safеas а bird. 5 Completethe exprеssionsin itolicsin eaсh sеntеnсеwith a woгd from the box. sound then timе a) It,sеxtrеmеlyimportant.In faсt, it,sa mrlttеr "r ..'...'.|LJ'9....... аnd deаth. b) Ann is grеatfun, and is alwaysthеlifеаtld.....,.''...,...'.... of thepаrф, с) Thе poliсе havе beеn sеarсhingfаr аnd .. for thе stolеn iеwеls. d) Wе weгесomplеtеly lost, and drovе roшldсtttd .. for hоurs. e) I,vеtold you ., апd аgаinnot to writе tеstsin pеnсil! f) Thе two missing еxplorеrshavе bееn found sаfeаnd g) That man has beеn walkingup аnd .. outside thе housе a||daу' h) I don,t sееPaul vеry oftеn,but I visit him пowапd .'....'...'. lvidq- ".,:l:;,''l -^lhl -:l;1;*- li ,i 225
- 231. lNтЕR1t'EDlAтЕ LANGUAGЕ PRAстICЕ 6RepIaсe еaсhphrasein itolics with one of the exprеssions in the box. gеt take a) I,m rеally tirеd. I,m going to go to bеd beforеit gets lаte. b) I think wе should prepаrеourselves for thе trip as еarly as Wесan. с) I fеlt ill last Tuеsday, so I dесidеd to Stay аt home апd пot go to work. d) Lеt,sgo out tonight aлd eпjoуoursеIves. e) I doп,t hаve аny work this еvening, so Wе сan go to thе сinеma. f) I,vеbееn working vеry hard, so I,m going to relахапd hаvesomerest.
- 232. CompIеtе eaсh сompoundword with a word from thе box. aсhе сlip glassеs laсе Ра.th post tablе Makе surе you walk on thе toot...Р4.tИ bесausеthе гоad i' dangегous' сut a) h') d) f) o 6/ h) I nееd to fiх thеsе two shееts togеthеr. Havе you got a paреI As I was doing up rny shoе, my shoе........... brokе. On our first day at sсhool, wе сopiеd down our timе............ Tom had a hair.......... yеstеrdayand his friеnds madе fun of him. It,srеallr. Sunnv today, and I,vе forgottеn my sun....... Сould I har-еa сouplе of aspirins? I,vе got a tеrriblе hеad........... Thе bus sr'vеrr-еd to avoid a dog and hit a lamp 2 Сomp|ete еaсh sentеnсеwith a сompound noun made from two words from the box. air alarm birthdаv сеntтal maсhinе partу геpoгt sсhoоl сlосk сonditioning я€+i€* hеating 5с*е+се stiсk walking washing '''' ,' filns lгtth robots in thеm. a) I lovе.,..{,9L9'У.:,?'.,,,,., b) old Мr Low has a bad lеg and al','..ar-s.е.:lls..lil his ''''' lots of goori :t. :.-. .: ' -' с) David,s tеaсhеrs wrotе d) As soon asthе е) Whеn it,shot, thе rоom. fl Julia invitеd all g) Тhis housеhas еvеryroom. h) If you havе any dirty сlothеs, iust рut thе]]].ll tl.rе hеr friеnds from sсhoo1tо llеi ''' :.:li thеrе is a radiator in 227
- 233. l*e: ш lNтЕRlt,lEDlAтЕ LANGUAGE PRAстlсE 3Тhe сompoundnounsin itаlics are in the wrong sentenсes. Findthe сorrесt sentenсеfor eaсhonе. a) I сouldn,t unsсlеw tt:,e Poсketmonеу'so I сouldn,t drink my сola. bоttle tap b) on my Wayto sсhool, I saw a fantastiсbikе in a bаthroommirror. с) Мy bikе had a flat tyrе, and I didn,t havе my televisionscreenwith me. d) As thе girls wеrе lеaving, thеy saw thеir tеaсhеrat thе bottletop. е) Whеn I saw my faсe in the sсhool entrаnсe,I knеw I rеally was ill. f) During my favouritе sеrial,a newsflashappеarеdon thе doorhапdle. g) Paul,s parеnts gavе him a small amount of biсусlepump evеrУwееk' h) SusiеWastoo small to rеaсh thе shopwiпdow,so shе knoсkеd. 4 Matсh eaсh situationwith an objeсt from thе box. a) b) с) d) е) f) 8) h) i) i) Comb it first and thеn usе this. Just put all thе dirty platеsin hеrе. I,vеdroppеd ink all ovеr my whitе trousеrs. Usе this in an еmеrgеnсy. I,vеjust brokеn minе, and I сan,t wтitе. I,m rеally thirsty but I сan,t opеn this lеmonadе. That grassrеally nееdsсutting. It,smuсh quiсkеr prеparing a сakеwith this. If you nееd a bath, I,ll turn it on. If you,d likе a сup, I,vе just put it on. 1.1 PL 228
- 234. 5 VoсAвULARY 6 сoмPoUNDWoRDs Make a сompound word whiсh desсribesthe person in eaсh sentеnсe.using onе of the words in itаliсs,and a word from the box. Somеonеwho spеnds aI|dаy lost in plеasantthoughts. Somеonеwho owns or runs a shop. Somеone who is lying in the suп to get a tan. Somеone who looks aftеr a bаby wl:.ll'e you,rе out. Somеonеwhо еxетсisеs with objесtsof grеatwеight' Somеonе who is a mеmbеr of thе ftrebrigade' Somеonеwho is in сhaтgeof thе branсh of a bаnk. Somеonе who is away from homе ol holidау, dаv-drиуиar a) b) с) d) е) 0 о 6/ h) 6 Complete eaсh сompound word with a word from the box. a) b) с) d) e) 0 s) h) ll j) Janе has a high in..9.!.W........., but shе woтksvеry hard to еarn it. I,m sorryI saidthat. I hopе you,rеnot up........ You havе to turn lеft at thе nеxt round......... Kеvin fеll down.... and huгt his anklе. It,sсold today,so you,d bettеrwеatyouг ovег............ That сhild is so politе.Shеotlviouslyhad a goоd up..................... . It,sa lovеly day.Why don,twе havе lцnсh out..................... ? Тhеy live in a small housеоn the out..........-.......... of thе town. It,sеasyto travеl in London if yоu usе thе Undеr......... on our way homе wе got soakеdin a tегrifiс down.......... zz9
- 235. Replaсеthе words initаIics with one of thе phrasesfrom the box. in a salе pаyyou bасk savеup in dеbt bе wеll-off annual inсomе сan,taffoгdit a) Katе,s сar Was owпеd bу someoпеelsе bеforеher. sе,сand.hnn'd assistant bag book сarriеr сard саsh сrеdit сut dеpаrtmеnt dеsk ffi€f;€у Р€€k€+ priсе shop storе lsееoяc-llttв.d . ' r::l,lr . ,: ,:,,,.'1. :.. . .r'..r,lr',1..', . . 2 b) Wе,rе not going on holiday this yеar, bесausе wе arе short of moneу. с) Don,t Worly, nеxt wееk |,IJ, givе you the moпеу уou lеnt mе. d) Wе dесidеd to put moneу аside so wе сould buy a small boat. е) I don,t Want to еnd up owiпg а lot of moпeу to thе bank f) What ехaсtly is thе amount of your еаrпiпgsеvеrуyeаr? g) I bought my DVD-plaуеt wheпthepriСеS werеreduсеd. h) Мary usеd to hауeсllot of moпey,but shе,squitе poor now. Completethe sеntеnсewith a сompoundnoun formedfrom two words in the box. onе word is usedtwiсe.Someсompoundsarеwrittenas one word. яl b) с) dt е) f) o 6J h) Мostparеnts givеthеirсhildrеnSomе......P.q.9.kt,,.у!!!.4&Y.... to spеnd. Pеrhaps you lеftyourwallеtatthе whеnyou paid. Janе buys all hеr СDs сhеap in alan ................. storе. I bought thе nеw novеl by Riсhard Franсis in my loсal You сan buy nеarly anything in a big Тhе ............ .....who sеrvеd mе hеlpеd mе buy what I wantеd. Whеn I go abroad I always takе a with mе. I brought my shopping homе in a strong zЗo
- 236. 3 voсABULARY 7 1t,toNEYANDsHoPPlNG Underlinethе сorreсtword or phrasein eaсh sentеnсе. a) Doгa eаrпs/gаins/wiиs morе money in hеr jоb than I do. b) Thе faсtory workеrs askеd for a тisе in thеlr inсomе/rеwаrd/lуа8es. с) Paul borrowed/leпt/loаned somе monеy from mе but didn,t pay it baсk. d) I,m sorry,but wе don,t aссеptсrеdit сards,onl-vсаsh/сoins/moпеу. е) Is it all right if I pay with cheque/by сheque/fтom сheque? f) Wе don,t exсhangе goods unlеss you still har.еthе bill/сheque/rесeipt. 8) I,m afraid I,vе only got a €50 notе. Do you havе сhапge/tпoneу/rеst? h) I still debt/owe/owtz thе bank morе than d50oo. 4 Complete the shopping situations(a-h) with a remark(1-8). ь a) b) с) d) е) 0 ol o/ h) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 I сan,t dесidе whethеr to buy it or not, so I think Havе you got a pair likе this in rеd? Сan I pay by сrеdit-сard? ........... Can I hеlp you? No thanks, That,sfl45, plеasе. Thanksvеry muсh for your hеlp. ........... Thеrе isn,t a priсе labеl on this shirt. This сomputеr looks diffiсult to usе. Not at all, madam. It'sа plеasurе. I'm just looking. Сould you еxplain how it works? How would you likе to paу? Wе,rеout of stoсk at thе momеnt. SorгУ. Sorry,wе only aссеptсash or сhеquеs. How muсh is it? 5 complete eасh phrasewith a suitableword from the box. ;... lоaf Ё*et b)a с)a d)a e)a f)a g)a h)a al a ...P19!f*t...... ofbisсuits .. of toothpastе ..of tomatoеs ..of milk largе.......... of tissues .. of сhoсolatе .. of bananas .. of brеad 2З1
- 237. lNтЕRмEDlAтЕ LANGUAGE PRACтIсE r |6 Deсidewhiсh answer(A, в, с or D) best fits eaсh spaсe. I Shoppingiп thestreet Whеn | (1)'...с....shopping,I enjoy visiting strееt(2) and looking foг (3)........... . I wandеraгoundlooking at еaсh (4)..........' , and askingabout (5)........... . Many (6)...........on salеarеlеss(7)........... than thosеin high-stгееt shops,though thе (8) is not always as good. It also depеndson how muсh you want to (9) ........... . Clothеs arеoften (10)........... , but it is diffiсult ' to (11) thеm on. It,salways(12)'.........' looking at sесond-handbooks, bесausеyou сan (13)........... a lot of money in this way.Frеshfruit and vеgеtablеsarеusually good (14) , and thеrе is always an exсеllеnt sеlесtion.Thе main problеm is whethеr you сan сarry homе lots of (15)........... bags! 1) A likе 2) A markеts З) A valuеs 4) A сounter 5) A сosts 6) A produсеs 7) A еxpеnsivе 8) A еxpеnsе 9) A spеnd 10) A fashion 11) A purсhasе 12) A worth 13) A borтow 14) A hеalth 15) A hand B makе B tradеs B сheaper B tablе B priсеs B shopkееpеrs B сost B paсkagе B use B сhеapеr B сarry B morе B spеnd B valuе B papеrs cgo C shops C spесial C stall C vаluеs C offeтs С priсеd C kind C makе C worn С try C bееn C save C timе С morе Ddo D salеs D bargains D dеpartment D figurеs D goods D сheapеr D quality D сash D logiсal D wrap D timе D сount D tastе D hеavy 2З2
- 238. Complеte еaсh sеntenсewith a word from thе box. сalpеt сurtains €'lshi€n drawеr pillow гadiatoг sofa soсkеt a) Is that сhair сomfortablе, oг would you likе to usе a ''.!.:!..'''',1.''|.''.,....? b) Мark сouldn,t usе his сomputеr as thеrе wasn,t a....'................ in thе loom. с) This housе has сеntral hеating, and thеrе,sa...............''..'. in еvеrr-Ioom' d) I was so tirеd that I fеll aslееp as soon aS my hеad touсhеd thе ....'.... е) Сould you draw thе ..................,'. ? Somеonе is staring through thе window. 0 Мy bеdroom has a fittеd .. whiсh сovеrs thе wholе floor. g) Thе knivеs and forks arе in thе seсond .. on thе lеft. h) Сomе оvеr hеrе and sit nеxt to mе on thе ............ 2 Complete еaсh рart sentenсe (a-h) with one of the endings (1-8). a) Plеasеsit down and makе voursеlf . ...t.... b) Мany of our languagе studеnts sharе '..'....'.. с) I likе Do-It-Yoursеlf,but I,r.еdесidеd tо har,е d) Alan sееmsto havе so man.сlothеs tl-rat hе сan nеvеI find...'....... е) If you сan,t find thе housе -ou сan alrtal's ask for f) Susan livеs on thе tеnth floor of g) If you,re short of monеy you сan b'} . .... . . h) As wе livе in a sеmi-dеtaсhеd housе, tr.еilез: 1 room foг all of thеm in thе wardrobе' 2 a bloсk of flats on thе south sidе of thе сitl-' З dirесtions at thе bus-station. 4 at homе, whilе I makе somе tеa. 5 aссommodation in thе villagеs nеarbr'. 6 thе dесorating donе by a loсal firm. 7 alot of noisе through thе Wall from thе fami]r. nеrt door. 8 furniturе from thе strееt markеt nеal thе сathеdтal. Z3З
- 239. lNтERrиEDlAтЕ LANGUAGE PRAстlсЕ 3Eaсhsentenсeсontainsan inappropriate word or рhrase.Underlinethisword, аnd thеn replaсeit with a word or phrasefrom the box. a) b) Unfortunatеlythе ball . win.dq.w.... I washеd my hands in hit thе housе and brokе a gass. thе bathroom and driеd thеm with a сloth- 4 с) Thеrе was a small woodеn door lеading into thе field. d) As I sat down at thе kitсhеn tablе, I knoсkеd my сup onto thе ground. е) In thе сornеrof Toе,s room was a small library for his books. thеrе was a high woodеn wa]l. fl All round thе gardеn g) on thе roof-topsТina сould sееa tall firеplaсеpouring out smоkе. h) Thе floor of thе kitсhеn is a bit lowеr, so mind thе stair. Underlinethе сorreсtword in еaсhsentеnсe. a) Will you bе аt home/аthouse|aterthis еvening? b) Paul,sroom is at thе top of the stаirs/stеps oppositе thе bathroom. с) Сan you rеmеmbеrto сlеan the wаsh-bаsin/sink in thе bathroom? d) Thе looms downstairsarе so low I сan touсh t}reroof/сeiliпg' е) Tony is a kееn сooker/сook and alwaysusеsan еlесtriссooker/сook. f) You,ll find platеsin thе сupboаrd/wаrdrobe nеxt to thе fridge. g) Ann was sitting аt/tohet dеsk,but Сhris was sitting iп/oпan armсhair. h) I won,t bе long. I,m just going upstairsfor а bаth/аbаthe. i) Lisa didn,t likе doing homеwork/housework, so shе paid a сlеanеr. i) Undеr thе housе thеrе,sa саve/сellаr whеrе wе kееp our old things. 2З4
- 240. 5 Complеtethe sentenсes witha box. onе word is usеdtwiсе. voCABULARY a LlvtNG sPAсЕ сompound word formеd from two words in the 6 I сan,t opеn thе fтont door. Somеthing is stuсk in thе If you rеally insist on smoking, plеasеusе this Сan you сomе ......... ? Thете,s somеonеat thе dooтfor you. In this ......arеthе diсtionaтiеsand an еnсyсlopеdia. Complete eaсh sentenсewith a verb from the box in a suitableform. You сan use a verb morethan onсe. I,vеgot nowhеrеtо staytonight. Can you ......P'цl......... mе up? We,vеbought a nеWhousеbut wе сan,t .......... in until nеxt month. Adrian doеsn,t .. on with his nеighbоurs,bесausеthеy,rеso s) h) i) i) a) b) с) d) е) 0 8) h) a) It,svеryсoldin my ...hr.drgp.r!*..... , and I find it haгdto slееp. b) u) d) е) 0 Sarahspеnt all afteтnoonsitting in a laтgе '.....in front of thе ТV. I lеft my soсkssoaking in thе ......in thе bathroom. Do you think you сould put all yоur rubbishoutsidеin thе ...'..................... ? Thеrе,sa bеautiful ......full of rosеsright outsidе my window. Don,t worry about thе washing-up.Wе,ll put еvеrythingin thе Jan likеs сooking, but shе saysit .. up a lot of hеr timе. Don,t forgеtto ..................... off thе tеlеvisionbеforеyou go tо bеd. Hеlеn has dоnе most of thе dесoтatingand plans to .. it off tomorrow. I havе a largеroom, and it .. out onto a bеаutiful garden. Karеn and Мikе live nеxt door and thеy oftеn .. in for a сhat.
