- The document summarizes key findings from a nationally representative survey of 6,000 Indonesian individuals aged 15+ on financial inclusion and digital financial services.
- The survey found that Indonesians primarily use banks and non-bank financial institutions like credit unions and savings groups for financial services, not mobile money. Nearly half have used banks or NBFIs.
- Awareness of mobile money is very low - only 3% know the concept and 6% know a provider. Most awareness comes from mass media and word of mouth.
- Close to one quarter of Indonesian adults can access bank accounts digitally, primarily through internet and mobile banking, though rural and poor populations lag on digital access.
Financial inclusion in Indonesia held steady at around 24% between 2014 and 2015. Bank accounts continue to be the primary means of financial access, with 23% of adults having registered bank accounts. Mobile money awareness and use saw slight increases between 2014 and 2015, though mobile money accounts still only represent 0.3% of the population. The majority of financially included adults have digital access to their accounts, with 23% able to access accounts via mobile phones, ATMs, debit/credit cards or the internet.
The document provides demographic information about survey respondents in Indonesia, finding that over half of Indonesian adults are employed but a majority live below the $2.50/day poverty line, with farming a common occupation especially in rural areas. Many Indonesians supplement their income through secondary jobs or family support. Unemployed individuals primarily rely on support from spouses or other family members.
Kenya Mobile Money and Digital Finance Survey Fall 2013finclusion
InterMedia's Financial Inclusion Insights research program is tracking the use of mobile money and other digital financial services in Africa and Asia.This report summarizes findings from the FII Tracker Survey in Kenya conducted during Fall 2013
Financial inclusion in Pakistan increased from 7% to 9% between 2014 and 2015. Banks remain the major contributor to financial inclusion, with 7% of adults having bank accounts. Mobile money account ownership doubled between 2014 and 2015 to 1% as mobile money and non-bank financial institutions also contribute to growing financial inclusion. Awareness of mobile money remains high but usage lags, with only 13% of those aware having used mobile money. Literacy and mobile phone skills remain significant barriers to greater adoption of digital financial services.
- An annual nationally representative survey of 6,000 Pakistani adults aged 15+ was conducted from September to October 2015 to track trends in digital financial services.
- Access to and use of financial services has grown slowly over time, with mobile money and non-bank financial institutions seeing 1% growth each year. Mobile money users are also utilizing more advanced services like bill payment.
- Awareness and adoption of new mobile money value-added services that go beyond basic transactions remains low, with only 8% of adults aware and less than 1% using these services.
FII Pakistan Wave One - Survey QuickSights Reportfinclusion
- The document summarizes key findings from Wave 1 of the Financial Inclusion Insights (FII) Tracker Survey conducted in Pakistan.
- Less than 10% of respondents have a bank account, while 7% use mobile money services, though only 0.4% have registered their own mobile money accounts.
- Telenor EasyPaisa dominates the mobile money market in Pakistan, with 87% of mobile money users reporting having used that service.
Mobile payment has grown rapidly in West Africa in recent years, enabled by increasing mobile phone adoption. However, several challenges remain:
1. Territorial coverage of mobile networks and agent networks remains inadequate, especially in rural areas.
2. Agent networks provide an important mode of distribution but remain limited in scale and sustainability.
3. Lack of interoperability between mobile operators limits the scope of mobile payment services.
4. The cost of implementing innovative solutions like online bill payment and government services is prohibitive for many West African governments.
5. Regulation of mobile financial services remains imprecise, which could limit further growth and innovation in the sector. Overcoming these challenges will be important to realize
Mobile banking has great potential to promote financial inclusion in Africa. By reducing geographic and cost barriers, mobile banking allows commercial banks to expand into new areas at low cost. Kenya and South Africa have been leaders in mobile banking, with services like M-Pesa in Kenya growing exponentially and bringing millions of unbanked individuals into the formal financial system. Partnerships between mobile operators, banks, and microfinance institutions can further expand access to affordable financial services across Africa through mobile phones.
Financial inclusion in Indonesia held steady at around 24% between 2014 and 2015. Bank accounts continue to be the primary means of financial access, with 23% of adults having registered bank accounts. Mobile money awareness and use saw slight increases between 2014 and 2015, though mobile money accounts still only represent 0.3% of the population. The majority of financially included adults have digital access to their accounts, with 23% able to access accounts via mobile phones, ATMs, debit/credit cards or the internet.
The document provides demographic information about survey respondents in Indonesia, finding that over half of Indonesian adults are employed but a majority live below the $2.50/day poverty line, with farming a common occupation especially in rural areas. Many Indonesians supplement their income through secondary jobs or family support. Unemployed individuals primarily rely on support from spouses or other family members.
Kenya Mobile Money and Digital Finance Survey Fall 2013finclusion
InterMedia's Financial Inclusion Insights research program is tracking the use of mobile money and other digital financial services in Africa and Asia.This report summarizes findings from the FII Tracker Survey in Kenya conducted during Fall 2013
Financial inclusion in Pakistan increased from 7% to 9% between 2014 and 2015. Banks remain the major contributor to financial inclusion, with 7% of adults having bank accounts. Mobile money account ownership doubled between 2014 and 2015 to 1% as mobile money and non-bank financial institutions also contribute to growing financial inclusion. Awareness of mobile money remains high but usage lags, with only 13% of those aware having used mobile money. Literacy and mobile phone skills remain significant barriers to greater adoption of digital financial services.
- An annual nationally representative survey of 6,000 Pakistani adults aged 15+ was conducted from September to October 2015 to track trends in digital financial services.
- Access to and use of financial services has grown slowly over time, with mobile money and non-bank financial institutions seeing 1% growth each year. Mobile money users are also utilizing more advanced services like bill payment.
- Awareness and adoption of new mobile money value-added services that go beyond basic transactions remains low, with only 8% of adults aware and less than 1% using these services.
FII Pakistan Wave One - Survey QuickSights Reportfinclusion
- The document summarizes key findings from Wave 1 of the Financial Inclusion Insights (FII) Tracker Survey conducted in Pakistan.
- Less than 10% of respondents have a bank account, while 7% use mobile money services, though only 0.4% have registered their own mobile money accounts.
- Telenor EasyPaisa dominates the mobile money market in Pakistan, with 87% of mobile money users reporting having used that service.
Mobile payment has grown rapidly in West Africa in recent years, enabled by increasing mobile phone adoption. However, several challenges remain:
1. Territorial coverage of mobile networks and agent networks remains inadequate, especially in rural areas.
2. Agent networks provide an important mode of distribution but remain limited in scale and sustainability.
3. Lack of interoperability between mobile operators limits the scope of mobile payment services.
4. The cost of implementing innovative solutions like online bill payment and government services is prohibitive for many West African governments.
5. Regulation of mobile financial services remains imprecise, which could limit further growth and innovation in the sector. Overcoming these challenges will be important to realize
Mobile banking has great potential to promote financial inclusion in Africa. By reducing geographic and cost barriers, mobile banking allows commercial banks to expand into new areas at low cost. Kenya and South Africa have been leaders in mobile banking, with services like M-Pesa in Kenya growing exponentially and bringing millions of unbanked individuals into the formal financial system. Partnerships between mobile operators, banks, and microfinance institutions can further expand access to affordable financial services across Africa through mobile phones.
This document provides an overview of mobile money services in India. It defines mobile money and describes its key characteristics, including using agents outside bank branches to deposit and withdraw funds and initiating transactions via mobile phones. Globally, there are 411 million mobile money accounts across 93 countries. The document outlines reasons for mobile money's potential success in India, including high mobile penetration, financial inclusion needs, and government initiatives. It lists some prominent Indian mobile wallet providers and payments banks. Finally, it discusses factors important for mobile money to succeed in India, such as digital and financial inclusion, awareness/education, regulatory reforms, and customer confidence.
Branchless Banking in Africa aims to provide banking services to underserved populations. Most adults in Africa are unbanked due to factors like remote locations, poverty, and lack of financial education. Mobile money has achieved success in some countries by offering convenient cash transfers via cell phones, but does not provide full banking services. Traditional banks seek new ways to reach rural customers and offer savings, payments, loans and more using innovative technologies and distribution models beyond physical branches.
- Financial inclusion in Bangladesh has grown from 37% in 2014 to 43% in 2015, driven largely by growth in mobile money use and registration. Mobile money use now surpasses use of non-bank financial institutions.
- Active use of financial accounts has also increased, especially for mobile money where active account holders doubled from 4% to 8%. Mobile money is also seeing more advanced uses like bill payments and loans growing.
- While registered mobile money accounts are growing, unregistered/over-the-counter mobile money remains the dominant form of access, though the gap is closing.
The document summarizes key findings from a 2014 survey on financial inclusion in Pakistan:
- Mobile money and bank accounts are the most commonly used financial services, with 8% of Pakistanis using mobile money over-the-counter and 7% holding bank accounts.
- However, only 6% of Pakistanis have active digital access to financial services accounts, and marginalized groups like women and those in rural/low-income areas have much lower rates of access and account usage.
- Mobile money is increasingly used for loans, savings, and government payments in addition to traditional bill payments, but savings and other services still only account for a small minority of mobile money usage.
The majority of the world population is not covered by the mainstream financial sector. As such, mobile money services are seen as a cost effective and efficient way of increasing financial inclusion. However, there remains some factors that impede the development of mobile money services. Therefore, this study sought to analyse these factors with a view to identifying strategies that can be used to accelerate the development of mobile money services.
IS THE WORLD READY FOR CASHLESS CURRENCYMadhavGupta75
A cashless economy is one in which the majority of monetary transactions occur electronically through debit cards, credit cards, net banking, etc. And the physical cash circulation is minimum. The cashless economy has benefits of prevention of money laundering, deter shadow economy, increase the tax base and compliance and convenience for customers.
State of mobile banking in tanzania andIJNSA Journal
This document summarizes the state of mobile banking in Tanzania. It discusses the key players in the mobile banking ecosystem including mobile network operators, banks, agents, merchants, and regulatory bodies. The four main mobile banking services in Tanzania are discussed: M-Pesa, Ezy-Pesa, AirtelMoney, and Tigo Pesa. M-Pesa has the largest market share at 53%. Security challenges with mobile banking are also covered, such as malware threats from downloads, messaging, and Bluetooth. Collaboration between players is important but also presents challenges around revenue sharing and strategic decision making.
This document provides an overview of fintech startups in sub-Saharan Africa. It discusses the growth of mobile technology and financial services in the region, which has created opportunities for fintech innovation. Notable fintech startups in South Africa, Kenya, and Nigeria are highlighted, including Yoco, Snapscan, and M-Pesa, which provide payment solutions that have increased access to financial services. The document also notes that international investors are increasingly interested in the sub-Saharan African fintech sector.
Women & Usability of Mobile Financial Services in the Philippinesgrameenfoundation
These studies aim to understand how mobile phone technology and its usability is impacting poor women’s ability to access and benefit from mobile financial services. Many players assume that if a poor person owns a mobile phone, they are able to use it. We have found that this is a faulty assumption, and believe that usability and “mobile phone literacy” are big issues that are preventing poor women in particular to benefit from mobile-enabled solutions.
This document summarizes a research study on the reality of achieving a cashless society in Rwanda. The study used data from the National Bank of Rwanda from 2012-2013 to analyze trends in electronic payment methods like ATMs, point-of-sale terminals, mobile and internet banking. The analysis showed growth in the numbers of electronic transactions and devices during this period. A correlation analysis also showed a strong relationship between increased numbers of ATMs/POS terminals and higher transaction numbers and values. However, the values of ATM/POS transactions were still relatively low. The study concludes that while Rwanda is making progress towards a cashless society through expanded electronic infrastructure and services, increased investment is still needed along with laws and awareness to
This document outlines the key points about moving towards a cashless economy in India. It defines a cashless economy, lists methods of cashless transactions like mobile banking and debit/credit cards, and discusses the advantages like reducing black money and ease of transactions and disadvantages like security risks and surcharges. It then analyzes reasons why India is not fully ready to go cashless, like cybersecurity issues and lack of infrastructure. The document also covers government initiatives to promote cashless transactions through programs like RuPay, PMJDY, and Aadhaar and believes these can help India transition towards a digital economy by 2020.
Mobile money for youth and children aflatounTonny Omwansa
This document discusses the potential for mobile money products for youth and children in Africa. It provides background on the growth of mobile money across Africa, where mobile money accounts now outnumber bank accounts in many countries. The document then discusses challenges in developing mobile money for youth, as child-friendly accounts have not been linked to mobile platforms and regulations are limited. However, it outlines possibilities for mobile money to be used by students, including allowing access to proxy accounts while out of school. Developing mobile money for youth will require partnerships between various organizations and education efforts.
Study on-mobile-payments-deloitte reportShridhar Rao
India remains predominantly a cash-based economy, with over 65% of retail transactions conducted using cash. While non-cash payment methods like credit cards, debit cards, and mobile payments have grown, they currently account for a small portion of the market. The widespread distribution of retail outlets across urban and rural India, along with typically low-value transactions, make traditional card-based systems less viable compared to other countries. To truly enable non-cash payments at scale, India requires an innovative mobile-based solution tailored to its unique market characteristics and consumer needs.
