Présentation de Ragaa Mansour, Unité des égalités de chances, Ministère des Finances, Egypte, à la Conférence Internationale d'Experts sur la mesure et les approches politiques pour améliorer l'équité pour les nouvelles générations dans la région MENA à Rabat, Maroc du 22 au 23 mai 2012.
Fabio Veras Soares, Raquel Ramos and Rafael Ranieri
IPC-IG
Inclusive Growth: Building a concept
Asia Public Policy Forum 2013
Jakarta, Indonesia May 28-30, 2013
Dimensions of Inclusive Development: Growth, Gender, Poverty and the EnvironmentUNDP Policy Centre
This new issue of the Poverty in Focus magazine presents 12 articles that discuss the main policy issues for a new inclusive and sustainable development paradigm. As a contribution to the dialogue around Rio+20 and to the ongoing discussions around a post-2015 MDG Agenda, this Poverty in Focus links future development to sustainability and particularly to social sustainability. Looking beyond the critical issues of ‘carbon footprints’, ‘low-carbon development’,’ green economy’ and the economics behind saving the planet, it draws attention back to the continuing challenge of ensuring that growth and development
deliver for the poor and vulnerable. In its many forms—energy poverty, lack of access to water and sanitation, malnutrition or insecure access to food, and lack of access to education and health—the scale and scope of global deprivation call current development policy and practice into question.
Fabio Veras Soares, Raquel Ramos and Rafael Ranieri
IPC-IG
Inclusive Growth: Building a concept
Asia Public Policy Forum 2013
Jakarta, Indonesia May 28-30, 2013
Dimensions of Inclusive Development: Growth, Gender, Poverty and the EnvironmentUNDP Policy Centre
This new issue of the Poverty in Focus magazine presents 12 articles that discuss the main policy issues for a new inclusive and sustainable development paradigm. As a contribution to the dialogue around Rio+20 and to the ongoing discussions around a post-2015 MDG Agenda, this Poverty in Focus links future development to sustainability and particularly to social sustainability. Looking beyond the critical issues of ‘carbon footprints’, ‘low-carbon development’,’ green economy’ and the economics behind saving the planet, it draws attention back to the continuing challenge of ensuring that growth and development
deliver for the poor and vulnerable. In its many forms—energy poverty, lack of access to water and sanitation, malnutrition or insecure access to food, and lack of access to education and health—the scale and scope of global deprivation call current development policy and practice into question.
The Millennium Development Goals Report 2009endpoverty2015
This report is based on a master set of data that has been compiled by an Inter-Agency and Expert
Group on MDG Indicators led by the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United
Nations Secretariat, in response to the wishes of the General Assembly for periodic assessment of
progress towards the MDGs. The Group comprises representatives of the international
organizations whose activities include the preparation of one or more of the series of statistical indicators that were identified as appropriate for monitoring progress towards the MDGs, as reflected in the list below. A number of national statisticians and outside expert advisers also contributed.
South african welfare state and the demographic dividend's window of opportunityFabio Torreggiani
In this paper, I analysed the main characteristics of the South African Welfare State in terms of inputs and outputs of the key policies usually identified by the literature to be useful to exploit a demographic dividend. In particular, I focused on the state of the labour market, the social assistance policies and the education and healthcare systems. To do this I studied some quantitative indicators of both inputs and outputs and I reported the qualitative analysis of some other articles of these individuals sectors. The conclusion is that, despite some important progress made by the democratic governments, there are many improvements needed to create a consistent and inclusive growth.
The Inclusive Growth and Development Report 2015 (September 2015)
Amid increasing concerns about rising income inequality and its negative economic and social impact, the World Economic Forum, the international institution for public-private cooperation, today publishes a new contribution to the discussion. Around the world, no bigger policy challenge preoccupies political leaders than expanding social participation in the process and benefits of economic growth. Read More
Many countries are writing new constitutions. This provides an important opportunity to
enshrine the basic human rights of all citizens. Despite the rhetoric on the indivisibility of
human rights, while most constitutions recognise civil and political rights as fundamental,
they place economic and social rights under ‘directive principles’ of state policy, making
them less ‘justiciable’. However, some countries have constitutions that guarantee specific
socio-economic rights, and the challenge is to make sure that citizens are able to exercise
these constitutional rights.
More recently another measure, the Human Development Index (HDI), which combines an economic measure, national income, with other measures, indices for life expectancy and education has become prominent. This criterion would define developed countries as those with a very high (HDI) rating. A developing country, also called a less developed country is a nation with a less developed industrial base, and a low Human Development Index (HDI) relative to developed countries.