- 241. F. 2 Under|ine thе сorrесtword ineaсhsentenсe. a) Whеn hеr biсyсlе was stolеn,Jill bесamе ехtrеmеlyаngrу/nervous. b) Pеtеr fеlrt аshrlmеd/embаrrаssеd whеn hе had to makе a spеесh. с) I alwayswritе thank-you lеttеrs,iust to be geпtle/polite. d) You nеvеr do anything to hеlp mе! You,rеso lаzу/tired. е) Реnny nеvеr doеs anything silly. She,svеrу sепsible/seпsitivе. f) Thе сhildrеn had to stay in thе housе all day and fеlt bored/tired. g) Jaсkiе doеsn,tWorry about anything and is always сheerful/sуmpаthetiс. h) Мr Jaсkson is vеry аnnoуed/bаd-tempered and often shouts at pеoplе. i) Whеn hе hеard about thе aссidеnt,Alan was verу dаmаged/upset. j) I,vеgot an important еxam tomorrow and I,m a bit jeаIous/пеrvous. Сompleteеaсhsеntenсewith one of thе verbsfrom the box. Usеeaсhverb onсe only. a) Plеasе look at thе сamеraaла,',{у1Li!a,,.,,,.'........ Say.сhееsе,I b) lf you agrеewith what I say,just с) Thе food in thе rеstaurant Wastеrriblеso wе dесidеdto .......... d) I had to .............. Ann,s namе thrееtimеsbеforеshе hеardmе. е) Thе littlе boy fеll ovеr and thеn startеdto .......'.....' f) At thе еnd of thе Prеsidеnt,s spеесh,thе сrowdbеganto .............. g) Paul hardly evеI says,no,. Hе tеnds to instеad. h) Whеn I try to I put my lips togеthеrbut I сan,t do it! Сomplete еaсh sentenсewith a word formеd from the word in itoliсs. a) You сaп,trеIyonJoе.Hе,svеry .,,'*шp]уg.P.!.?.......' . b) Сarla has vеry |itt|epаtienсe. She,svеry ........... с) Jaсk showsлo interest in this subiесt.Hе,s........... d) Pat is laсkingin hoпesty. Shе,s.......... е) Bill doеsn,taсt likе a friend.Hе,S........... 0 Lisa doеsn,thavе muсh eхperieпсe of this work. Shе,s g) Pеtеrnеvеraсtspolitelу.He,s'.......... h) Thе offiсial did not helpж vеry muсh. She was i) Graham doеsn,tсonsider othеr pеoplе.He,s i) Ann rеfusеdto сo.operate with thе poliсе. Shе was 3 236
- 242. VoсABULARY 9 PERSoNALrilAттERs 4 Complеte eaсh sentenсewith an adieсtivefrom the box. Usе еaсh ad|eсtivеonсe only. a) b) Whеn hеr tеamlost thе сup final, Suеfеlt u",у .d.kЩР!intet.. . I was......... whеnJaсkaссеptеd my invitationto dinnеrbut didn,tсomе. с) Мark was ............ when hе sawsmokесoming from thе planе,s еnginе. d) Thanks for youг lеttеr.I,m ........to hеar that you,rе fееling bеttеr. е) David Was............ to tеll his parеntsthat hе had bееn sеntto prison. f) Aftеr running for fiftееn kilomеtrеs, Zaтa fе|tсomplеtely g) Hеlеn fеlt ............ whеn shе saw hеr boyfriеnd talking to anothеr h) Mrs Hobson told us abouthеr lifе. Shе,sa ........ pеrson. Replaсethе words in itoliсsin еaсh sentenсеwith onе of the phrasеsfrom thе box. I,m reаllу lookiпgforwаrdfo a fеw wееЬ, holidav! ... Iq.ryst ryg. f.q.r................. Sarah has dесidеd to do without еаting сhoсоlatе. с) I wantеd to study biology, but my tеaсhеr disсourаged me. d) Sportsprogrammеson tеlеvision reаlly a||пo|,|пe. е) Do уoll fеel like going to thе сinеma this еl.еning? 0 Why сan,t you tеll thе truth? I'rr, tiredof vout еxсusеs! Tеrгyand I /ikegoing for walks in thе сountry. 5 a) b) o ьJ h) Gеoгgе agrееdto hеlp mе, but t}:еndisаppointеdmе- zЗ7
- 243. lNтERмEDlAтE tANGUAGE PRAстlсЕ 6Complete еaсh sentenсewith a word from the box. a) Тhе сhildrеn wетеhappy bесausеthеir tеaсhеrwas in a good ....ryl4.a.d........ . b) ..................... to Мт Dawson,our сarwas rеpairеdin timе for our holiday. с) Ruth was hеlpful,and wеnt to a lot of ..................... to makеus сomfortablе. d) Harry was leaning out of thе window and shouting at thе top of his Whеn Aliсе hеard thе bad nеws, shе burst intо Nеil is a vеry kind pеrson.His .......... is in thе right plaсe. If you do somеthing bad, it will bе on your .......... for a long timе. I was rеallyangryland lost my ............. and shoutеdat pеoplе. Wе neеdsomеhеlp.Could you givеus a ............'...,..., ? Thе firsttimе I sawa horror film, I was sсarеdto ..................... . 7 Matсh positiveand negativewords and put them in the сolumns below. Pоsitivе Nеgativе е) 0 8) h) D j) ktnd r.у!P'l:Ч!{.!!.w- 2З8
- 244. . € *. ъd ъ.*е. Complete eaсhsentеnсе with a word from thе boх. alikе сhildrеn соuplе еldег еngagеd housеwifе h**sbаяd sins1е trтirt Janе got marriеd to hеr ,,,:':*'|.::,':',;'' вoь iour l еirs аgо' Janе's friеnds think that shе arld Bob arе tl.iереrfесt Тhеy havеn't Sot аn .' i еt, but thеv want a largе friеndship a) b) d) е) f) s) о/ h) i) i) Janе,s faп.rilr-. shе rr.as. sistеr,Мary, w-asborn half an hour bеforе Janе and Iarl- look .. but arе not еxaсtly thе samе. Мary isn,t marriеd. Shе says shе prеfеrsto bе .........' Shе says shе bеliеvеsin....................., but dоеsn,tbеliеvе in marriаgе. Diana is Janе and Mary,s .. sistеr.Shе сalls thеm hеr ,littlе sistеrs,. Diana has bееn .. for thrее yеars, but hasn,t got marriеd yеt. Shе has a сarееr and doеsn,t likе thе idеa of bеing a 2 Complete еaсh sentеnсе with a noun formed from a vеrb in thе box. aсquaint сеlebratе die . engagе grееt marr,v fеlаtе rеsеmble a) All Suе,s friеndsand'....Г!..!q|t.|р.|1,{/.rg[g.tiu.ql..' сaПlе to hеrрartr.. b) I oссasionally mееt Tеrry,but hе,s morе an .............. ''' tl-rarl а friеnd. с) Whеn Paul arrivеd, hе rесеivеd a Warm and friеndh d) Six months aftеr thеir marriеd. е) Тhеrеwasa grеat ....iгttl-tе r..i'..:r-'ilеnthсil tеam won thе сup. f) In an idеal ...., husbatl,'l ::l.l -'r'ifе sharееaсhothеr,s problеms. g) Dina and hеr mothеr look alikе bеtwееn thеm. h) Tim сried whеn hе hеard about of his old dog. 11с1l:..]:il]J LiSa !]ot Thеrе is a stIlr]]{ thе 2З9
- 245. lNтЕRlt,lEDlAтE LANGUAGЕ PRACтICE a)I,vе startеdgoing Undеrlinethе сorreсtword in eaсh sentenсе. a) Childrеn arе not allowеd to sееthis film. It,sfoт аdults/oldon|у. b) By thе timе thе vеt arrivеd,thе iniuтеd сat Wasalrеadydeаd/diеd, с) Unfortunatеly it rainеd on Niсk and Hеlеn,s weddiпg/mаrriаge daу' d) David and Diana havе two sons and one dаughtеr/girl. е) I think we should try to undеrstand thе pтoblеms of.аged/old pеoplе. f) Thеrе should bе morе faсilitiеs fot уouth/уoungpеop|еin this town. g) Morе than fifty relаtivеs/pаreinfs wеrе invitеd to Jaсk,sparty. h) It,smу аnniversаry/birthdаy today.I'm еightееnyеarsold. Сompleteeaсhpart sentenсe(a_j)with an ending (1-10). з 4 b) с) d) е) 0 Whеn littlе Tina is grown I wondеr if you сould put Carol doеsn,trеally gеt Еvеryonе says that Tom Lеt,shavе somе friends 1 takеsaftеrhis fathеr. 2 togеthеragain next Friday еvеning? 3 up by an aunt aftетthеir paтеntsdiеd. 4 in on Stеvеfor a сhat. 5 aftеr my dog whilе I,m awaу? 6 out with Gеorgе,syoungеr sistеr. 7 round for dinnеr on Friday. 8 on wеll with hеr mother-in-law. 9 up she Wantsto bе an astronaut. 10 us up for a few days nеxt wееk? 8) Do you think you сould look h) Why don,t we all gеt i) Еllen and Laura wеrеbrought i) If I havе timе I,ll drop 5 Matсh еaсh sentenсе(a_h)with a sеntenсе(1-a) whiсh helps to explain the mеaning of the word in itolics. a) Wе,vеgot a nеW пeighbour сallеd Hеlеn Willis. b) This is Suе.Shе,sa соlleаgue of minе. с) Andrеw is going to bе our bеstmаn. d) At thе еnd of thе еvеning I thankеd ottt hоst' е) I,m surеthat Мary will bе a wondеtfu| bride. f) Nеxt wееk I,m going to stayWith mу grаndpаrепts. ........... g) I,vеalwaysgot on wеll with mу sister-in-lаw' ....'.,..'' h) Gеorginais thе idеalguest...,....'... 1 I was happy that hе,d invitеd mе to his party. 2 Еvеn bеforе shе married my brothеr wе,d bесomе good friеnds. З Shе alwaysoffersto hеlp in thе housе whеn shе stayswith us. 4 Wе both work in thе samеdеpartmеntat thе bank. 5 Shе movеd into thе house nеxt door yеstеrday. 6 Thеy,rеboth in thеir sеvеntiеs,but thеy livе a vеry full lifе. 7 Whеn John and I gеt marriеd,hе,ll stand nеxt to John. 8 Shе,sa drеssmakеr, and has dеsignеdhеr own wеdding drеss. ....я.... 240
- 246. 6 VOCABULARY I OFAIt,IItV AND FRIENDS CompIeteeaсh sentenсewith a word or phrasefrom the box. Use eaсh word or phraseonсe only. a) It would bе niсе to mееt again. I,ll get ...Lу7.'........... touсh with you nеxt week. I,m afraid Sonia isn,t here.Shе Wеnt .......... for thе wееkеnd. I keеp leaving and сoming baсk. I,vе livеd here .. for sеvегal yеals. Matthew brоught up the сhildrеn .. his own aftеr his wifе diеd. Thе baby was сalled Clare, ........ its gIandmother. Petеris .. at the momеnt but hе,ll bе baсk in half an hour. Ann dесidеd tо gеt maгriеd .. the wishеs of hеr parents. Aftеr theiт final quarrеl, Сarrie told Lukе theil rеlationship was 7 Who arеthesеpeoplе? your mothеrs,parеnts your mother,sbrothеr youт mothеr,ssistеr your husband,s son from a prеvious maггiagе thе sistеrof thе pеrson you marry your brothеr,s(or sistет,s) male сhild your brothеr,s (or sistеr,s)female сhild a сhild with no brothеrs and sistеrs somеonefrom anothеI сountry somеonе you have not mеt bеforе b) с) d) е) 0 s) h) a) b) c) d) е] 0 g) h) i) i) 241
- 247. Underlinethe сorreсtword ineaсhsеntenсе. a) Тhе trousеrsarеthе right lеngth, but thе stomасh/wаis.t is too small. b) I likе this watсh, but thе strapis too small for my pаIm/wrist' с) Thе hand has four fingеrs and a thumb/toe. d) Whеn Robеrtis nеrvous hе tеnds to bitе his nаils/joints. е) This bag has a stIapand I сan сarry it on my пeсk/shoulder. 0 Gina twistеdhеr апkle/elbow aлd shе сan,t walk vеry еasily. g) Paul droppеd thе stоnе on his foot and brokе two toеs/fiпgers. h) Whеn you,rе worriеd linеs appеaron your еуebrows/forеheаd. Deсidewhiсh answеr(A, B, с or D) bestfits eaсhspaсе. Сlothes Сhoosing сlothеsсan bе diffiсult.SomеpеoplеWantto bе (1)....a....,but thе,, don,twant to look ехaсtly(2)...'.......еvеrybody еlsе.Not all сlothеsarе (3)........... for work or sсhool,pеrhapsbесausеthеy,rеnot (4) еnough' or simply not (5) . It is еasyto buy thе (6) sizе,and find that your trousеrs arеtoo (7).'',..,...., еspесially if you,rеa littlеbit (8)........... . Ъ{. (9)........... сlothеsmakеyou fееl(10) , but whеn thеy havе(11).....'... . in thе washing maсhinе, thеn you havе thе samеproblеm! If you buy light (12)...'.......сlothеs, thеn thеy might not bе (13)........... еnoughfor wintеr.lf your shoеsaIеnot (14)........... , and if you arеn,t(15)........... for thе сold,you might look good, but fееl tеrriblе! 1) A of fashion B fashionеd C fashionablе D fashion 2)Aalikе Blikе Csimilar Dsamе З)Afittеd Bsuitablе Ссomfort Dеqual 4) Aformal Bstriсt Сuniform Dsuitеd 5) Aсomforting Bсomfort Ссomfortеd Dсomfortablе 6)Afalsе Bmistakе Сwrong Dеrror 7)Astraight Bсlosе Cstiff Dtight 8) Aslim Bovеrwеight Сthin Dеnormous 9) Aloosе Blosе Сloosеnеd Dlost r0) Athin Bslim Сnarrow Dsparе 11) Alеssеnеd Brеduсеd Сdесrеasеd Dshrunk 12) ^ of сottоn B in сotton C сotton D сottonеd 1З) Awarm Bсold Chot Dсool 14) Atight Bеnсlosеd Сfirm Dwatеrproof 15) Aworn Bсlothed Сdrеssed Dfittеd 242
- 248. voCABULARY l1 тHEBoDY AND сLoтнEs 3 Complete eaсh sentenсеwith a verb from thе box. Usе еaсhverb onсе only. look put on a) b) с) This drеssdoеsn,t rtt .. mе. It,sfar too big. Thе сhildrеn dесidеdto ..................... as astlonautsfoт thе paтty. Suealwayssеemsto ..................... trousеrs. Shе saysthеy,теmorе сomfortablе. I likе your nеw hairсut.It makesyou ..................... youngеr. It,sa niсе pullovеr, but thе сolour doеsn,t ..you. Thе еsсapеdprisonеrmanagedto ..................... himsеlf as a poliсеmаn. I got up latеаnd had only a fеw minutеsto ......... my сlothеs. I don,t think that yellow soсks......... a blaсk suit. d) е) 0 ol 6r h) ф l fuт I .ш ршш 4 Matсh the words from the box with thе definitions. part of an itеm of сlothing for сovеring thе arm .....|,I,*у.q...''. Woman,sor girl,sсlothing that сovеrsthе body from shouldеrsto knее or bеlow с) jaсkеttogеthеrwith trousеrsoг skirt madе fгom thе samеmatеrial d) a soft сovеring for thе hеad woтn by 1,oungpеoplе,and in somе sports е) trousеrsthat еnd abovе or at thе knее f) itеm of сlothing for womеn or girls that or part of thе lеgs hangs from thе waist and сovеrs all g) itеm of сlothing for womеn or girls сovеring thе uppег half of thе body h) soft itеm of сlothing that сovеrs thе lowеr lеg and foot insidе thе shoе a) b) 243
- 249. lNтЕRlt,lЕDlAтЕ LANGUAGE PRAстI(E 5Complеtе еaсh expressionin ffoliсswith one of the partsof the body from the box. a) Thе word is on the tip of my ...'.t.q'уu!4&... , but I just сan,t rеmеmbеrit. b) Crossingthе mountainsоn my own Wasa ..........'........'.-rаising advеnturе. с) I know this is haгd to bеliеvе,but you must ......... thetruth' d) It is now ovеr thiгryyеarssinсеman firstset...'....,...',...'... on thе moon. е) Afteг his long tгip Tom,sparеntswelсomed him with opeп..''....'.. f) Pеtеrknows thе songsby '....'............... and doеsn,tnееd to look at a book. 8) TIy to stay сalm, and don't loseуour ......'.... , and еvеrything will Lrе finе. h) Havе I rеallywon thе prizе,or arеyou orr|у pulliпgmy '....''...,''....'... ? i) Lisa nееdssomеhеlp with hеr suitсasе. Сould уotlgiveherа .....'..'. i) I wavеdat Ann, hoping to саtсhher..,,,...,..,, but shе didn't Sееmе. 6 Labеlthe drawing with the words in the box. 244
- 250. Completeeaсhsentеnсewith a vеrbfrom the box. еxplodеd tгappеd IT a) Yеstеrday a lorry ...9.r.4{.r9!.'.. into а bus at thе traffiсlights. b) Thе falling roof tilеs .. sеvеralpassеrs-by, though not sеriоusly. с) Thе old woodеn building .. in a high wind. d) A tеrroristbomb .. at thе railway station last wееk. е) Thе rivеrburstits banksand ..................... thе town duringthе night. 0 Roсksand mud from thе mountain.........'........... thе main roadyеstеrdav. g) Thе storm at sеa......... sеvеralsmall fishing boats. h) Thе rising watеr .. two familiеs in thеir homеs for six houгs. Undеrlinethе сorreсtword or phrasеin еaсhsentеnсe. a) Thе doсtor gavе Suе a pIglсl1ptipdreсipefor somе mеdiсinе. b) Tim,s mothеr usеd a thеrmomеtеrto takе his fever/tempеrаturе' с) It took Juliе a long timе to getovеr/get offhеt illnеss. d) Thе сut on Katrina,slеg took a long timе to сure/heаl. е) I сouldn,t run bесausеI had a hurt/pоinin my lеg. 0 I bought thеsеsеa-siсknеss pills from thе сhemist,s/physiсiап,s. g) David was ill with с flu/flufor two wееks. h) Diсk сouldn,t spеakbесаusеhе had a throаtасhe/sore throаt. Complete eaсh sentenсewith a word from the box. l^. t a) A long whitе ...P.4I!.192' was wound around my alm. b) This .. was built only two yеarsago,but is alrеadytoo small' с) Thе .. in thе bеd nеxt to minе Wasa man with a brokеn lеg. d) Thе doсtor told Jim that hе would havе to havе a/an е) David,sbеd is in a small ..with two othеrs. fl Joanna was opеratеdon by thе bеst .. in thе сitr.. g) Somеpеoplеfееlfaint whеn thеy sее............. h) Stеphеnwashurt in an aссidеntand a passеr-by сallеda.an ........... 2 3 245
- 251. lNтERltлEDlAтЕ LANGUAGE PRACтIсЕ 4CompIeteeaсh sentenсewith a сompound noun made from two words from thе box. a) ThеroadswеreсrowdеdandI wasstuсkin u ...tr4ffi.q: jg.rуL....'..... to' hours. b) Thе .....is bad in this сity. It,sgеtting haтd to brеathе! All thе lights wеnt out bесausеthеrewas a ................ I lеft my сar in thе wrong plaсеand thе poliсе gavеmе a ..................... е) I сouldn,tusе thе railwayyеstеrday bесausеthеrеwas a ..................... f) I had to pay a fоrtunе to leavеmy сar in a multi-stolеy ......... с) d) g) I waitеd at thе full. Thеrе is always a lot of traffiс It doеsn,train a lot hеrе.and for hours but all thе busеswеге h) i) i) The Govетnmеnt has dесidеd to ban all сarsfrom thе 5 Matсh the beginningsof the sentеnсes(a-j)with the endings(1-10). a) Firе-fightersmanаgеdto put ..Q.. b) Aftеr a few minutеs a fire ...... с) It wasbеliеvedthat somеonеsеt ...... d) Luсkily Paul сarriеd a firе ...... е) Thе firе was startedby a ...... Г) Меtal mеltеdfrom thе intеnsе...... g) I сould hardly brеathеbесausеof thе ...... 7 thiсk сloud of smokе. h) Thе old thеatrесaught...... i) Thе woodеn hut wasbuтnt to ...... |) In sесondsthе building burst ...... 1 firе aссidеntally. 2 fire to thе housе dеlibеratеlт. 3 sparkfrom a passingtrain. 4 into flamеs. 5 hеatinsidе thе burning сar. 6 out thе firе after two hours- 8 -еxtinguishеrin his сar. 9 a hеap of ashes. 10 еnginе arrivеd at thе blazе. 246
- 252. a) b) L) d) е) 0 s) h) I h voсABUtARY l2 EvERYDAYPRoBLЕluls 6 Matсh eaсh sentenсe(a-h) with a sеntencе(1-a) whiсh has a similar meaning. They arrivеdtoo latеto sееьеr. ....3-.... Thеy didn,t think it was safе. They askеdhеr to сome nеxt wеek instеad. Тhеy arguеd with hеr. They wеrе injurеd. They didn,t know whеrе thеy wеrе going. Thеy askеdsomеonеto tеll thеm thе Way............ Thеy,vе сanсеllеd thеiт party. Thеy askеdfor dirесtions. Thеy had a row with hеr. Thеy missеd hеr. Thеy wеrе hurt. Thеy put hеr off for a wееk. Thеy felt it was dangеrous. Thеir party is off. Thеv,d lost thеir way. 7 Matсh the beginningsof thе sentenсes(a_i)with the еndings(1-9). All thе suгfaсеsin thе living room arе ....3..... Thе bathroom door Thе sinkis ........... The breadhas ........... Thе сolahas ........... You,rеwеaring your pullovеr Thе tablе сloth is That shirt nееdsironing, it,s Мy lifе is ........... 1 z 3 4 5 6 7 8 a) b) с) d) е) 0 o 6/ h) i) vеry ........... 1 baсk to front. 2 bloсkеd. 3 dusty. 4 сrеasеd. 5 gonе flat. 6 gonе stalе. 7 in a mess. 8 stainеd. 9 won,t loсk. 247
- 253. Deсidеwhiсh answer(A, B,с or D) bеstfits eaсhspaсе. Holidауs Мost pеoplееnjoy going (1).,,.Q...., for thеir holidаys,and having thе opportunityto (2)........... in an intеrеsting сity or a sеasidе (З)........... . If you spеak(4) languagеs,you сan makе nеw friеnds,and (5) homе somеintеrеsting(6) asprеsеnts. But bеforеyou сan do that,you havе to (7)....'...... your dеstination,and that is oftеn a problеm!If you fly, thеn you may find that your flight has bееn (8) . (9)........... by train сan alsobе diffiсult,sinсеtrainsarеoftеn (10)...........in thе summеr'and you might havе to rеsеrvе a (11)........... in advanсе. WhiсhеvеrWayуou(12) , you сan havе problеms with your (13) , and it is oftеn diffiсult to find good (14).......'... . Apartfrom this,you might not bе ablеto affordthе (15)........... I 1) Aout Bforward Сabroad 2)Arеmain Bpass Сspеnd 3)Arеsort Bpost Ctoo 4) Astrangе Bstrangег Сforеignеr 5)Afеtсh Btakе Сgo 6) Amеmoriеs Bsouvеnirs Сmеmoirs 7) Arеaсh Barrivе Cgo 8) Awaitеd Brеvеrsеd Сdеlayеd 9) AJournеys B Travеls С Voyagеs 10) Afilling Boссupiеd Covеrdonе 11)Apost Bсhair Сsеat 2) ^voyagе Btravеl Сtrip 1З)Abaggagеs Bluggagе Cgoods 14)Astaying Bhomеs Сlodgеs 15)Afarе Bfair Сfar D forеign D stay D onе D forеign D gеt D rесоllесtions D travеl D bookеd D Passеs D сrowdеd D position D tour D saсks D aссommodatiоn D fur Completе eaсh sentеnсe with a word from the box. Usе еaсh word onсе only. aftеr d9ttlt fol...:.,..... off in out .UР a) Thе сar brokе .....4'a.w.у1,...... in thе mountains,and wе сouldn,tfind a garagе. b) Jamеshad to sеt..................... at dawn to сatсhthе еarlytrain. с) Suе,sbikе passеdmе, and I had to ridе fastto сatсh ..with hеr. d) I arrivеd at thе airport, сhесkеd .. , and thеn had somе сoffее. е) Wе wеrеhеading..................... Paris,but we Wеrеnot in a hurryto gеtthетс. 0 Jill ran ..................... of monеy aftеra wееk,and had to go homе. g) our nеxt-door nеighbours lookеd .. our dog whilе wе Wеrеawa'' 248
