This document contains a quiz on pathology, biochemistry, and community health topics. There are multiple choice questions testing knowledge on concepts like cell injury, fatty liver, water and electrolyte balance, and dimensions of health. The quiz covers causes of disease, epidemiological theories, and factors influencing community mental and physical well-being. It concludes with answers to the 29 pathology, 25 biochemistry, and 12 community health questions.
Instructions Select the correct answer for the 70 multiple choic.docxdirkrplav
Instructions
Select the correct answer for the 70 multiple choice questions by highlighting the correct answer
1. Item 1
Enzymes:
A. increase the energy of activation for a reaction, thus increasing the reaction rate.
B. decrease the energy of activation for a reaction, thus decreasing the reaction rate.
C. increase ΔG for a reaction, thus increasing the reaction rate.
D. decrease the energy of activation for a reaction, thus increasing the reaction rate.
E. decrease ΔG for a reaction, thus increasing the reaction rate.
1. Item 2
Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive disorder involving blood clotting. If a Mr. Y, who is a hemophiliac, marries Mrs. Z, who is a carrier for hemophilia, and one of their daughters (Miss A, who is not a hemophiliac) marries a normal man (Mr. B), what is the probability that a grandson of Mr. Y and Mrs. Z is a hemophiliac?
A. 25% B. 50% C. 75% D. 100% E. Cannot be determined from the information given
1. Item 3
All of the following could cause increases in resting blood pressure EXCEPT:
A. increased Na+ reabsorption by the kidney.
B. increased heart rate.
C. decreased dehydration.
D. caffeine.
E. None of the above.
1. Item 4
The functions of the liver include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. formation of blood proteins.
B. regulation of glycogen metabolism.
C. secretion of bile.
D. storage of vitamins.
E. secretion of bicarbonate.
1. Item 5
Osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes are the three cell types found in bone tissue. Osteoclasts are activated by:
A. low blood Ca2+ levels and high parathyroid hormone levels.
B. low blood Ca2+ levels and high calcitonin levels.
C. high blood Ca2+ levels and high calcitonin levels.
D. high blood Ca2+ levels and high vitamin D levels.
E. low blood Ca2+ levels and low parathyroid hormone levels.
1. Item 6
Which hormone binds to a receptor on the cell surface?
A. Aldosterone
B. Progesterone
C. Cortisol
D. Adrenaline
E. Testosterone
1. Item 7
Which of the following RNA sequences would be transcribed if the sequence of the DNA coding strand were TATTGCATCAA?
A. UAUUGCAUCAA
B. AUAACGUAGUU
C. TTGUTGCUUTU
D. AUAAGCAUCAA
E. UUGAUCGUUAU
1. Item 8
The pentose phosphate pathway is involved in all of the following EXCEPT:
A. eliminating reactive oxygen species.
B. producing nucleotides.
C. facilitating fatty acid synthesis.
D. forming NADH.
E. generating ribose-5-phosphate.
1. Item 9
When blood pressure is low, the rate of blood filtration drops. The kidney secretes renin to help compensate. The direct effect that renin has in the body is to:
A. generally constrict arterioles to increase peripheral resistance.
B. convert the blood protein angiotensinogen into angiotensin I.
C. convert angiotensin I into angiotensin II, a powerful vasoconstrictor.
D. dilate the renal artery.
E. dilate the glomerular capillaries.
1. Item 10
In designing antibiotics to treat infections caused .
Instructions Select the correct answer for the 70 multiple choic.docxdirkrplav
Instructions
Select the correct answer for the 70 multiple choice questions by highlighting the correct answer
1. Item 1
Enzymes:
A. increase the energy of activation for a reaction, thus increasing the reaction rate.
B. decrease the energy of activation for a reaction, thus decreasing the reaction rate.
C. increase ΔG for a reaction, thus increasing the reaction rate.
D. decrease the energy of activation for a reaction, thus increasing the reaction rate.
E. decrease ΔG for a reaction, thus increasing the reaction rate.
1. Item 2
Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive disorder involving blood clotting. If a Mr. Y, who is a hemophiliac, marries Mrs. Z, who is a carrier for hemophilia, and one of their daughters (Miss A, who is not a hemophiliac) marries a normal man (Mr. B), what is the probability that a grandson of Mr. Y and Mrs. Z is a hemophiliac?
A. 25% B. 50% C. 75% D. 100% E. Cannot be determined from the information given
1. Item 3
All of the following could cause increases in resting blood pressure EXCEPT:
A. increased Na+ reabsorption by the kidney.
B. increased heart rate.
C. decreased dehydration.
D. caffeine.
E. None of the above.
1. Item 4
The functions of the liver include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. formation of blood proteins.
B. regulation of glycogen metabolism.
C. secretion of bile.
D. storage of vitamins.
E. secretion of bicarbonate.
1. Item 5
Osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes are the three cell types found in bone tissue. Osteoclasts are activated by:
A. low blood Ca2+ levels and high parathyroid hormone levels.
B. low blood Ca2+ levels and high calcitonin levels.
C. high blood Ca2+ levels and high calcitonin levels.
D. high blood Ca2+ levels and high vitamin D levels.
E. low blood Ca2+ levels and low parathyroid hormone levels.
1. Item 6
Which hormone binds to a receptor on the cell surface?
A. Aldosterone
B. Progesterone
C. Cortisol
D. Adrenaline
E. Testosterone
1. Item 7
Which of the following RNA sequences would be transcribed if the sequence of the DNA coding strand were TATTGCATCAA?
A. UAUUGCAUCAA
B. AUAACGUAGUU
C. TTGUTGCUUTU
D. AUAAGCAUCAA
E. UUGAUCGUUAU
1. Item 8
The pentose phosphate pathway is involved in all of the following EXCEPT:
A. eliminating reactive oxygen species.
B. producing nucleotides.
C. facilitating fatty acid synthesis.
D. forming NADH.
E. generating ribose-5-phosphate.
1. Item 9
When blood pressure is low, the rate of blood filtration drops. The kidney secretes renin to help compensate. The direct effect that renin has in the body is to:
A. generally constrict arterioles to increase peripheral resistance.
B. convert the blood protein angiotensinogen into angiotensin I.
C. convert angiotensin I into angiotensin II, a powerful vasoconstrictor.
D. dilate the renal artery.
E. dilate the glomerular capillaries.
1. Item 10
In designing antibiotics to treat infections caused .
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
2. Pathology
1. Which of the following persons is more liable to gastric cancer:
a) Blood groups B
b) Blood groups AB
c) Blood groups O
d) Blood group A
2. Congenital diseases may be:
a) Genetically inherited
b) Acquired
c) a and b
d) None of the above
3. Necropic and biopic sample can be examined:
a) Microscopically only
b) By gross only
c) A and b
d) None of the above
4. Cytology depends on:
a) Gross picture only
b) Microscopic examination only
c) A and b
d) None of the above
5. Which of the following is the objective finding noticed by the doctor:
a) Signs
b) Symptoms
c) A and b
d) Complications
6. Which of the following lead to hypoxia:
a) Cardiorespiratory failure
b) Ischemia
c) Carbon monoxide poisoning
d) All the above
7. Accumulation of toxic products due to renal failure is considered as:
a) Direct cell injury
b) Indirect cell injury
3. 8. Which of the following will be most affected due to 7 min. of ischemia?
a) Bones
b) Skeletal muscles
c) Neurons
d) All of the above will be equally affected
9. Dysfunction of energy dependent sodium pump in plasma membrane
leads to all the following, except:
a) Activation of ATPase
b) Cloudy swelling
c) Mitochondrial swelling
d) Increase of intra cellular fat
10. Which of the following is considered as irreversible cell injury cause?
a) Dysfunction of sodium pump
b) Increased intracellular calcium
c) Switch to anaerobic metabolism
d) B and c
11. All the following are free radicals which induces the cell membrane
injury except;
A) O-2.
B) OH-.
C) CCl4.
D) H2O2.
12. The peroxidation of plasmalemmal phospholipids increase the cell
fragility, Regarding this fact which of the following is true;
A) The peroxidation causes Cell rupture due to Increase in cell
permeability.
B) The peroxidation causes Cell rupture due to protein cross linking.
C) The peroxidation causes Cell rupture due to structural abnormalities in
protein via DNA affection.
D) All of above.
13. Vitamin C plays a vital role in cellular integrity which of the following
concerns its role in plasmalemmal protection:
A) It is a coenzyme for Glutathione peroxidase.
B) It is a coenzyme for glutathione Reductase.
C) Reductive role for proline hydroxylase in collagenic integrity.
D) All the above.
4. 14. All of the following are the outcome of Genetic apparatus affection in cell
injury except;
A) Cancer.
B) Cell aging.
C) Folate deficiency.
D) all are true.
15. Cloudy swelling is an example on non lethal cell injury.
A) True.
B) false.
16. Cloudy swelling is caused by one of the following:
A) Genetic mutation.
B) Cytoskeleton abnormalities.
C) ATP depletion.
D) All of above.
17. The nucleus in L.M picture of cloudy swelling is:
A) Unaffected.
B) Chromatin clumped.
C) Blurred.
D) B and C.
18. Despite the cloudy swelling is reversible degeneration, It induces cell
mortality through;
A) Hydropic swelling.
B) Cell ballooning and rupture.
C) All the above.
D) None of above.
19. The alcoholism is an injurious habits so you have to aware your hepatic
patients about the following relations;
A) It causes fatty liver due to inhibition of phospholipid formation.
B) It causes fatty liver due to over production of TAG.
C) It causes fatty liver due to inhibition of VLDL secretion.
D) B and c.
20. Case study;
Mona is a teacher. She complains of arthritis in feet joints recently and after long-
term therapy via cortisone and she complains of ascites.
Which of the following is related also to the case.
A) Sever obesity.
B) Arthrosclerosis.
C) Diabetes.
D) All of above.
5. 21. Hepatocytes build up lipoprotein which is a process inhibited by;
A) Anoxia.
B) Cyanid poisoning.
C) CCl4 poisoning.
D) None of above.
22. Autopsy of Fatty liver is manifested by;
A) Shrinkage.
B) Red color.
C) Tensed Capsule.
D) bulging below the cut section.
23. All if the following are stains for fats except;
A) Osmic stain.
B) Silver stain.
C) Sudan 3 stain.
D) Carmine stain.
24. Regarding fatty heart which is false;
A) Patchy form is caused by anemia
B) Diffuse form is caused by Typhoid
C) Diffuse form cause heart failure.
D) All are true.
25. Cell architecture is perceived by necrosis in the following case(s).
A) Coagulative.
B) Caseous.
C) Gummatous.
D) A and C.
26. Ischemia is a pathological stress manifested by hypoxia which affects brain
and spinal cord causing;
A) Coagulative necrosis.
B) Liquifactive necrosis.
C) Suppurtive inflammation.
D) B and C.
27. Apoptosis is a physiological case all the following is related to its
occurence except;
A) To maintain organ size.
B) To regain organ size.
C) Due to viral infection.
D) All are true.
6. 28. