2. KEY DEFINITIONS
• Access – Access to a bank account or mobile money account means a respondent can use bank/mobile money services either via their own
account or via an account of another person.
• Active account holder – An individual who has a registered DFS account and has used it in the last 90 days.
• Active user – An individual who has used any DFS for any type of transaction in the past 90 days via his/her own account or somebody
else’s account.
• Adults with DFS access – Adults who either own a DFS account or have access to someone else’s account.
• Arisan – Informal rotating credit savings group.
• Below the poverty line – In this particular study, adults living on less than $2.50 per day, as classified by the Grameen PPI.
• Credit-only financial institutions – financial institutions that only offer loan disbursement services to their customers.
• Digital financial services (DFS) – Financial services provided through an electronic platform (mobile phones, electronic cards, the internet,
etc.). For this particular study, digital financial services include bank services and mobile money services.
• Grameen Progress out of Poverty Index (PPI) – A poverty measurement tool from the Grameen Foundation wherein a set of
country-specific questions are used to compute the likelihood that a household is living below the poverty line.
• Financially included – Individuals who have registered for a financial service account with a full-service financial institution.
• Full-service institutions – A financial institution that offers customers at least one of the following services: savings, money transfers,
insurance or investments.
• Mobile money (MM) – A service in which a mobile phone is used to access financial services.
• Mobile-money value-added services –Individually branded service products offered by mobile money providers in addition to or along
with their basic mobile money services.
• Registered active user – A person with a registered DFS account that has used it in the last 90 days.
• Services beyond basic wallet – DFS transactions that go beyond simple deposits, withdrawals or money transfers.
• Urban/rural – Urban and rural persons are defined according to their residence in urban or rural areas as prescribed by the national bureau
of statistics.
2
3. • Banks and arisans continued to dominate the financial services landscape in 2015.
o Banks remain the most widely used financial service institutions; 27 percent of adults
have used a bank and 22 percent of adults are active users, having used their account
in the past 90 days.
o Among semi-formal and informal financial services, arisans (informal rotating credit
savings groups) are still the most commonly used financial service. Just over one-
quarter of adults use arisans, most of whom do not use bank accounts.
o Combined, nearly half the population use banks and arisans, and those products serve
distinct groups. Most users opt to only use one of the two types of services.
• Mobile money awareness and use are on the rise.
o Awareness of mobile money providers is a first step to building toward usage, and
awareness grew by 2 percent since 2014. Awareness grew the most among urban and
above poverty populations.
o Mobile money use increased from 0.1 percent to 0.4 percent. While still a very small
proportion of the population, this suggests that increased awareness may be starting
to translate to increased use.
o There remains a lack of specific knowledge about how mobile money services work.
Key to converting more awareness into usage will be building knowledge around what
mobile money services exist, and how to open an account.
o Near universal basic literacy and numeracy mean that these are not barriers to mobile
money uptake. In some countries, the population’s reading and numeracy limitations
hinder adoption.
INDONESIA
Notable statistics
24%
have
financial
accounts
3% have a
nonbank financial
institution account
23% have a
bank account
0.3% have a
registered mobile
money account
2015: Registered financial services users*
(Shown: Percentage of Indonesian adults, N=6,060)
*Overlap representing those who have multiple kinds of financial accounts is not shown.
3
Source: InterMedia Indonesia FII Tracker surveys Wave 1 (N=6,000, 15+), August-November 2014; Wave 2 (N=6,060, 15+), August-November 2015.
4. 3%
23%
0.3%
24%
4%
20%
0.1%
23%
Nonbank financial
institution
Bank
Mobile money
Any financial service
2%
22%
0.2%
23%
3%
19%
0.1%
21%
Nonbank financial
institution
Bank
Mobile money
Any financial service
7%
27%
0.4%
31%
4%
26%
0.1%
28%
Nonbank financial
institution
Bank
Mobile money
Any financial service
INDONESIA
At-a-glance: Bank accounts continue to be the primary means of financial
access
Financial account access Registered financial service users
(Shown: Percentage of Indonesian adults for each year)
Active financial account holders*
Types of account ownership are not mutually exclusive. *A registered account used in the last 90 days.
4
2014 (N=6,000) 2015 (N=6,060)
Source: InterMedia Indonesia FII Tracker surveys Wave 1 (N=6,000, 15+), August-November 2014; Wave 2 (N=6,060, 15+), August-November 2015.
5. Survey Summary
• Annual, nationally representative survey (N=6,060) of Indonesian adults aged 15+
• Face-to-face interviews lasting, on average, 83 minutes.
• Second survey (wave 2) conducted from 8/2/2015 to 11/15/2015
• Tracks trends and market developments in DFS based on the information gathered in the first survey,
conducted in 2014
Data Collection
• Basic demographics and poverty measurement (Grameen Progress Out of Poverty Index)
• Access/use of mobile devices
• Access/use of mobile money
• Access/use of formal financial services (e.g., bank accounts)
• Access/use of semi-formal and informal financial services (e.g., microfinance institutions, cooperatives, village
savings groups)
• Financial literacy and preparedness
• General financial behaviors
INDONESIA
FII Indonesia Tracker Survey details
5
6. INDONESIA
% of survey % of survey
Gender Age
Male 49% 15-24 22%
Female 51% 25-34 22%
Geography 35-44 21%
Urban 52% 45-54 16%
Rural 48% 55+ 18%
Income Aptitude
Above the $2.50/day
poverty line
40% Basic literacy 95%
Below the $2.50/day
poverty line
60% Basic numeracy 98%
Survey demographics
Figures are weighted to reflect national census data demographics.
6
Source: InterMedia Indonesia FII Tracker survey Wave 2 (N=6,060, 15+), August-November 2015.
7. 7%
27%
0.4%
31%
4%
26%
0.1%
28%
Nonbank financial institution
Bank
Mobile money
Any financial service
INDONESIA
Access to financial services
(Shown: Percentage of Indonesian adults for each year)
More Indonesians are accessing financial services vs. 2014
Types of accounts are not mutually exclusive.
7
2014 (N=6,000) 2015 (N=6,060)
Source: InterMedia Indonesia FII Tracker surveys Wave 1 (N=6,000, 15+), August-November 2014; Wave 2 (N=6,060, 15+), August-November 2015.
8. 3%
23%
0.3%
24%
4%
20%
0.1%
23%
Nonbank financial institution
Bank
Mobile money
Any financial service
INDONESIA
More Indonesians now have registered accounts and most are bank accounts
8
Types of accounts are not mutually exclusive.
2014 (N=6,000) 2015 (N=6,060)
Registered financial service users
(Shown: Percentage of Indonesian adults for each year)
Source: InterMedia Indonesia FII Tracker surveys Wave 1 (N=6,000, 15+), August-November 2014; Wave 2 (N=6,060, 15+), August-November 2015.
9. 75%
95%
93%
81%
92%
91%
Nonbank financial institution
Bank
Mobile money
Any financial service
INDONESIA
Registered account holders are mostly active account users
Active financial account holders
(Shown: Percentage of Indonesian adults)
9
Active financial account holders
(Shown: Percentage of registered users for each type of account, by year)
Types of accounts are not mutually exclusive.
2014 20152014 (N=6,000) 2015 (N=6,060)
2%
22%
0.2%
23%
3%
19%
0.1%
21%
Nonbank financial institution
Bank
Mobile money
Any financial service
Source: InterMedia Indonesia FII Tracker surveys Wave 1 (N=6,000, 15+), August-November 2014; Wave 2 (N=6,060, 15+), August-November 2015.
2014 & 2015: Bases (n) too small for further analysis.
Any financial service
Bank
Mobile money
Nonbank financial institution
10. INDONESIA
Bank uses, by type
(Shown: Percentage of active bank account holders)
10
Due to the changes in the questionnaire some data points may not be directly comparable across years.
*The number of registered mobile money users is too low to draw conclusions.
Active bank account holders are increasingly using their accounts for
advanced activities
28%
14%
6%
8%
65%
77%
2014 (n=1,100)
2015 (n=1,291)
Basic activities and P2P only
At least one advanced activity
(i.e., bill pay, loan activities)
Basic activities only
(CICO and account management)
Source: InterMedia Indonesia FII Tracker surveys Wave 1 (N=6,000, 15+), August-November 2014; Wave 2 (N=6,060, 15+), August-November 2015.
11. 12%
12%
19%
22%
25%
31%
37%
0.1%
0.0%
0.4%
0.2%
0.1%
0.5%
0.4%
1%
1%
2%
2%
2%
3%
3%
12%
13%
20%
23%
26%
32%
38%
Below poverty line (n=3,598)
Rural (n=2,850)
Females (n=3,708)
Total population (N=6,060)
Males (n=2,352)
Urban (n=3,210)
Above poverty line (n=2,462)
INDONESIA
2015: Active account usage by demographic
(Shown: Percentage of each subgroup)
There are pronounced income and geographic disparities for active account
use; lower income, rural users are much less likely to be active account holders
11
Largest gap in
active financial
account
holdings
Types of accounts are not mutually exclusive.