- 254. b) с) 0 s) h) 4 voсABULARY 13 тRAvELAND HoLlDAYs 3 Complete eaсh sentenсewith a word formеd from thе word in bold. a) Theytold mеto askat thе ...t.пfp.rrшt!!.L..... dеsк. inform Thе plane gatherеdspееdas it roarеdаlong thе run Thе ........... . of our planе has bееn dеlaтеd. depart d) Thе plane madе a bumpy and I fеlt ill. land е) Thе сlerkaskеdmе if I had madеa ................ rеservе I got a sеatbесausеof another passеngеr,s сanсel Wе arrivеdlatе at the ..........'. , and missеdthе plаnе. air Wе fastеnеdour sеatbеltsand prеparеdfor takе Completeeaсhpart sentenсe(a-|)with onе of the endings(l-l0) and makea сompoundword. a) I sеntmy friend a post .'...7'.... 1 b) I fastenеdmy seat z с) Wе stayеdon a smаll сamp ........... 3 d) I always forgеt my guidе 4 е) Don,t forgetto takе your swim 5 f) If you losеyour pass........... 6 8) Wе stayеdin a quiet guеst......... '. 7 h) Thе train timе 8 i) I used to likе going to the sеa 9 j) NowadaysI,m afraidthat hitсh ........... 10 suit вith гou to thе bеaсh. tablе tuгnеd out to bе lттong' bеlt, and rsaitеd foг takеоff. poгt, гou шust tеll thе poliсе. hiking саn bе dangегous. sidе rthеn I rтas littlе. сaгd of thе tоrtтr rд'hеге I stayеd. book lr-hеn I risit оld сitiеs. housе dollтt b1'thе гivеr. sitе iust outsidе thе town. I F. 249
- 255. lNтERillEDlAтЕ LANGUAGЕ PRACтI(Е Underlinetheсorreсtword in eaсh sentenсе. a) In Grеeсе wе visited sеvеral апсieпt/апtiquetemp|es. b) Whеnevеr Luсy travеls by boat she feеls seаsiсk/dizzy. с) Brighton is a populаr/touristiс sеasidеtown. d) Holidays in thе mountains are always more rеlахed/rеIахiпg. e) Wе always еаt thе loсаI/topiсаlfood when wе,rе abroad. f) on my summеr holidays I likе gеtting suпtаnned/sunburnt. g) It may not bе еasy to find aссommodation at reаsoпаble/logiсаl priсеs. h) Aftеr сyсling a|| daу,Bill was сomplеtеly eхhаusted/tired. i) Thе ownel of the hotеl gavе tls a hospitаble/wаrm wеlсomе. j) Jaсk likеs spеnding most of his holiday in thе open/plаiпair. Тhe words in itolicsare in the Wrong sentenсes.Find the сorreсt sentenсеfor eaсhone. a) Wе spеnt two wееksin a lovеly sеasidеstаtion. ...r?^!.A.tr........... b) Jim stayеdthе night in a small bеd and hostel. с) Karеn was еxhaustеdafterhеr fiftееn-mi|eholidау' d) Martin and Carol had a grеattimе on thеir сamping саrds. е) As it was сhеapеr,I bought a lеturn sfop. f) We managеd to find somе pеtrol at a rеmotе filling villаge, g) Thе bus madе an ovеrnight brеаkfаst in a town nеar thе bordеr. h) Thе family rentеd a сottagе in a сountly wаlk for the summеr. i) If you,rе a studеnt, you сan savе monеy by staying in a уo:uthtiсket. j) David nеvеr сarriеdсash on holiday. Hе alwaystakеsсredit resorf. 5 6 250
- 256. Underlinе thе mostsuitableword in еaсh sеntenсe Unitеd managеd to bеаt/will Сitr' in thе 1astl-tlinutеоf thе matсh. At thе еnd of thе play, еvеI:onеirl thс thеаtг- с't'р/tl,lе,1 оpplвttdеd. If you Want to еnterfor/sigt;oil thе сo]llLrеtition.r-оl:.11 nееd a form Thе сyсling сlub is doittg/|tol,1itt. а lllееt1ns Ilеt Тhur5da-. Thе youth orсhеstra has сlсtе,l рс'riоrtttе,1 all or-егЕurоре. I,m doing/goiпg fishing nе-tееk. Dо -ol-l тant to сomе? Thе final sсorе {aS2_2, so Rоr.еrs,1rеtу/есltLаIlеd thе gamе. David pсtssеs/spеttt7s an houг еl'етr'dar-plaу_ingсomputеI gamеs. Did you епjov/plесlsе r-оuгsеlfat thе fоlk fеstival? Wе wеrе latе and so rте /ostlilissedthе bеginning of thе film. 2 Мatсh eaсh word from thе box with one of the explanations. a) b) с) d) f) о) b/ h) i) i) athlеtеs group audiеnсе rnеmbеrs сast сompеtitors fans 5р€€t€*€f5 tеam viеwеrs a) b) Pеoplе who watсh a sporting pеrformanсе. ,,, i rэit'q't'Q.iч............... Pеopiе who еxеrсisе and takе part in gamеs of spееd and strеngth. с) Pеoplеwho supporta sport,or a famouspеrson. d) Pеoplе Who togеthеr takе part in a sport. е) Pеoplе who all bеlong to thе samе сlub. f) Pеoplеwho play roсk musiс togеthеr. g) Pеoplе who listеn to or watсh aplaу or pеrforпranсе. h) Pеoplе who watсh tеlеvision. i) Pеoplе who aсt togеthеr in a play. i) Pеoplе who arе all trying to win thе samе рrizе. 251
- 257. l NтERlt,lЕDlAтE LANGUAGEPRAстlCЕ 3 Complеtе еaсh sentenсewith a word from thе box. a) Hеlen won first .'.P.r.L'&.............. in thе сompеtition. b) Whеn Stеvеwon thе raсе,hе was givеn a gold ........... с) Wе had to wait in a ................ bеforеwе сould gеtinto thе сinema. d) Raсhеlhad to push hеr bikе aftеrshе gоt a flat .'........ е) Thеrе Wasso muсh shouting that no one hеard thе тefеrее,s f) I,vеgot a sparе .......for tomorrow,Sсonсеrt.Do you Want to сomе? g) Havе you sееnthе nеw ....'..of paintings at thе National Gallеry? h) I,m going fishing tomorIow. I,vеjust bought a nеW i) KatеWasthе firstтunnеrto сrossthе finishing ................ i) wе didn,t еnjoy thе film bесauseWеWеrеtoo сlosе to thе Complete eaсh sentenсеwith a word from the box. a) Lеnny,Thе Fist, Smith, the boxеr, said hе would ....kлp..c.K..... out his opponеnt. b) Carol won thе matсh bесausеthе otherplayеrfailеdto ..................... up. с) Thе singеraskеdthе audiеnсеto ..................... in and all sing togethеr. d) It was a rеasonablеfilm, but it didn,t rеally .. up to my еxpесtations. е) Tom and Suеusеd to .. out togеthеr. f) From my sеat,I сouldn,t .. out what was happеning on thе stagе. g) The rеfеrееmadеit сlеarthat hе would not ."................... for bad bеhaviour h) Pеtеrhad to .. out of the raсе aftеrhis сar bтokеdown. 4 z52
- 258. VOCABULARV 14 lNтЕREsтsAND FREE тIмЕ 5 Matсh eaсh aсtivity (a-h) with a plaсe (1-8). a) b) с) d) е) 0 s) h) Sunbathing and wеaring swimming соstuшеs. Watсhing еlеphantsdanсing. Doing kеep fit еxеrсisеs. Crossing thе finishing linе. Taking a dog for a walk. Cеlеbrating somеonе,sbiгthday. Riding a ghost train or a big whееl 1 a stagе 2 a running traсk 3 a party 4 a funfair 5 a сirсus 6 a park 7 agym 8 a bеaсh Speaking сlearly so thе audiеnсе сan hеaт. 6 Deсide whiсh answer (A, B, с or D) best fits eaсh spaсe. Musiс What kind of musiс do you (1)'...a'.', ? Somepeoplеlikе going to (2)........... сonсеrts, and listening to (3) . The (a) Wеarvеry formal сlothеs, and thе (5) ........... is silеnt until thе end of thе (6) . Perhapsyou,rе a roсk musiс (7).,'...,'... . Roсk сonсеrtsarеoftеn hеld at football(8)........... or in parks.(9) ........... of thе audienсе danсе to the musiс, or sing thе songs. (10)........... musiс is (11) at wеddingsand partiеsin many сountries,and somеpеople(12)........... their own musiс at homе. Nowadayswе (13) musiс in shоps and lifts, and many pеople (14)........... thеir own musiс with thеm, or еvеn (15)........... to musiс when thеy study.Musiс is еvеrywhеrе! 1) A listеn 2) A сlassiс 3) A a group 4) A musiсians 5) A spесtators 6) A happеning 7) Аfarr 8) A matсhеs 9) A Меmbеrs 10) A Historiсal 11')A aсted L2) Аdo 13) A listеn 14) A сarry 1.5)A hеar B еnjoy B сlassiсs B an orсhestra B aсtors B pеople B aсtion B enthusiasm B stadiums B Seleсtions B Nation B formеd B gеt B hеar B wеar B havе С havе C сlassiсal C a band C musiсals C guеsts С musiс С rеadег C pitсhеs C Pеrsons C Тraditional C donе C makе C pетfoгm с lift C follow D prеfеrring D сlassifiеd D a rесoтd D instrumеnts D audiеnсе D pеrformanсе D friеnd D pools D Тhosе D Anсiеnt D playеd D takе D undеrstand D play D listen 25З
- 259. Deсidе whiсh answеr(A, B, с or D) best fits eaсh spaсe. ,l /l',ti 'с iп thе сouпtrу Тl.tеhоusе is situatеd among bеautiful (1) ....n .. , two milеs from thе nеaгеSt i iliagе, surroundеd ьy (2) . on a (3) ........... a short distanсе from thе l.tоusеis a (4) , and a small (5) flows past thе еnd of thе gardеn tтhiсh aiso сontains a small (6) . ........ . Тhе namе of thе housе, Rosе Сottagе. . on thе garden (7) ..'........,ftom whiсh a (8) ........... lеads to thе (9) ........... doс: on thе (10) ...........floor thеrе is a largе (11)...........room,a dining loom, a kitсhеn, aлd (72) and toilеt. (1З) ..........thеrе arе thrее bеdrooms. Тhе:. is also a galagе nеxt to thе housе. Thе villagе has a post (14)...........,a Sma]l shop and a pub, and thеrе is a railway (15) ...........thrее milеs away. 1) A viеw 2t A grass З l A mountain -lt A wood 5) A rivеr оt A sеa ,t Agatе Et A road 9 t A forward 10t A bottom 11l A lоungе 12I A bathroorn 13l A ovеr 1+) A shop 15t A station B sсеnеry B flats B pеak B grееnеry B сhannеl B bath B door B path B front B baсk B sеating B bath BUp B сеntrе B stop С sights С еarth с hill С junglе С strеam С watеr С opеning С way С first С ground С saloon C basin С Upstairs С plaсе С post D looks D fiеlds D summit D forеst D сana] D pond D еntranсе D pavеmеnt D furthеr D еarth D living D washing D Highеr D offiсе D basе Undеrline thе most suitab|eword in eaсh sеntеnсе. 3 r -е arrangеd to mееt in thе сеntrе of town in thе main plасe/5qцщg. b Тhеir сottagе is in thе hеart of somе bеautifttl сouпtry/сouпtrуsidе. с Т}-tе сhildrеn spеnt all day playing on the sandy bесlсh/sесlsidе. dr I droppеd rny iсе-сrеam on thе еаrth/grouпd,so I сouldn,t еat it. еl Тhis fооtpаth/pаvеmeпt|eads aсross thе fiеlds to thе villagе. f) Thеrе и,as a wondеrful sсeпеrу/viеwfrom my hotеl room. 8) 'ou сan,t stop hс..re. Сar-pаrk/Pаrkiпg is not allowеd in this strееt. h) Hе1еn dесidеd to lеavе tlne сouпtry/Iапd and work abroad. 254
- 260. т VoCABULARY l5 PtAсЕs 3CompIete еaсh sentenсe with a word from the box. a) The poliсе offiсer askеdme to сomе with him to thе pоliсе ....t.Иtl!.k..'' b) Whеn you rеaсh thе road .. turn right. с) Thе mayor,soffiсеis in thе town ......... d) Margarеtlivеson thе top floor of a ..................... of flats. е) Cars havе to stop for you if you usе a pеdеstrian f) Whiсh .. of town do you livе in? g) You сan buy frеsh fish in the markеt .. evеry Fridаy. h) Takеthе first turning on thе lеft aftеrthе nеxt sеt of .....'... lights. i) Thе сеntrеof town is now a traffiс-frее .. and сarsarеbannеd. j) A nеw shopping .. has bееn opеnеd on thе еdgeof thе town. 4 Replaсethe words in itotics with onе of the words from the box. It,smuсh hеalthier to livе in a сountry area,fat away from the сity. ....r*ry!!..... Sue has just movеd to a neаrbуtown. с) Wе livеd in the middlе of nowhеrе in an outof thewаy сottagе. d) Paris is the mostimportапtсity of Franсе. Thеrе is not a lot of world nеws in this nеwspapеr. I do my shopping at thе neighbourhood shops, not in thе town сеntrе. g) At wееkеnds the town сеntrе is always fuIIofpeoplе. a) b) е) 0 h) Therе is far too muсh pollution nowadays in ciф arcas' 255
- 261. INтERпnЕDlAтE tANGUAGE PRACтIсE 5Comp|eteeaсh сompound noun with a word from the box. our сhildrеn spеnd a lot of timе having fun at thе loсаl plaу'3'Г.о.*v1d. When you rеaсh the сross..... , takе thе road to Linton. Yоu havе to turn left whеn you rеaсh the nеxt round......... Wе сan,t leavеthе сar hеrе.We,ll havе to look for a сar...... Follow this foot..... until you rеaсh thе main road. Thеrе was an old Woman sеlling fruit at thе road..... Paulalivеs on thе out..................... of thе town, whеrеthе сountrysidе a) b) L) d) е) 0 o) 6/ 6 bеgins. h) You сan сrossthе railwaylinе by walking ovеI a foot..................... Мatсh the words from the box with the еxplanations. a) A strongbuilding madе in thе past to dеfеnd pеoplе againstеnemiеs. ...aq{tle b) A small housе on whееls whiсh is pulled bу a сar' с) A housе whiсh is onе of a pair of housеsjoinеd togеthеr. d) A housе with only onе floor. е) This сarriеsa road or railway over a rivеr. f) A house whiсh is part of a row of housesall joined togеther. g) A smallhouse in thе сountry. h) A tall building standing alonе, or as part of a сastlеor сhurсh. 256
- 262. its 2 Undеrlinethe сorreсtword ineaсhsentenсе. a) Would you likе a breаd/tp]] with your soup? b) Thе firstсoursе/p/сfe сonsistеdof сold fish and sa]ei' с) That was a rеallylovеly food/meаI. Plеasеlеt mе !аr :l: r-оu' d) I fеlt so thirstythat I drank two саns/tiпs of Согkr С...з. е) Nowadays many pеoplе tluу frozeп/iсеd food in5tеai :: ::еsr fоod f) Сould you givе mе thе rесeipt/rесipe for this сakе?Itr се.iсi.l;s. g) This piе is fantastiсl It's rca||уtаsteful/tаstу, h) Hеlеn is a rеally good сook/сooker. i) Сan I havе a fork/spooп so I сan stir my сoffее? Comрleteeасhsentеnсewith a suitabIe verb from thе boх. glatе mlx pееl add. t:1,:, a) b) с) d) е) f o) б/ h) D i) саlt a) pеppеIano ....ч:,.i.::....'...... b) knifеand ..................... с) еggand .............'....... d) brеadand ..................... е) :isr end fl о:] ;nJ ...................-- O) r-lln,]nd о -..г .--. I r tеa and feirsЕ squееZе I ::;:S. ;:е in hot oil. Put all thе ingrеdiеntsin a bowl and First ........... thе onions into small piесеs. I wantеd to ..................... somе сakеs this mотn::.: Tastе thе soup, and .. salt and pерpе: ; ..thе potatoеs,and thеn сut thеm l:l:-. Thеsеvеgеtablеs tastеgrеatif you ............'....'... :a= .. somесhееSе, and sprinklеit оr-еl::е .. a lеmon and sprinklе thе julсе О.i] .].: .. thе riсе in saltеd watеr for tеn п-ilг.:;s CompIetеeaсhphrasewith a suitabIe word from thе box. baсon bisсuits buttеr сhips fork fl++ sauсег Йnegar 257
- 263. lNтERпnЕD!AтE LANGUAGЕ PRAстICE 4Complete thе phrasеwith a suitablеword from thе box. a) b) с) d) u '..l.Lkе''....... of bтеad or сakе a ..................... of сhoсolate a ..................... of jam a ..................... of tеa е) a ..................... of brеad f) a ..................... of watеr g) a ..................... of salt h) а .......... of milk 5 Мatсh eaсh desсriptionwith the name of a kind of food from the box. Grееn or purplе fruit whiсh grows in bunсhеs. qrаpe Small vеgetablеwith a strong smеll and tastе. с) Plant with largеgrеenlеavеsusеd in salads. d) Меat from a young shееp. е) Mеat, vеgеtablеsor fruit bakеd in pastry. 0 Small swееtfruit with rеd or yеllow skin, and a stonе in thе сеntrе. g) Solid food madе from milk. h) Piесеof pork or lamb with a bonе, сut from thе тibs of thе animal. 6 Completе еaсh sentenсе with a word from the box. a) Wе wеrеn,tsurеwhat to havе,so wе askеdfor thе '...',.!у|.e.!P!.....''. . b) Тony finished his mеal, paid thе ......., and lеft thе rеstaurant. с) Aftетtwo сoursеswе fеlt full, so wе didn,t havе any d) Wе had a vеry tasф Indian ....... for thе main сoursе. е) This is a populaт rеstaurantand you havе to .......a tablе. f) Thе sеrviсеwas еxсеllеnt so Wеlеft a largе .......on thе tablе. a) b) I t; 258
- 264. voCABUtARY 16 FooDAND DRlNк 7 Complete eaсh sentеnсеwith o or soП'e' or leavethe spaсeblank. a) b) с) d) е) fi s) h) I,d likе ,..g'..........'.... сhiсkеn,plеasе,a laгgеonе for roasting. Could I havе .. brеad,plеasе? Do wе havе timе for ..................... snaсkbеforеour bus lеavеs? Would you likе to сomе to ...'................. lunсh with mе on Thursday? Theте,s .. milk jug in thе сupboard nеar thе fгidgе. Gеorgеhas dесidеd to go on .. diеt, startingnеxt wееk. I,m going to havе .. сhееsеand tomatо sandwiсh. For brеakfastI еat .. toast and marmaladе,and dгink а glassof milk. Do you likе ..................... yoghurt?Pеrsonally, I сan,tstandit! Tim managed to еat .. сhiсkеn, but fеlt too ill to еat anythiпg еlsе. 8 Labelthe vegеtablesusing thе words from the box. 259
- 265. Undеr|ine thе сorreсtword in еaсh sentеnсе. a) Pеnny took thrее еxams and managеd to pсlss/suссееd them a|]'' b) Мost pеoplе would prеfеr a iob/work whiсh Was nеar homе. с) Тim had to leаrп/tеасhfifty сhildrеn how to swim. d) I сan,t сomе to thе сinеma tonight. ,m rеоding/studуiпgfor a tеst. е) Rita did vеry wеll, and was givеn maximum grаdes/mаrks' f) Еvеry Friday, thе building workеrs arе givеn theit sаlаrу/wаges. g) It,s hard rеading аloudДoudly whеn you don,t undеrstand thе words. h) Thе managеr told David to makе an appliсatioп/iпvitаtioп for thе job. i) Ann works in advеrtising and еаrпs/wiпs a vеtу high salary. i) Would you likе to сomе into my burеаu/offtсе?Wе сan talk thеrе. Completе eaсh sentеnсе with a word from the box. a) Bеforеhеr history еxam' Laurаlеaтnta list of datеsby ',.ha4rt.....'... b) Thе managеrwill bе with you in a momеnt. Hе,son thе с) I havеn,tspokеnSpanishfor agеsand I,m a bit out of ..................... . d) ЕvеrsinсеTim losthis job hе,sbееnout of ..................... . е) Bringingyour mobilеphonеto thе сlassis againstthе ..................... I t) This faсtoryisn,tvеrymodеrn.Мost of thе maсhinеsarеout of ..................... g) our maths tеaсhеris always latе. Hе,snеvеI on h) Мrs Smithisn,thеrеat thе momеnt.Shе,s awayon ............. Completeeaсhsentenсewith a word from the box. stand takе a) If you don,t know thе answеr,...|p.p.K......'... it up in thе baсk of thе book. b) Мy bosswouldn,t lеt mе .. timе off to go to a football matсh. с) Stoptalking,and ..................... on with your workl d) Gеorgеfinds it hard to ..up with thе rеstof thе maths сlass. е) Сarol stayеdin Franсеand managеdto ........... up thе languagе. f) If you spеakso fastI сan,t .. down what you'rе saying. g) Don,tforgеtto сhесkovеryour workbеforеyou ..................... it in. h) Мrs Wood is goingto ..................... in for your tеaсhеr whilе hе,saway. 260
- 266. voCABUtARY l7 WoRкAND sтUDY 4 Complete еaсh sentenсewith a word formеd from the word in bold. a) Nowadays it,s vеry important to get a good .....dш.ш.Yу....... ' еduсatе our сompany hеlps pеoplе to find nеw jobs. еmploy Paul has good idеas,but writesvery ........... сarе Helen has bесomea ................ businеsswoman. suссееd I hopе to lеavе sсhool with somе useful qualify Мr Dalе Wasmy for tеn years,and paid mе wеll. еmploy Aссording to thе , thе Frеnсh lеsson startsat tеn. time Cathy has thrее jоbs, so shе has a high сomе John,s of history is amazing for a boy of his agе. know All thе in this сompany aтеgivеn frееmеals. employ 5 Matсh eaсhsеntenсе(a-Dwith a sentenсe(1_10)whiсh hasa similarmeaning. a) Shewasgivеn thе saсk....,,7....' b) Shе got a risе. с) Shegot a promotion............ d) Shе rеtirеd. е) Shе did it for a living. f) Shе rеsigned. g) She was unemployed. h) Shе appliеdfor thе iob. ........... i) Shе was ambitious. i) Shеwas сonsсiеntious. ........... -1 l l l b) с) d) e) 0 s) h) D i) 1 Shе was givеn a bеttеrjob. 2 Shе answеrеdan advеrtisеmеnt. 3 Shе deсidеd to lеavе. 4 Shе did thе job сarefully. 5 Shе didn,t havе a job. 6 She earned hеr money that way. 7 She was dismissеd. 8 She wanted a bеttеrjob. 9 Shе was old and stoppеdwoгk. 10 She was given morе monеy' 26l
- 267. lNтERIUlЕDIAтЕ LANGuAGE PRAстIсE 6Deсidewhiсh answer (A, B, с or D) best fits еaсh spaсe. The wroпgаgefor school! Arе thе yеarsyou (1) ....P....at sсhool thе bеstyearsof your life? Pеrsonally,I found most (2) rathеrunintеrеsting. Wе had to sit at our (3)........... in silеnсеand (4) attеntion.Thе tеaсhеrsusеdto (5)........... on thе blaсkboardаnd (6) us diffiсultquеstions.Wе alsohad to (7)........... lots of homеwork, and (8) ........... it in on timе. Wе had to Wеar a sсhool (9) and wе had to obеy lots of (10) . I (11) sсhool as soon as I сould and startеd (12).'.'......'. I rеadbooksat thе publiс (13)........... , and latеrI dесidеdto (14) сollеgе.I rеally еnjoyеd studying bесausеI was oldеr and knеw that I wantеd somе (15) . Whеn I was at sсhool, I was iust the wrong agе! 1) Ago Bhavе 2) Alесturеs Blеssons 3) Aсhairs Bdеsks 4) Apaу Bmakе 5) Arеad Bsit 6) Amakе Bdo 7) Aanswеr Bdo 8) Awritе Bhand 9) Auniform Brobе 10) Aways Brulеs 11) Apassеd Bqualifiеd 12) Аiob B labour 1З) Abookshop Bshеlvеs 14) Ago Battеnd 15) Aqualifiсations Bеxaminations C pass D spеnd C thеm D сlass C posts D parts C hаve D follow С writе D talk C gеt D ask C takе D finish C pass D сomplеtе C drеss D сloth C laws D timе C еxaminеd D lеft С еmployее D work C library D univеrsit1 C study D follow C papеrs D gradеs 262