Developing countries are, in general, countries that have not achieved a significant degree of industrialization relative to their populations, and have, in most cases, a medium to low standard of living. There is a strong association between low income and high population growth. The World Bank classifies all low- and middle-income countries as developing but notes, "The use of the term is convenient; it is not intended to imply that all economies in the group are experiencing similar development or that other economies have reached a preferred or final stage of development. Classification by income does not necessarily reflect development status. gender equity refers to the economic, social, political, and cultural attributes and opportunities associated with being male or female.
Inclusive development considers whether development progress is sufficiently widespread for the majority of a population to benefit
The World Bank has a particular focus on the economic capabilities, freedoms and resilience of the bottom 40 per cent of the World’s population and the relatively poor in individual countries.
Per capita incomes can rise but simultaneously there can also be an increase in the scale of relative poverty
The inter-generational nature of development progress also needs to be considered – i.e. creating an environment fit for future generations.
One of the defining debates in development economics is the extent to which state intervention enables inclusive growth or whether a dynamic private sector offers greater potential for lifting development progress.
Going Beyond National Averages: The Egypt governorates’ equity profiles and t...UnicefMaroc
Présentation de Lenardo Menchini, Spécialiste politiques sociales et suivi & évaluation, UNICEF Egypte, à la Conférence Internationale d'Experts sur la mesure et les approches politiques pour améliorer l'équité pour les nouvelles générations dans la région MENA à Rabat, Maroc du 22 au 23 mai 2012.o
The Millennium Development Goals Report 2009endpoverty2015
This report is based on a master set of data that has been compiled by an Inter-Agency and Expert
Group on MDG Indicators led by the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United
Nations Secretariat, in response to the wishes of the General Assembly for periodic assessment of
progress towards the MDGs. The Group comprises representatives of the international
organizations whose activities include the preparation of one or more of the series of statistical indicators that were identified as appropriate for monitoring progress towards the MDGs, as reflected in the list below. A number of national statisticians and outside expert advisers also contributed.
South african welfare state and the demographic dividend's window of opportunityFabio Torreggiani
In this paper, I analysed the main characteristics of the South African Welfare State in terms of inputs and outputs of the key policies usually identified by the literature to be useful to exploit a demographic dividend. In particular, I focused on the state of the labour market, the social assistance policies and the education and healthcare systems. To do this I studied some quantitative indicators of both inputs and outputs and I reported the qualitative analysis of some other articles of these individuals sectors. The conclusion is that, despite some important progress made by the democratic governments, there are many improvements needed to create a consistent and inclusive growth.
The Inclusive Growth and Development Report 2015 (September 2015)
Amid increasing concerns about rising income inequality and its negative economic and social impact, the World Economic Forum, the international institution for public-private cooperation, today publishes a new contribution to the discussion. Around the world, no bigger policy challenge preoccupies political leaders than expanding social participation in the process and benefits of economic growth. Read More
Many countries are writing new constitutions. This provides an important opportunity to
enshrine the basic human rights of all citizens. Despite the rhetoric on the indivisibility of
human rights, while most constitutions recognise civil and political rights as fundamental,
they place economic and social rights under ‘directive principles’ of state policy, making
them less ‘justiciable’. However, some countries have constitutions that guarantee specific
socio-economic rights, and the challenge is to make sure that citizens are able to exercise
these constitutional rights.
More recently another measure, the Human Development Index (HDI), which combines an economic measure, national income, with other measures, indices for life expectancy and education has become prominent. This criterion would define developed countries as those with a very high (HDI) rating. A developing country, also called a less developed country is a nation with a less developed industrial base, and a low Human Development Index (HDI) relative to developed countries.
Developing countries are, in general, countries that have not achieved a significant degree of industrialization relative to their populations, and have, in most cases, a medium to low standard of living. There is a strong association between low income and high population growth. The World Bank classifies all low- and middle-income countries as developing but notes, "The use of the term is convenient; it is not intended to imply that all economies in the group are experiencing similar development or that other economies have reached a preferred or final stage of development. Classification by income does not necessarily reflect development status. gender equity refers to the economic, social, political, and cultural attributes and opportunities associated with being male or female.
Inclusive development considers whether development progress is sufficiently widespread for the majority of a population to benefit
The World Bank has a particular focus on the economic capabilities, freedoms and resilience of the bottom 40 per cent of the World’s population and the relatively poor in individual countries.