1) Bank Indonesia plays an important role in promoting financial inclusion in Indonesia in order to support its monetary, payment system, and macroprudential functions. Financial inclusion helps reduce liquidity and credit risks for banks.
2) Bank Indonesia's strategies for promoting financial inclusion include educating the public to use electronic money accounts rather than cash and reducing consumptive tendencies. Digital Financial Services (DFS) expand access to financial services through non-branch channels like mobile phones and agents.
3) Electronic money in Indonesia comes in registered and unregistered forms, with registered e-money allowing maximum balances of Rp 5 million and enabling transfers and cash withdrawals. DFS and electronic money can be used through Islamic boarding schools
Mobile money service as an opportunity for the growth of commercial banks in ...Alexander Decker
This document discusses mobile money services in Tanzania and their potential to promote financial inclusion and commercial bank growth. It finds that mobile money services have significantly expanded access to financial services for the previously unbanked in Tanzania by leveraging the widespread adoption of mobile phones. Studies cited show mobile money reduces transaction costs and improves access to payments, remittances, and other services. As most Tanzanians, including the unbanked, now have mobile phones, mobile money provides a platform to incorporate them into the formal financial system. This represents an opportunity for commercial banks to partner with mobile money providers to bank the unbanked and further their own growth.
The document discusses opportunities for growth in the Philippines, particularly in real estate and IT-BPM industries. It notes that the Philippines has one of the fastest growing economies in Asia, driven by factors like OFW remittances, IT-BPM, and tourism. Central Luzon is highlighted as a key region for future growth, with Metro Clark and nearby areas positioned to benefit from expanding IT-BPM industries and serve as an alternative to Metro Manila. The "W" growth corridor connecting Metro Manila and Clark is seen as important for developing interconnected economic centers across the country.
TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES IN MICROFINANCE BANKS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIAIAEME Publication
The study was designed to estimate growth implications of the intermediation activities of microfinance banks in Nigeria. The study covered the period 1992 to 2016. Model estimation was based on the technique of autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) using data from the Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin. Traditional intermediation functions of microfinance banks (deposit mobilization and credit creation) were adopted as explanatory variables while inflation and asset base were introduced as controlled variables. The result showed that while deposit mobilization significantly enhanced growth, microfinance banks’ loans and advances impeded the growth process.
Mobile money services have greatly expanded access to financial services in Kenya. M-Pesa, launched in 2007, allows users to store and transfer money via mobile phones. It now has over 17 million users, more than Western Union globally. M-Pesa led to the creation of mobile banking like M-Kesho. Crowdfunding apps and other mobile startups are creating opportunities. The government aims to achieve complete financial inclusion through initiatives that expand infrastructure like its new undersea fiber optic cable. Mobile innovations have helped lift many Kenyans out of poverty and driven progress towards the country's 2030 development goals.
Leading Mobile Financial Services Provider : mFino by Sridhar ObilisettySridhar Obilisetty
mFino is one of the leader in providing mobile financial services platform that enables the delivery of a full spectrum of financial services that meets the current needs of financial institutions, mobile operators, distributors and retailers
The document summarizes key findings from a 2014 survey of 6,000 Indonesian adults regarding financial inclusion. The survey found that nearly half of adults had used financial services but many did not use formal services. Formal banks and informal savings groups (arisans) were the most commonly used financial service providers. Mobile money awareness and use was extremely low at the time. Access to and competency with mobile phones was relatively high, but financial literacy regarding concepts like loans and investments was low.
2015 InterMedia FII INDONESIA QuickSights Summary ReportCaldwell Bishop
- An annual nationally representative survey of 6,060 Indonesian adults aged 15+ was conducted from August to November 2015 to track trends in digital financial services.
- Banks remain the most widely used financial institution, with 27% of adults having used a bank and 22% being active users. Arisans (informal rotating credit groups) are also commonly used.
- Mobile money awareness grew from 6% to 8% of adults since 2014, and usage increased from 0.1% to 0.4%, suggesting increased awareness may be translating to more use. However, many mobile money aware adults still lack knowledge about how mobile money services work.
- Bank account ownership increased across most demographic groups, but there remain large dispar
This document provides an overview of mobile money services in India. It defines mobile money and describes its key characteristics, including using agents outside bank branches to deposit and withdraw funds and initiating transactions via mobile phones. Globally, there are 411 million mobile money accounts across 93 countries. The document outlines reasons for mobile money's potential success in India, including high mobile penetration, financial inclusion needs, and government initiatives. It lists some prominent Indian mobile wallet providers and payments banks. Finally, it discusses factors important for mobile money to succeed in India, such as digital and financial inclusion, awareness/education, regulatory reforms, and customer confidence.
Branchless Banking in Africa aims to provide banking services to underserved populations. Most adults in Africa are unbanked due to factors like remote locations, poverty, and lack of financial education. Mobile money has achieved success in some countries by offering convenient cash transfers via cell phones, but does not provide full banking services. Traditional banks seek new ways to reach rural customers and offer savings, payments, loans and more using innovative technologies and distribution models beyond physical branches.
- Financial inclusion in Bangladesh has grown from 37% in 2014 to 43% in 2015, driven largely by growth in mobile money use and registration. Mobile money use now surpasses use of non-bank financial institutions.
- Active use of financial accounts has also increased, especially for mobile money where active account holders doubled from 4% to 8%. Mobile money is also seeing more advanced uses like bill payments and loans growing.
- While registered mobile money accounts are growing, unregistered/over-the-counter mobile money remains the dominant form of access, though the gap is closing.
The document summarizes key findings from a 2014 survey on financial inclusion in Pakistan:
- Mobile money and bank accounts are the most commonly used financial services, with 8% of Pakistanis using mobile money over-the-counter and 7% holding bank accounts.
- However, only 6% of Pakistanis have active digital access to financial services accounts, and marginalized groups like women and those in rural/low-income areas have much lower rates of access and account usage.
- Mobile money is increasingly used for loans, savings, and government payments in addition to traditional bill payments, but savings and other services still only account for a small minority of mobile money usage.
The majority of the world population is not covered by the mainstream financial sector. As such, mobile money services are seen as a cost effective and efficient way of increasing financial inclusion. However, there remains some factors that impede the development of mobile money services. Therefore, this study sought to analyse these factors with a view to identifying strategies that can be used to accelerate the development of mobile money services.
