2. ???... WHY ???... WHAT ???... HOW review the related primary literature identify - the areas that need to be developed further - some addressable open questions
3. ???... WHY ???... WHAT ???... HOW review the related primary literature identify - the areas that need to be developed further - some addressable open questions introduction to - search strategies - preparing a bibliography - maintaining a reference library - reading and critically evaluating the literature - writing a review
4. ???... WHY ???... WHAT ???... HOW review the related primary literature identify - the areas that need to be developed further - some addressable open questions introduction to - search strategies - preparing a bibliography - maintaining a reference library - reading and critically evaluating the literature - writing a review
5. ???... WHY ???... WHAT ???... HOW natural selection physical adaptations behavioral adaptations
6. ???... WHY ???... WHAT ???... HOW natural selection physical adaptations behavioral adaptations morphological trait selection physiological trait selection
7. ???... WHY ???... WHAT ???... HOW natural selection physical adaptations behavioral adaptations morphological trait selection physiological trait selection social structure social organization
8. minimally required area food distribution food density predation pressure ecological factors Schaik & Hooff, 1983
9. minimally required area feeding strategy food distribution food density anti- predation strategy predation pressure ecological factors behavioral responses Schaik & Hooff, 1983
10. minimally required area feeding strategy group cohesion food distribution food density group size anti- predation strategy predation pressure group characte-ristics ecological factors behavioral responses social structure Schaik & Hooff, 1983
11. minimally required area feeding strategy group cohesion food distribution group composition food density group size anti- predation strategy patterns in genetic relatedness predation pressure migration patterns group characte-ristics ecological factors behavioral responses social organization social structure Schaik & Hooff, 1983
12. minimally required area feeding strategy group cohesion food distribution group composition patterns in social behavior food density group size anti- predation strategy patterns in genetic relatedness predation pressure migration patterns group characte-ristics ecological factors behavioral responses social organization social organization social structure Schaik & Hooff, 1983
13. minimally required area feeding strategy group cohesion food distribution group composition patterns in social behavior food density group size anti- predation strategy patterns in genetic relatedness predation pressure migration patterns group characte-ristics ecological factors behavioral responses social organization social organization social structure Schaik & Hooff, 1983
14. ???... WHY ???... WHAT ???... HOW resource context contestability distribution clustered scattered visibility high low predictability low high social structure agonic hedonic
15. ???... WHY ???... WHAT ???... HOW high intragroup competition - male dispersal - female philopatry - matrilineal alliances - strong female hierarchies social structure agonic
16. ???... WHY ???... WHAT ???... HOW bonnet macaques
17. ???... WHY ???... WHAT ???... HOW major interactions - allogrooming - alloparenting / infant handling - reconciliation bonnet macaques
18. ???... WHY ???... WHAT ???... HOW ? bonnet macaques
19. Allogrooming Alloparenting Reconciliation - act of grooming and preening - removes ectoparasites and skincare - directed against dominance hierarchy adaptive evolutionary properties consequences forces
20. Allogrooming Alloparenting Reconciliation - kin selection and reciprocal altruism - future agonistic support adaptive evolutionary properties consequences forces
23. increased risk of predationadaptive evolutionary properties consequences forces
24.
25.
26.
27. form of reproductive competitionadaptive evolutionary properties consequences forces
28.
29. form of reproductive competitionadaptive evolutionary properties consequences forces most responsive females turn up good mothers
30.
31.
32.
33. Allogrooming Alloparenting Reconciliation relationship-repair model - reconciliation helps preserving social bonds benign-intent model - reconciliation helps achieving short term objectives (stability of social bonds adds to the fitness) adaptive evolutionary properties consequences forces
34.
35. signal for an allianceadaptive evolutionary properties consequences forces
36. Allogrooming Alloparenting Reconciliation expected to vary as a function of relationship, however, accessing value of a relationship difficult adaptive evolutionary properties consequences forces
38. THE RED HERRING large part of the studies done in captive groups; results might change dramatically in wild difficult to construct evolutionary history
39. THE RED HERRING large part of the studies done in captive groups; results might change dramatically in wild difficult to construct evolutionary history anthropomorphic interpretation of animal behavior may limit the usefulness of studies
40. THE RED HERRING large part of the studies done in captive groups; results might change dramatically in wild difficult to construct evolutionary history anthropomorphic interpretation of animal behavior may limit the usefulness of studies
41. ???... WHY ???... WHAT ???... HOW network connecting the interactions weak; need to be developed further a model to fit all these behaviors (from causes to consequences)
42. ???... WHY ???... WHAT ???... HOW network connecting the interactions weak; need to be developed further a model to fit all these behaviors (from causes to consequences) identification of missing links
43. ???... WHY ???... WHAT ???... HOW network connecting the interactions weak; need to be developed further a model to fit all these behaviors (from causes to consequences) identification of missing links