Per capita incomes can rise but simultaneously there can also be an increase in the scale of relative poverty
The inter-generational nature of development progress also needs to be considered – i.e. creating an environment fit for future generations.
One of the defining debates in development economics is the extent to which state intervention enables inclusive growth or whether a dynamic private sector offers greater potential for lifting development progress.
Going Beyond National Averages: The Egypt governorates’ equity profiles and t...UnicefMaroc
Présentation de Lenardo Menchini, Spécialiste politiques sociales et suivi & évaluation, UNICEF Egypte, à la Conférence Internationale d'Experts sur la mesure et les approches politiques pour améliorer l'équité pour les nouvelles générations dans la région MENA à Rabat, Maroc du 22 au 23 mai 2012.o
Tayssir : Programme des transferts monétaires conditionnelsUnicefMaroc
Présentation de Youssef Belqasmi, Secrétaire Général du Ministère de l’Education Nationale, Maroc, à la Conférence Internationale d'Experts sur la mesure et les approches politiques pour améliorer l'équité pour les nouvelles générations dans la région MENA à Rabat, Maroc du 22 au 23 mai 2012.
Présentation de Paolo Verme, Senior Poverty Specialist, World Bank, à la Conférence Internationale d'Experts sur la mesure et les approches politiques pour améliorer l'équité pour les nouvelles générations dans la région MENA à Rabat, Maroc du 22 au 23 mai 2012.
Integrated Social Protection Systems: Enhancing Equity for ChildrenUnicefMaroc
Présentation de Jingqing Chai, Chief Social Policy and Economic Analyses DPP/UNICEF NYHQ, à la Conférence Internationale d'Experts sur la mesure et les approches politiques pour améliorer l'équité pour les nouvelles générations dans la région MENA à Rabat, Maroc du 22 au 23 mai 2012.
Accueil des Rencontres Qualiméditerranée par Etienne LANDAIS Directeur de Montpellier Supagro, Laurent Emmanuel MIGEON Président du Pôle de compétitivité Qualiméditerranée et Bruno TISSEYRE Co-responsable de la formation AgroTIC
The private sector role in financing the 2015raimundosolene
This presentation is aimed to aid the efforts of Financing the 2015 - 2030 Sustainable development in Angola, by focusing on how the private sector can participate in investments for the SDGs.
Social Protection, Financial Depth, Soundness and Inclusive Growth in Nigeria AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: This paper examines the effect of social protection on inclusive growth in Nigeria, focusing also
on the role of financial depth and soundness on inclusive growth using a time series data from 1981 to 2019.
The System Generalized Method of Moments (SYSTEM – GMM) estimator was used in estimating the model.
It was found that social protection had a positive and significant effect on inclusive growth. We also found a
positive and significant effect of the size of financial intermediaries in the financial system on inclusive growth,
but the effectiveness of social protection in enhancing inclusive growth was not dependent on the size of
financial intermediaries in the financial system. A negative and insignificant effect of bank credit to the private
sector to GDP on inclusive growth was also found, nevertheless, the credit to the private sector channel has the
wherewithal to complement social protection to raise the inclusive growth. The liquidity ratio had a positive and
significant effect on inclusive growth and complements the effectiveness of social protection in raising the
inclusive growth rate. The study recommends expansion of the government social safety net measures to
accommodate more beneficiaries especially the small entrepreneurs and the poor unemployed. In this way,
growth will be distributive to enhance inclusiveness. Also, the government social safety net policies cannot
work effectively in isolation with a sound financial system. Therefore, measures should be in place to ensure a
sound and sustainable financial system in the economy
When the 1938 "Somewhere in Dreamland" cartoon on child poverty during the Great Depression is still relevant today, what does it say about our progress? Read more in our blog!
THE EFFECT OF COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES ON POVERTY ALLEVIATION AMONG RURAL FARM H...ResearchWap
Nigeria as a land filled with milk and honey suffers from the menace of poverty. Different questions have been asked to how poverty which is affecting the economy can be reduced to minimum. Several Government bodies have been setup to find a lasting solution to the problem striking the masses. However, it will be expedient to know what poverty is all about and to know the meaning of cooperative according to different scholars and join the two together to have a clearer understanding of the purpose of the study.