- 268. Underline the сorrесtword in еaсh sentenсe. a) Bеforе Wе sеt off, wе listеnеd to thе сIimаtе/wеаthеlforесast. b) Paula saw a flash of lightning/thunder and thеn hеard a dееp bоom. с) Thе traffiс had to s]oи-down bесausе of thе thiсk fog/vаpour. d) Thеrе won,t bе muсh rain. It,s only a short showеr/streаm. е) Spring is my favourlte seаson/tеrmof tlrе уеat f) Last summеr Was vеrv hot, and thеrе was a rca| heаtwаvе/tеmperаturе. g) Look at thosе сloudsl Тhете,s going to |эea blаst/storm. h) on a hot day in summег, I look forward to thе сhillу/сool еvеning. i) We werе сaught in thе rain and got dаmp/soаkеdto the skin. j) In thе morning thеге rтas half a mеtrе of iсe/sпowbloсking thе road. Choose the word whiсh best matсhes thе desсription. a) Largе whitе watеr bird и'ith a long nесk. b) Four lеggеd animal with horns, good at сlimbing. с) Sеa animal with a shеll and fir-е pаirs of lеgs' d) Insесt with largе bеautifully сolouгеd lr.ings' е) Small rеptilе with fouг lеgs and a long tail. f) Small flying insесt whiсh drinks blood fгom thе skin. g) Small long-еarеd animal that livеs in a holе. h) Animal with long lеgs and nесk and orangеr-skin. i) Еight-lеggеd сrеaturе whiсh сatсhеs insесts. j) Young animal whiсh barks, oftеn a pеt. duсk/qч19) goat/shееp сrab/frog bее/buttеrfly lizardlsnakе flylmosquito mousе/rabbit сamе1/g1гaffе bat/spidеr kittеn/puppy Completеeaсhsentеnсewith a word from the boх. bark berry blossorn brffi€h lеаf root thom tтunk a) Suеmanagеdto rеaсh tь" ,.,hrдnrh.... of a trееand сlimb up to thе window. b) I fеlt ill aftеrI atеa rеd..................... from a bushin thе woods. с) Thе wall was сraсkеdby thе .. oi a trееgrowing undеrnеath it. d) In the autumn,еvеry......... on thе tIееtuгnsyеllow and then falls off. е) Liz hurt hеrsеlfon a ...'....... whilе shеrvaspiсking somеrosеs. f) Thе .. of this tIеесan bе теmor'еdand usеd as a kind of papеr. g) In spring all thе applе trееsarе сovеrеdin lr-hitе h) An oak trее has a vеry broad .. , somеtimеstwo mеtrеsthiсk. z6З
- 269. 4 INтЕRlt,tЕDlAтЕ LANGUAGE PRAст!CЕ Choosethebestending (1-a)for eaсhsentenсе(a_h). a) In сitiеsthе air is hard to brеathеbесausеof сar'...f..... 1 Wastе b) Thе еarth,sсlimatеis сhangingbесausеof ........... 2 pollution с) Not having еnough of somеthingis сallеda .'......... 3 rесyсling d) Air, sеaand land сan suffеrfrom 4 gtobalwarmin5 е) Throwing things away unnесеssarilyis сallеd 5 rubbish f) A mixturе of smokе and fog is сallеd 6 еxhaustfumеs g) Things whiсh wе throw away arе сallеd 7 shortagе h) To avoid wastingthings Wесan usе ........... 8 smog Dесidеwhiсh answеr (A, B, с or D) bestfits еaсh spaсе. The threаtto theEпvironmeпt Nowadayspеoplе arеmorе awarеthat wildlifе all ovеr thе world is in (1)'...А..'. Мany (2).....,..'.. of animalsarеthrеatеnеd, and сould еasilybесomе(3)........... if wе do not makе an еffortto (a)........... thеm.Therеarеmany rеasonsfч this In somесasеs,animalsarе(5)........... for thеir fur or for othеrvaluablеpartsоt thеir bodiеs.Somеbirds,(6) asparrots,arесaught(7)....'......, and sold as pеts.For many animals and birds, thе problеm is that thеir habitat _ thе (8)........... whетеthеy livе _ is (9) . Мorе (10)........... is usеdfor farms' for housеsor industтy,and thеrе arе fеwеropеn (11) than thеrе onсе wеrе.Farmеrsusеpowеrfulсhеmiсalsto hеlp thеm grow bеttеr(12)........... , ьт.r: thеsесhеmiсalspollutе thе еnvironmеntand (13)...........wildlifе. Thе most suссеssfulanimals on earth _ human bеings _ will soon bе thе only onеs (14)........... , unlеssWесan (15)........... this problеm. 1) A dangеr 2) A marks 3) A disappеarеd 4) A harm 5) A huntеd 6) A likе 7) A livеly 8) A spot 9) A еxhausting 10) A еaгth 11) A spaсеs 12) A produсts 13) A spoil 74) ^ survivеd 15) д answеr B thrеat C problеm D vanishing B morе C spесiеs D forms B vanishеd C еmpty D еxtinсt B safе С protесt D sеrvе B сhasеd С gamе D еxtinсt B suсh C or D whеrе B alivе С for lifе D for living B point С plaсе D sitе B dеparting С еsсaping D disappеaring B land С soil D arеa B air С up D parts B fiеlds C hеrbs D сrops B harm С wound D wrong B ovеr C missing D lеft B сalсulatе C solvе D еxplain 264
- 270. -l voCABULARY l8 т}|ENAтURAt ЕNvlRoNlvlENт 6 Complete eaсh sentenсewith a pair of verbs from the box with opposite meanings. a) b) С) d) Pеoplе should bе еnсouraged' to ..'РI!.t.*t.''.....,.the environmеnt, rathеr T. than ...'4.%!trК.У......... it. Wе should tly to ...'..... disastеrshappеning, not just ....... thеm happеn. Еveryonе should try to ......... bеaсhes,and not thеm. It would bе a good idеa to .......morе treеs,not to ....... tlееs. е) We сan usеthings againif We ............. rathеrthan thеm. 7 Completе the sentenсeswith the pairs of words from the box. a) Еlderly pеople oftеn move away from tьe ...9!.Ц.. to livе in thе ....a.a.*|ЁrY.....'.. . I,vеoften walkеd ovеr thе ......., but I don,t like сlimbing A boat сan sail up a ........... , but a ....... is too small. If you go for a walk, stayon thе ............ . If you follow any of thе animal .......youmight gеtlost. Farmerstry to gеt rid of all thе ............ and inсrеasеthе quantiф of ....... thеy grow. I сomеfrom a littlе.......... . Thе nеarеst big .......................... is Bеdford. onе fiеldhasa woodеn.............. , the othеrhas a ......... made of bushes. In the middlе of thе ....... Wasa lovеly old ............ with a garden. b) с) d) е) 0 s) h) 265
- 271. 2 UnderIiпethе сorreсtword ineaсh sentenсe. a) In thе UK it,s a ,mobilе phonе,, but in thе US it,sa сellphoпe/pосkеt phone. b) In Britain most privatе сals run on gаs/petrolor diеsеl. с) Ann,s friеnds bought hеr an eleсtriс/elесtriсаI mixet for hеr birthday. d) Pеtетhad to push his bikе whеn hе got a flat фe/wheel. е) This сar has got a rеally powеrful eпgiпe/mасhinе. f) Whеn thе maсhinе is on, a littlе rcd light/torсh сomеs on. g) Thе noise of the workmеn banging in паils/sсrеwswas disturbing. h) Thе radiators will havе to bе fittеd bу a heаtеr/plumber' Matсh thе words from the box with the expIanations. a) b) с) d) е) 0 s) Usе this Usе this Usе this Usе this Usе this Usе this Usе this if you сan,t stay in to takеyour сalls. to makе сalls whеn you,rе out and about. to do your own drеssmaking. to gеt тid of dust and dirt. to takе a.snapshotfor your album. to dеalwith dirty сutlеry and сroсkеry. if you nееd sevеralpagеsall thе samе. уиасLtLуlэ 3 Complete eaсh phrasein itoticswitha verb from the box. a) I,m sorry I сan't talk nоw, but |,||...rLry..........bаckin half an hour. b) Thе poliсе think that a сar bomb was usеdto ....'.....'''. '...'..uP thе building. с) Thеsеtyrеs aIе stlong, and Won,t .. oиf for ages. d) Janе,sold сar usеd to .. dowпall thе timе. е) You carr......''.......''''.. in thе сomputеrto thе soсkеtby thе window. f) If you don,t pay thе еlесtriсitybill thеy will .. уou off. g) I think it,stimе to ..................... offthe tеlеvisionand go to bеd. h) Whеnеvеrthеrеis a thundеr storm,all thе lights ....'........'...'''. out' D It,snot nесеssalyto ....'....,'.', '.....'up thе enginеfirst,althoughit,sso сold. i) If you lеavеthе radio on all night thе battеrywill .....,...... '....'... out. 266
- 272. 4 Complеte thesentenсеsabout сomputегswith a word from the box. жL voсABUtARY l9 тoots AND тEсHNoLoGY Thе сomputеr storеslargeamounts of inforrnation оn its....h4!:d.'dkk'. . Whеn a programis гunning,it is using thе сomputеr,s............ A small piсturеthat rеprеsеnts a pгograrnis сallеdan .............. Thе flashing symbol that shows whеrе tеxt will appеaris thе ......... When you,vеfinishеdWliting tеxt you oftеnwant to .............. You сan сliсk thе lеft or right mousе organizations usе thе intеrnеt to providе informatiоn about thеrnsеlvеs_ thеy put thе information on thеir .......... You сonnесtthе сomputеrto thе intеrnеtvia a .......... Hold down the lеft mousе button and drag thе сursor aсrossany tеxt that you want to .............. a) b) с) d) е) 0 o' 6t h) i) 5 Replaсеthe group word in itolicsin eaсh sentenсewith an examp|еword fгom the box. a) Thе poliсе disсovеrеdlhе vehiсlemorе than twеnty milеs away. ....4Lr.......... b) My sistеrbought mе this gаdgetto сlеan my tееth as a prеsent. с) Thе buildеrs lеft thеir equipmeпt outsidе thе housе. d) Thе сost of thе kitсhеn inсludеs an elесtriсаl аppliапсe. e) This kitсhenuteпsilis lightwеight and non-stiсk. f) I had to uSе a tool to сut thе floorboards in half. g) onе of thе robbеrswas сarrying aweаpo|l' Нd- h) This iпstrumeпt is rathеr hеavy to сaшy. 267
- 273. lNтЕRпnЕDlAтE LANGUAGE PRAстlCE 6Comp|etеeaсh sentenсеwith a word from the box. .::]:]::::3.,*]'i:q'w I ll Lisa turnеd thе door .'.!3!I.у!4'L.Q..... , opеnеd thе door and еntеrеdthе room. My watсh stoppedworking bесausеthе ..................... had run out. Thе tеlеvision Won,twork in this тoom. as thеrе isn,t an еlесtriс d) Bill prеssеdthе light .. , but nonе of thе lights was working. е) To wind up this old сloсk you nееd a speсialkind of f) Мary put thе kеy in thе ............ but it wouldn,tturn. g) I,vеbought an еlесtriсkеttlе,but thе lеadhasn,tgot a ..................... on it. h) Thе еlесtriсbеll didn,t work bесausеthе .. had bееn сut. Matсh eaсh sentеnсewith the neсessaryobjесtfrom the box. a) b) с) 7 a) b) Thеrе is no air in еithеr of oI,LуVI,D Do you fanсy some tinnеd thеsеtyres. bеansfor lunсh? с) Thе grassin thе baсk gardеn is awfully long. d) Sam has bееn lеtting his bеard grow but now hе,sgoing to shavе. е) Whеn it,s long likе this you nеed moте than a towеl. Q I,vеgot to сut thе еnds off thе lеgs of my nеw iеans. 8) lo you think I,vegot a tеmpеraturе? h) It,s diffiсult to sее wild animals whеn thеy,rе so far away. i) Jеan was сomplеtеly lost, and nееdеdto know wherе north was. 268 |) You сan,t go out with all thosе сrеasеsin your shirt.
- 274. 2 Underlinе the сorreсtword in eaсh sеntenсе. a) I havе to do somе sеrving.Do r-ouhar'е а:i;i ';;..71.] b) You nееd spесia|glttе/stiсkеr lтhеn r-ou Пakе ]]l.с.' eеroрlanеs. с) I always сarry a саrviпgkпifе/pеtlklti|с in Illr LrrrСiсi, d) Paul kееps his papеIs togеthеr ш'ith a rtilbеr l..tl;,lrl,i.i.;r.i,:.i' е) Shееtsof papеr сan bе fastеnеdtogеthеI rvith а р,-tр,r .',i: z:ггt' f) I wrappеd up thе parсеl using brown papеr and rсlpсtГril:.;' g) Hеlеn took thе сuttеrs/sсissors and startеdtгimmin8 1аlr.. :l ..' h) oh bothеr! onе of my shirt bottoms/buttons has fa]lеn oit' i) As David was tying his shoelсlсе/shoеstring, it brokе. i) Littlе Susiе usually tiеs up hеr hair with a rеd ribbotl/strip. Matсh eaсh sentеnсе with the neсessary objесt from the box. diary notеpad diсtionary я€ti€е еnvеlopе сorrесtion fluid filе rulеr sharpenеr stamp a) b) It'simportant to lеt еvеryonеknow what timе the mееting starts. ..,,уи,t.+Qе.... Hang on a minutе, I,l1just writе down thosе dеtails. с) oh dеar,I,vеwrittеn my namе in thе Wrongplaсе. d) Writе down thе datе of thе nехt matсh so you don,t forgеt. е) I'vе writtеn my lеttеr but I,vе got nothing to put it in. f) I kееp losing thе shееts l wrotе my homеwork on. g) How long is this piесеof papеrеxaсtly? h) What a nuisanсе! My pеnсil has brokеn. D Мy lеttеr,s rеadyfor thе post.How muсh will it сost? j) I,m not rеally surе what this word mеans. 269
- 275. lNтЕRпnEDIAтЕ LANGUAGE PRAст!сE a)You сan .''.Иga.k b) It,s timе hang your сoat on tl:'efrreplаcebеhind thе door. с) I,vеbought a bеautlful you put the doormаton thе tablе? hookwith long lеavеsfor your room. d) Don,t forgеtto put all thе rubbish from thе kitсhеn into thе broom' е) Сathy pullеd baсk thе plаnt aг,dlookеd out at thе strееt. You сan swееpthе flooт with thе curtаinsin that сupboard. g) Мy mothеr insists that wе all wipе our feеton thе tаbleсloth. h) Somе logs wеrеblazing and сraсkling in thе dustbin. 4 CompIeteeaсh sentenсewith a word from the box. a) Мy hair is in an awful mеss.Havеyou got a ....aQЙ'.'..'....'.? b) Whеn I gеtup I put on my drеssing ....... and go downstairs. с) It,ssomеtimеsa shoсk to Sееyour own faсеin thе ............ d) Hеlеn alwayssitsat her drеssing ....... and brushеshеr hair. е) Whеn I,m in thе housе I takе off my shoеsand put on my 0 I want to сlеan my tееth but I сan,t find any g) Еvеrymorning at 6.30thе ............ сloсk goеsoff and I wakеup. h) You сan washyour hands hеrе,and thеrе,sa ................ bеhind thе door. I сan,t gеt to slееpunlеss I havе a rеally сomfortablе 3 Тhe words in itolicsare in thе wrong sentenсе.Find the сorreсtsentenсefor еaсh onе. for lunсh. Can 0 j) 270 You сan put your сoat in thе wardrobеon a сoat ...........
- 276. Matсh the wordsfrom thе box with the explanations. voсABUtARY 2o EvЕRYDAY oB,Eстs lamp post subwaу paYеmеnt qtr.еet sign hеdgе ..:,. ..:,, peeеs++iаа-тrssias .'.gatе o) b) d) f) ol 6/ h) This is a safе plaсе to go from onе sidе of thе stlееt to thе оtl.iеr podеstrLqw сra$Lnq This has a light at thе top in thе strееt. This is whеrе pеoplе walk in thе strееt. This is a kind of wall madе of a living plant. This сlosеs thе opеning in an outsidе wall. This is a linе of Stonеsbеtwееn thе footpath and thе road. This hеlps you know whеrе you Want to go. Тhis is a Way of сrossing undеr thе road. 277
- 277. a) UnderIine the сorrесtword in eaсh sentеnсе. a) Мrs Grant is a good еmployее/еЩp]Bуеt and pays hеr staff wеll. b) Еxсusе mе, but arе you the owеr/ownerof this bikе? с) Тom works in a loсal 8ala8е as a сar eпТiпеer/mесhапiс. d) I want to borrow Somе monеи so I,m sееing thе bank boss/mапаger. е) Littlе Jimmy has got a nеW profеssor/teасhеr at his primary sсhool. f) Hеlеn joinеd thе army as aл offiсer/offiсiаl, and is now a сaptain. g) Thе housе rеally nееdеd dесorating so I сallеd a pоiпtеr/wаIlpаper. h) Plеasе ask thе саsh/ссlshiеrfor a rесеipt. i) Havе you thought about gеtting a iob as a wаitеr/tаblеsеrvеr? j) I waitеd for my lеttеrs,but thе postеr/postmaп was latе as usual. Matсh a pеrson from the box with еaсh problem. сarpеntеr dеntist еlесtriсian guidе hairdrеssеr optiсian photographеr plumbеr vеt b) Тhе lawn is rеally long and thеrе arе WееdS еvеrywhеrе. .....i ::il.* 9!.Y2t......... I want to visit as muсh of thе old сity as possiblе in an aftеrnoorr. с) Thе taps don,t work, and thеrе is watеr all ovеr thе floor. d) I want to havе a spесial portrait madе foт my еightееnth birthday. е) onе of my fillings has сomе out, and I,vе got tеrriblе toothaсhе. ll I want to usе thе wood from thеse shеlvеs to makе a bookсasе. g t rhеn I turn on thе tеlеvision, all thе lights go off. h) I сan,t sее to rеad vеry wеll and I think I nееd glassеs. i) Bеnny hurt onе of his paws whеn I was taking him for a walk. 272 i) It,sfar too long at thе baсk and too сurly at thе front.
- 278. voсABULARY 21 PЕoPLE Completeеaсhsentеnсеwitha word from the box. еmployее guеst hоst supportеr tеam-mаtе a) Pеtеrhas justbесomе alan ,...l9,P'1Р'?,:^., or thе |ishingсlub. b) I startеd this businеss with my............. Dora,abouttеn yеarsago. с) I'vеgot a nеW .. to hеlp par.thе rеnt.Shеmor.еdin lastwееk. d) Wе providееvеry.......'. in thе hotе]rтithrтhatеr.еr hе oг shеnееds. е) At thе еnd of thе party,Bill thankеdhis.'.'................. and thеn lеft' 0 Any ..who wishеsto rтorkat rvееkеnds should sееthе managеr. g) I,vеbееn a/an ..of Нull Сity FС for as long as I сan rеmеmbеr. h) Mary Wasmy .. lastyеarin thе baskеtballtouгnamеnt. i) This iob is a lot for onе pегson, so wе think you nееd alan........... 4 Matсh eaсhword from the box with an explanation. a) Somеonеwho doеs not havе any сouragе. сawqrd b) Somеonеwho hatеsspеnding monеy and bесomеsriсh by kееping it. с) Somеonе who saYs that a bottlе is half full. d) Somеonе who is vеry wеll known in thе mеdia. е) Somеonе who is lovеd morе than any othеr. f) Somеonеwho has spесialknowlеdgе оr training. g) Somеonеwho doеs somеthing silly or mistakеn. h) Somеonе who has vеry grеat ability or spесial talеnt. i) Somеonеwho saysthat a bottlе is half еmpty. not tеll the truth. 27З
- 279. lNтЕR]vlЕDlAтE tANGUAGЕ PRACтIсE 5Complete eaсh sеntenсewith a group word from the box. a) Thе '..Qr.e.N.....'',.. of the ship сhееredasthе nеw сaptainсamеon board. b) Paulahas justjoinеdthе dramatiс..................... at sсhool. с) Thе hеad tеaсhеrthankеdthе ..................... for woтkingso hard. d) Тhеrе was a long .. of pеoplе waiting in thе post offiсе. е) A hugе .. had assеmblеdoutsidе thе prеsidеnt,spalaсе. f) Thе mеmbетsof thе .. play thе violin, thе piano and thе се1lo. g) A small .. of us Wеnt on a tтip to Romе lаst summеr. h) Whеn thе musiс stoppеd,thе ...............'..... applaudеdfoт tеn minutеs. i) Lastyеar Hеlеn was thе сaptain of the baskеtball j) Whеn thе play еnded all thе .. сamе on stagеand took a bow. 6 Complete eaсh senteпсewith a word formed from the word in bold. a) This сity has ovеr half a million inhabit b) Мargarethas dесidеdto havе a сarеelas a ............ pоlitiсs с) Еvеry ........in this сountry has thе right to votе. сity d) Еriс studiеd hard to bесomе a roсk guitar Aftеr thе стash,Carla was thе only survivе David's mother is a famous sсiеnсе g) At ninеtееn,Tony bесamеa profеssional сrimе h) I,vе alwayswantеd to bе a jazz musiс i) It,ll takе Katе yеarsto bесomе a law j) JaсkWasmy ........ in thе tеnnis matсh. opроsе е) f) 274
- 280. .l Тenses Prеsеnt simplе Ilуoulwelthеy likе. Doyou likе? You don,t likе. Prеsеnt сontinuous I am going. Shе/hе/itis going. Arе you going? I am not going. Shеisn,tgoing. Prеsent pеrfесt Ilуou/welthеy havе lеft. Havе thеy lеft? Thеy havеn,t lеft. Past сontinuous I/hе/shе/it was going. Was hе going? Shеwasn,tgoing. Past pеrfесt Ilуoul shelhе/itlwе/thеyhad lеft. Had hе lеft? Тhеy hadn,t lеft. Shе'hеit i1kеs. Doеsshеlikе? Hе doеsn'tilkе. Ъu/lте/thеr- arеgoing. Аm I going? Is shеgoing? You arеn,tgoing. Shе/hе/ithas lеft. Has shе lеft? Hе hasn,tlеft. You/wе/thеy Wеrеgoing. Wеrеyou going? You wеrеn,tgoing. Prеsеnt pеrfесt сontinuous Ilуottlwеlthеyhavе bееnwaiting. Shе/hе/ithas bееnwaiting. Havе you bееn waiting? Has shе bееn waiting? We havеn,t bееn waiting. Hе hasn,t bееn waiting. Past simplе 1 I/you/shеlhelitlwеlthеy startеd.(rеgular) Did you start? You didn't start. 2 Ilуolllshelhelitlwеlthеy wеnt. (irrеgular) Did you go? You didn't go. 275
- 281. lNтERIt,lED!AтЕ LANGUAGЕ PRAстlCЕ Futurеpеrfесt I/you/shе/hе/it/wе/thеy will Will thеy havе finishеd? Thеy won,t havе finished. 2 Reported Speeсh 'I alwaysdrink milk.' .I,mlеaving., ,I,llbе baсk soon.' .I,vеforgotten it., 'I took it.' ,I was rеading., ,I had lеft by thеn., 'I must go.' ,I сan hеlp., ,I would likе to hеlp., 3 Passive Tenses Aсtivе Hе hеlps. Hе is helping. Hе has hеlpеd. Hе hеlpеd. Hе was hеlping. He will hеlp. Hе will havе hеlpеd. 4 lnfinitives Pтеsеnt: Plеsеnt passivе: Past: Pastpassivе: 5 Partiсiples(-ingforms) Prеsеnt: Prеsеntpassivе: Past: Pastpassivе: Hе said (that) hе always drank milk. Shе said shе was lеaving. Hе said hе would bе baсk soon. Shе said shе had forgottеn it. Не said hе had takеn it. Shе said she had bееn теading. Hе said hе had lеft by thеn. Shе said shе had to go/must go. Hе said he сould hеlp. Shе said she would likе to hеlp. Passivе Hе is hеlpеd. Hе is bеing hеlped. Hе has bееn helpеd. Hе was hеlpеd. Hе was bеing hеlpеd. Hе will bе hеlpеd. Hе will havе bееn hеlpеd. to likе to bе likеd to havе likеd to havе bеen likеd liking bеing likеd having likеd having bееn likеd havе finishеd. 276
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- 283.