IS THE WORLD READY FOR CASHLESS CURRENCYMadhavGupta75
A cashless economy is one in which the majority of monetary transactions occur electronically through debit cards, credit cards, net banking, etc. And the physical cash circulation is minimum. The cashless economy has benefits of prevention of money laundering, deter shadow economy, increase the tax base and compliance and convenience for customers.
State of mobile banking in tanzania andIJNSA Journal
This document summarizes the state of mobile banking in Tanzania. It discusses the key players in the mobile banking ecosystem including mobile network operators, banks, agents, merchants, and regulatory bodies. The four main mobile banking services in Tanzania are discussed: M-Pesa, Ezy-Pesa, AirtelMoney, and Tigo Pesa. M-Pesa has the largest market share at 53%. Security challenges with mobile banking are also covered, such as malware threats from downloads, messaging, and Bluetooth. Collaboration between players is important but also presents challenges around revenue sharing and strategic decision making.
This document provides an overview of fintech startups in sub-Saharan Africa. It discusses the growth of mobile technology and financial services in the region, which has created opportunities for fintech innovation. Notable fintech startups in South Africa, Kenya, and Nigeria are highlighted, including Yoco, Snapscan, and M-Pesa, which provide payment solutions that have increased access to financial services. The document also notes that international investors are increasingly interested in the sub-Saharan African fintech sector.
Women & Usability of Mobile Financial Services in the Philippinesgrameenfoundation
These studies aim to understand how mobile phone technology and its usability is impacting poor women’s ability to access and benefit from mobile financial services. Many players assume that if a poor person owns a mobile phone, they are able to use it. We have found that this is a faulty assumption, and believe that usability and “mobile phone literacy” are big issues that are preventing poor women in particular to benefit from mobile-enabled solutions.
This document summarizes a research study on the reality of achieving a cashless society in Rwanda. The study used data from the National Bank of Rwanda from 2012-2013 to analyze trends in electronic payment methods like ATMs, point-of-sale terminals, mobile and internet banking. The analysis showed growth in the numbers of electronic transactions and devices during this period. A correlation analysis also showed a strong relationship between increased numbers of ATMs/POS terminals and higher transaction numbers and values. However, the values of ATM/POS transactions were still relatively low. The study concludes that while Rwanda is making progress towards a cashless society through expanded electronic infrastructure and services, increased investment is still needed along with laws and awareness to
This document outlines the key points about moving towards a cashless economy in India. It defines a cashless economy, lists methods of cashless transactions like mobile banking and debit/credit cards, and discusses the advantages like reducing black money and ease of transactions and disadvantages like security risks and surcharges. It then analyzes reasons why India is not fully ready to go cashless, like cybersecurity issues and lack of infrastructure. The document also covers government initiatives to promote cashless transactions through programs like RuPay, PMJDY, and Aadhaar and believes these can help India transition towards a digital economy by 2020.
Mobile money for youth and children aflatounTonny Omwansa
This document discusses the potential for mobile money products for youth and children in Africa. It provides background on the growth of mobile money across Africa, where mobile money accounts now outnumber bank accounts in many countries. The document then discusses challenges in developing mobile money for youth, as child-friendly accounts have not been linked to mobile platforms and regulations are limited. However, it outlines possibilities for mobile money to be used by students, including allowing access to proxy accounts while out of school. Developing mobile money for youth will require partnerships between various organizations and education efforts.
Study on-mobile-payments-deloitte reportShridhar Rao
India remains predominantly a cash-based economy, with over 65% of retail transactions conducted using cash. While non-cash payment methods like credit cards, debit cards, and mobile payments have grown, they currently account for a small portion of the market. The widespread distribution of retail outlets across urban and rural India, along with typically low-value transactions, make traditional card-based systems less viable compared to other countries. To truly enable non-cash payments at scale, India requires an innovative mobile-based solution tailored to its unique market characteristics and consumer needs.
1) Bank Indonesia plays an important role in promoting financial inclusion in Indonesia in order to support its monetary, payment system, and macroprudential functions. Financial inclusion helps reduce liquidity and credit risks for banks.
2) Bank Indonesia's strategies for promoting financial inclusion include educating the public to use electronic money accounts rather than cash and reducing consumptive tendencies. Digital Financial Services (DFS) expand access to financial services through non-branch channels like mobile phones and agents.
3) Electronic money in Indonesia comes in registered and unregistered forms, with registered e-money allowing maximum balances of Rp 5 million and enabling transfers and cash withdrawals. DFS and electronic money can be used through Islamic boarding schools
Mobile money service as an opportunity for the growth of commercial banks in ...Alexander Decker
This document discusses mobile money services in Tanzania and their potential to promote financial inclusion and commercial bank growth. It finds that mobile money services have significantly expanded access to financial services for the previously unbanked in Tanzania by leveraging the widespread adoption of mobile phones. Studies cited show mobile money reduces transaction costs and improves access to payments, remittances, and other services. As most Tanzanians, including the unbanked, now have mobile phones, mobile money provides a platform to incorporate them into the formal financial system. This represents an opportunity for commercial banks to partner with mobile money providers to bank the unbanked and further their own growth.
The document discusses opportunities for growth in the Philippines, particularly in real estate and IT-BPM industries. It notes that the Philippines has one of the fastest growing economies in Asia, driven by factors like OFW remittances, IT-BPM, and tourism. Central Luzon is highlighted as a key region for future growth, with Metro Clark and nearby areas positioned to benefit from expanding IT-BPM industries and serve as an alternative to Metro Manila. The "W" growth corridor connecting Metro Manila and Clark is seen as important for developing interconnected economic centers across the country.
TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES IN MICROFINANCE BANKS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIAIAEME Publication
The study was designed to estimate growth implications of the intermediation activities of microfinance banks in Nigeria. The study covered the period 1992 to 2016. Model estimation was based on the technique of autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) using data from the Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin. Traditional intermediation functions of microfinance banks (deposit mobilization and credit creation) were adopted as explanatory variables while inflation and asset base were introduced as controlled variables. The result showed that while deposit mobilization significantly enhanced growth, microfinance banks’ loans and advances impeded the growth process.
Mobile money services have greatly expanded access to financial services in Kenya. M-Pesa, launched in 2007, allows users to store and transfer money via mobile phones. It now has over 17 million users, more than Western Union globally. M-Pesa led to the creation of mobile banking like M-Kesho. Crowdfunding apps and other mobile startups are creating opportunities. The government aims to achieve complete financial inclusion through initiatives that expand infrastructure like its new undersea fiber optic cable. Mobile innovations have helped lift many Kenyans out of poverty and driven progress towards the country's 2030 development goals.