Kenya Mobilizing financial resources needed for health in the SDG eraDeepak Mattur
- In 2015 the UN General Assembly formally accepted a new set of 17 measurable Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), ranging from ending world poverty to achieving gender equality and empowering women and girls by 2030. The SDG target 3 encompasses 9 sub targets focussed on ensuring healthy lives and well-being for all. These goals set by the proposed SDGs are ambitious and challenging. It will not be achieved with a business-as-usual approach.
- ODA in Kenya: In 2013, ODA for Health reached its highest level at US$ 934 million. However, the outlook of future aid to Kenya remains flat.
- The share of government expenditure on health in Kenya has not shown a commensurate increase with its increase in GDP. The share has actually declined from 46% of the Total Health Expenditure in 2000 to 46% in 2000. Government needs to increase its share of health expenditure to meet the rising healthcare demands.
- At current level of health expenditure at US$ 1.9 BN, there exists an annual funding gap of US$ 1.4 BN to meet the needs of Healthcare services.
- Kenya needs to consider several instruments of innovative financing in order to achieve its financing needs for Health. Some of the potential options presented in this digital artefact are raising additional taxes, Debt-swaps and social bonds.
- There is a hope that Kenya will make a paradigm shift in its approach to health financing and the Healthcare financing gap in Kenya will be filled in with additional sources generated through innovative financing instruments.
Conditional Cash Transfers in Latin America– achievement and challengesUNDP Policy Centre
IPC-IG’s Research Coordinator, Dr. Fábio Veras Soares participated in the international workshop on “(Conditional) Cash Transfer Programmes (CCTs) in the Arab Region”, in Beirut, Lebanon, from 19 to 20 July. The workshop was organised and hosted by the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA), in cooperation with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the International Labour Organization (ILO), the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), the UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP), and the World Bank. The event brought together ministers and officials from ten countries across the Arab region that have already implemented cash transfer programmes or are planning to design one.
Pro-equity social policies for Children in China: through the view of Poverty...UnicefMaroc
Présentation de Tan Weiping, Deputy Director-General of the External Cooperation Department, China, à la Conférence Internationale d'Experts sur la mesure et les approches politiques pour améliorer l'équité pour les nouvelles générations dans la région MENA à Rabat, Maroc du 22 au 23 mai 2012.
Quelles exigences méthodologiques et éthiques pour évaluer l’équité dans les ...UnicefMaroc
Présentation de Ahmed Bencheikh, Président de l’Association Marocaine de l’Evaluation, Maroc, à la Conférence Internationale d'Experts sur la mesure et les approches politiques pour améliorer l'équité pour les nouvelles générations dans la région MENA à Rabat, Maroc du 22 au 23 mai 2012.
Institutionalizing the Use of Evidence for Public Policy: A long path in MexicoUnicefMaroc
Présentation de Gonzalo Hernandez, Secrétaire Général du CONEVAL, Mexico, à la Conférence Internationale d'Experts sur la mesure et les approches politiques pour améliorer l'équité pour les nouvelles générations dans la région MENA à Rabat, Maroc du 22 au 23 mai 2012.
Présentation de Mustapha Chouitar, Chef de Division à la Direction de la Planification et des Etudes, Ministère de la Santé, Maroc, à la Conférence Internationale d'Experts sur la mesure et les approches politiques pour améliorer l'équité pour les nouvelles générations dans la région MENA à Rabat, Maroc du 22 au 23 mai 2012.
Pour une Équité Sociale au Maroc : Eléments de politiques pour cibler les iné...UnicefMaroc
Présentation de Khalid Soudi, Observatoire des Conditions de Vie de la Population, HCP, Maroc, à la Conférence Internationale d'Experts sur la mesure et les approches politiques pour améliorer l'équité pour les nouvelles générations dans la région MENA à Rabat, Maroc du 22 au 23 mai 2012.
Présentation de Jingqing Chai, Chief Social Policy and Economic Analyses DPS/UNICEF, New York Headquarters, à la Conférence Internationale d'Experts sur la mesure et les approches politiques pour améliorer l'équité pour les nouvelles générations dans la région MENA à Rabat, Maroc du 22 au 23 mai 2012.
Measuring Poverty for children in a multidimensional way in México UnicefMaroc
Présentation de Gonzalo Hernandez, Secrétaire Général du CONEVAL, Mexique, à la Conférence Internationale d'Experts sur la mesure et les approches politiques pour améliorer l'équité pour les nouvelles générations dans la région MENA à Rabat, Maroc du 22 au 23 mai 2012.
