International trade expanded greatly in the 17th-18th centuries and continued growing in the post-World War 2 era, reaching over $100 billion by 1957. This growth was driven by increased industrial production and rising prices of goods in the major trading nations. While India once had a larger share of world trade, its percentage declined from 2% to 0.4% between 1950-1980 before recovering to around 0.8% by 1997. India's rankings in global competitiveness indices also remain relatively low compared to developed and other major developing countries.

3. International trade began to assume in the 17th and 18th centuries . The volume of trade which moved in international channels during 1947 is estimated to have been greater by at least 10 per cent than the 1946 volume and was probably slightly above the 1938 level.

4. The level of world trade in 1957 reached the unprecedented figure of just over $100 billion, thus continuing the expansion that has been characteristic of world trade for the past ten years . In the course of these ten years, world exports have more than doubled from $46,800 million in 1947 to $102,000 million (preliminary figure) in 1957.

5. The increase over 1956 amounted to 11 per cent. Two main forces contributed to the increase: world industrial production which increased by four per cent; and the prices of goods, which increased by five per cent. As in 1956, the main expansion was due to greater exports of the industrial countries, which are the world's largest traders,

6. Globalization: Integrating and merging of the distinct world markets into a single market…….. Economic Revenue/GDP the global trade which was just 12% of the world GDP in 1962 increased to 30% of the world GDP in 1993. Levis jeans

7. The four stages Domestic in focus Home focus, but with exports (ethnocentric). Adapt stage two organizations marketing mixes to overseas operations. The focus switches to multinational (polycentric) and adaption becomes paramount. Global organizations which create value by extending products and programmes and focus on serving emerging global markets (geocentric)

8. International trade theory To predict patterns of trade and to analyze the effects of trade policies. Ricardian model: countries specialize in producing what they produce best Heckscher-ohlin model:. It predicts that countries will export those goods that make intensive use of locally abundant factors and will import goods that make intensive use of factors that are locally scarce. New trade theory : most trade is between countries with similar factor endowment and productivity levels, and the large amount of multinational production (ie foreign direct investment) which exists. Gravity model of trade : The gravity model, in its basic form, predicts trade based on the distance between countries and the interaction of the countries' economic sizes

11. Top Ten Exports (Products ) 4.28 11.66 21,833.63 INDIA EXPORT OF DRUGS,PHRMCUTES & FINE CHEMLS 5 5.19 34.08 26,512.59 INDIA EXPORT OF MACHINERY AND INSTRUMENTS 4 5.39 7.77 27,520.53 INDIA EXPORT OF RMG COTTON INCL ACCESSORIES 3 12.26 1.98 62,586.53 INDIA EXPORT OF GEMS & JEWELLARY 2 15.02 63.10 76,683.05 INDIA EXPORT OF PETROLEUM (CRUDE & PRODUCTS) 1 Value (INR in Crores) Value (INR in Crores) Value (INR in Crores) %Share %Growth Export Value of Goods Apr 2006 - Feb 2007 Name of Commodity Rank

12. 2.95 3.92 15,074.03 INDIA EXPORT OF IRON ORE 10 3.27 6.67 16,682.33 INDIAN EXPORTS OF COTTON YARNS, FABRICS, MADE UPSETC 9 3.50 53.39 17,856.68 INDIA EXPORT OF PRMRY & SEMI-FNSHD IRON & STL 8 3.73 16.43 19,064.44 INDIA EXPORT OF TRANSPORT EQUIPMENTS 7 3.95 20.88 20,156.05 INDIA EXPORT OF MANUFACTURES OF METALS 6

14. Top Import (Products) 4.08 -21.37 30,061.51 India Import Of - PERLS STONES 5 7.63 43.37 56,216.24 India Import Of - MACHRY EXCPT ELEC & ELECTRONIC 4 7.97 37.35 58,704.81 India Import Of - GOLD 3 8.86 25.32 65,281.46 India Import Of - ELECTRONIC GOODS 2 32.10 34.47 236,601.84 India Import Of - PETROLEUM, CRUDE & PRODUCTS 1 Value (INR in Crores) Value (INR in Crores) Value (INR in Crores) %Share %Growth Export Value of Goods Apr 2006 - Feb 2007 Name of Commodity Rank

15. 0.19 - 1,417.61 India Import of- Wheat 10 2.48 -22.47 18,258.34 India Import Of - OTHER COMMODITIES 9. 2.49 19.77 18,363.64 India Import Of - COAL,COKE & BRIQUITTES ETC 8. 3.04 18.93 22,405.24 India Import Of - ORGANIC CHEMICALS 7. 3.31 40.20 24,413.75 India Import Of – IRON & STEEL 6

17. India & Global Trade: India had a significant share in the world trade at the time of independence. However, since then there was a secular decline in India’s share in the world exports till 1980. since from 1950 to 1980 the percentage declined from 2 to 0.4 . it has, how ever improved to about 0.8 by 1997 and is expected to reach one percent by 2000.

19. India’s Global share 1.4 Service imports 1.2 Service exports 0.8 Merchandise imports 0.7 Merchandise exports 0.5 FDI 5.45 GNP at purchasing power parity 1.50 GNP 16.78 Population 11.24 Arable land 2.47 Area India’s share (percentage) Factor

20. India’s share of Developing Countries 3.07 Merchandise imports 2.42 Merchandise exports 1.6 FDI 12.13 GNP at purchasing power parity 7.43 GNP 19.72 Population India’s share (performance ) Factor

21. India’s Rank 1 Tea production 4 GNP at purchasing power parity 2 Tobacco production 12 GNP 2 Wheat production 19 Service imports 2 Rice production 22 Service exports 2 Nitro fertiliser consumption 26 Merchandise imports 2 Tractors in use 31 Merchandise exports 1 Irrigation area 2 Sugar production 2 Arable land 1 Butter and ghee production 7 Area 1 Milk production 2 Population Rank Factor Rank Factor

22. Indices of Global Competitiveness 13 9 4 43 10 44 11 38 10 Switzerland 8 15 22 54 26 16 10 40 9 UK 20 18 8 11 1 45 25 2 8 Hong Kong 3 13 11 47 29 7 12 42 7 Canada 7 2 2 46 17 43 8 52 6 Finland 10 8 1 4 2 1 15 13 2 Singapore 1 1 7 41 15 26 5 25 1 USA 51 38 54 14 59 5 49 19 49 India E- commerce Technological sophistication Overall infrastructure Investment rates Average tariff Export promotion Regulatory standard Government express Growth competitiveness

23. conclusion Imports> Exports: Developing Country:

24. T H A N K Y O U