Leading Mobile Financial Services Provider : mFino by Sridhar ObilisettySridhar Obilisetty
mFino is one of the leader in providing mobile financial services platform that enables the delivery of a full spectrum of financial services that meets the current needs of financial institutions, mobile operators, distributors and retailers
The document summarizes key findings from a 2014 survey of 6,000 Indonesian adults regarding financial inclusion. The survey found that nearly half of adults had used financial services but many did not use formal services. Formal banks and informal savings groups (arisans) were the most commonly used financial service providers. Mobile money awareness and use was extremely low at the time. Access to and competency with mobile phones was relatively high, but financial literacy regarding concepts like loans and investments was low.
2015 InterMedia FII INDONESIA QuickSights Summary ReportCaldwell Bishop
- An annual nationally representative survey of 6,060 Indonesian adults aged 15+ was conducted from August to November 2015 to track trends in digital financial services.
- Banks remain the most widely used financial institution, with 27% of adults having used a bank and 22% being active users. Arisans (informal rotating credit groups) are also commonly used.
- Mobile money awareness grew from 6% to 8% of adults since 2014, and usage increased from 0.1% to 0.4%, suggesting increased awareness may be translating to more use. However, many mobile money aware adults still lack knowledge about how mobile money services work.
- Bank account ownership increased across most demographic groups, but there remain large dispar
FII Indonesia presentation to in-country stakeholders June 2016Caldwell Bishop
The document summarizes findings from two years of research on financial inclusion in Indonesia. Some key findings include:
- Financial inclusion remains low at approximately one-quarter of Indonesian adults.
- Nearly two-thirds of adults have used either informal or formal financial services.
- 29% have used non-bank financial institutions like pawnshops or cooperatives, but only 3% have a bank account.
- Awareness and understanding of available financial services is a barrier to greater inclusion.
The document provides insights from national surveys on financial services in Ghana and Rwanda. It summarizes key findings regarding the use of banking services in Ghana and mobile money services in Rwanda. In Ghana, banks are the main driver of financial account ownership, while in Rwanda mobile money accounts are more common. The surveys found that digital bank accounts are more prevalent in Ghana than other countries, while mobile money has seen greater uptake in Rwanda. Differences in each country's financial landscape and institutional offerings may help explain varying levels of mobile money adoption.
1) The document examines the possibilities for widespread adoption of mobile commerce (m-commerce) in emerging markets in Asia, with a focus on Bangladesh, Indonesia, and Vietnam.
2) It finds that these markets are largely cash-based, but consumers experience issues with cash like receiving counterfeit money or the wrong change. It also notes a need for fast, secure money transfers as urbanization increases family separation.
3) Mobile financial services that address the issues with cash, and that are safe, convenient, and fast, could drive change towards more cashless transactions in these emerging Asian markets according to consumer interest levels reported in the study.
Ericsson ConsumerLab: Mobile Commerce in Emerging AsiaEricsson
A report from Ericsson ConsumerLab has explored the possibilities of widespread m-commerce adoption in emerging Asia. The countries included in the study were Bangladesh, Indonesia and Vietnam.
The document summarizes research from Financial Inclusion Insights (FII) on financial inclusion. FII conducts large surveys in multiple countries to measure adoption of financial services, particularly digital financial services (DFS). Key findings include that urban men above the poverty line are most financially included, and financially included individuals are more likely to save. The research also examines relationships between DFS use, demographics, technical skills, and financial behaviors. FII data has been used to inform policymakers and push dialogue on improving access to financial services.
In 2015, the CGAP-funded Financial Inclusion Insights Survey was conducted in Rwanda by InterMedia. The survey analyzes trends in mobile money usage in the country and highlights opportunities for growth in the industry.
This document summarizes a presentation on digital lending in Africa given at a banking conference in Nairobi, Kenya. It discusses findings from the Financial Inclusion Insights (FII) program, which conducts nationally representative surveys in 8 countries to track financial access and digital financial services usage. The presentation segments bank customers in Kenya and Nigeria into unregistered users, registered inactive users, active registered users, and super users. It finds differences in demographics between the segments and identifies saving as the leading bank activity. The presentation also discusses challenges to digitalization like infrastructure issues and opportunities like leveraging mobile ownership and government payment programs. It concludes with an overview of the research firm InterMedia.
Mobile money use in Bangladesh surpassed nonbank financial institution use between 2014 and 2015, increasing from 23% to 33%. Registered mobile money accounts nearly doubled from 5% to 9% of the population over this period, driving most of the growth in financial access. Mobile money agents are now more proximate than banks or ATMs for most people. However, lack of mobile phone skills remains a barrier to greater digital financial inclusion.
In 2015, the CGAP-funded Financial inclusion Insights Survey was conducted in Ghana by InterMedia to analyze the trends and usage of mobile money in the country. This report shares data from the survey and highlights opportunities for growth and expansion.
for more information, visit www.cgap.org/mobilemoneymomentum
2015 InterMedia FII INDIA QuickSights Summary ReportCaldwell Bishop
The key findings of the survey are:
1) Bank account ownership in India increased significantly between 2014 and 2015, rising from 52% to 63% of adults, likely due to the government's PMJDY initiative.
2) The number of active bank account holders also increased dramatically over this period, nearly doubling among lower income and rural populations.
3) However, mobile money awareness and usage remains very low in India, with awareness at just 10% and account ownership at only 0.5% of adults.
Contribution of mobile money in financial system inclussion to rural and poor...Abdalla Amour
The document discusses the contribution of mobile money to financial inclusion in Tanzania, specifically for rural and poor urban residents. It begins with background on Tanzania's financial system and how it has traditionally excluded many residents. While mobile phones are widespread in Tanzania, financial access is still limited, especially for rural and poor populations. The introduction of mobile money services starting in 2008 has the potential to expand access. However, the document aims to specifically measure the extent to which mobile money has helped include previously excluded groups and what benefits they have gained, such as access to deposits, loans, money transfers and transactions. It outlines the research objectives to analyze the degree of financial inclusion mobile money has provided for rural and poor urban Tanzanians.
The document discusses the opportunities for digital financial services (DFS) in Indonesia. It notes that over 100 million Indonesians are considered unbanked or underbanked and DFS has the potential to help reach these individuals. Case studies from India, Brazil, and Kenya demonstrate successful DFS models. Critical success factors for implementing DFS in Indonesia include support from both the private sector like banks and telecom companies as well as the public sector to develop infrastructure.
Outline: Tanzanian MFS Landscape: Current Status; Maximizing Opportunities in Tanzania; Mitigating Challenges and Risks in MFS in Tanzania; Pushing MFS to the next level in Tanzania; and Lesson for Africa: Key Take Homes.