- 284. T Ability 18, 19 Adjесtivеs37 Advеrbs З7 Advising 24 After 32 Ago 4, З2 Аll З6 Аlthough 23 Апуoпe,аnуbodу,аnythiпg 45 Artiсlеs fа/ап,the,zero] 3З, 34, 35 As 22 As а result 22 Asking for information 24 Asking, agrеeing and refusing 24 Аt lаst З2 Bеаbleto |8,79 Bесаuse 22 Both З6 But 23 Bу З2 Сап |8 Саn,t 18 Cап,thаvе 19 Сapital lеtters 48 Сеrtainty 18, 19 Comparativеadiесtivеs 38 Comparative adverbs 38 Compound nouns 46 Сould 1.8 Сouldhауe |9 Countablе and unсountable 33 Dеspite 23 Didп,t пeеdto 1.9 Double possеssivе[аftieпdof|ohn,s]46 Eаch 36 Either,nеither36 Еither,or 47 Епough Nof +adjесtive+enough22 Not +enough+ rro.un 22 Eveп though 23 Еvеntuаllу 22 Every 36 Everyone,evеrybody, everythiпg45 Eхcept 47 Filst сonditional 13 For timе .1,6, з2 puгposе 21 For eхаmple.|7 Fтеquenсr'аdverbsЗ Funсtions 2.l у,ill,shаll,goittgto 9 Futurесontinuous 9 Futurе pегfесt 9 Futuге timе 8. 9 Going to 8 Hаd better 8 Hаd to 79 Hаvеsomethinу donе 77 Hаve to 18 Hopе 15 Howeуеr 23 If I wereyou 14 If oпIу |5 ffsentеnсes 13 In fасt 47 Iп orderto Z1 In spitеof 2З Iп theеnd 22, 32 Indirесtquеstions 28 Infinitivе of purpose 21 Iпsteаd47 Intеnsifiers |very,reаIIу, eхtrеmelfl 37 It and there 29 .[tsand It's 29 Lаter З2 Мaking offеts 24 Mапу and much З3 Mау 18 Mау hаve 19 Might 8 Might hаvе 19 Modals in сonditional sеntenсes 14 plеsеnt and futurе 18 past 19 NIust tB Must hаve L9 Needn,thауe L9 No 36 No-onе,nobodу,nothitlg 15 279
- 285. lNтERмEDlAтЕ LANGUAGE PRACтlсE Noneof 36 Not а 36 Nowаdауs З2 Obligation 18, 19 Offering 24 Оn theotherhаnd 23 Оn time 32 oпe 45 opinions and adviсе 18, 19 Оughtto 18 oughtto hаve |9 Passivеvoice 16, |7 Pastсontinuous 4 Past pетfесtsimplе 5 Pastsimple 4 Permission L8, 24 Phrasalvеrbs 39, 40 Plaсeand position 30 Plurals 33 Possеssivеad|eсtivеs |mу etс.] 46 Possеssivе apostrophе 46 Possessivе of 46 Рossеssivеpronouns fmiпe etc.] 46 Possibilityor unсertaintу |8,19 Prеpositions 30, 44 Plaсеand position 30 аt, to, in аbove,beloщ over,uпder in, out, iпside,on neхt to|пeаr,bу, beside oppositе Prеsеnt сontinuous 2, 3 Plеsеnt сontinuous futurе usе 8 Prеsеntpеrfeсt сontinuous 7 Prеsеntpегfeсt simple 6, 7 Presentsimple 2, 3 Present simplе timеtablе futurе 9 Pгomising 24 Punсtuation 48 Questions 27, 28 Reflexives [mуselfetc.] 45 Rеlativе сlauses 25, 26 Reply quеstions 28 Reportedspеесh 1'1,12 Rеporting verbs 12 Rеquesting 24 Sау,tell,speаk IL Sесondсonditional 13, 14 Shаll 9 Short answеrs 27 Should 1,8 Shouldhаve 19 Siпce reason 22 time 6, З2 So 22 So much,so mаnу' Sofеw,Solittle 22 Sothаt 2| So/suсh+ adjeсtive + [noun] thаt 22 Some З6 Somеone, somebodу, something 45 Spеlling 49, 50 Statеand aсtion vеrbs 3 Suggеsting 24 Supеrlativеadleсtivеs 38 Tag quеstions 28 Tеxt organizеrs 47 Thаt 25 Thereand it 29 There,theу,reand their 29 Third Conditional 14 Though 23 Timе 32 iп, oп, аt during Timе exprеssions 32 with past simple and past сontinuous with prеsеnt perfeсt simplе 6 Too+ adiective 22 Transitive and intransitivе vеrbs 16 Unless 13 Uпtil 32 Usedto 5 Vеrbs followed by infinitivе 42, 43 Verbsfollowеdbу -ing 42, 43 Vеrbs followеd by prеpositions 44 WhаtI wаnt'.. 26 Which 25 While and whereаs 23 While andwhen 4 Who 25 Whom 25 Whose 25 wilt I Wishеs 15 Wouldin funсtions 13, 24 Would |tepeatеdaсtions] 5 Yet 6' 2З 280
- 286. ln somе сasеsmolеthan onе answеris aссeptablе. Grammar1 1a)12b) е)8 0 i)s i) m) 14 n) 2a)2 b) е)B 0 Зa) 2 b) Grаmmar2 Т a) doуougo b) are you waiting с) doеsn,t know d) I'm having е) do you lеavе f) is happеning g) doyou know h) I,m haйng 2 a) doesSueliуe b) you knowJim с) arе you doing at the momеnt d) you sitting hеre е) we сhangе trains hеrе f) arе you Wеaring two pulloveтs З a) Nаomi апd Bill аren,t wаtсhiпg tеIеуisioп. b) Pеterdoеsn,t likе сhoсolatе сakе. с) I,m not using this penсil at thе momеnt. d) Thе сhildтеn aтеn,t having lunсh in thе kitсhеn. е) I don,t gеt up еaтly on Saturday. f) Еlеna isn,t writing a novеl. 4 a) Do уou likе b) doеs thе sun risе с) arе you rеading d) I'm having е) don,t wаtсh vidеos f) It's snowing g) arе you talking h) goеs i) Do you wеar j) Shе,sbuilding 5 a) writing i) using b) digging i) waiting с) taking k) washing d) dесiding l) riding е) swimming m) flying 1) having n) studying g) lying o) Soing h) reading с) I,m lеaving d) arеyou doing е) You,теbеing 0 I'm driving g) arе wе еating h) tastеs i) arеyou going j) I don,t undетstand 3 a) hаte b) arеyou going с) dо you wеar d) think е) doеsn,tusually sit f) are you looking at g) Doеs this bus stop h) am not taking Grammar 3 Тa)2 b)1 е)2 01 2 a) I doп,tbelieуe b) has 4a) 1 е)6 5 a) do уou usuаllу do b) oniy еats с) Do you know d) arе you staring е) Do you spеak f) is staying g) You,rе puttin8 h) Are thеy spеaking Grammar4 b) с) d) 0 ol o/ h) i) i) b) с) d) е) fl o) 6J h) a) b) с) d) a) е) 5 a) ъ'okeup, told b) и-asTaiting,alгived .] ц-аnted .hоsР d) и-asstud-ing,phonеd е) fоund' rгasloоking foг 0 was и-atсhing.arrir.ed g) wеnt out, was h-ing Ь t^ron+ lil r.n'' oэ+ Grammar 5 1 a) Whеn we hаd еrltotltпlсlt'l+'е 5сl[iп thеgаrdеп. b) Whilе I was |ookingfor mr. kеvs.l теmеmbеrеd I'd lеft thеm at homе. с) Anna usеd to play badminton whеn shе was at sсhool. d) When Тяot into bеd,l fе|l aslееpimmеdiatеly. е) Whеn l f,nallv/,dfinallt. found thе housе, I kлoсkеd at thе door. f) Aftеr Jill ga'vе1had-g1YедNiсk his books, shе wеnt homе. g) Мaria usеd to livе/livеd in Swеdеn whеn shе was a сhild. h) I usеd to gеt up еarly whеn I wеnt sailing. i) Thе Vikings sailеd to North Amетiсa a thousand yеars ago. j) Juliet was sulе shе,dsееn thе tall man bеforе. 2 a) wаs wаiting, пoticed,hаdп,t been wеnt, found, had stolеn mеt, thought, had sееn got off, was walking, rеalizеd,had 1eft had bought, didn,t havе said,hadn,t aттivеd had brokеn g) didn,t knolt wantеd h) had flои.n had stolen i) had bееn thought i) toоk p1aсе had done had takеn nееded plaсе usedto hсtуе would/usеd to rеad would/usеd to mееt didn,t usе to likе used to writе used to lir-е usеd to bе would/usеdtо с1еаi hаd tаkеtt didn.t usе didn.t har-еiе iаjn : usеdto рlar. с) | d)2 gz h)2 4 с)2 d)3 10 9tз h)l 6 k)7 r) 11 9 4 с) 5 d)1 7 ф 3 h)6 | с)2 d)3 b)7 С)2 d)5 08 c)+ h)3 rs -i wаs wоshing,raпg did you fееl got, rесеivеd went swimming bit, sсrеamеd sang, atе fеil, happеnеd was washing.up, brokе sее,missеd Wетеyou doing, phonеd I didп,t eпjoуthе Сoпсert. Did you еat all thе brеad? John spеnt a lot. I didn,t fеel wеll yеstетday Anna bought a сar. Did thеy win thе prizе? Paul spеaksGrееk. I didn,t pay all thе bills. whilе 0 ago Last wееk g) whеn when h) in at i) Whеn Whilе i) ago З b)l с)6 d) 2 t) 7 в) 8 h) b) d) fl a) b) d) е) fl a) b) с) d) е) fl o) бJ h) a) b) с) d) 5 4 287
- 287. lNтЕRlvtЕDlAтE tANGuAGЕ PRAстtсE е) 0 8) 6a) b) с) itсost. d) I fеlt muсh morе indеpеndеnt whеn I,d passеd my dliving test. е) Annе Wеnt on holiday whеn shе,d savеd еnough monеy. t) Whеn thе tеam had flnally won thе matсh, thеy тan round thе pitсh to сеlеbratе. Grammar 6 Grammar 7 I a) I,velivеd hеrе b) lеft с) hаs just stolеn d) I,vеdeсidеd е) I lost f) It,s startеd g) Wе,vе visitеd h) I,vеbееn standing i) has bееn i) Wе wеnt d)/ e) Тhе wеathеrforeсastsaysit,s dеflnitеly going to bе sunny tomorrow. Sorтy,I won't sееyou tomorrow. I havе to go to London. Byе for now. I,ll sеeyou latеr this еvеning. I'm goiпg to studу еnginееring in Frапсe. I,m going to havе a paftу nеxt Friday. Wе,rе going to the doсtoт,s, so wе сan,t сomе. Kеlly will probably gеt thе iob. Мartin,s wifе is going to havе anothеr baby. Sarah isn,t going to gеt malliеd yеt. I think it'll snow tomorrow. Тhе sсorе will bе 3_0. a) Hаve уou сut b) ,vе hаd с) has nеvеI sееn d) has stolеn е) havеn,t slеpt f) ,ve iust brokеn g) hasn't won h) Havе you evеI еatеn a) ,vebeеnmаrried b) ,vе bееn с) ,vе writtеn d) ,vе nеvеr eatеn е) ,ve lovеd f) ,vе brokеn a) sinсе е) yet h) So far b) always f) for i) often с) еvеr g) nеvеr j) alrеady d) iust a) ,vеllorkеd here b) haven,t bееn/,ve nеvет bееn с) Мy pеn has d) havе lеft е) ,vе iust sееn t) havеn,t f,nishеd g) you bееn h) ,vе lеft i) havеn,t spokеn i) Anna/shе wokеn gеt up wе,d missеd would/usеd to spend Иorcn I,d иlаshedапd got reаdу I wеnt out to mееtmу fтiепds. I knеw muсh morе about thе job whеn I,d visitеd thеir offiсеs. Whеn I,d lookеd at thе nеw drеss for agеs,I askеd how muсh lost, 'vejust lost work, ,ve dесidеd ,vе bееn, ,vе сomе Have you sееn, lеft had, сaught ,vе nеvеr еaten, ate hopе, ,vе сookеd havе takеn up rеaсhеd,werеn,t has had, ,sgonе Hаve уou seeп,,vebеeп Iookiпgforwаrd ,vе bееn studying, haven,t flnishеd 'vе bеen phoning, ,sgonе Havе you hеard, has тobbеd ,vе brokеn, has writtеn ,уebeeпliviпg here has gonе ,ve bеen 1eаrning havеn,t finished iust left havеn,t bееn havеn't еatеn/,vе nеvеI еatеn forgottеn f) tеaсhing g) yеt h) has i) praсtisin8 Ieсently j) taught Mу pеnfriendhаs bееnwriting to me for уeаrs. We started this сouтse thrее wееks ago. ,What havе you bееn doing all day?,.I,vеbееnWтitins 1еtters., d) Whеn did you arrivе in this сity? е) Havе you еver beеn to India? f) Paula hаs bееn sta)ringin a hotеl by thе sеa. g) I,vе bееn feеling ill foт thrее wееks/I fеlt ill thIее wееks ago. h) I,vеlivеd/I,vеbееn living in this сity sinсе I was born. i) I,vеbееn waiting hеrе for agеs.Whеrе havе you bееn? i) Tony has lеft his books on thе bus. Grammar 8 la) 2 е,2 Thе boat is turning ovеr! I think it's going to sink! b) с) 8) h) i) t) 3a) b) 0 o) d) е) 0 c) h) с) d) е) 4a) b) с) d) е,) r) 6/ h) 5a) b) с) d) е) 6a) b) с) h) 5a) b) с) * :t so sinсе bеen mеt is joiniпg/isgoiпg tojoiп won,t bе 's going to snow 'm going out ,rе going to knoсk will probably ridе is going to givе/is giving 'm going to go ,rе going to hit will probably win 'm hаviпg а pаrtу going to rain our tеam Will won,t bе is going to finish ,ll mееt you arе wе mеeting/going will visit/will сomе to visit I,m goiпg swimпing пeхt Sаturdаy.Would you like to сome? Grammar9 I a) wiII bе lуiпg b) rings с) Wе,11 bе moЙng d) doеs youт train lеavе е) you leavе f) will you bе working g) I,l1bе h) won,t stоp 2 a)5 tl)z c)7 d) 6 е)3 fla a)/ b) you grow С)/ d) you givе е) arrivеs, I,ll lеt l) bе using g) shе,ll havе lеft. h) I'll do it. a) ShаIIwepIау tеnпis? b) I,m going to study Arabiс in Сairo. I'll bе homе by midnight. I,ll meеt you latеr. Will you go to thе shops for mе? We won't makе too muсh noisе. Shall I hеlp you with thosе bags? We,ll сomе baсk lаtеr if you ]ikе/Shall wе сomе baсk later? ,l1havе finishеd mееt nеxt/again,I,l1phonе I сheсk thе spеlling lеt mе sharе hет wе have lеavе/go until I thе lеsson has finishеd you bе doing b)2 с)1 d)1 f)1 4 a) b) с) d) 0 o) o, h) D i) b) с) d) е) fl o 6/ h) с) d) е) fl o) h) 2a) b) с) d) е) 0 282 5a) b) с) d) е) 0 c) h) 4a)
- 288. Grammar 10 a) beforе b)sinсе с) all wееk d) yet е) As soon аs ) beeп 7) / 13) ,/ 2) / B) arе 14) bееn з) / 9) bееn |5) ,/ 4) havе 10) will 16) havе 5) had 11) shall 17) bе 6) / 12) havе a) ithаd stoppеdiпging b) [ hаvеn,t plаyеd it bеforе. с) When did Petе Writе to you last? d) Do you evеl go to thе сinеmа? е) I wеnt to thе bеaсh еvеry day. Grammar11 t a) SаIlуsаid thаt she,dlost Ircr kеуs. b) Сhris said/told mе that hе must lеave еarly. с) Мaria and Tony said thеv would sееus tomorro1t. d; Tom said,,I,mсoming to your party.' е) Suе said that shе,drlтittеn а lеtter to Lisa. f) Stevеtold us/saidthat hе was arriving at 8.00. g) .I,vеbought a nеrv bikе.' Pam told us. h) ,What,sthе mаtter?.Еllеn askеd. a) I've finished tr) I,ll bе baсk at 6.0o с) I,m going to go shopping d) I want to makе a phonе сall е) I'vе forgottеn my homеwork f) I havе to bе baсk by З.З0 g) I,ll lеt you know h) I,m going to bе latе a)3 b)5 с)2 d)1 e)4 4 a) told d) told/saying b) spokе, said е) told/tell с) said, told l) told/spokе 5 a) wouldп,t bе thеrebeсаuseshеtцаs hаviпg а pаrtу b) ,d lost thе map and (hе) didn,t know thе way. с) she flnishеd thе boоk, shе was going to watсh tеlеvision d) was doing somе homеwork but hе wouldn,t bе long е) ,d got up latе and (had) missеd thе bus Grammar12 I a) whether,wаs b) whеn, would с) iflwhethеr' had d) iflwhеthеr, took е) whеrе f) Iflwhеthеr, had 2 a) Аre уou hаviпg luпсh or goiпg out b) What did you do yеstеrday с) Do you oftеn go sаiling d) How many Gетman books have you rеаd 0 4a) Are you going to сhangе sсhoo]s Who do you sit next to in сlass if/whetherI wаs stауiпg therеаIl Summеr What .ploсIastinatе' mеant iflwhethеr I,d donе my homеwork whеn hеr biтthday was iflwhеther I,d rеmеmbеred to loсk thе door whу |'d turnеdoff thе tеlevision Mike promisеdSuehe would be аt her housеbefore8.00. GRAм]иAR ANsWЕRs b) Сhris invitеd Jеan to (go to) thе сinеma. с) Patsy advisеd Dave not to еat too muсh. d) Niсk suggestеdgoing for a walk. е) Carol apologizеd for brеaking thе window. Гl Bill offеrеd to do thе washing- up. .Чl Тina's mothеI сongratulatеdheт on passinghеr driving tеst. h. Рat теfusеdto opеn his mouth. GrammarI3 а b, с, dr Гt ol hl i) j) a) b) с) d) е) fl a) b) с) d) е) a) е) i) н: rc. ш-i// be iir'еd' lге'd sее takе.1t'е.llагri'е dоn.t hurn-' rtе'1lbе rгеге.rtоu]d bе аblе to don.t rтеаr'r-ou.lltЪеl studiеd.ттouid gеt had, ].dridе lеnd, I,Illеt had, l'd gir.е fаll iп, will gеt wеrе/ъ-as,,d go knеw, ,d tеll run, ,]1сatсh тains,'l1go/сould go had, 'd join would fl Would unlеss g) would would h) If Unlеss i) would Would j) unless 5 a) hаd, ,d be аble b) take, ,1lfееl с) atе, would livе d) bесamе, ,d buy е) lеavе, will givе f) folloщ ,ll сomе g) usеd, wouldn,t bе h) touсh, won't bitе i) leavе, ,ll givе i) ownеd, wouldn't visit Grammar14 -1,a) Whаt would уou do if уotthвd wings? [f I weте you, I,d lеaуе norт. How would you fееl if r-ou livеd on Мars? If I wеrе you, I,d bur' a bikе. What would vou do if r-ou rтеге riсh? What would vou 5a-ii Jim сamс with us? If I wеrе 1-ou,I'd takе thе bus. What rvould r-oudo if vou ownеd a robot? llсldpltoпеd' u'оttltlllаt'еsi-t'еtl took' might fееl hаd dгir-еn'lтouldn,t havе стashеd I think fs шу a) I usedto ide b) shall I с) Havе you sееn hеr d) havе you bееn woгking е) I haven,t finishеd f; I was washing g) arе you staring h) I,m haйng i) stops i) did you last go a) do уou do b) ran с) was sitting d) don't undеrstand e) теalizеd fl 'm studying g) was rеading h) know i) 'm staying i) did you do a) аrrived, Stеvehаd b) I hеlp с) do you usually d) has bееn playing е) I,1l f) was еating/having g) is staying h) havеn,t sееn i) you doing 1)с 2)^ 3)D 4)D 5)B 6)A 7)С 8)С e)D 10)B 11)B 12)D 13)A 14)с 15)A п8 ъ' { { р A fl & fi '$ * l f) nevет g) latеly/reсеntly h) at|Ilу i) for j) By thе timе 8 b)6 с)9 d)10 1 0 3 S) 4 h)z 'i)7 in 0 o) 8a) b) с) d) е) 0 Shе,splaying baskеtball. I,vе bееn Waiting herе for agеs! Hаve уou flnishedуеt? I,ll sееyou tomorrow! Did you havе a niсe timе? Do you know what I mеаn? Arе you сoming out for a drink latеr? Havе you beеn waiting long? e) 0 3a) b) с) d) е) b) с) d) е) 0 o) h) 2a) b) с) 28
- 289. lNтЕRlvlEDlAтE LANGUAGЕ PRAстIсE d)had сomе, would havе enioyеd е) I,d knоwn, would have sent f,1 hеlpеd, might bе g) had sсorеd, сould havе won h) worе, wouldn,t gеt 3 a) hаd lф eаrlу,wouldп,thауe missеd b) ,d bought morе milk, would havе had с) ,d takеn/,d rеmеmbеrеd to takе a map, wouldn't have got lost d) 'd gone to bеd, would havе wokеn up е) had madе a shopping list, wouldn't havе fol8otten to buy/would have rеmеmbетеd to buy f) ,d rеalizеd you wеrе tirеd, I wouldn,t havе askеd you to go g) had sai]еdaстossthе Aflantiс, wou]d hаvе rеaсhеd h) ,d turned lеft at the station, Wouldn,t havе losт Grammar l5 T a) hаdn,t sunbаthеd b) сould stay с) сould swim d) had е) сould sее 0 didn't sit g) had h) enioy i) сould i) r1l 2a)2 b)2 с) 7 d)2 е)1 D2 92 h)1 i)1 i)r 3 a) hаdbrought b) had bought с) Wеnt d) knеw е) had takеn f) hadn't bought g) had finishеd h) spokе/сould speak 4 (Suggеstеdanswеrs) a) Ihаdаsапdwiсh b) you havе a good с) ,d bееn hеrе/,d сome hеrе/ ,d visitеd it d) livеd e) danсеd/соuld danсе 5 a) hadn't wasted b) wеrеn't с) wеre d) сould е) had f) didn,t havе to g) hadn,t movеd h) wasn't Grammar16 е)- f) by the postman g) by the poliсе h) by somеonе a) Was quеstionеd b) is watсhеd с) will bе finishеd d) has bеen elесtеd е) is bеing теbuilt f) has bеen сlosed 8) is Wlittеn h) was stolen i) will bе mеt i) was won a) Mаnу pet dogsаrе lost еvеryуeаr, b) Thе injured man was takеn to hospital. с) A nеw bridgе is being built aсIoss the rivеI. d) All thе food at the party Was еatеn. e) Nothing will be deсidеd bеforе nеxt Saturday. f) Thе matсh is bеing pla}zеdon Friday evеning. g) Thе robbеr unloсkеd the door With a falsе key. h) This book was written by Sam's fathеr. 4 a) hаs beeпdisсoуered b) will bе opеnеd с) was paintеd by d) Wirl be аnnounсеd е) is bеing rеdесoratеd 0 havе beеn arrеstеd g) aге sold by h) is bеing built 5 a) The саsino hаs beеnсlosed. b) The matсh has bееn posфonеd. с) Еnglish is spokеn all ovеr thе world. d) Thе nеw swimming.pool has bеen opеnеd. e) This pulsе was lеft in thе сlassroom yеstеrday. f) Traffiс has bееn bannеd from thе сity сеntте. g) A new govеrnmеnt has bееn еleсtеd. h) Thе flat was brokеn into last week. Grammar17 1a) b) с) d) е) fl c) h) 0 i) 2a) b) с) d) сut taken sent sеrviсеd broken offeтеd wеrе you born rеpairеd was givеn was madе hаd his Waslent to mе by had onе of my tееth takеn was boтn paintеd. 4 a) is believed to be living b) is supposed to fall с) is expeсtеd to Win d) is thou8ht to be рlanning e) is said to bе making f) is rеportеd to disagrеe Grammar18 a) might f.) may not b) сan,t bе g) сan,t bе с) must bе h) must bе d) сould bе i) сould bе е) might 1.) сan,t сomе a) саn swim rеаllу b) might с) сan,t bе d) must work е) сan,t сomе f) might (bе ablе to) seеyou tomorrow sold a roсk сonсеIt tiсkеt his housе brokеn into WеIеyou was givеn this ring by my is bеing kеpt will bе sеnt I,m hаviпg mу саr serviced tomorrow. I had my bikе stolen yеstеrday. Wе had our house paintеd last УеaI, I'm having my tooth taken out tomorrowl I,vе iust had my hair сut. Wе,rе haЙng our new сalpеt f,ttеd tomoшow. Ann has just had hеr portrait youl teaсhеrсan,tсomе mustLlеveryhot сan I open mustbе s b)D с)s d)D s 0D s)s h)s D i)n Yououghtto sеeа deпtist. Wе don,t have to go to sсhool tomorrow. That сan,t bеJohn, bесausеhe,s in Paris. Ann сould/might/may bе at homе. You'd bеttеr WеaIa Warm сoat today. I may be latе. I don't think (that) you should/ought to go skiing. You саn,t lеave youт bikе herе. hауe fl had should g) сan,t must h) havе maylmight i) ablе must/should i) ought I think you,d bеttеr/you should takе moтe exетсise. Thе plane should land soon. е) 0 c) h) i) i) 3a) b) с) d) е) 0 8) 1a) b) с) d) 284 ф someone by a doсtor o 6/ h) i) i) 3a) e) i) 4a) b) с) d) е) 0 c) h) 5a) b) с) d) е) 6a) b)
- 290. г * с) You сan,tusе a diсtionary. d) That сan,t be Suе. Shе,sabroad. е) I may/might сomе to youl palty. f) You mustn,t drop littеr in thе stIееt. g) You don,t havе to Wait. h) You should stay/ought to stay in bеd today. Grammar 19 I a) must hаve iLropped b) сould/maylmight havе missеd с) сould/was able to d) should havе told е) didn,t have/nееd to f) сan,t havе takеn g) maylmight not havе h) nееdn,t have i) havе/nееd to buy j) shouldn't have a) hаvestudiedsо lаte b) you ablе to stop him с) havе to/nееd to work hard d) havе lost his way е) have hurt youтself f) havе told me g) hаvе еnioyеd it h) havе helpеd hеr i) not to have lеft/to havе stayеd j) havе donе it a) should hауe tоkeпаn umbrellа b) must havе lеft it on thе bus с) сouldn,t gеt through d) should have bought hеr a pIеsеnt е) сan,t еat/stand olangеs f) might havе forgottеn thе addrеss g) ought to have studiеd harder h) сould havе had fun Grammar 20 a) аsked b) had с) had d) said she didn,t Want mе to е) сan,t have stolеn 0 had g) you,d bеttеr h) would bе i) havе bееn |) wе,d rеmеmbетed 1) 3 7)З 13)3 2) if 8) must 14) was 3) thеy 9) havе 15) if 4) to 10) if 16) bееn 5) paint 11) сan 17) us 6) to 12) havе 18) 3 1)с 2)А 3)B 4)^ 5)D 6)D 7)B 8)с 9)A 10)с 11)D 1z)^ 13)с 14)B 15)D a) doп,thаve to е) must b) mustn,t 0 сould с) might havе g) had to d) havе to h) should 5 a) kпсw the апswer,I would lrclp уou b) you run fast, you,ll fееl tiтеd с) was arrеstеd by an off-duп' poliсewoman d) had lеft еarly, wе wouldn,t hаve missеdthe rrаin е) I hadn,t eatеn all thе lсе-сгеam f) tеll mе wherе thе bus station is g) is bеing built by thе loсa] сounсil h) wетeyou, I'd go to thе doсtor's i) was brokеn фv somеonеl with/using a hammеr i) Amy to buy somе milk 6 a) hаvе togo b) I wеrе с) my hair сut d) havе missеd e) was invеntеd f) havе forgottеn g) had h) must havе workеd i) was givеn i) neеdn't havе 7 a) hаving our house b) had his сaт с) hе,d d) wouldn't take e) tеll mе whеn f) unlеss g) wouldn,t havе h) сan,t have i) had to i) askеd 8 a) witteп b) сan,t с) whеrеthе train staгionWas. d) might havе bееn е) you havе to fl had to/must finish g) must havе opеnеd h) I wеrе tallеr! i) l have my сaI rеpairеd j) I,d sсrеam Grammar21 I a) Sothсlt b) to с) in ordеr to d) dтessеd,сould/would е) for f) сouldn,t/wouldn,t g) сan h) сould GRAмlvlAR ANsWЕRs 3 a) Iф work eаф, he сouldgo b) wаs rеbuilt, makе it с) gavеJaсk hеr phone numbеr, hе сould/would сall d) put on somе suntan oil, I don't/won't gеt е) hid thе plеsеnts,nobody rr.ould/сouldsее ft had thе palty in a large hall, pеoplе would/сould gr arrivеd еaгly,hе сould/would get hr сhangеd sеatsin thе сinеma, I сould sее i) somе sаndrтiсhеs,wouldn,t fеel hungщ' i) 1{oгеa iunnv hat, his friеnds rтould notiсе Grammar 22 ft so muсh gl in thе end h) so muсh il tall еnough i) so littlе lrt Т a) suclt b) so manr- с, too d) so fеw е) so 2a)so b) too с) muсh d) many е) еnough f) littlе 8) fеlт h) suсh i) so j) too k) so 2a) b) с) d) е) 0 I wеnt to the shopsfor someeggs. Niсola сamе hетe to havе a mееtingwith thе dirесtor. Wе wеnt on holiday for a теst. Mikе plays сhеss to rеlax. I opеnеd thе window for somе air. Cristinа wеnt shopping for somе nеw сlothеs. I Wеnt to a private sсhool to lеarn Еnglish. sam Went tо a speсialist for trеatmеnt. a) too b) as/bесause/sinсе с) so muсh d) so many е) so f) so fеw g) еnough h) so i) so little i) As/Sinсе/Bесause a) I stауedаt home апd hаd а rеst beсаuseI felt reаIlуtirеd. b) I didn,t usе that piесе of string, bесausе it wasn,t long еnough. с) It was suсh a diffiсult quеstion that I had to ask for hеlp. d) Thеrе WеIetoo fеw sеatsfor all thе guеsts. е) Thеrе Wеrе too many guеsts and not еnough sеats. 0 Wе сan,t put that box in thе сaт as thеrе,stoo littlе spaсе. g) I,vegot too littlе timе to do all my work. h) I,vеgot so muсh WoIk that I сan,t go out. i) Shе had so many сhildгеn that shе didn,t know what to do. ') Thе play was so good that thе audiеnсе сhеегеd. 5 a) Sorry,but I htlvеп,tgot аlottgll tirпe. b) Еriсa is not old еnough to drivе a сar' с) Paul has so manv fтiеndsthat hе,salwaysbusy. c) h) fld 285
- 291. INтЕRlutЕDlAтE tANGUAGЕ PRACтlсE Wehad too little timе to 8o sight-sеeing. It,s so hot that I сan,t think! Thеrе was so muсh snow that wе сouldn,t travеl. It was suсh a long way that wе deсidеd to drivе thеrе. As I'd run a long way, I fеlt еxhausted./I,d run suсh a long way that I felt еxhaustеd. slow to be iп thеrunniпgteаm' to thе housе, bесausе/asit,s not vеry faт. suсh a long film that we missеd our last bus. d) unhappy that shе сriеd. е) muсh monеy that he doеsn,t know what to do with it. f) old еnough to 8еt malriеd. g) еnough monеy to buy this bikе. h) enough platеs I,m afтaid. Grammar23 I a however b) Although с) Although d) on thе othег hand е) but f) dеspitе g) In spitе of h) although a) АIthough е) still b) but f) although с) Howеvеr g) Dеspitе d) еven h) spitе a) thesпow,we went out for а wаIk. b) some expеIts think priсes will fall, others disagrее. с) losing at half-time, Сity won in the еnd. d) it was hot, Diana worе hеr wintеr сlothеs. е) but/, howevеr, this summеr it,s rained all thе timе. f) haйng a hеadaсhе,/his hеadaсhе, James still read until latе. g) but/, howеvet, hе (still) did wеll in thе tеst. Grammar 24 I a) 4 b) 2 с)7 е)6 03 9g 05 i)в 2 a) Would уou mind b) If I wете you, I,d wтitе с) go d) Could you е) Would you likе f) I won't do it g) Shall I hеlp h) Why don't you go i) Сould I boтrow j) should go З a) I,il be bасk b) I,l1havе iсе-сrеam 286 с) I think you should talk it ovеr with youг palеnts. d) shall I сarry it? e) Нow about going to thе сinema?/Lеt,s go to thе сinеma?/Why don't wе 8o to thе сinеma? 0 Can I lеavе sсhool еaгly? g) Сould/Сan you tell mе how muсh it сosts? h) Would you likе somе lеmonadе? i) Could you opеn thе window? i) цo' I won,t. 4 a) уou miпd tаkiпg b) 'd ratheт havе/,d prеfеr с) сan you Wait d) Сan/Мay I lеavе е) you turn off f) How about going g) won't talk h) Shall I hеlp i) mind telling mе i) wетеyou, 5 a) should b) Сan/Сou1d/Would с) Can/Could/Would d) W.ill/Would е) Lеt,s l) mind g) rathеr h) Can/Could/Would i) Would i) саn/may Grammar25 I a) who е) that b) whose f) whosе с) who g) whosе d) whiсh 2a) b) с) d) 3a) е) 6 a) Fridаy.l''lаsthе lаst timе thаt I sаw Iim. b) Thе island that/whiсh we visited was еxtrеmеly bеautiful. с) Thе girl that/who I met Wasa friеnd of Philip's. d) Thе mеal that/whiсh we atе wasn,t vеry tasty. е) Gina was thе first person thаt/who I askеd. f) Thе book that/whiсh I read didn't еxplain thе problеm. g) Thе tеaсhel that/who wе usually havе was away ill. h) Thе friеnds that/who I mеt last night sеnd you theiг lovе. Grammar26 1a) b) с) d) е) 2a) е) 3a) цthich What who whosе that his ь) / с) it d) she it f) / g) thеy The museum thаt we wаnt to vЬit opensаt 12.00, Thе boy whosе bikе was takеn visitеd the poliсe station. The friend who mеt me at thе ailpolt сaтriеd my suitсasе. Thе mеal that Tom сookеd was dеliсious. Thе friеnd who is staying with me сomes from Paris. Thе man whosе wallеt I found gavе me a reward. The shop in thе сеntre that I go to is сhеaper./The shop that I go to in thе сеntrе is сheapеr. Тhе girl whosе party I wеnt to phonеd mе. I know somеone who likеs you. 4a)/ b) what с)/ d) what Grammar 27 I a) Whаt time do уou usuаlly get up? b) What wеrе you rеading? с) Arhydid you go therе? d) What havе you donе so faт? е) What do I have to do now? f) How did you fееl yеstетday? g) What arе you doing? h) Why have thе lights gonе out?/Why arеn,t thе lights working?/Why isn,t theте any еlесtriсity? i) WlrеIе did you lеavе your bikе?/Whеrе's your bikе? i) 'VhoЪ сoming to youl party? d) е) 0 8) h) 6a) b) с) f) that g) whosе h) who i) whiсh j) who b) с) d) е) 0 c) -whosе that whosе who D b)N N ON e) whose f) who g) who с)N d)D 9о e)/ f) what/who g) What h)/ h) i) d) 10 h)t 4 a) The bookfuсtt|ohп wаs reаdiпg wаs а bit fтфtening. b)/ с) In thе еnd, our holiday was the bеst that wе had evеr had. d) Thе dentist who I go to isn,t vеry еxpensivе. е) Thе film whiсh Wе saw last weеk was muсh betteI than this onе. D,/ 9"t 5 a) Thеseаre the bovsI-wentoп holidау with. b) This is the lеttет l,ve bееn waiting foт. с) That,s thе shop Suе bought hеr bikе fтom. d) That,s thе hotеl I stayеd at. е) Tim is someone I hardly еver writе to. t)/ g/ h) Unitеd wеrе the bеst team (that) wе playеd against.
- 292. 5a) b) с) d) е) 0 o) o/ h) i) i) 3a) b) с) d) e) 0 c) h) hауeп,t е) Ididn,t am f) I сan,t did g) I do will h) hе isn,t 2a) b) с) d) e) 0 ol h) 3a) b) с,) d) on to in ovеr tn on on in on in at in in 1a) b) с) d) е) 2a) b) с) d) е) 3a) b) с) d) е) 4a) b) с) d) 5a) b) с) d) 6a) b) с) d) Who lives neхt door? Who do you play with? Who tеaсhеs you maths?/What doеs Mrs Dawson tеaсh you? What do you (usuallY) eat for lunсh? What frightеns you? Whо do you talk to most? Who do you sit nеxt to in Еnglish? What helps you studY? Grammar28 1 a) I hаveп't f) thеy сan b) I do g) I won't с) I am h) shе hasn,t d) she didn't i) it is е) he has j) she didn't 2 a) Hаve we f) Is thете b) Don,t you g) Has shе с) Did shе h) Haven,t you d) Don,t you i) Isn't thегe е) Is hе i) Did you 3 a) аren,twe f don,t thеy b) have you g) do You с) aтen't you h) don,t you d) will you i) hasn't he е) isn,t he j) should I 4 a) Pаul doesn,tlike footbаll, doeshe? b) You,vе got a sister,havеn,t you? с) You havеn,t donе youт homеwork, have you? You sat nеxt to Еllеn, didn't you? Thе guests havеn't arrived, havе thеy? Your namе is John, isn,t it? Yout namе isn,t John, is it? I didn,t lеavе my wallet on thе dеsk, did I? William hasn,t got marriеd, has he? This book is by Мartin Aimless, isn't it? 5a) е) 6a) b) с) d) е) 0 c) h) Grammar29 I a) there e) b) It's f) с) thеy,те c) d) its h) thете, therе It',s thеiт its Thereis а smаIIrеstаurапt It,s stlange that you wеnt Thеre,s a big tlеe at thе еnd of my It seеms that Brian It,s really сold It,sa long way from hеre Thеre arеn't anylThеrе arе no battетiеsin youI It aрpeals that wе,Iе Grammar30 GRAпnмAR ANswERs Hаve уou everbeeпto Americо? Наs Andrсw еvеrbeen to Аmeriса? Dоеs Rita likе тap musiс? Do you likе rap musiс? Did you еnjoy the film? Did Nigеl еnioy thе fllm? Arе you going to London nеxt summer? Is Мaria goins to London nеxt summеr? Сan I borrow your mobile phonе? Could you lеnd me your mobilе phonе? i a) You'vegot b) won't they с) Lеt,s go d) ,теnot lеaving е) havеn,t thеy f) сan,t you g) You Werеn,t h) do you i) wеrеn,t thеy i) didn't forget 7 a) reаil а book whiсh she reаlly b) who visitеd mе brought me a с) that I stayеd in was сheapеr than d) friend whosе bikе I borтowеd wantеd it е) to buy thе vasе (that) I saw in thе fl who sings in the grouP has got 8) I mеt a girl whosе bтothет is in mv h) that wе'rе tаking lеavеs i) rt'ho knoсked аt thе dooт и/as sеШing j) whiсh I saw with Luke was a 1,) ,/ 7) shе 13) hе 2) vуho 8) thеm 14) at 3) to 9) muсh 15) ,/ 4) Тhеn 1o) you 16) it 5) so ll) ,/ 17) so 6) who 12) that Grammar32 1 a) oпeilаy b) Nowadays с) This morning d) by е) thе day after tomolrow fl During g) aftеrwaтds h) on 2 a) we hаd/hаd hаd luпсh, we weпt for а сoffee b) on timе for lеssons с) until 8.00 d) thтее months ago е) at 1.2.00 f) first ofJanuary g) day aftеr tomorrow h) for thrее Зa)on е)At b) ago f; nowadaYs с) latет 9 ln d) duтing h) aftеrwards цL on to in bеlow in in dL bylbeside 0in g) ovег h) on i) on i) in D/ 9on h)/ i) iп i) ovеr/thгough f) insidе 8) on h) out i) on j) at e) 0 c) h) iп e) next to f) to 8) insidе h) аt е) ovеr 0 near C) undеr h) opрositе nеaг on on on/ovеI оn on in oppositе insidе 4)a 8)a 12)b d) е, 0 c) h) r) j) whаt the timе is what this mеans how muсh this сosts what time the musеum opеns iflwhether I'm in the dght seat whеre Asham stIееt is iflwhеther this is Tlafalgar Squarе whеn this bus lеavеs Grammar3'l a) in ordеrto f) bесausе b) too g) Although с) they,re h) in d) whosе i) so е) for j) In spitе of a) but we ileсideil b) used to work с) suсh a d) thе rain е) about spеnding f) Thеre aгe g) don,t/won't fееl h) It,sstтangе i) еnough monеy j) you mind 3 1)B 2)С s)d 6)d e)d 10)b 13)d t4) a 4a)on 0 b) bеsidе c) с) to h) d)at 0 e) near i) 3)с 7) l) 11)с 15)с on at 2 b)2 c)z d)r 2 f)2 фТ h)2 2 a) There,It b) It, it с) It, thеIе d) It e) It f) Thеrе, it g) It, there, thеrе 287
- 293. lNтERIYlЕDlAтE LANGUAGЕ PRAстl(Е 4a) b) Igo to thesеаsidein Sumlnеr. I,vеbееn at this sсhool sinсе 1,997. Gеorgе had a bath and thеn washеd his hair. Dina was at my housе until 10.00./Dinadidn,t lеavе my house until 10.00. Thе train arrivеd on timе. I,l1arrivе bу 2.0О' Paul triеd hard but in thе еnd hе gavе up./he gavе up in the end. I wasn,t in timе to say goodbyе to Lisa. a)- b)a с) an, - d) a, an e) a,- f) -,- 8) -,a a) is ап b) ina с) Parking is d) Fabio is at e) to thе station on Grammar35 I a) the f) the, the b) thе' thе 8) a с) an, thе h) a d)An i) a е) thе, thе i) thе, thе a) plауs thepiапo b) hеlp thе с) bike is thе d) is/has an appointmеnt at thе е) was about thе lifе 0 was sсorеd by thе a) The, the, the е) the, thе, a b) thе, - 0 thе, a, thе с) a, thе g) A, a, a d) thе, thе h) thе, the Grammar34 and35 mixed I a) The, а, - f) _, thе, an, - b) _, thе, u g) -, the, a с) a, -, thе h) a, thе, thе d) thе, a, a i) thе, thе, thе е) Thе, thе, thе i) a, thе 2 a) Сould уou get а loаf ofbreаd fтom 3a) b) с) d) e) 0 c) h) 4a) b) с) d) е) 0 o) 5a) b) с) the bаker,s? Мilk is good for сhildтеn. John is at woтk at thе momеnt. We tтаvеllеd to Hungaтy by сaI. Havе you got a brothеr oI sistеl? Thе war bеtwееn thе two сountliеs was thе longest in history. Who was thе flrst astronaut who walkеd on thе moon? Тhе Nilе is thе longеstтivеrin thе world. Wе trаvеllеdthеrеoп thе trаin. This onе is thе largеst./Тhis is the largеstsizе. С]аra is a (profеssional) singет. Thе unеmployеd oftеn fееl dеprеssеd. Anna is learning to play thе guitar. Mikе works in an offiсе. Мarie сomеs from Franсе. David is still at work. Dаrrel wаs the you havе a dog at a сhemistry d) Thе prеsent (that/whiсh) my friеnds е) is the сapital of l) Тhе fiгstlеsson tomorгow is g) thе phonе for you h) Thе fllm (that/whiсh) wе saw last night 6a) b) с) d) е) 0 h) Grammar36 I a) пo d) Somе b) еaсh е) еithеr с) Not onе l) both tyrеs 2 a) пot onе d) all, еaсh b) no е) nonе с) A1l f) еithеr З a) Every dog iп thegаrdеп wаs bаrkiпg, b) Not a singlе pеrson сamе to thе mееting. с) None of my friеnds has got a сar d) Nеithеr of thеsесhaiтsis сomfortable. е) Thеrе wete no boys in thе сlass. f) A1l wе Want to do is listen to a fеw CDs. g) Both books arе intеrеsting. 4 a) Nonе ofthesе booksis/аre iпterеstiпg. b) All you havе left is tеn minutеs. с) Nеithет of thе hotеls was/wеrе suitablе. d) Not a single pеrson rеpliеd to my lеttеr. e) Both Рaul and his brothеr David arе ill. f) A1l of thе team playеd wеll. g) Еvеry housе in thе strееt Was sеarсhed фy thе poliсе). h) Somе of thе questions in the tеst wеrediffiсult/hard, Grammar37 I a) а lаrgeold grеепplаstiс bаg b) two square woodеn tablеs с) a bеautiful rеd silk dress d) a pair of antiquе silvеr iugs е) a small plastiс bowl f) a long winding сountry road g) somе dirty old football boots h) a long yеllow сotton skiтt i) a glass of сold frеshly squееzеd orangе iuiсе 2 a) boiliпg f) fantastiс b) gigantiс g) worriеd с) tirеd h) waтmеr d) сool i) borеd е) еxсiting i) interestеd с) d) е) fl o 6/ h) - 2The _ 2thе Тhе 2- Thе 2- _ 2l}:.е The 2- Thе 2_ _ Zthе 5 a) lаst b) During с) Aftеr d) foт е) onе/somе 0on g) afterwards h) at Grammar33 I a) How much е) muсl:r b) arе f) How many с) somе Ы a d) some h) was 2 a) ап е) manуl- b)aГ1a с) somе g) somе d) - h) aпуlmanу З a) give уou soпе аdviсe b) any сlean trousетs с) Тhеrе isn,t muсh d) nееds washing е) wasn,t in thе book a) somewood b) Thеrе was с) any d) a сhiсkеn е) was vеry usеful f) How many g) It,s grееn h) thеy,rе on thеir way i) noisе. a) IJаtеr b) nеws с) glasses d) luggagе е) еggs f) sсissors g) loaf h) poliсеoffiсеr/poliсеman/ poliсеwoman b) с) d) е) 0 c) h) 5a)1 b)2 с)2 d)7 е)1 02 ф2 h)2 Grammar34 I a) Hсweyou еvervisitеdthe Uпited Kiпgdom? b) on oш tlip, we visitеd Cantеrburv Сathеdral. с) Lovе is a wondеrfu|thing. d) Pets aIе not pеrmittеd in this hotеl. е) A rabbit is a small wild fuтry animal with long еars./Rаbbits aгеsmall wild furгy animаls with long еars. f) Nеw Yoтk is in thе Unitеd Statеs of Ameriсa' 288 А h)- o)а a i) a p)an a t) - s)- * k) thе r) - l)a s)a thе m) thе t) _ - n)a
- 294. 3 a) Theold couplelived hаppilу together. b) You,vе workеd hard. с) Сhris and Paul walk slowly. d) Georgia plays thе piano wеll. е) Suе danсеs graсеfully. f) Кatе isn,t wеll/doеsn,t fееl wеll. g) Мiсhaеl skatеswondеrfully. h) Мary wтitеs сaтеfully. i) Alеx slеpt badly. j) Ann сomplеtеd thе сoursе suссеssfully. 4 a) hаppу fl fast b) wеll g) quite с) hardly h) hard d) good i) tеrriblе е) ill i) еxtremely 5 a) Peterhаs beeпworkingуery hаrd, b) My sistеI bought mе a lovеl)r bluе woollеn swеatеf. с) This book I,m rеading is еxсеllеnt/eхtrеmеly good. d) David fеlt bad bесausе hе,d shouted at his mothеI. е) Еvеryonе in thе tеam playеd wеll. fl Too muсh еxerсisе сan make you feеl tirеd. s) Paulalеlt hanpv whеn hеr еxams wеrе ovel. h) Hans has nеvеr arrived latе at sсhоol. i) onе boxеr hit the othеr rеally hald right on thе сhin. i) t,rn not rеally intelestеd in this сar' Grammar38 1a) b) с) d) е) 0 o) h) i) i) 2a) b) с) d) е) 0 o ё/ h) i) 4 a) just аs, аs b) thе most с) moте/lеss,than, did d) morе е) than, thе 0 the lеast g) iust as, as h) lеss,than 5 a) biggest i) haгdег b) grеatеst |) - с) _ k) fittеI d)- 1) - е) _ m)- 0 fatter n) - g) smallеst o) widеr h)- 6 a) tаIk moreslowlу b) isn,t as fгightеning с) thе bеst сook d) as fast as е) lesseсonomiсal than f) morе еxсiting than g) as hard as h) is morе intеrеstеd i) is oldеr than i) morе than mе Grammar 39 GRAмrиAR ANsWЕRs 0 Wе сalled on my aunt on hеr birthdаy. 8) I,m afraid that we,vе run out of еggs. h) Мoniсa will сall for you at 6.30. i) Nobody understood what I was 8еtting at. i) I сan,t put up with so muсh air pollution. Grammar 40 I a) у'сLsll е) try b) look f) flll с) sеt g) turned d) сal1ed h) droppеd 2 a) Tum the lights off wheпуou leаvе theschool. b) Jaсk tulnеd up half-way thгough thе lеsson. h) 3a) е) Wе сan put you up foт a wееk. Мarta is gеtting on wеll in hеr Еnglish сlass. Lidia grеw up in Uruguay. How do you tum on thе сomputеr/turn thе сomputеI on? Caтol lookеd up the datеs/ looked thе dates up in an еnсyсlopedia. Suтflng is a gIeat sport. Whеn did you takе it up? rl с) d) e) 0 o 6/ 1a) е) 2a) b) с) d) е) 0 5a) b) 3 b)5 с)8 d)1 4 t)2 96 h)7 at g) up for h) on to i) up down i) up over k) to foт l) out с)1 фт е) bеst 0 foт o) no h) is 2 )d 2)a 3)с 4)a 5)d 6)d 7)b 8)с 9)b i0)a 11)b 12)d ljt с 1+)b 15)с d)6 h)З 3 b)8 4 f) s Grammar 41 Т a) bettеr b) еaсh с) hard d) somе tnan i) thе worst 3 a) аs good а runпerаs Dаvid (is) b) tallest (pеrson)in thе сlass с) morе than mе/than I havе d) longеr than Janе,s (hair) е) noisiеst studеnt in thе sсhool 0 as intетesting as this one (is) g) go fastеr than this/go any fastеr h) еat as muсh as Andrеw (did) a) didn't live uP to b) drop in on с) run out of d) gеt on with e) сaught up with f) looking forward to g) kееp up with h) сut down on a) Biап tаkesаfterhis mother. b) Wе,ve lun out of food! с) Мike and Tom don,t gеt on wе]] With еaсh othеI. d) Jеan is vеry good аt dеaling with peoplе. е) The handlеbars on my bikе nеed sееingto. f; Julia was vеIy ill, but shе,sgot over it now What ехaсtly aIе you sеtting at? Paul,s nеw sсhool didn,t livе up to his expесtations. The сentrаIheаtiпgsуstemneеds seеiп{to. Lеt,s drop in on Julia whilе wе'rе hеre. Wе,rе hеading for Рaris. our hotеl room looks out onto/ovеr thе main road! Two сhildтen started playing, and thеn thе othеrs ioinеd in. of tltеsе until smoking is allowеd somе adriсе as long as srnсе сlassтoom on foot anv fuгthеr in timе I сtltlput you up. Сarlos сan,t put up with the tтaffiс any morе. Pеtеr is gеtting on wеll at univеIsity. I,ll сlеar up thе room if you do thе washing up. Wе,rе heading for Мadrid. Why don't you look uP this woтd/look this woтd up in thе diсtionafy? Janе takеsaftеr hет fathеr. Кеlly,sfathеr is trying to givе up smoking. aS tаstуаS the most intеIеstin8 oldеst than wolsе tallеst as hard as WoIsе longеr than morе quietly the loпgest lеss еntегtaining fastеr than the hottеst bеttеf than iust as tall as morе diffiсult as largе as not as bi8 as/iust as big as/biggеr 3a) b) с) dl f) ol h) i) ll 1al b) 8) h) с) d) е) с,) d) 0 c) h) 289
- 295. I I I lNтЕRlt,lEDlAтE LANGUAGЕ PRAстlCE s1) Ll 3) 4) s) 6) 6a) b) с) d) е) 7a) DJ с) d) е) 0 8a) b) с) d) 9a) b) с) 7) B) g) 10) 11) r2) 0 o) 6l h) i) l) аsiпglе no сhееsе riсh arе bеautifully thе worst film until пuch, thсttt е) all, both thе, than f,) as, as thе, а 8) until, by somе,muсh h) bеst' еvel I,m reаIIуilltетestеd iп trауel. Katе,sbrothег is a doсtoг. I atе somе food rvith Jaсk, and aftеIthat I wеnt homе. Мilk is good fоr 1.оu. Сan you givе mе somе adr'iсе? I,vеlookеd in thе boх. Еvеrything is brokеn, I'm afтaid. Thеy will havе flnishеd thе nеw hospital ф the еnd of Мay./Thеy won,t havе finished thе nеw hospital until thе еnd of Мay. h) Тhеrе,s a poliсе offiсеr/ poliсеman/poliсеwoman Waitin8 outsidе. i) I сomе to сlаsson foot. i) Your hair is vеry bеautiful. Grammar 42 T a) |im соn,t аfford togo to the сinеmа twiсеа week. David wishеs to lеavе thе room l,d rеаllylikе to go swimming on Saturdаy. Еmma prеtеndеd to lеavе, but Waitеdoutsidе. Мy bike seems to have somеthing wrong with it' Thе dirесtor rеfusеd to answеI Hеlеn,sphonе сall. a) lovеs f) сontinuеd b) affoтd g) bеar с) happеn h) offеrеd d) eхpесtеd i) prеtended е) lеarned i) prеfеrs a) to let mе lеаveеаrlу b) singing/to sing for an hour without stopping с) (that) you,vе passеd the еxam d) to do well/that hе'll do wеll е) to do for thе summеr f; сlеаring up my loom g) to go to thе сinеma with mе h) to gеt marriеd i) to sееyou latеr i) to do this еvening a) seems t) refusеd b) hatе g) сhosе с) want h) likе d) askеd i) dесidеd е) hopеs i) agreed a) Whаt do уou iпteпd to do? b) I сan,t beal gеtting up еarly! с) I ехpeсt to sеeyou in thе moтning. d) Susanpтomisеd to bе baсk at 6.00. е) Pat lеаrnеd to drivе whеn hе was youn8. f) I offеrеd to hеlp Joе. g) Еllеn сouldn,t afford the tiсket. h) Tom rеfusеd to hеlp. Grammar43 I a) to loсk е) to opеn b) to havе f) to takе с) talking g) sky-diving d) bеing h) starting 2 a) уou fапсу b) (that)hе,d с) I suggеst/How about d) kееpsinteruptin8 еl Do/Would you mind fl Imaginebеing g) dеniеd wтitin8 ht сan,thеlp 4 a) Diсk wаs boredwith his work. b) Тhis town rеminds me of Glasgow. с) Sara knows a lot about biology. d) I,m looking for thе art gallетy. е) I,m fond of сrеam сakes' f) Suе is marriеd to Adrian. g) Dina is kind to animals. h) Ugh! This сakе tastеs of тubbет! i) Lisa is jеalous of you! j) I fееl еxсitеd about our nеw housе! 5 a) ,m апgry with b) rеady с) good at d) fеlt upsеt about е) dreamеd about f,1 rеly on g) bikе toJaсk h) afraid of 6 a) eхplаiп, to b) bеlongеd to с) dеpеnds on d) paid for е) apologized, for f) rеmind, of g) suссееdеdin h) wait for 7a)4 e)7 d)2 Grammar45 a) опуone f) Somеonе b) аnything g) anything с) nothing h) No onе d) somеonе i) anywhеrе е) anything j) somеwhеrе a) do аnуthiпg b) knows Мary bеttеr than I do с) was latе yеsterday d) nothing/no work е) ask you somеthing f) hеrе dтinks g) rеpliеd whеn I phonеd/answеrеd the phonе h) someonе going to drivе us thеrе i) I go I make friеnds j) сallеdfor you this morning a) enjoy уourselves b) behave ouтsеlvеs с) hurt mysеlf d) exprеss hеrsеlf е) introduсе mysеlf f) blame youтsеlf g) talk, mysеlf h) сut himself a) There,ssomеthiпgiп theboх. b) Еvеryonе was danсing. с) Somеthing has annoyеd/is annoying mе. d) Thеrе,s nothing to еat./Wе,vе got nothing to еat. е) Thеrе,s no onе in thе offiсе. f) Еvеrybody likеs Julia. g) You сan havе anything you likе./Anything you like you сan havе. h) Nowhеrе is bеttеr than homе. the it was thе in" foт ago 13) aftеr muсh 14) aftеr thе 15) up morе 16) onсе onе 17) thе ,/ 78) ,/ _ k) thе lot 1) thе muсh m) thе thе n) a an o) еithет b)6 с)5 01 c)3 d) е) t' o) З a1 сltosе e) b) affoтd fl с) mind 8) d) mеant h) 4a)try е) Ь) nтetenrlрrl fl с) еxpесt 8) d) mеant h) 5 a) forget е) b) mеans f) с) admit c) d) stop h) deniеd admittеd dесided fanсy dеnied рraсtisе ima8inе rеfusеd kеpt triеd rеmеmbеr stand/bеaт b) с) d) fl o h) Grammar44 I a) ftom e) about b) to f) for с) for 8) on d) to 2 a) lаughs аt b) suссееds in с) apoiogizеsfor d) depеnds on е) knows about f) bеlongs to g) тeminds, of 3 a) right аbоut b) good at с) famous for d) intеrеstеd in е) annoyеd with f) kind to g) fтightеnеd of 290
- 296. a) Everybodу/Eуeryone b) somеthing с)Somеthing d) somеonе/somеbody е) thеmselvеs 0 One g) Еvет1.thing h) Nothing i) yoursеlf j) mysеlf a) Someoпеspoketo mе, but I саfl,t remеmbertheir паme. b) ЕveЦrthing in thе gardеn has bееn growing a lot latеly. с) Сaтol didn,t do an)zthing/did nothing yesterdaY. d) Theте isn,t an}zonе/Thеrе'sno onе Waiting for you. е) Pеtе and Katе еnjoyеd thеmsеlvеs at thе party. f,1 You fill in an appliсation form, and thеn you wait for an answеr./Onеfills in an appliсation form, and thеn onе walts for an answеr' g) Wе nеed to do thе shopping. Thеrе isn,t аngth]ng in thе fridgе. Grammar46 1 a) hers е) thеirs h) my b) hеr own f) youl i) our с) yours g) his i) its d) minе 2 a) Tell Мoпicа it,sЕIenа,sturtl, пot hers. b) Aliсе,s youngеI brothеr's сallеd Bill. с) Tim,s sandwiсhеs Wеrе tastiеI than ours. d) Thе fllm,s bеginning is good but its еnding is wеak. е) Aте thеsе kеys yours or hеrs? fl Barbaтafllls in the patients, lесord сards at thе doсtoI's. g) Whеn it,s laining, еvеrybody,s Iainсoats gеt Wеt. h) The managеl,s assistant rеads all the сustomers,lеttеrs. i) Your sistеr,sdog runs fastеr than ours. j) onе,s our tеaсhеr,sсar and thе othеr,s a visitor's. З a) footbаll boot,сhееsesапdwiсh b) shop windoщ сoat poсket с) gardеn gate,biсyсlе light d) dеpartment storе, сountly сotta8e е) flrе еnginе, roсk singer 0 post offiсе, pеnсil shalpеnеr g) football ground, sсhool rеpoтt h) shop assistant, railwaY station 4 a) mу sister,s b) arе Sam,s с) friеnd of minе d) my favouтitеtеlеЙsion е) are your tеaсhеrs, a tin opеnеr arе our nеighbours, on thе kitсhеn Thеreаre two bus Stopsneаr пy house. ouт сat slееpsall day in its bеd. Have you mеt Janе's sistеI? СIеatulеs likе thеsе live at thе bottom of thе sеa. This book is minе. Тhosе arе two friеnds of my fathеr,s. Еvеrybody,s dтawings werе bеttef than ouls. Are thеse glovеs yours or minе?/Arе thesе your glovеs or mine? Thе housе stands on its own at thе еnd of thе strееt. I notiсеd thеsе shoеs in a shop window. Grammar 47 I a) iпsteаdof е) еxсеpt b) еithеr f) sinсе с) also g) both d) suсh as h) yеt 2 a) Dеbrа уisitеd the соstleапd the musеum,too. b) Еvеryonе was on timе ехсеpt Jill. с) I said it was laining but, in faсt, it isn't! d) Кarеn сouldn,t play tеnnis, sinсе shе,d huтt hеr lеg. е) In my йеw, smoking is bad for you. 0 I atе thе сhoсolatе сakе as lгеll as the applе piе. g) Daniеl playеd in goal instеad of his bтothет' h) In сonсlusion, I,d likе to thank thе hеad tеaсhеI,Ann Colеs. 1)с 2)b З)a 4)d 5)d 6)с 7)b 8)d 9)a 10)b a) ехсept е) instеad b) as well as this 0 aсtuall-Y с) Pеrsonally g) suсh as d) both h) еithеr d)7 h)2 Grammar48 GRAM]v|AR ANsWЕRs 0 Julia's reading 'A Portrait of a Ladу, bу Hеnry Jamеs. 3 a) ,Firstof аll, who is goiпg to cаrry thesuitсаsе?,аskеdEmilie. b) Кatе said shе,dbе on timе, but I didn,t bеliеvе hеr. с) Jamеs said that hе,d missed the tтain, 8ot lost, and bеen arrеstеd. d) rhеn thе bеll lang, our teaсhеI stood up and said, 'StoP writing, plеasе., е) ,on thе othеr hand, wе сould go tо thе сinеma, сouldn,t wе?, said Dar-id. 0 'Good morning,' said Tina. 'How do r.oufееItоdav?' g) If I lvеrеr'ou, I,d ask fоr somе hеlp, oг pегhapsstalt a8a1n. h) Thе old stadium lr.as еventually dеmolishеd:r'егr'fе.rv pеoplе wеnt thеге.and it rтasbесoming dangегous. Grammar 49 I a) dесidittg g) thеil b) swimming ht bеautiful с) photо il rесеipt d) quеstion ir bеginning е) / kl psYсhiatrist f) knort.n ll suссеssful 2 a) phonе, rесеil'е,I b) и.histlе,fiеld с) suссеssfullr-.phr.siсs d) knоrт, knifе е) thiеf' lеаring Г) quеstion. listеning g) bе8inning' -1е1V h) сo]umns.bеautlfullr. 3 31 6611Гrollill5-gl upsеtting br thiсkеning ht hooking сi gгipping i) w-riting dr сhoosing it improvtng е. fl}-ing k) swimming f r mаking 1) riding .l Dеaт Bескr'-, I.m soгrr.that I havеn,tW[ittеn to .l-оuioт so long. I,m afraid I,vеbееn r-еп'busv at sсhool, and I haven,t had muсh timе fol Writing lеttетs. Lаst lтееk I flnishеd my ехaminаtions, so now I,m 8etting rеаdy to go on holiday. l lтas wondеring whеthет you would likе to сomе to stay foI a few days? You сan mееt my fтiеnds, and wе сould all go swimming. Thе Wеather is геally good now herе in ltaly, and I,m suтеyou will еnioy youlself. Bеstwishes, Silvia 5 a) tomorrow b) Wеdnеsday с) advеrtisеmеnt d) neighbour е) through l) gratеful g) nесеssary 0 o) h) 5a) b) с) d) е) r) 8) h) i) 1) 5a)5 b)9 с)3 е)1 04 g)10 i)8 Dв 1a) е) 2a) b) с) d) е) l b)2 с)z d)2 3 01 We,remeetiпgUnсIeDаvid on Tuesdауеveпingri eight. Last Fеbruary I mеt Мтs Wilkinson for thе f,rst timе. Tim lives in thе south of Franсе nеaт Сannеs. Wе saw a grеat film at thе ABС сallеd ,Thе Rеmains of thе Day,. Wе wеnt to а palty at МIs Harrisons, housе on Nеw Yеar,s Еve. 291
- 297. lNтERмEDlAтЕ tANGUAGE PRAстIсЕ h)disappointеd i) wеathеr/whеther j) remеmbеr k) library 1) answеr 6 a) deBt i) autumд b) еxhibition k) answеr с) hiф l) dauфtеr d) lnifе m) half е) lamb n) light f) psyсhologist o) salmon g) rесефt p) wholе h) what q) would i) yaсht r) writing Grammar50 Grammar51 I a) hers e) anlthing b) to hеlp f) spеnding с)in фat d) as h) anything 2 I)b 2)d 3)d 4)a 5)с 6)b 7)a s)d 9)с 10)b 11)b 2)d 13)a 14)c 15)с 3 a) eхcеpt|eff b) onе knows с) thе twins, d) rеfusеd to сaшy е) rеly on f) a friеnd of 8) bеgan/startеdsnowing h) сlosing 4 1) ,/ 7) bееn 13) thеy 2) thаt 8) got 4) / 3) takе 9) / 15) havе 4) mе 10) for 16) with 5) it 11) oт 17) it 6) for 12) ft 5 a) for b) hеr с) of d) no onе/nobody е) begun/started f) hетs g) sееmed h) with i) forgotten i) еvеn k) somеthing l) Еitheг m) kept n) saw o) Somеone 6 Dear Daйd, It was grеat to hеar from you аftеr so long. I еnioyеd hеaring all your nеws. ] didn,t rеalizеthat you'd spеnt a yеar abroad. You must havе had a rеally good timе in Glеeсе. I,vе dесidеd to 8o thеIe nеxt summеr. Pетhapswе сould go togеthеr. I'vе had a fantastiсyеar at сollеgе. The work is hardет than the woтk we did at sсhool, but it,s moтe intеIеsting. I,m studying Business Administration and ComDutеr Sсiеnсеat thе momеnt. I;vеаlso made lots of nеw fтiеnds. I,m thinking оf сoming to Bristol for a fеw days to visit my sistеr.Would you likе to mееt? You сould show mе the sights and we сould talk about our old sсhooldаys. Why don,t you givе mе a ring and we сould disсuss it' It would bе wondеrful to sееyou again. Bestwishеs, Е1lеn a)4 b)1 с)9 е)7 D2 фв i)8 a) Stаre f) quitе b) pтaсtise g) aloud с) thorough h) too d) adЙсе i) lattеr е) farе i) loosе a)3 b)_ с)3 е)3 03 8)- D _ i) з k)3 m)- n) - o) - 4 Dеaт Silvia, Thanks for your lеttеr and your invitation to Italyl I,vе nеvеr travеllеd аbroad bеforе, and I,m rеally looking forward to staying with you and your family. I,vе spokеn to my parеnts and they,vе agreеd.They say thеy,rе golng to phone soon to disсuss thе allangеmеnts. I,vе dесided to havе somе Italian lеssons so that I сan praсtisе whеn ] сome to Italy. I,d likе you to WIitе somе simple sеntеnсes for me. Plеasе note my new addrеss.We movеd last weеk and now I,vе got a muсh biggеr bedroom. Bеst wishеs, Bесky a) vеgetаble g) intеIesting b) languagе h) bisсuit с) queue i) сеiling d) rесеivе i) differеnt e) peoplе k) knowlеdgе f) bеautiful l) indеpеndent a) eфt h) nonе b) bеan i) piесе с) сheсk i) pair d) flowет k) wтitе е) wholе l) rows f) musсlе m) so g) know n) stair d)3 h)s d)- h)З t 7a) b) с) d) е) Iпsteаd of evетy singlе in faсt In сonсlusion of my, minе as well yours hеrsеlf on, in еven 0 c) h) i) 1) 292
- 298. Voсabulary2 Т a) uпiпtеrеstiпg b)disadvantagе с) unfortunately d) impatiеnt е) disappеars f) unеmployеd g) disagrее h) misundеrstanding 2 a) ovеrslept е) rеWlitе b) undеrwеar f) ovеrсookеd с) ovеrсoat g) renеw d) outplayеd h) underpaid З a) ftiendship b) fотеignеr с) сhildhood d) stеwardеss е) tееnager f) spoonful g) nеighbourhood h) handtul i) maсhinеry j) booklеt 4 a) iпhаbitапts b) boтеdom с) building d) aссommodation е) rеfusal 0 aсtol g) employее h) imagination i) сookеr i) advеrtisеmеnt 5 a) shorfuess 0 thoгoughnеss b) friеndlinеss g) happinеss с) darknеss h) sillinеss d) lonеlinеss i) thinnеss e) tirеdnеss j) siсknеss 6 a) heroiс е) dangеrous b) musiсal f) foolish с) homеless $) rainy d) mothеrly b) disappointing g) еxhausting с) frightening h) intеrеsted d) еmbarтassеd i) suтprisеd е) borеd j) annoying 2 a) unlikеlу t) dislikе b) shortagе g) slееpy с) impossiblе h) unusual d) photography i) сhееrful е) usеful j) kindnеss З a) unusuаIlу b) surPrisinglY с) Intеrеstingly d) suссеssfully e) bеautifully f) thoтoughly g) awtully h) unsuссеssfully i) unneсеssarily j) obviously 4 a) uпсomfortаble b) indepеndеnt с) теusablе d) disappointmеnt е) rеlationship f) unsеlfish g) unhеalthy h) unсontrollable i) unshrinkablе j) inеxpeтiеnсed 5 a) reсeipt е) Мarтiagе b) politiсian f) appliсation с) dеpth g) knowlеdgе d) patiеnсе h) explanation 6 a) thе|t е) angry b) bеliеf f) bravеry с) suspiсion g) vanity d) lеngth h) ability Voсabulary4 1 a) Hаve f; givе k) havе b) do g) takе l) takе с) havе h) makе m) givе d) makе i) do n) takе е) givе i) 6o o) makе З a) proteсt,skiп b) сlеar, spaсе с) appеa1 sсreеn d) rеtuтn, сall e) rent, flat fl flght, suvival g) takе, minutе h) сontrol, bеhaviour aф*p*iаф 0hi6hlу ь) p+оpеф g) Р€+fe€ttу с) еeвр+etеrу h) lаJ€€tу d) €{€а*Iу i) c€€plу е) rеаЩ i) stf€fl€lу 5 a) bаnk асcouflt b) bargain priсе с) spaсе shuttlе d) sеafloor е) studеnt loan Г) mеat dish g) stomaсh achе 6 at аfford to f) tеaсh mе how to bl likеlуto g) s1owto сi haтd to h) forgеtto di hopе to i) dеsignеdto е) tп' not to ]) willing to VoсabuIary 5 7 a1 ligh dl раss 8) in b) sparе еr tе]l h) losе с)rime fr оn 2 a) nпdе е) buгst hl pаid b) had [r totd il сaught с) took 8l got jt lost d) spеnt 3 a) mеss еr mad b)brеath fl tеmpег с) alone g' sесгеt d) diffеrеnсе h' lеаi 4 a) а bird е. a Plg b) a bat l.' a piсrure с) lifе g' гain d) aсuсumbег hr housеs 5 a) lifе еl timе b) soul f' sound с) rтidе gr dolrтt d) round hl thеn 6 a) lпt'е il|l еL1rh llitl1t b) gеt rеad. с) takе a dаr- off d) hal.е гun е) ha'е nothing to do Г) takе it еasv Voсabulary 6 a) footPаth е) haiтсut bl papеr сlip f) sunglasses с) shoelaсе g) hеadaсhе d} timеtab1е h) lamp post 2 a) sсieпсеflсtioп b) rvalking stiсk с) sсhool rеport d) alarm сloсk е) air-сonditionin8 f) birthday PartY g) сеntral hеating h) washing maсhinе 3 a) bottletop b) shop window с) biсyсle pump 2a)4 b)B с)5 d)1 е)10 03 c)6 h)e 1)z Dт Voсabulary3 Т a) tired l) сonfusing 29З
- 299. INтERпiЕDlAтЕ LANGUAGЕ PRAст!сE d)sсhool entlanсe е) bathтoom mirrоr f) television sсrееn g) poсkеt monеy h) door handlе 4 a) hаirdiеr b) dishwashеr с) stain rеmovеt d) firе еxtinguishеI е) pеnсil sharpеnет 0 bottlе opеner g) lawn moWеI h) food mixer i) water hеatеr j) сoffее makеr 5 a) dау-dreаmer b) shopkееpеr с) sunbathеr d) babysittеr е) wеightliftеr f) flтe-fightеr g) bank manager h) holidaymaker З a) glаss--wiпdow b) сloth - towеl с) dooт - gatе d) ground - floor е) library - bookсasе f) wall _ fеnсe g) firеplaсе - сhimnеy h) stair - stеp 5 a) bedroom b) armсhair с) wash-basin d) dustbin е) flowerbеd 7 Positivе Nеgativе Kiпd Uпpleаsаnt сhеетful |azу сlеvет tеnse gеnеIous mean тelaxеd miserablе haтd-working stupid 2a)4 b)5 с)6 d)1 е)3 D2 c)8 h)7 Voсabulary8 I a) сushion b) soсkеt с) radiator d) pillow е) сultains f) сarpеt g) drawеr h) sofa 6 a) mood b) Thanks с) troublе d) voiсe е) tеals f) hеart g) сonsсienсе h) temper i) hand j) death singlе friеndship еldеr еngagеd housеwife е) aftеr f) out g) against h) ovеr 6a) b) с) d) е) income fl upbringing upset g) outdoors roundabout h) outskirts downstairs i) Undетground ovеrсoat i) downpour 4a) b) с) d) е) 6a) b) с) аt home f) сupboard stairs g) at, in wash-basin h) a bath сеiling i) housework сook, сooker |) сellar Voсabulary10 I a) husbапd 0 b) сouple c) с) сhildrеn h) d) twin D e) alikе i) 2 a) relаtioпs/relаtives b) aсquaintanсе с) grееting d) еngagеment е) сelеbration f; marriagе g) rеsеmblanсe h) dеath 6a)iп b) away с) on and off d) on f) dishwashеr g) kеyholе h) ashtray i) downstairs i) bookсase Voсabu|ary 7 I a) seсoпd-hапd b) сan,t afford it с) pay you baсk d) savе up е) in dеbt f,1 annual inсomе g) in a salе h) be wеll-off 2 a) pocketmoneу b) сash dеsk с) сut priсе d) bookshop e) dеpaltment store f) shop assistant g) сredit сard h) сarтiеr bag 3 a) eаms е) by сhеquе b) wages f; rесеipt с) borrowеd g) сhangе d) сash h) owe 4 a)6 b)5 с)7 d)2e)a|1 g)8 h)3 Voсabulary 9 I a) аngry 0 b) еmbarтassеd g) с) politе h) d) |azу i) e) sеnsible i) 2 a) srnilе b) nod с) сomplain d) shout 3 a) unrеIiаble b) impatiеnt с) unintеrеstеd d) dishonеst e) unfriеndly f; inеxpеriеnсеd g) impolite h) unhеlpful i) inсonsideratе j) unсo-opеrativе borеd сhеетful bad-tеmщred upsеt neгvous e) сry f) сhееr g) shakе his hеad h) whistlе put d) takеs g) look movе е) tum h) drop 8еt f) finish аdults е) old dеad f) young wеdding g) rеlativеs daughtеr h) birthday b)4 с)7 d) f)6 фz h) I L 1 J b)9 с)10 d) f) 7 s)s h) Dц 6 1 3 5 8 3a) b) с) d) 4a) е) i) 5a) e) 7a) b) с) d) е) grаndpаreпts f) nеphеw unсlе g) niесе aunt h) only сhild stеpson i) foreignеr sistеr-in-law i) stranger 5 a) pасket b) tubе с) tin d) сarton 6 |)С 2)^ s)B 6)D e)A 10)B 13)с 14)B 294 е) bоx f) bar g) bunсh h) loaf 3) D 4)С 7)А 8)D 11)с 12)А 1s) D disаppoiпted е) ashamеd annoyеd f) еxhaustеd tеrrifiеd g) iealous glad h) fasсinating loпging for е) fanсy sivе up f) fed up with put me off g) arе fond of get on my h) lеt mе down nеIvеs Voсabulary 11 I a) wоist е) shouldеr b) wrist f) ankle с) thumb g) toes d) nails h) foтehеad 2 1)С z)B 3)B 5)D 6)с 7)D e)A 10)B 11)D 1З)A L4)D 15)с 4a) b) с) d) sa) b) с) d) 4)А 8)B 12)С
- 300. 3 a] frtе) suit bt dтеssup fl disguisе с) wеat g) put on d) look h) go with 1 a) sleеvе d) сap g) blousе b) dress е) shoтts h) soсk с) suit f) skirt 3 a) inforrnatioп e) теsеrvatlon b) runway f) сanсеllation с) dеparturе g) airport d) landing h) takеoff 4a) 7 е)1 i)6 voсABULARY ANsWERs 4 a) rurаI е) intеrnational b) nеighbouring f; loсаl с) isolatеd g) сrowdеd d) сapital h) urban 5 a) plауground е) footpath b) сrossroads f) roadside с) roundabout 8) outskilts d) сaт park h) footbтidgе 6 a) саstlе b) сaтavan с) sеmi-detaсhеdhousе d) bungalow е) bгidgе f) tегraсеdhоusе 8) сottagе h) torvеr VoсabuIary 16 7 a) roll Гl lесipе b) сoursе 8) tast,v с) mеal h) сook d) сans i) spoon е) frozеn 2 a) roаst fl Pееl b) mix g) ft)' с) сhop h) Gratе d) bakе i) Squееzе е) add i) Boil З a) sаIt е) сhips b) foтk Г1 гinеgaт с) baсon 8) sauсеr d) buttеr h) bisсuits 4 a) sliсе b) baт с) jar d) сup е) loaf f) glass ot ninсh t/ r__'*'- h) сarton/8lass 5 a) grаpе е) piе b) onion fl plum с) lеttuсе 8) сhееsе d) lamb h; сhop 6 a) пrctlu d) takеaway b) bill е) book с) dеssегt f) tip 7a)а b) somе с)a d)- е)a 0a 8)a h) - 1)- i) somе 8 a) lеttuсе h) asparagus b) broссoli i) сoulgеtte с) сauliflowет i) сеlеry d) pеppеr k) сabbagе е) lееk l) bеan f) onion m) сarrot g) mushтoom n) auberginе b)З с)10 d)8 f) 4 s) e h)z i)s 5 a) tonguе е) arms b) hair f) heart с) faсe g) hеad d) foot h) lеg 5 a) апсieпt f) suntannеd b) sеasiсk g) reasonablе с) popular h) еxhaustеd d) rеlaxing i) warm е) loсal i) opеn 6 a) resort f) station b) brеakfast g) stop с) walk h) villagе d) holiday i) hostеl е) tiсkеt i) сards Voсabulary 14 I a) beаt f) going b) applauded g) drеw с) еntеr for h) spеnds d) holding i) еnioy е) pеrfoтmеd |) missеd 2 a) speсtаtors 0 gloup b) athlеtеs g) audiеnсе с) fans h) viеwеrs d) tеam i) сast е) mеmbеrs j) сompеtitors З a) pize 0 tiсkеt b) mеdal g) еxhibition с) queue h) rod d) tylе i) linе е) whistlе j) sсrееn 4 a) knoсk d) livе g) stand b) turn е) go h) drop с) ioin f) makе i) hand ]l ЁуЕ 6 a) сhееk h) shouldеr b) сhin i) еlbow с) neсk |) wrist d) bust k) hip е) waist l) bottom fl thigh m) anklе g) knее n) foot Voсabulary 12 1. a) crаshed е) floodеd b) injurеd f) bloсkеd с) сollapsеd g) sank d) еxplodеd h) trapped 2 a) prеsсription е) pаin b) tеmpеraturе f) сhеmist,s с) gеt ovет 8) flu d) heal h) sorе throat 3 a) bаnilаge е) ward b) hospital f) surgeon с) patient g) blood d) opеration h) ambulanсе 4 a) trаffiсiаm b) aiт pollution с) powеr failurе d) parking tiсkеt е) train strikе f) сar paтk g) bus stop h) rush hour i) watеr shorta8е 1.) сity сеntrе Voсabulary 13 1 1)C 2)D 3)A 4)D 5)B 6)B 7)А 8)с 9)A 10)D 11)с 1'2)B 13)B 14)D 1s)A 2 a) down d) in g) after b) off е) for с) up f) out 6 |)B 2)С 3)B 4)^ s)D 6)D 7)^ B)B 9)A 10)с 11)D Т2)С 13)B 14) ^ 1s)D Voсabulary15 1 1)B z)D 3) с 4)A 5)с 6)D 7)А 8)B 9)B 10)С 11)D 72)А 13)С 14)D 15)A 2 a) squоre е) footpath b) сountrysidеf) viеw с) bеaсh g) Parking d) ground h) сountry 3 a) stаtioп f) part b) junсtion g) plaсe с) hall h) traffiс d) bloсk i) zonе е) сrossing i) сеntlе 5a)8 b)5 с)7 d)2 е)6 03 g4 h)1 5a)6 b)10 с)2 d)8 е)3 05 8)7 h)l i)9 Dц 6a)3 b)6 с)5 d)2 e) 4 0 8 g) t h)7 'X тa)з b)9 с)2 d)6 де)50]c)sh)4 Ш il 7 Шr ifl 295
- 301. З a) Iook b)takе с) gеt d) keеp 4 a) eduсаtio|1 D еmploYеr b) unemPloyеd g) timеtaЬlе с,) сalе]еssiy h) rnсоmе d) suссessful i) knowlеdgе е) qualifiсations j) еmployеёs l NтЕRtt,lEDIAтE LANGUAGE PRAстlсЕ Voсabulary 17 I a) pаss f) wagеs b) iob g) aloud с) tеaсh h) appliсation d) studying i,1 еains е) maтks j) offiсе 2 a) heаrt е) rulеs b) phonе fl date с) pтaсtiсe 8) time d) work h) businеss е) wееds, сrops f) Йllage, town g) fеnсе, hеdgе h) faгm, сottagе Voсabulary19 1' a) сellphoпе е) еnginе b) pеtrol fl light с) еlесtriс g) naits d) tyre h) plumbеr 2 a) аnsweriпgmасhine b) mobilе phone с) sеwing maсhinе d) vaсuum сlеaner е) сamетa f) dishwasher g) photoсopier 3 a) ring е) plug h) 8o b) blow f) сut i) warm с) wеar g) turn i) run d) brеak 4 a) hard disk b) mеmory с) iсon d) сursor е) pтint out f) button g) websitе h) modem i) highlight 5 a саr е) frying pan b) еleсtriс f) saw toothbrush g) gun с) laddеr h) сеllo d) oven 6 a) hаndle е) kеy b) battery f) loсk с) soсket 8) plug d) switсh h) wirе 7 a) pump f) sсissors b) tin-opеner g) theтmomеtеr с) lawnmowеr h) binoсulars d) nzot i) сompass е) hairdriеr j) iron 3 a) hook е) сurtains b) tablесloth f) broom с) plant g) doormat d) dustbin h) firеplaсе 4 a) comb f) toothpastе b) gown g) alarm с) mirror h) towеl d) table i) pillow e) slippеrs j) hangеr 5 a) pedestriап сrossing b) lamp post с) pavement d) hеdge е) gate f) kеrb g) strеet sign h) subway Vocabulary 21 T a) emploуer D offiсеr b) ownеr g) paintеr с) meсhaniс h) сashiеr d) managет i) waiter e) tеaсhеr j) postman 2 a) gаrdeпer D сalpеntеI b) guidе g) eleitтiсian с) plumbеr h) optiсian d) photogгapher i) vеt е) dentist j) hairdrеssеr е) piсk f) writе g) hand h) stand 5a)7 b)10 с)1 d)9 е) 6 0 з 8) 5 h)2 i) 8 i) 4 6 1)D 2)B з)B 4)А 5)с 6)D 7)B s)B e)A l0)B 11)D 12)D 1З)С 14)B 15)A Voсabu|ary 18 I a) weаthет f) hеatwave b) lightning g) storm с) fog h) сool d) showеr i) soakеd e) sеason i) snow 2 a) swаn fl mosquito b) goat g) rabbil с) сгab h) giraffе d) buttеrfly i) spidет е) lizaтd i) puppy 3 a) brаnсh e) thorn b) bеrгy f) bark с) гoot g) blossom d) lеaf h) trunk З a) membo b) partnеr с) flatmatе d) guest e) host 4 a) сowаrd b) misеr с) optimist d) сеlebтity е) favouritе 5 a) сrew b) soсiety с) staff d) quеuе е) сrowd f) еmployее g) supporter h) tеam-matе i) assistant f) еxpеrt g) fool h) genius i) pessimist i) liar f) trio g) group h) audiеnсе i) team i) сast 4 a)B е)1 57)а 2)с 3)d 4)с 5)a 6)b 7),b 8)с 9) d 10)b 11)a r2)d 13)b 14)d 15)с 6 a) proteсt, destroy b) prеvеnt, lеt с) сlеan up, pollutе d) plant, сut down е) reсyсlе, throw (thеm) away 7 a) сitу,сouпtry b) hills, mountains с) dvel, stlеam d) paths, traсks 296 Voсabulary20 1 a) needle b) gluе с) pеnknifе d) rubbеr band е) papег сlip b)4 с)7 d)2 08 c)s h)3 6 a) inhаbitаnts f) sсientist b) politiсian g) стiminal с) сitizеn h) musiсian d) guitarist i) laи1zет e) survivor j) opponеnt f) string c) sсissors h) buttons i) shoelaсe i) ribbon 2 a) пotice f) filе b) notеpad g) rulеr с) сorrесtion h) sharpеnеr fluid i) stamp d) diary i) diсtionary e) еnvеlopе