World Bank’s Approach To Equity MeasurementUnicefMaroc
Présentation de Paolo Verme, Senior Poverty Specialist, World Bank, à la Conférence Internationale d'Experts sur la mesure et les approches politiques pour améliorer l'équité pour les nouvelles générations dans la région MENA à Rabat, Maroc du 22 au 23 mai 2012.
Econometric approaches to measuring child inequalities in MENA UnicefMaroc
Présentation de Nadia Belhaj Hassine, International Development Research Center, Egypt, à la Conférence Internationale d'Experts sur la mesure et les approches politiques pour améliorer l'équité pour les nouvelles générations dans la région MENA à Rabat, Maroc du 22 au 23 mai 2012.
Rethinking Poverty and Inequality Measurement in Arab CountriesUnicefMaroc
Présentation de Khalid Abu Ismail, Conseiller en pauvreté et macroéconomie, Bureau régional du PNUD Caire, Egypte, à la Conférence Internationale d'Experts sur la mesure et les approches politiques pour améliorer l'équité pour les nouvelles générations dans la région MENA à Rabat, Maroc du 22 au 23 mai 2012.
Contribution des enquêtes Panel de Ménages-ONDH à la mesure et l’évaluation d...UnicefMaroc
Présentation de Mr Mohammed Benkassimi, Chef du pôle méthodes et enquêtes à l’Observatoire National de Développement Humain (ONDH), Maroc, à la Conférence Internationale d'Experts sur la mesure et les approches politiques pour améliorer l'équité pour les nouvelles générations dans la région MENA à Rabat, Maroc du 22 au 23 mai 2012.
Analyse de l'équité chez les enfants en IrakUnicefMaroc
Présentation de Ms Suham Mohammed, Director of Social and Education Statistics in the Central Statistics Organization, Irak, à la Conférence Internationale d'Experts sur la mesure et les approches politiques pour améliorer l'équité pour les nouvelles générations dans la région MENA à Rabat, Maroc du 22 au 23 mai 2012.
Mesure floue de la pauvreté multidimensionnelle des enfants : cas du MarocUnicefMaroc
Présentation de Mr Mohamed Douidich, Directeur, Observatoire des Conditions de Vie de la Population, HCP, Maroc à la Conférence Internationale d'Experts sur la mesure et les approches politiques pour améliorer l'équité pour les nouvelles générations dans la région MENA à Rabat, Maroc du 22 au 23 mai 2012.
Research priorities to ensure better equity for childrenUnicefMaroc
Présentation de Gordon Alexander, Directeur de la recherche, l’UNICEF, à la Conférence Internationale d'Experts sur la mesure et les approches politiques pour améliorer l'équité pour les nouvelles générations dans la région MENA à Rabat, Maroc du 22 au 23 mai 2012.
Integrating Equal Opportunity Principle in Budgets - Egypt
1. Integrating Equal Opportunity
Principle in Budgets - Egypt
Subsidies’ Reform and Social Protection to Promote Equity
Ragaa Mansour
General Director, Equal Opportunity Unit
Workshop on: 'Enhance Equity for the New Generations in the
Middle East and North Africa‘
Rabat, Morocco – 22-23 May 2012
2. In 2001, the Ministry of Finance approved the establishment of
“Gender Unit” to link between the National Council for Woman
(NCW) and the Ministry of Finance, aiming at promoting equality
for marginalized groups, providing opportunities for participation
in public life, eliminating all forms of discrimination, giving big
momentum for efforts exerted to advance rights of women and
children, and opening opportunities for human resources
development, in addition to other constitutional rights to achieve
complete equity.
3. Objectives of Equal Opportunity Unit
• Promote and integrate budgets responding to needs of both
women and men in the national plan and budget to achieve social
justice for marginalized groups.
• Enhance cooperation and networking amongst the different
sectors in MoF and between MoF and other line ministries.
• Develop staff professional and personal skills and advance spirit of
belonging, which has its positive influence on staff performance as
well as achieving MoF goals to reach equal opportunities.
4. Joint Initiatives with UNWOMEN
Extending partnership with UNWOMEN to achieve the Unit goal to
support developing gender-responding budgets and raising the
ministry staff awareness of gender issues, how to plan for it, and
organizing specialized workshops in the field of:
•Strategic planning responding to man and woman needs and how to
monitor and evaluate it.
•Budgeting for gender-based programs and performance to positively
impact the improving of children status.
•The importance of considering children in state plans and budgets.