Industry Presentation: eCommerce in Indonesia: Opportunities & Challengesdmg events Asia
In this session, Narendrata will share highlights about Indonesia's promising market for eCommerce, but also several challenges in infrastructure, logistics, payment, and also culture. Aside from the basics about entering Indonesia's eCommerce market, Narendrata will also talk about the prominent competition for eCommerce players and how to tackle these players.
Rwanda has made impressive progress towards financial inclusion and moving to a cashless economy. 89% of adults are financially included, with most using formal non-bank services like mobile money. Mobile money usage and agents have grown exponentially, while bank account ownership and ATM transactions have stagnated. The government is implementing initiatives to achieve 90% financial inclusion by 2020, including expanding access points, promoting digital payments through RSwitch, and providing government services digitally via the Irembo platform. Interoperability across banks, mobile money operators, SACCOs and MFIs is key to building an inclusive cashless payment system as envisioned in the national payment strategy.
Ericsson ConsumerLab: Mobile commerce in emerging marketsEricsson
This document summarizes a report by Ericsson ConsumerLab on attitudes toward mobile commerce (m-commerce) in emerging markets. The report is based on quantitative and qualitative research conducted between 2013-2014 including interviews with over 100 consumers and 47 merchants across 11 countries in Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Asia.
Key findings from the research include:
1) Urbanization is accelerating in emerging markets as many move from rural to urban areas. However, the majority of workers remain in the informal economy and have unstable incomes.
2) Paying with cash is common due to its convenience but carries risks, whereas mobile financial services offer potential benefits like speed, reduced risk, and financial inclusion for the un
This document summarizes a report by Ericsson ConsumerLab on attitudes toward mobile commerce (m-commerce) in emerging markets. The report is based on quantitative and qualitative research conducted between 2013-2014 including interviews with over 100 consumers and 47 merchants across 11 countries in Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Asia.
Key findings from the research include:
1) Urbanization is accelerating in emerging markets as many move from rural to urban areas. However, the majority of workers remain in the informal economy and have unstable incomes.
2) Paying with cash is common due to its convenience but carries risks, whereas mobile financial services offer potential benefits like speed, reduced risk, and financial inclusion for the un
Philippines has been slow off the marks when it comes to smartphone penetration and mobile internet usage but it's starting to catch up fast.
Our report looks at the trends among the feature phone and smartphone users in the country of 97 million people.
Similar to InterMedia-FII-Indonesia-QuickSights (20)
2. THE INDONESIA FII TRACKER SURVEY - DETAILS
Data collected
• Basic demographics
• Poverty measurement (Grameen
Progress Out of Poverty Index)
• Access/use of mobile devices
• Access/use of mobile money
• Access/use of formal financial
services (e.g., bank accounts)
• Access/use of semi-formal and
informal financial services (e.g.,
arisans (ROSCAs), cooperatives)
• Financial literacy and preparedness
• Technical literacy
INDONESIA
Survey summary
• Annual, nationally representative
survey (N=6,000) of Indonesian
individuals aged 15+
• Face-to-face interviews lasting on
average, upwards of 75 minutes
• First survey (year 1) conducted
from 8/3/2014 to 11/12/2014
• Provides baseline measurements;
subsequent annual surveys will
measure trends and track market
developments in DFS
3. INDONESIA
Survey demographics
Figures are weighted to reflect national census data demographics.
Source: InterMedia Indonesia FII Tracker survey (N=6,000 15+) August-November 2014.
Demographic % of Survey
(N=6,000)
Male 49%
Female 51%
Urban 53%
Rural 47%
Above the $2.50/day poverty line 36%
Below the $2.50/day poverty line 64%
Ages 15-24 23%
Ages 25-34 23%
Ages 35-44 21%
Ages 45-54 16%
Ages 55+ 18%
4. NOTABLE STATISTICS
• Indonesians use some combination of banks and nonbank financial institutions (NBFIs) as a means to
accessing financial services. They do not use mobile money.
o Nearly half (49%) of Indonesian adults have accessed financial services through either a bank or NBFI.
o Seventeen percent have exclusively used banks, 20% have used NBFIs, and 12% have used both.
o A combined 29% have used banks and close to one in four (22%) are account holders. One in five (19%) are active bank
account holders.
o Five percent of Indonesians have accounts with NBFIs such as rural credit banks and cooperatives or venturas.
o Arisans are the most widely used NBFI at 22%, but are not an account-offering medium for accessing financial services.
• Bank, NBFI and combined users vary by gender, region and income levels.
o Those who have only ever used banks are predominantly male, urban dwellers and those living above the poverty line.
o The demographics of NBFI-only users are the opposite of bank-only users. They are predominantly female, rural dwellers and
those living below the poverty line.
o Individuals having accessed both banks and NBFIs are predominantly female, urban dwellers and those living above the
poverty line.
o The NBFI-only subgroup has the smallest gap between urban and rural use.
INDONESIA
5. NOTABLE STATISTICS
• Financial activities of bank and arisan users are mostly basic uses.
o More than half of either group had purchased groceries, paid bills, or made person-to-person transfers in the prior month.
o Active bank users were more likely (9%) to have received government benefits in the last month than were arisan users (7%).
• Indonesians are largely unaware of the concept of mobile money, and providers.
o Only 3% know what the concept of mobile money is.
o Just 6% of adult Indonesians have heard of at least one mobile money provider, and most of those only know of one of the
marketplace providers. Virtually no one (<1%) is aware of more than two of the marketplace providers.
o Among those aware, XL Tunai (38%) and T-Cash (37%) are the most widely known providers of mobile money. E-Cash and
Dompetku are third and fourth, respectively.
o Mass media, word-of-mouth, and provider-led targeted communications are the primary drivers of mobile money awareness.
• Nearly one-quarter of the adult population has digital access to financial services; it is almost entirely
through banks.
o Ninety-six percent of those with digital access to financial services only have it through banks.
o The majority of active digital bank account holders have access to ATMs and can transfer money digitally. Forty-five percent
can access their bank accounts through mobile phones or the internet.
INDONESIA
6. INDONESIA
49%
29%
22%
19%
0.1% 0.1% 0.1%
32%
27%
Total Access
(ever used)
Ever used a
bank account
Bank account
holders
Active bank
account
holders
Ever used
mobile money
Registered
MM account
holders
Active
registered
MM account
holders
Ever used an
NBFI
Active use of
NBFI
Bank, mobile money (MM) and nonbank financial institution (NBFI)* access and use
(Shown: Percentage of Indonesian adults who fall into each category, N=6,000)
Source: InterMedia Indonesia FII Tracker survey (N=6,000, 15+) August-November 2014.
Indonesian financial access is driven by traditional banks and NBFIs,
not mobile money
Mobile moneyBanks NBFIs
*We recognize that in the Indonesian context, less formalized modes of financial access (arisans, money guards) are
viewed as distinct from more formalized institutions (post offices, pawn shops), and rural credit banks are yet another
category, often included in “banks.” However, in this report these have all been included in the “NBFI” subgroup.
7. There are three streams of financial services consumers: bank, NBFI, and
both
17% 12% 20% 51%
INDONESIA
Bank Only Both NBFI Only Neither
Those who have ever used banks, nonbank financial institutions, or both
(Percentage of Indonesian adults, N=6,000)
Source: InterMedia Indonesia FII Tracker survey (N=6,000, 15+) August-November 2014.
70%
30%
46%
54%
60%
40%
45%
55%
42%
58%
29%
71%
69%
31%
59%
41%
58%
42%
Urban
Rural
Male
Female
Above
Poverty
Below
Poverty
8. INDONESIA
Main FSP Indicator % Base n
Base
Definition
Adults (15+) who have active digital stored-value accounts 18 6,000 All adults
Poor adults (15+) who have active digital stored-value accounts 9 3,761 All poor
Rural women (15+ ) who have active digital stored-value accounts 8 1,712 All rural females
Adults (15+) who have active digital stored-value accounts and use
them to access other financial services (beyond basic wallet, P2P, and
bill pay)
11 6,000 All adults
Poor adults (15+) who have active digital stored-value accounts and
use them to access other financial services (beyond basic wallet, P2P,
and bill pay)
5 3,761 All poor
Rural women (15+) who have active digital stored-value accounts and
use them to access other financial services (beyond basic wallet, P2P,
and bill pay)
4 1,712 All rural females
Source: InterMedia Indonesia FII Tracker survey (N=6,000, 15+) August-November 2014.
Close to one in five Indonesian adults have active digital stored-value
accounts; rural females and those below the poverty line lag
9. 3%
97%
Aware Unaware
6%
94%
Aware Unaware
INDONESIA
Awareness of mobile money as a concept is especially low, driven
by provider knowledge
Among those aware
• 100% are aware of at
least one mobile money
provider
• 2% have used mobile
money
• 2% have registered
mobile money accounts
Among those aware
• 48% are aware of the
concept of mobile
money
• 1% have used mobile
money
• 1% have registered
mobile money accounts
(Shown: Percentage of Indonesian adults, N=6,000) (Shown: Percentage of Indonesian adults, N=6,000)
Categories are not mutually exclusive.
Source: InterMedia Indonesia FII Tracker survey (N=6,000, 15+) August-November 2014.
Concept awareness
(Recognize concept of mobile money)
Brand awareness
(Recognize at least one mobile money provider)
10. INDONESIA
6% 6% 6%
8%
3%
10%
3%
Total Population
(N=6,000)
Male
(n=2,367)
Female
(n=3,633)
Urban
(n=3,160)
Rural
(n=2,840)
Above poverty line
(n=2,239)
Below poverty line
(n=3,761)
Demographics of mobile-money provider awareness
(Shown: Percentage of Indonesian adults who fall into each category, N=6,000)
Urban and above poverty individuals are most likely to have
heard of a mobile money provider
Source: InterMedia Indonesia FII Tracker survey (N=6,000, 15+) August-November 2014.
11. INDONESIA
Mobile money awareness comes from a collection of sources, including
mass media, targeted communications and word-of-mouth
“From which source of information did you first learn about this mobile money
service?”
Rank
Top 4 initial sources
(% of individuals aware of a mobile money provider)
%
(n=309)
Television 31
Family and/or friends 21
Billboards 19
SMS alerts from providers 10
1
2
3
4
Question allowed multiple responses.
Source: InterMedia Indonesia FII Tracker survey (N=6,000, 15+) August-November 2014.
12. INDONESIA
2%
6%
10%
24%
29%
37%
38%
Other
Go Cash
Mo Cash
Dompetku
E Cash
T-Cash
XL Tunai
Mobile-money provider awareness
(Shown: Percentage of Indonesians aware of at least one mobile money provider, n=309)
Consumer awareness does not extend beyond one provider for
most, even though multiple providers exist in the marketplace
Question allowed multiple responses.
Source: InterMedia Indonesia FII Tracker survey (N=6,000, 15+) August-November 2014.
• 71% of this group is aware of just
one provider.
• 19% are aware of two.
• 10% are aware of more than two.
13. INDONESIA
Top uses for Active Bank accounts
(n=1,100)
%
Basic Uses
Withdraw money 91
Deposit money 66
P2P transfers 32
Buy airtime 7
Advanced Uses
Save/set aside money 36
Receive wages 32
Make Bank2Bank / Bank2FI/ Bank to MM transfer 23
Bill pay 10
Pay for goods at a store/shop 10
Loan activity 8
Insurance activity 6
Receive G2P payments 6
Nearly two-thirds of active bank account holders have used their accounts to
conduct at least one of a variety of advanced uses
Question allowed multiple responses.
Source: InterMedia Indonesia FII Tracker survey (N=6,000, 15+) August-November 2014.
• 98% have used at least
one basic function.
• 70% have used two or
more.
• 64% have used at least
one basic function.
• 37% have used two or
more.
14. Nearly one-quarter of Indonesians can access a bank account digitally; the
majority are active account users
71%
24%
5%
45%
60%
99%
Can access bank via internet or
mobile
Can transfer money digitally
Have ATM/ debit card or credit
card
INDONESIA
Active digital account holders
(18%) use a variety of
methods
*Question allowed for multiple responses.
* Digital bank accounts offer at least one of the following options: debit/ATM or credit cards, internet or mobile access, or a digital money
transfer capability.
Digital bank account access*
(Total population, N=6,000)
Method of access
(Shown: Active digital bank account holders, n=1,050)
Source: InterMedia Indonesia FII Tracker survey (N=6,000, 15+) August-November 2014.
15. Digital access to bank accounts is prevalent even in rural areas and among
below-poverty populations through ATMs
96%
90%
95%
93%
96%
91%
62%
44%
57% 58%
62%
47%
44%
38%
44%
41%
46%
35%
Urban
(n=813)
Rural
(n=237)
Male
(n=505)
Female
(n=545)
Above poverty
(n=744)
Below poverty
(n=306)
ATM/Credit Card Digital Transfers Mobile/Internet
INDONESIA
Demographics of active bank account holders with digital access
(Shown: Percentage of active bank account holders by demographic)
Source: InterMedia Indonesia FII Tracker survey (N=6,000, 15+) August-November 2014.
