This document summarizes Nokia's Ovi Store in Australia. It states that Australia is in the top 15 countries for app downloads from the Ovi Store, and is number 5 for purchases and number 3 for revenue. Both downloads and users have seen 100% month-over-month growth. It lists the top downloaded and highest earning apps. It also lists some popular Australian developers and apps in categories like games, news, and sports. Finally, it mentions partnerships Nokia has with Australian developers, sporting codes, and operators like Vodafone to support the Ovi Store in Australia.
Symbian Foundation is working to evolve the Symbian platform into a truly open mobile platform. The roadmap includes Symbian^3 which will provide a faster user experience and new apps like Podcasts. Symbian^4 will feature a complete refresh of the user interface built on Qt and a new web browser. The roadmap aims to improve the experiences for users, developers and device creators.
This document discusses Gravity, a Twitter client application for Symbian S60 phones, and provides advice for developing mobile applications. It summarizes that Gravity started as a side project to provide a native Twitter client for S60 phones, since there were none existing. It then discusses that the developer is a one-man operation focused solely on Symbian development since 2002. The document provides tips for application development, including testing on multiple real phones, implementing debugging tools, prioritizing good design and animations, and choosing distribution channels carefully based on overhead.
The document discusses the development of a "Team Vodafone" widget for Nokia Ovi by TigerSpike. The widget was commissioned by Nokia and Triple Eight to provide exclusive behind the scenes content from the 2010 V8 SuperCars season to entice fans. TigerSpike specializes in mobile technology including mobile apps, widgets, sites, and enterprise solutions. The widget would display race information, statistics, videos, images and tweets directly on users' mobile devices. Considerations in the development included screen layouts for different orientations and collecting data and reports for the client.
This document summarizes opportunities for developers using Qt across platforms like Symbian, Maemo, and others. It discusses how Qt allows for cross-platform application development, highlighting its use on millions of Symbian phones, Maemo devices, and Ovi Services. The document also introduces the "mobility project", which brings new Qt APIs for cross-platform mobile application development and access to services. Finally, it outlines the developer tools and opportunities for creating applications on the N900 Maemo device.
- Nokia is transforming itself to focus on developers and addressable markets by lowering barriers for developers and expanding cooperation and choice.
- The Ovi Store provides a global distribution platform for applications, games, and content across many Nokia devices. It allows developers to monetize their content and reach hundreds of millions of users.
- Nokia is encouraging developers to create locally relevant applications for consumers and businesses through challenges and acceleration programs to maximize opportunities on the Ovi Store platform.
The document discusses Nokia's Web Run-Time (WRT) platform and its evolution. It provides an overview of WRT, how it allows developers to create standalone applications using web technologies, and its key attributes. It also discusses widgets, their benefits, and examples of widgets for various Nokia platforms and services like maps, entertainment guides, and more. The document demonstrates how WRT continues to expand capabilities with features like home screen integration, multiple home screens, access to platform services, and multimedia support.
This short document appears to be a title page for a presentation with 3 pages. It includes a space for a name, title, and affiliation but does not provide any details. The title is repeated for pages 2 and 3, suggesting this is a multi-page presentation but no other information is given.
This document summarizes Nokia's Ovi Store in Australia. It states that Australia is in the top 15 countries for app downloads from the Ovi Store, and is number 5 for purchases and number 3 for revenue. Both downloads and users have seen 100% month-over-month growth. It lists the top downloaded and highest earning apps. It also lists some popular Australian developers and apps in categories like games, news, and sports. Finally, it mentions partnerships Nokia has with Australian developers, sporting codes, and operators like Vodafone to support the Ovi Store in Australia.
Symbian Foundation is working to evolve the Symbian platform into a truly open mobile platform. The roadmap includes Symbian^3 which will provide a faster user experience and new apps like Podcasts. Symbian^4 will feature a complete refresh of the user interface built on Qt and a new web browser. The roadmap aims to improve the experiences for users, developers and device creators.