Active mobile money account holders Active NBFI account holdersActive bank account holders All active financial account
holders
Source: InterMedia Indonesia FII Tracker survey Wave 2 (N=6,060, 15+), August-November 2015.
12. Indonesians know of at least one point-of-service in their area; very few know
of any mobile money agent locations
INDONESIA
2015: Proximity to points-of-service (POS) for financial institutions
(Shown: Percentage of Indonesian adults N=6,060)
68%
51%
0.9%
3%
28%
32%
9%
12%
16%
5%
1% 2%
34%
32%
22% 21%
12%
4%
2% 2%
30%
27%
22%
20%
4%
40%
8%
10%
47% 47%
Any POS* Informal group MM agent Retail store with an
MM agent
Bank branch ATM BPR** Cooperative
12
1-5 kms from home More than 5 kms from homeLess than 1 km from home Don’t know
*POS includes post office banks and pawnshop; not shown. **A BPR (Bank Perkreditan Rakyat) is a rural credit bank.
Source: InterMedia Indonesia FII Tracker survey Wave 2 (N=6,060, 15+), August-November 2015.
13. INDONESIA
2015: Key indicators of preparedness for digital financial services
(Shown: Percentage of Indonesian adults, N=6,060)
68% 62% 63% 96% 99% 76%
79%
Have access to
a mobile phone
69%
Ever send/receive
text messages
98%
Have basic
numeracy
99%
Have
the
necessary
ID*
62%
Own a
SIM card
62%
Own a
mobile phone
13
Experience with text messaging and basic numeracy are advantageous to
furthering digital financial services use
*Identification documents (ID) necessary for registering a mobile money or a bank account include one of the following: a National ID, passport, voter’s card,
driver’s license, company or government ID, birth certificate or school ID.
;
2014
(N=6,000)
Source: InterMedia Indonesia FII Tracker surveys Wave 1 (N=6,000, 15+), August-November 2014; Wave 2 (N=6,060, 15+), August-November 2015.
14. MM OTC
use, 0.1%
MM
registered
users, 0.3%
INDONESIA
14
Conversion from awareness of mobile money (MM)
providers* to mobile money use
(Shown: Percentage of Indonesian adults for each year)
2014 (N=6,000) 2015 (N=6,060)
MM
registered
users, 0.1%
0.01
conversion
rate
More Indonesians now know of mobile money vs. 2014, which may be
translating to increased use
6%
aware
*Awareness of at least one mobile money provider.
0.1% use
mobile
money
0.06
conversion
rate
8%
aware
0.4% use
mobile
money
Source: InterMedia Indonesia FII Tracker surveys Wave 1 (N=6,000, 15+), August-November 2014; Wave 2 (N=6,060, 15+), August-November 2015.
15. INDONESIA
6% 6% 6%
8%
3%
10%
3%
8%
9%
8%
13%
3%
14%
4%
Total population Male Female Urban Rural Above poverty line Below poverty line
Demographic trends for mobile money aware
(Shown: Percentage of Indonesian adults who fall into each category)
The greatest increases in mobile money awareness are within urban and
above-poverty populations
15
Source: InterMedia Indonesia FII Tracker surveys Wave 1 (N=6,000, 15+), August-November 2014; Wave 2 (N=6,060, 15+), August-November 2015.
2014 (N=6,000) 2015 (N=6,060)
16. 11%
12%
26%
28%
37%
39%
45%
51%
Not previously included
10%
29%
Not previously included
New market entrant
24%
37%
38%
Skye
Mo cash
ECash
BBM Money
Rekening Ponsel
Dompetku
T-Cash
XL Tunai
INDONESIA
Nearly all mobile money providers enjoy greater consumer awareness vs.
2014
Mobile money provider awareness by brand
(Shown: Percentage of adults aware of at least one mobile money provider, by year)
16
2014 (n=309) 2015 (n=426)
Source: InterMedia Indonesia FII Tracker surveys Wave 1 (N=6,000, 15+), August-November 2014; Wave 2 (N=6,060, 15+), August-November 2015.
17. INDONESIA
Consumers still lack substantive knowledge about mobile money, even
though provider awareness has grown
17
Top reasons mobile money aware do not use mobile money (MM)
(Shown: Percentage of MM aware that don’t use, by year)
4%
14%
16%
18%
28%
8%
12%
9%
14%
27%
I never have money to make transactions
with the service
I don't need one, I don't make any
transactions
I don't understand the service's use
I don't know how to open one
I don't know what it is
Question allowed for multiple responses.
Source: InterMedia Indonesia FII Tracker survey Wave 2 (N=6,060, 15+), August-November 2015.
2014 (n=305) 2015 (n=401)
18. INDONESIA
20%
24%
17%
29%
11%
37%
11%
23% 26%
20%
33%
13%
39%
13%
Total Population Male Female Urban Rural Above Poverty Line Below Poverty Line
Demographic trends for registered bank account use
(Shown: Percentage of Indonesian adults who fall into each category)
Bank account ownership increased in nearly all demographic groups
18
Source: InterMedia Indonesia FII Tracker surveys Wave 1 (N=6,000, 15+), August-November 2014; Wave 2 (N=6,060, 15+), August-November 2015.
2014 (N=6,000) 2015 (N=6,060)
19. 50%
36%
31%
14%
9%
7%
5%
4%
2%
INDONESIA
Insurance activity
Save/set aside money
Bill pay
Receive wages
Loan activity
Make bank2bank transfers
Receive G2P payments
Pay for goods at a store
Pay for large acquisitions
2015: Advanced bank account uses
(Shown: Percentage of active bank account holders, n=1,291)
19
Saving or setting aside money, and transfers between bank accounts are
the most common account uses for active bank account holders
77%
of active registered
users have used at
least one
advanced function
through their
accounts
(vs. 65% in 2014)
Due to the changes in the questionnaire some data points may not be directly comparable across years.
Question allowed for multiple responses.
Source: InterMedia Indonesia FII Tracker surveys Wave 1 (N=6,000, 15+), August-November 2014; Wave 2 (N=6,060, 15+), August-November 2015.
20. INDONESIA
Informal savings groups and banks serve distinct groups; informal savings
groups primarily serve female, rural and poor populations
2015: Demographics of savings groups users, who do not
use banks
(Shown: Percentage of savings groups users not using banks, n=1,494)
2015: Demographics of bank users who do not use savings
groups
(Shown: Percentage of bank users not using savings groups, n=946)
20
Female
Rural
Below $2.50/day
poverty line
Below $1.25/day
poverty line
Iliterate
5%
14%
70%
61%
60%
1%
3%
36%
24%
42%
Source: InterMedia Indonesia FII Tracker survey Wave 2 (N=6,060, 15+), August-November 2015.
Half of all adults use
either a savings
group or a bank, but
just 11% use both.
21. INDONESIA
Digital stored-value accounts: accounts in which a monetary value is represented in a digital electronic format and can be retrieved/transferred by the account
owner remotely. For this particular study, DSVAs include a bank account or NBFI account with digital access (a card, online access or a mobile phone
application) and a mobile money account.
21
Main FSP Indicator
2014 2015
Base Definition
% %
Base n Base n
Adults (15+) who have active digital stored-value accounts
18% 22%
All adults
6,000 6,060
Poor adults (15+) who have active digital stored-value accounts
9% 12%
All poor
3,761 3,598
Rural women (15+ ) who have active digital stored-value accounts
8% 10%
All rural females
1,712 1,716
Adults (15+) who have active digital stored-value accounts and use them to access
other financial services (beyond basic wallet, P2P and bill pay)*
11% 17%
All adults
6,000 6,060
Poor adults (15+) who have active digital stored-value accounts and use them to
access other financial services (beyond basic wallet, P2P and bill pay)
5% 8%
All poor
3,761 3,598
Rural women (15+) who have active digital stored-value accounts and use them to
access other financial services (beyond basic wallet, P2P and bill pay)
4% 6%
All rural females
1,712 1,716
Account ownership is increasing, use of accounts for more advanced
functions also grew between 2014 and 2015
Source: InterMedia Indonesia FII Tracker surveys Wave 1 (N=6,000, 15+) August-November 2014; Wave 3 (N=6,060, 15+), August-November 2015.
22. For more information, contact:
Nat Kretchun, FII Asia Lead
KretchunN@InterMedia.org
Caldwell Bishop, Research Manager
BishopC@InterMedia.org