16. Arisans are the most commonly used nonbank financial institution; digital
access is limited among NBFIs
0.3%
2%
2%
2%
3%
3%
4%
6%
22%
Digital or recharge card (i.e. flazz, toll)
unattached to a bank or MFI account
Money lender
Other
Rural credit bank
Post office bank
Money guard
Pawnshop
Cooperative (BMT, Credit Union, KSP)/
Ventura
Arisan or other informal saving network
INDONESIA
• 32% of adult Indonesians have used a
nonbank financial institution.
• 15% of individuals who use institutions
with potential for digital access of
financial services (n=812) report having
digital access.
Source: InterMedia Indonesia FII Tracker survey (N=6,000, 15+) August-November 2014.
Use of informal and nonbank financial institutions
(Shown: Percentage of Indonesian adults, N=6,000)
17. Bank account holders who also use NBFIs are more apt to use digitally
accessible NBFIs
1.0%
5%
6%
7%
9%
9%
12%
18%
69%
Digital card (i.e. flazz, toll) unattached to
a bank, MFI account
Money lender
Other
Rural credit bank
Post office bank
Money guard
Pawn shop
Cooperative / Ventura
Arisan
INDONESIA
Source: InterMedia Indonesia FII Tracker survey (N=6,000, 15+) August-November 2014.
Use of informal and nonbank financial institutions
(Shown: Percentage of Indonesian adults to have ever used, n=2,055)
2%
5%
7%
8%
8%
14%
16%
21%
63%
Digital card unattached to bank, MFI
Money lender
Post office bank
Money guard
Other
Rural credit bank
Pawn shop
Cooperative/Ventura
Arisan
Form of NBFI use by those who have ever used
both a bank and an NBFI
(n=748)
Offer digital
access to
accounts
18. Arisan users’ financial behaviors resemble those of bank account users
and are focused on basic services
INDONESIA
15% are active arisan users
but not active bank account
users
5%
actively
use both
16% are active bank account
users but not active arisan
users
Five most common financial behaviors of active arisan, bank account users
(Shown: Percentage of active arisan users or bank account holders to have engaged in a financial activity
in the month prior to being interviewed)
Rank Active Arisan Users (n=1,352) % Active Bank Account Users (n=1,289) %
1 Pay bills 91 Purchase groceries 83
2 Purchase groceries 83 Pay bills 80
3 Receive wages from job(s) 58 Purchase airtime 79
4
Make person-to-person (P2P)
transfers
57 Withdraw money from an account 71
5 Purchase airtime 57 Receive wages 61
Source: InterMedia Indonesia FII Tracker survey (N=6,000, 15+) August-November 2014.
56% of active bank account users made P2P transfers in the previous
month.
19. On average, Indonesians conduct 10 financial activities a month; buying
groceries, retail goods and bill pay are most common
1%
3%
7%
13%
23%
24%
42%
53%
56%
60%
81%
81%
Make large acquisitions
Insurance activities
Receive benefits from the government (G2P)
Loan activities
Deposit money into an account
Withdraw money from an account
Make a purchase at a retail store
Receive wages from primary or secondary job
P2P
Purchase airtime
Pay bills
Buy groceries
INDONESIA
Persons reporting receiving government
benefits in the past month are
predominantly rural (56%); age and gender
are not factors.
Indonesians financial activities in the previous month
(Shown: Percentage of Indonesian adults, N=6,000)
Question allowed multiple responses.
Source: InterMedia Indonesia FII Tracker survey (N=6,000, 15+) August-November 2014.
• All have engaged in at least
one of these activities.
• 89% have engaged in three
or more.
• 71% have engaged in four or
more.
20. Twelve percent of adults receive government benefits
88%
12%
Non-G2P recipients G2P recipients
4%
7%
8%
9%
10%
18%
42%
Fertilizer subsidies
PNPM
PKH
Other
BPJS
BSM
BLT
INDONESIA
Recipients of government benefits*
(Shown: Percentage of Indonesian adults, N=6,000)
Government benefits received by program*
(Shown: Percentage of adults receiving government
benefits, n=755)
Source: InterMedia Indonesia FII Tracker survey (N=6,000, 15+) August-November 2014.
Question allowed for multiple responses
*Recipients may not have picked up their benefits in the
previous month – explaining discrepancies between this
and the previous slide.
BLT: Bantuan Langsung Tunai
BSM: Bantuan Siswa Miskin
BPJS: Badan Penyenggara Jaminan Soaial
PKH: Program Keluarga Harapan
PNPM: Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Mandiri
*Depending on the program, either an entire household
or an individual is the beneficiary.
21. GLOSSARY OF TERMS
• Access - Access to a bank account or mobile money account means a respondent can use bank/mobile money services either via their own
account or via an account of another person.
• Active account holder – An individual who has a registered DFS account and has used it in the last 90 days.
• Active user – An individual who has used any DFS for any type of transaction in the past 90 days via his/her own account or somebody
else’s account.
• Adults with DFS Access – Adults who either own a DFS account or have access to someone else’s account.
• Arisan – A rotating savings and credit association (similar to a ROSCA). This is an informal structure whose members meet regularly. Each
member contributes the same amount of money when they meet and one member takes the entire pot of money, on a rotating basis.
• Below the Poverty Line - In this particular study, adults living on less than $2.50 per day, as classified by the Grameen PPI.
• Digital financial services (DFS) – Financial services that are provided through an electronic platform (mobile phones, electronic cards, the
internet, etc.). For this particular study, digital financial services include bank services and mobile money services.
• Digital stored-value account (DSVA) – An account in which funds or a monetary value are represented in a digital electronic format and
can be retrieved/transferred by the owner of the account remotely. For this particular study, DSVAs include a bank card (debit or credit) and
a mobile money account.
• Financial inclusion—For the purposes of this study, those with a bank, nonbank financial institution or registered mobile money
account that offer a range of financial services beyond credit are considered financially included.
• Grameen Progress out of Poverty Index (PPI) – A poverty measurement tool from the Grameen Foundation wherein a set of
country-specific questions are used to compute the likelihood that a household is living below the poverty line.
• Mobile money (MM) – A service in which a mobile phone is used to access financial services.
• Registered active user – A person with a registered DFS account that has used it in the last 90 days.
• Urban/rural – Urban and rural persons are defined according to their residence in urban or rural areas as prescribed by the national bureau
of statistics.
22. For more information, contact:
Nat Kretchun, FII Asia Lead
KretchunN@InterMedia.org
Caldwell Bishop, FII Program Assistant
Bishopc@InterMedia.org