This document discusses Gravity, a Twitter client application for Symbian S60 phones, and provides advice for developing mobile applications. It summarizes that Gravity started as a side project to provide a native Twitter client for S60 phones, since there were none existing. It then discusses that the developer is a one-man operation focused solely on Symbian development since 2002. The document provides tips for application development, including testing on multiple real phones, implementing debugging tools, prioritizing good design and animations, and choosing distribution channels carefully based on overhead.
The document discusses the development of a "Team Vodafone" widget for Nokia Ovi by TigerSpike. The widget was commissioned by Nokia and Triple Eight to provide exclusive behind the scenes content from the 2010 V8 SuperCars season to entice fans. TigerSpike specializes in mobile technology including mobile apps, widgets, sites, and enterprise solutions. The widget would display race information, statistics, videos, images and tweets directly on users' mobile devices. Considerations in the development included screen layouts for different orientations and collecting data and reports for the client.
This document summarizes opportunities for developers using Qt across platforms like Symbian, Maemo, and others. It discusses how Qt allows for cross-platform application development, highlighting its use on millions of Symbian phones, Maemo devices, and Ovi Services. The document also introduces the "mobility project", which brings new Qt APIs for cross-platform mobile application development and access to services. Finally, it outlines the developer tools and opportunities for creating applications on the N900 Maemo device.
- Nokia is transforming itself to focus on developers and addressable markets by lowering barriers for developers and expanding cooperation and choice.
- The Ovi Store provides a global distribution platform for applications, games, and content across many Nokia devices. It allows developers to monetize their content and reach hundreds of millions of users.
- Nokia is encouraging developers to create locally relevant applications for consumers and businesses through challenges and acceleration programs to maximize opportunities on the Ovi Store platform.
The document discusses Nokia's Web Run-Time (WRT) platform and its evolution. It provides an overview of WRT, how it allows developers to create standalone applications using web technologies, and its key attributes. It also discusses widgets, their benefits, and examples of widgets for various Nokia platforms and services like maps, entertainment guides, and more. The document demonstrates how WRT continues to expand capabilities with features like home screen integration, multiple home screens, access to platform services, and multimedia support.
This short document appears to be a title page for a presentation with 3 pages. It includes a space for a name, title, and affiliation but does not provide any details. The title is repeated for pages 2 and 3, suggesting this is a multi-page presentation but no other information is given.
This course document outlines the structure and content of a course. It includes sections on course aims and prerequisites, expected learning outcomes, an agenda with multiple units and topics, unit outcomes and summaries, assignments, and additional resources for further learning. The document provides the framework for a course targeted towards those with certain prerequisites, to teach specific outcomes over several units covering topics at different levels of depth.
This short document appears to be a title page for a presentation with 3 pages. It includes a space for a name, title, and affiliation but does not provide any details. The title is repeated for pages 2 and 3, suggesting this is a multi-page presentation but no other information is given.
O documento discute a ética cristã na vida do obreiro, incluindo suas responsabilidades para com a esposa, filhos e igreja. Também aborda os deveres sociais e civis dos cristãos, como pagar impostos, respeitar as autoridades e influenciar positivamente a sociedade. Finalmente, discute a relação entre igreja e estado e a importância do bom testemunho do cristão.
- Mobile phone subscriptions in Australia reached 25.5 million as of the document's writing, representing 119% penetration of the population of 21.4 million, with strong growth across major carriers.
- Wireless broadband subscriptions also grew significantly year-over-year across carriers.
- The mobile phone has evolved from solely a calling device to a platform for social and business connections, entertainment, internet access, and personal use through apps and additional functions.
- Emerging technologies like augmented reality, mobile commerce, smart remote controls, and wearable devices may further change the mobile landscape.
This course document outlines the structure and content of a course. It includes sections on course aims and prerequisites, expected learning outcomes, an agenda with multiple units and topics, assignments, and additional resources for further learning. The units cover specific outcomes and include topics presented at different levels, with summaries of the material covered in each unit.
The document discusses AIMIA, the Australian Interactive Media Industry Association, and its Mobile Industry Group, which was created to support the growth of mobile content, services, and applications in Australia. The group consists of carriers, publishers, developers, ad networks and service providers. It conducts an annual mobile phone lifestyle index survey, publishes mobile advertising guidelines, and organizes industry events and internship programs to support the mobile industry.
Nokia is transforming with developers at the heart. Forum Nokia has seen growth with 60,000 registrants and increased traffic. MeeGo will launch in 2010 as an open platform across devices. Developers benefit from simplified access to more devices through one set of APIs. Nokia offers scale through global presence and partnerships in many countries. The Ovi Store provides opportunities for monetization through a pervasive store and local business models in over 180 countries.
Values: The Organization's Cultural BedrockCynthia Scott
By Dennis T. Jaffe and Cynthia D. Scott
Organizations appear to have two kinds of values—hard values about profitability and business success, and softer values about people and relationships. And when push comes to shove, the conventional wisdom is that the soft values are sacrificed to the harder ones. Many people are deeply cynical when they hear about a company’s soft values, because they feel that these values about people are the first to go in times of crisis. However, some leaders feel that the softer values are just as important as the hard ones. If people do not feel that their organization can be trusted, that there are not some core values that their company stands for and is willing to struggle to uphold, then the fabric that ties people to the organization will weaken. When weakened, the willingness of people to put extra effort, to extend themselves, and to help the organization make a difference diminishes. Companies have begun to look to values as the core behind which their people can rally.
How to Link Personal Values with Team ValuesCynthia Scott
Levi Strauss, AT&T, and Nordstrom conduct values discussions to resolve conflicts between personal and organizational values. This helps ensure employee behavior expresses desired values and commitment to goals. During workshops, employees discuss their personal values and work to agree on shared team values to guide decisions and actions. Clarifying values can help motivate commitment, align actions, and transcend individual conflicts.
The document summarizes some of the key challenges faced in re-engineering efforts at organizations. It describes how one hospital, Metropolitan Hospital, underwent a re-engineering process that initially showed cost savings but failed to truly change the culture or ways of working. The re-engineering consultants left after designing the plans, and leadership stalled in implementing changes. This led to uncertainty, fear, and declining morale among employees. The document outlines several lessons learned, including the importance of involving all levels of the organization in the change process, addressing the human aspects of change, and leaders undergoing changes themselves to effectively lead radical transformation.
Overview
To thrive in an environment that’s filled with constant change, it’s important to understand how to harness human response to support a sustainable future. Proactively managing organizational change results in a corporate culture that is optimistic—fueled by empowered leadership and employees who feel valued and secure. Helping individuals and teams to recognize the predictable path of transitioning through change can foster innovation and improve business agility.
What You Will Learn
• Understand how the human brain responds to change
• Learn five different ways to reduce threat and increase resilience
• Identify a predictable path of responding to change
• How to lead teams from resistance to performance
A Managers Guide to a Cascading Team Values Conversation
This is a guide for a manager to conduct a values conversation/ workshop with his or her team. The values conversation will take from 1 1/2 to 3 hours. The purpose is to clarify the values that will help the team move toward their highest level of performance.
In the conversation, the team will
• Explore their personal values about teamwork
• Create a team values statement
• Come to agreement about what those values mean in action
Table of Contents
Section 1 - Setting the Stage
• Values (sm)
• Leading a Values Conversation .
• Clarifying Your Values
• Values are the Foundation for Success
• Values Replace Rules
• Values Provide Guidance
• Aligned Values
• Change of Values
• Values Into Action
• Value Conflicts
Section 2 - Personal Values Exploration
• Cascading Valuessm to Your Team
• High Performance Team Exercise
• Introduction to the Values Cards
• Personal Values Exploration
• Using the Values Cards
• Arranging Your Values Cards
• Sorting Your Values
• Personal and Organizational Values
• My Top Six Values
• Discussion Questions
Section 3 - Creating Team Values
• Team Values Exercise
• Aligning Organizational & Team Values
• Values to Action
• Sample Value Statements
• Turning Insight Into Action
Discovering Values: The Key to Unlocking Employee EngagementCynthia Scott
Overview
Values are the driving force behind personal action and a beacon of focus during turbulent times. Successful organizations recognize the business case for value clarity, and they know that connecting personal values to organizational strategy is the vital link to employee engagement, innovation, commitment, performance, decision making—and a competitive advantage.
In this presentation personal, team, and organizational values are explored and the Values Edge model is introduced. Values Edge facilitates values discovery and see its application through a real-world global alignment case study. You will learn about the role values play in shaping individual behavior, why values clarification is critical to success, and how they can be linked to enhance organizational performance.
What You Will Learn
• How values are formed and shaped
• Why values matter in the workplace
• How to balance personal and work values
• The role values play in motivating positive behavior
• Business benefits of values clarification
• How to handle values-based conflict
• The importance of linking personal and organizational values
Who Should Attend
• Supervisors
• Managers
• Front-line leaders
• Human resources professionals
• Organizational coaches
Every individual, team, and organization today faces a constant variety of major and minor changes. Mastering the Change Curve will help you to understand your own reactions to these changes so that you can move more quickly, completely, and effectively through the change process.
Actividades De Quimica Ii Primer Periodoguest7e3d9c
Este documento presenta una serie de instrucciones y cálculos relacionados con conceptos fundamentales de química como masas atómicas, molares y moleculares, leyes de la química, conversiones entre moles y gramos, y resolución de problemas químicos. El estudiante deberá completar los cálculos solicitados y comparar sus resultados con las tablas periódicas.
This course document outlines the structure and content of a course. It includes sections on course aims and prerequisites, expected learning outcomes, an agenda with multiple units and topics, unit outcomes and summaries, assignments, and additional resources for further learning. The document provides the framework for a course targeted towards those with certain prerequisites, to teach specific outcomes over several units covering topics at different levels of depth.
This short document appears to be a title page for a presentation with 3 pages. It includes a space for a name, title, and affiliation but does not provide any details. The title is repeated for pages 2 and 3, suggesting this is a multi-page presentation but no other information is given.
O documento discute a ética cristã na vida do obreiro, incluindo suas responsabilidades para com a esposa, filhos e igreja. Também aborda os deveres sociais e civis dos cristãos, como pagar impostos, respeitar as autoridades e influenciar positivamente a sociedade. Finalmente, discute a relação entre igreja e estado e a importância do bom testemunho do cristão.
- Mobile phone subscriptions in Australia reached 25.5 million as of the document's writing, representing 119% penetration of the population of 21.4 million, with strong growth across major carriers.
- Wireless broadband subscriptions also grew significantly year-over-year across carriers.
- The mobile phone has evolved from solely a calling device to a platform for social and business connections, entertainment, internet access, and personal use through apps and additional functions.
- Emerging technologies like augmented reality, mobile commerce, smart remote controls, and wearable devices may further change the mobile landscape.
This course document outlines the structure and content of a course. It includes sections on course aims and prerequisites, expected learning outcomes, an agenda with multiple units and topics, assignments, and additional resources for further learning. The units cover specific outcomes and include topics presented at different levels, with summaries of the material covered in each unit.
The document discusses AIMIA, the Australian Interactive Media Industry Association, and its Mobile Industry Group, which was created to support the growth of mobile content, services, and applications in Australia. The group consists of carriers, publishers, developers, ad networks and service providers. It conducts an annual mobile phone lifestyle index survey, publishes mobile advertising guidelines, and organizes industry events and internship programs to support the mobile industry.
Nokia is transforming with developers at the heart. Forum Nokia has seen growth with 60,000 registrants and increased traffic. MeeGo will launch in 2010 as an open platform across devices. Developers benefit from simplified access to more devices through one set of APIs. Nokia offers scale through global presence and partnerships in many countries. The Ovi Store provides opportunities for monetization through a pervasive store and local business models in over 180 countries.
Values: The Organization's Cultural BedrockCynthia Scott
By Dennis T. Jaffe and Cynthia D. Scott
Organizations appear to have two kinds of values—hard values about profitability and business success, and softer values about people and relationships. And when push comes to shove, the conventional wisdom is that the soft values are sacrificed to the harder ones. Many people are deeply cynical when they hear about a company’s soft values, because they feel that these values about people are the first to go in times of crisis. However, some leaders feel that the softer values are just as important as the hard ones. If people do not feel that their organization can be trusted, that there are not some core values that their company stands for and is willing to struggle to uphold, then the fabric that ties people to the organization will weaken. When weakened, the willingness of people to put extra effort, to extend themselves, and to help the organization make a difference diminishes. Companies have begun to look to values as the core behind which their people can rally.
How to Link Personal Values with Team ValuesCynthia Scott
Levi Strauss, AT&T, and Nordstrom conduct values discussions to resolve conflicts between personal and organizational values. This helps ensure employee behavior expresses desired values and commitment to goals. During workshops, employees discuss their personal values and work to agree on shared team values to guide decisions and actions. Clarifying values can help motivate commitment, align actions, and transcend individual conflicts.
The document summarizes some of the key challenges faced in re-engineering efforts at organizations. It describes how one hospital, Metropolitan Hospital, underwent a re-engineering process that initially showed cost savings but failed to truly change the culture or ways of working. The re-engineering consultants left after designing the plans, and leadership stalled in implementing changes. This led to uncertainty, fear, and declining morale among employees. The document outlines several lessons learned, including the importance of involving all levels of the organization in the change process, addressing the human aspects of change, and leaders undergoing changes themselves to effectively lead radical transformation.
Overview
To thrive in an environment that’s filled with constant change, it’s important to understand how to harness human response to support a sustainable future. Proactively managing organizational change results in a corporate culture that is optimistic—fueled by empowered leadership and employees who feel valued and secure. Helping individuals and teams to recognize the predictable path of transitioning through change can foster innovation and improve business agility.
What You Will Learn
• Understand how the human brain responds to change
• Learn five different ways to reduce threat and increase resilience
• Identify a predictable path of responding to change
• How to lead teams from resistance to performance
A Managers Guide to a Cascading Team Values Conversation
This is a guide for a manager to conduct a values conversation/ workshop with his or her team. The values conversation will take from 1 1/2 to 3 hours. The purpose is to clarify the values that will help the team move toward their highest level of performance.
In the conversation, the team will
• Explore their personal values about teamwork
• Create a team values statement
• Come to agreement about what those values mean in action
Table of Contents
Section 1 - Setting the Stage
• Values (sm)
• Leading a Values Conversation .
• Clarifying Your Values
• Values are the Foundation for Success
• Values Replace Rules
• Values Provide Guidance
• Aligned Values
• Change of Values
• Values Into Action
• Value Conflicts
Section 2 - Personal Values Exploration
• Cascading Valuessm to Your Team
• High Performance Team Exercise
• Introduction to the Values Cards
• Personal Values Exploration
• Using the Values Cards
• Arranging Your Values Cards
• Sorting Your Values
• Personal and Organizational Values
• My Top Six Values
• Discussion Questions
Section 3 - Creating Team Values
• Team Values Exercise
• Aligning Organizational & Team Values
• Values to Action
• Sample Value Statements
• Turning Insight Into Action
Discovering Values: The Key to Unlocking Employee EngagementCynthia Scott
Overview
Values are the driving force behind personal action and a beacon of focus during turbulent times. Successful organizations recognize the business case for value clarity, and they know that connecting personal values to organizational strategy is the vital link to employee engagement, innovation, commitment, performance, decision making—and a competitive advantage.
In this presentation personal, team, and organizational values are explored and the Values Edge model is introduced. Values Edge facilitates values discovery and see its application through a real-world global alignment case study. You will learn about the role values play in shaping individual behavior, why values clarification is critical to success, and how they can be linked to enhance organizational performance.
What You Will Learn
• How values are formed and shaped
• Why values matter in the workplace
• How to balance personal and work values
• The role values play in motivating positive behavior
• Business benefits of values clarification
• How to handle values-based conflict
• The importance of linking personal and organizational values
Who Should Attend
• Supervisors
• Managers
• Front-line leaders
• Human resources professionals
• Organizational coaches
Every individual, team, and organization today faces a constant variety of major and minor changes. Mastering the Change Curve will help you to understand your own reactions to these changes so that you can move more quickly, completely, and effectively through the change process.
Actividades De Quimica Ii Primer Periodoguest7e3d9c
Este documento presenta una serie de instrucciones y cálculos relacionados con conceptos fundamentales de química como masas atómicas, molares y moleculares, leyes de la química, conversiones entre moles y gramos, y resolución de problemas químicos. El estudiante deberá completar los cálculos solicitados y comparar sus resultados con las tablas periódicas.
Are you looking for a long-lasting solution to your missing tooth?
Dental implants are the most common type of method for replacing the missing tooth. Unlike dentures or bridges, implants are surgically placed in the jawbone. In layman’s terms, a dental implant is similar to the natural root of the tooth. It offers a stable foundation for the artificial tooth giving it the look, feel, and function similar to the natural tooth.
5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT or Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that serves a range of roles in the human body. It is sometimes referred to as the happy chemical since it promotes overall well-being and happiness.
It is mostly found in the brain, intestines, and blood platelets.
5-HT is utilised to transport messages between nerve cells, is known to be involved in smooth muscle contraction, and adds to overall well-being and pleasure, among other benefits. 5-HT regulates the body's sleep-wake cycles and internal clock by acting as a precursor to melatonin.
It is hypothesised to regulate hunger, emotions, motor, cognitive, and autonomic processes.
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdfOsvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
Gastrointestinal Infections
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS result from the ingestion of pathogens that cause infections at the level of this tract, generally being transmitted by food, water and hands contaminated by microorganisms such as E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus, Rotavirus among others that are generally contained in feces, thus configuring a FECAL-ORAL type of transmission.
Among the factors that lead to the occurrence of gastrointestinal infections are the hygienic and sanitary deficiencies that characterize our markets and other places where raw or cooked food is sold, poor environmental sanitation in communities, deficiencies in water treatment (or in the process of its plumbing), risky hygienic-sanitary habits (not washing hands after major and/or minor needs), among others.
These are generally consequences (signs and symptoms) resulting from gastrointestinal infections: diarrhea, vomiting, fever and malaise, among others.
The treatment consists of replacing lost liquids and electrolytes (drinking drinking water and other recommended liquids, including consumption of juicy fruits such as papayas, apples, pears, among others that contain water in their composition).
To prevent this, it is necessary to promote health education, improve the hygienic-sanitary conditions of markets and communities in general as a way of promoting, preserving and prolonging PUBLIC HEALTH.
Gastritis and Gastric Health
Gastric Health is one of the most relevant concerns in human health, with gastrointestinal infections being among the main illnesses that affect humans.
Among gastric problems, we have GASTRITIS AND GASTRIC ULCERS as the main public health problems. Gastritis and gastric ulcers normally result from inflammation and corrosion of the walls of the stomach (gastric mucosa) and are generally associated (caused) by the bacterium Helicobacter pylor, which, according to the literature, this bacterium settles on these walls (of the stomach) and starts to release urease that ends up altering the normal pH of the stomach (acid), which leads to inflammation and corrosion of the mucous membranes and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
In addition to bacterial infections, gastritis and gastric ulcers are associated with several factors, with emphasis on prolonged fasting, chemical substances including drugs, alcohol, foods with strong seasonings including chilli, which ends up causing inflammation of the stomach walls and/or corrosion. of the same, resulting in the appearance of wounds and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
Among patients with gastritis and/or ulcers, one of the dilemmas is associated with the foods to consume in order to minimize the sensation of pain and discomfort.
Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapyDr. Sumit KUMAR
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
low birth weight presentation. Low birth weight (LBW) infant is defined as the one whose birth weight is less than 2500g irrespective of their gestational age. Premature birth and low birth weight(LBW) is still a serious problem in newborn. Causing high morbidity and mortality rate worldwide. The nursing care provide to low birth weight babies is crucial in promoting their overall health and development. Through careful assessment, diagnosis,, planning, and evaluation plays a vital role in ensuring these vulnerable infants receive the specialize care they need. In India every third of the infant weight less than 2500g.
Birth period, socioeconomical status, nutritional and intrauterine environment are the factors influencing low birth weight
1. InstaflexJoint Support provides quick, powerful joint relief. Use Instaflexproducts daily for happy, healthy, active lifestyles. http://www.jointhealthmagazine.com/instaflex.html