5. Indeed, “Equal Opportunity” project was implemented since 2006,
Starting to identify what are the needs of women, men and children up
to the implementation of gender responsive budgets, which required the
application of programs and performance budgets, undergoing
legislative and legal reforms; significantly required to promote social
justice and fulfill children rights.
Then, we moved ahead from theory to practice, which necessitates the
commitment of different entities to apply modern and automated
information systems and developing programme and performance
budgets in compliance with the law of the State budget.
6. Objectives of “Equal Opportunities”
Project
•Achieve justice and equity for woman through integrating gender-based budgeting,
that would eventually contribute to the fulfillment of children rights.
•Support efforts of Ministries and Government organizations to bridge the gender
gaps, combating discrimination against women and children, and improving the
efficiency of public expenditures.
•Supportgovernment efforts to alleviate poverty and achieve the Millennium
Development Goals.
•Supportthe Ministry of Finance in applying modern methods in budget development
through applying gender-based programs and performance measurement budgets
and promoting transparency.
7. Project Key Stakeholders
• Ministry of Finance – National Council for Woman.
• Ministry of Economic Development – Central Agency for
Public Mobilization and Statistics – Parliament.
• Media – Academics and Research Centers.
• Civil Society and Women Organizations.
• Netherland Royal Embassy – UNWOMEN.
8. Target Groups
• Ministries and policy makers.
• Ministry of Finance staff responsible for developing,
implementing, and monitoring State Budget.
11. Social Justice in Housewife sets the Ministry of Finance and
State Budget State Budget equal opportunity
11
12. Lessons Learnt
• Participatory approach to develop gender-based budgets’
manual.
• Political support of Minister of Finance, Directors of Budget
Departments, UNWOMEN, and NCW.
• Coordination between Ministry of Finance and Central
Agency for Public General Mobilization and Statistics.
13. Sustainability
• Restructuring of Equal Opportunity Unit in the Ministry of
Finance.
• Qualified Staff to develop equity-based budgets.
• On-the-job training.
14. What about Child-based Plans and
Budgets?
•Considering child rights?
•Adopting the concept and practice of “equal opportunities”
for children?
•Social protection to fulfill rights for all children?
16. Government Social Expenditure
Social protection
expenditure is at around
9% of GDP, and actually
was planned to grow
between 2010-11 and
2011-12
Social protection is by far
the largest component of
social spending, with
health at 1.5% of GDP,
and education at 3.3%
, Source: Arab Republic of Egypt, Ministry of Finance, State Budget 2011/12
and Financial Monthly March 2012
17. How Social Protection Expenditure is Distributed
Among the Population? Several studies have been conducted
to evaluate who is benefiting most
from the current social protection
.policies
A study of the World Bank (2005(
found that out of 100 LE spent in
social protection, 29 LE goes the
richest fifth of the population, while
the poorest
quintile is receiving only 14 LE
While the impact in terms of poverty
reduction is still relevant (more than
10% of the population was lifted
above the lower national poverty line
by social protection policies [mainly
subsidies] in early 2000s(, the
efficiencies of the expenditure is low
. and the leakages very high
(Source: World Bank (2005
18. Social Security and Social Pensions Versus
Subsidies
Social security benefits and social pensions represent less
than 10% of the total Social Protection expenditure in
Egypt.
Subsidies are by far the largest component (around 90%)
of the social protection spending.
In the budget 2011-12, subsidies represented around 27%
of government expenditure, equivalent to 8.5% of the
projected GDP
19. Subsidies Are A Key Component of Government
Spending in Egypt
More than 5% of GDP is
(Government expenditure on subsidies (as % of GDP
spent in oil product
subsidies (which is 2010-11 2011-12
benefiting mainly the Total expenditure on
subsidies 8.64 8.45
richest quintiles of the
population, but which is - Oil products 5.26 6.08
also very important for the - General Authority for Supply
Commodities (food/bread) 1.83 1.20
poorest population
- Electricity 0.49 0.32
(.quintiles - Other 1.06 0.86
Source: Arab Republic of Egypt, Ministry of Finance, State Budget
The food subsidy 2011/12, and Financial Monthly, March 2012
represents around 1.8% of
the Egyptian
. GDP
20. Reforming subsidies
The need of reforming subsidies is widely recognized and
it is part of the current political debate (and in minimal
part already implemented).
The process of transformation should be managed very
carefully, in particular to protect the most vulnerable,
within an equity perspective, and considering the highest
vulnerability to poverty of children and women.