1. INTELLIGENT LUMINANCE DETECTION SYSTEM OF THE HOTEL
CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Introduction
The proponent has observed many opportunities by automating the light effects
of the hotels and other commercial establishments that offer lodging, food, and other
services to the public. The increasing demand in intelligent automation to most
industries was observed in the past few years particularly in the lodging industry. It is
because of the transition to modernize their structure just to give all the needs of the
customers and to gain competitive advantage over their business rivals.
The root of building of most intelligent automations were explicitly patterned from
the Alan‟s Turing principle which was published in 1950, the “Computing Machinery and
Intelligence.” It is seminal paper on the topic of artificial intelligence in which the concept
of what is now known as the Turing Test. It was designed to provide a satisfactory
operational definition of intelligence. Rather than proposing a long and perhaps
controversial list of qualifications required for intelligence, Turing suggested a test
based on undistinguishability from undeniably intelligent entities-human beings.
Dr. Melquiades R, Hayag, Jr., considered the Alan Turing principle as he applied
in his thesis for Masters, The Deployment of Intelligent Automation in University of the
Immaculate Conception, Davao City and his dissertation ―Intelligent Automation for
1

2. Buildings: An Application of Artificial Intelligence Sensory Approach at St. Paul
University Philippines-Tuguegarao City.
Think of a building that thinks and anticipates situation of the environment on what is
going on. It would be amazing seeing doors open/close in its own as the situation demands.
The light in the receiving area dims or switches on/off depending on the need of the
occupant. The building call the attention of the occupant and the authorities as the intruder
breaks in. (Dr. Hayag, 2005)
The paragraph above was quoted from Dr. Hayag‟s discussion about different
applications of intelligent automation to society and people. Those were only few of the
different examples that could be happened through building intelligent systems. In his
research, he used relay and different types of sensors to run his robot and explicitly
followed the Turing principle.
The proponent decided to consider some of the functionality of Dr. Hayag‟s
project research and delimited specifically in developing an intelligent system wherein
luminance detection is the concern. It was just that the proponent had observed
problems at the hotels with regards to their lighting structures, that is why he obtained
and utilized some of the functionality, features and sensors in Dr. Hayag„s project
research. In a huge hotel scenario, the structure of lights was so complex, and mostly
they do not have intelligent application to ensure that these lights were properly used. If
there are lots of customers in the hotel, you need to monitor the proper lighting in most
common areas for customers where they are used to stay like (front-office/front desk,
bar, swimming pool, restaurants and lobby lounge, gym & casino, spa etc) to ensure
that these customers are comfortable with lights as they approach these areas.
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3. Additionally, without intelligent system to control and monitor the proper usage of these
artificial lights inside the hotel, the power bill increases.
The distribution of lights is very essential in a particular hotel, its quantity and
quality that would satisfy the needs of all concerned individuals. It should be well
planned for this is one way of persuading customers. Part of the plan in constructing the
artificial lights in the hotel should be to include the building of automation. This idea
triggered the proponent to have this study called Intelligent Luminance Detection
System of the Hotel. The sensors would be set-up at the said customers‟ common
areas inside the hotel to gather the data and store it in the database to track down the
previous and current activity of the sensors particularly the luminance, for any proper
action depending on the need of the customers. The system would detect the luminance
of these areas through the intelligent sensor devices. This is to monitor if the customers
who are in those areas are well lighted or not.
The proponent used the state of the art Java-based open architecture technology
wireless sensor network base device. It is a comprehensive sensor equipment by the
small wireless sensor network base device. In general, this kind of sensor is very
important in broad range of emerging technology applications.
The proponent strongly believe that if the hotels particularly in the Philippines
would adapt the technology such as this, they could minimize their expenses for they
would not employ many hotel staffs to monitor the lights, reduce power consumption
and avoid conflagration. It provides convenience in the part of the customers in which
one way or another would help them gain competitive advantage over the other existing
hotels.
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4. Theoretical/Conceptual Framework
Sun (SPOT) Data Luminance (Data)
Collector-Transmitter
Sun (SPOT) Data Knowledge Based
Receiver (PR)
Working Memory Search Unit
Conflict Resolver
Rule Firing Decision Making
Fig1. Production System Diagram (Theoretical Framework)
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5. This study was based on the principles of Production Systems
(Knowledge Based Architecture Enhanced) and the Cybernetic View of Cognition
that discusses the different mental states of cognition and their relationship a tool for
Artificial Intelligence (By: Dr. Melquiades R. Hayag, Jr. AI, Robotics, KBS, Intelligent
Automation Specialist) .
In the Production System Diagram, the data are based from the level of
luminance captured through the capability of the Sensor (Small Programmable Object
Technology -SPOT) by Sun Micro System as a device used. The captured data would
then be passed through the Working Memory. The data are being held in the WM to
match it with the data stored in the Knowledge Base through the Search Unit. If the
datum captured is matched with one of the data stored in the KB then it would be fired
after making the decision following the rule and adds new data item to WM or delete old
(unnecessary) data, as suggested by the fired rule from the WM.
In case that the datum captured, matches multiple data in the KB, the Conflict
Resolution Strategy is Specificity. The Refractoriness and the Recency cannot be
applied in this purpose. The Specificity is appropriate Conflict Resolution Strategy
considering that, for this study, only the exact and specific data should be matched and
this strategy requires this principle that the rule with more number of antecedent clauses
be fired than rules handling fewer antecedent clauses. Thus, this principle applies in this
study.
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6. INTELLIGENT LUMINANCE
DETECTION SYSTEM
Intelligent Interfaces
Hotel IT Staff
(Results Display in the Monitor)
Common Areas of
the Customers
within a Hotel
1. Front Desk
2. Bar
3. Swimming Pool
4. Restaurants
5. Lobby lounge
SUN (SPOT) 6. Gym
Data Receiver 7. Casino
8. Spa
9. Others
SUN (SPOT)
Data Collector-
Transmitter
Fig.2 System Implementation Diagram (Conceptual Framework)
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7. In this research, the Small Programmable Object Technology or SPOT of Sun
Microsystems is a wireless sensor used by the proponent. This technology would be
installed in the different areas inside the hotel where the customers are usually
spending their time like: (front-office/front desk, bar, swimming pool, restaurants and
lobby lounge, gym & casino, spa etc). The intelligent sensor would perceive the
luminance of the area if it is Deep Twilight, Twilight, Very Dark Day, Dark Day or
Abnormal, and the data would be sent to the server located in a secured and favorable
area of the hotel which is managed by the IT staff assigned by the Hotel Management.
Each of these states of luminance has a corresponding value stored in the database
(knowledge based and will be used following the production rules). The equivalent
action fired depends on the data sensed by the said sensor.
Statement of the Problem
This study aimed to create an intelligent based system that has a capability of
detecting the luminance of the different areas of the hotel through the use of a wireless
sensor device of Sun Miscrosystems, which is the Small Programmable Object
Technology or SPOT. The proponent is hoping to answer the following questions:
1. Is it possible that the SPOT or wireless sensor network- based device can
sense the luminance from the area it was installed?
2. Is it possible that SPOT or the wireless sensor network-based device can fire
action based from its collected data?
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8. 3. Is it possible that SPOT or wireless sensor network-based device can
handle decisions of data received from wireless transmissions without
human interventions?
Significance of the Study
This study is significant to the following:
The Hotel Management
The output of the research can really help the Hotel Management in a way
that they can not spend much of their money to employ additional number
of staffs to do the monitoring and checking of the lights all night and all
day long. It also removes the risk of conflagration or cause of burn/fire.
Additionally, it helps them to minimize the power consumption, thus, it
decreases their expenditures.
The Hotel Staff
The output of the research can also give benefits to the hotel staffs for this
can assist them check the usage of the artificial lights. It will intelligently
detect the luminance of the area which will give them information for them
to take proper action.
The Customers of the Hotel
Psychologically, the artificial lights have something to tell the people
compared to the natural lights. In the hotel, if these artificial lights are
properly installed and managed through intelligent system such as this
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9. project research, it simply gives them a comfortable atmosphere to stay
and relax.
Scope and Limitation
The study was to come up with an Intelligent Luminance Detection System of
the Hotel wherein the management was open to adapt the new technology. The
specific technologies used were Sun Small Programmable Object Technology
(SPOT) devices, network device, and computer technology (both software and
hardware). This study was delimited to a prototype that is a replica of An Application of
Artificial Intelligence Sensory.
The prototype implementation was further Limited to the following:
1. SPOT Light Sensor – detecting and calculating luminance light of the artificial lights.
2. Simulated System of packet transmission over TCP/IP – the application
software that handles the packet received bytes to readable data from Sun
SPOT Environmental Data Collector Robot and Computes real-time luminance
states.
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10. Definition of Terms
The following terms were defined theoretically and operationally as used in
this study.
Algorithm - A step-by-step problem solving procedure, especially an established,
recursive computational procedure for solving a problem in a finite number
of steps. (http://www.answers.com)
Application - A set of files that make up the software for the user.
Candela-is the SI base unit of luminous intensity; that is, power emitted by a light source
in a particular direction, weighted by the luminosity function (a standardized
model of the sensitivity of the human eye to different wavelengths, also
known as the luminous efficiency function. A common candle emits light
with a luminous intensity of roughly one candela. If emission in some
directions is blocked by an opaque barrier, the emission would still be
approximately one candela in the directions that are not obscured.
Desktop Computer- A single-user computer, it typically refers to a PC or Mac, but may
also refer to a workstation from Sun, IBM, etc. Also called "client computer"
or "client" or simply a "desktop," the term implies stationary use,
whether it resides on the top of the desk or under the desk in a tower case.
Luminance - is a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light
travelling in a given direction. It describes the amount of light that passes
through or is emitted from a particular area, and falls within a given solid
angle.
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11. Program- To write the lines of code in a program. A collection of instructions that
tell the computer what to do. A program is generically known as
"software" and the programs users work with, such as word.
Recency – requires that the most recent elements of the WM be used up for
instantiating one of the rules
Refractoriness – this strategy requires that the same rule should not be fired more than
once when instantiated with the same set of data. (discard instantiations
from WM)
Server- A computer system in a network that is shared by multiple users. Servers come
in all sizes from x86-based PCs to IBM mainframes. A server may have a
keyboard, monitor and mouse directly attached, or one keyboard,
monitor and mouse may connect to any number of servers via a switch.
Sensor - A type of transducer. Direct-indicating sensors, for example, a mercury
thermometer, are human-readable. Other sensors, such as a
thermocouple, only produce an output voltage or other electrical output
which must be interpreted by another device (such as a computer). Most
sensors are electrical or electronic, although other types exist.
Sensor array- A set of several sensors that an information gathering device uses to
gather information (usually directional in nature) that cannot be
gathered from a single source for a central processing unit.
Specificity – requires that the rule with more number of antecedent clauses be fired than
rules handling fewer antecedent clauses
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12. SPOT - a Sun wireless sensor which stands for a SMALL PROGRAMMABLE OBJECT
TECHNOLOGY
Transmissions- In telecommunications, it is the forwarding of signal traffic over
distances that are too great to be simply connected by a twisted pair wires.
Techniques available now may be microwave link, satellite link, coaxial cable
or fibre optic cable. Most modern transmission is digital.
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13. CHAPTER II
METHODOLOGY
The proponent discussed every detail of the specific extension of the project
research of Dr. Hayag ―An Application of Artificial Intelligence Sensory with SPOT
Distributed Data System.
Research Design
The proponent has used an Exploratory Research Design (a sub-type of
Experimental Research Design) for the entire study. Exploratory Research Design is
often conducted when a problem is not clearly established as yet or its real scope
is ambiguous. The proponent allows familiarizing himself with the problem or concept to
be studied, a perhaps generate hypotheses to be tested. It is initial research, before
more conclusive research is undertaken.
Exploratory research is informal, relying on secondary research such as
reviewing available literature and/or data, or approaches such as informal discussions
with consumers, employees, management or competitors, and more formal
approaches through in-depth interviews, focus groups, prospective methods, case
studies or pilot studies.
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14. Respondents of the Study
The proponent has chosen several Hotels at Davao City whose managements
are open to adapt Intelligent Automation particularly this kind of technology and the
following are: Marco Polo Hotel, Grand Men Seng Hotel, Mandaya Hotel and Apo View
Hotel.
Instrumentation/Data Gathering Procedure
The proponent has used several fact-finding methods during the information
gathering. The sampling of the existing documentation particularly the standard
operating procedure for the current implementation of the artificial light structures was
gathered. Research and site visits specifically in the official websites they have were
also done to ensure to get some details needed for the requirements analysis. The work
environment was keenly observed. Interviews were also conducted, which is the most
important information gathering technique.
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15. CHAPTER III
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
PART I- PROJECT ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Description of the Present System
Most of the hotels in the Philippines do not have the intelligent automation to
manage the artificial lights that they have installed. The present system of monitoring
and controlling of lights of these hotels is simply deploying the additional hotel staffs to
check every now and then if the lights are properly used.
Description of the Proposed System
The proponent has checked the presented data displayed in the screen in
response to what the sensors have sensed or detected, following the production rules
set to execute the data that are in the knowledge based . The data were limited only to
1000 cd/m2 and divided into different ranges that are fitted to the types of luminance,
and the following are:
=<2 -Deep Twilight
=11 -Twilight
=<107 -Very Dark Day
>= 997 -Dark Day
>=998 -Abnormal
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16. If the sensor senses the luminance that is within the range of =<2 for example
the Deep Twilight will be displayed and so on and so forth depending on the data
gathered by the sensor from the location to the server.
The values greater than or equal to 998 is abnormal because it exceeded already within
the ranges set for it to follow. But the overall data interpretations are also good.
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17. DATA Passes Data
(Luminance- (Sun, SPOT)
Input Different States ) Sensors
Data Collector
Displays Matched Compares Data
Data (Luminance) (Sun, SPOT)
Received
Sensor
Output Process
Data Receiver Transmits Data
(Sun, SPOT) Collected
Sensor
Fig3. Input-Process-Output/Hierarchical-Input-Process-Output
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18. Data Data Sun (SPOT) Data
Luminance Passes
Collector
(Data) through
Transmitter
Data
System’s Transmits
Interfaces- Data
Data Server Collected
Displays Data Data Data
Matched
Data Data
Compares Data Sun (SPOT) Data
Transmits Receiver
Received to the
stored
Data
knowledge Received
Data Data
Stored Knowledge
(Production Rules)
Fig4. Data Flow Diagram of the Project
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19. PART II -SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION
Description and Features of the System
The Intelligent Luminance Detection System of the Hotel will work intelligently to
satisfy the purpose which is to have a well-managed Artificial Lights installed within the
hotel. In the prototype, the proponent used two sensors of SUN the Small
Programmable Object Technology or SPOT and a server (see Physical Design for an
illustration). The send data to server function was composed of comprehensive
algorithm that is responsible for Wireless Portal Robot Data Receiver Server as
decision maker for all distributor servers, this includes Artificial Intelligent function
that they could decide on its own decision. The algorithm function was real-time
computation of Luminance. The procedure was also having real-time environment
status, which is a visual monitoring with actual computation and status of all gathered
data from Wireless Sensor Network-Based Transmitter Device. It shows the capability
of performing luminance monitoring control and it was responsible for detecting
light condition in the environment.
The Java Programming language was used because of its flexibility. This
language is very capable of serving web, desktop and mobile implementations.
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20. Fig6. Physical Design of the Project
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21. Functions of the Developed System
The Intelligent Luminance Detection System of the Hotel will work intelligently to
help the Hotel Management to check and balance the usage of the Artificial Lights
which is one of the important structures to be considered within the hotel. It is one way
of persuading costumers to stay, relax and feel comfortable with the ambience.
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22. CHAPTER IV
SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATION
Summary
The proponent in this study indeed tried to develop an Intelligent Luminance
Detection System of the Hotel. This was made from an idea of the proponent because
of several problems found out during his initial investigation of the lighting structures
implementation to most of the hotels. Lodging industry here and abroad is now trying to
adapt the changes of time. In this intelligent system to detect the luminance of an area
is very essential particularly in the huge hotel. It helps all the concerned to become
productive for they can manage well the artificial lights installed for the benefit of the
customers.
This study was implemented to specify the luminance of an area, using the Sun
Small Programmable Object Technology (SPOT), the other term was called Wireless
Sensor Network-Based Device. This device was not available in the Philippines as of
now due to US export restriction. This was acquired through the effort of Dr. Hayag.
Findings
The study was working well during the testing. The proponent set up all the
devices used and run the system. The display shows the data based from the
luminance the sensor has detected from the area where it was installed. The
performance of the system was based also from the stored knowledge served as the
data to be followed during its execution. If the sensor detected =<2 candela per square
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23. meter, it displays DEEP TWILIGHT, =<11 for TWILIGHT, <=107 for VERY DARK DAY,
<=997 for DARK DAY and >=998 for abnormal, it is abnormal considering the designed
was being limited to that candela per square meter. These data are very useful for the
hotel management for them to know the luminance of an area if it has lighted well for
the customer‟s satisfaction.
Conclusion
Based on the output of the study, the proponent concludes that the Intelligent
Luminance Detection System of the Hotels set intelligently to help the hotel
management in managing their artificial lights, since it gives them timely information of
the current luminance of the area, they would then be able to attend the customer‟s
needs.
Recommendation
The Intelligent Luminance Detection System has been created and functioned
like a very basic intelligent system, but concepts applied were solid for future
development. The proponent recommends the following for further development and
acceptance of the lodging Industry:
1. Actual implementation of the system in the hotel to see its usefulness.
2. Every hotel must have and IT division to check and maintain the different
technologies installed, especially the artificial lights managed by an intelligent
system.
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24. 3. Centralized the structure of implementation to fully monitor the luminance of
the different areas within the hotel.
4. To acquire more powerful Sun SPOT to perform the purpose in wide areas
like a hotel.
5. Add other algorithm that allows AI capability of SPOT widen the range of
decision making and assessment for every gathered data.
6. Add triggering features to take intelligent action that will fit the to customers‟
need in a particular area of the hotel based on the detected luminance
through the use of intelligent devices.
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25. REFERENCES
Dr. Melquiades R. Hayag, Jr., Intelligent Automation for Buildings: An Application of
Artificial Intelligence Sensory Approach, 2009 DIT. Dissertation Documents
Dr. Melquiades R. Hayag, Jr., The Deployment of Intelligent Automation in the
University of the Immaculate Conception, 2005 MSIT. Master‟s theses
David Flanagan, JAVA IN A NUTSHELL a Desktop Quick Reference, Third Edition,
1999.
Mr. Eric P. Lozarita, Wireless Sensor Network-Based Distributed Data System:
Application to Artificial Intelligence, 2009 MSIT. Master‟s Thesis
Elliotte Rusty Harold, Java Network Programming, 3rd Edition, October 2004.
David Flanagan, JavaScript: The Definitive Guide, 5th Edition, August 2006.
David Flanagan, JavaScript: The Definitive Guide, 4th Edition, November 2001.
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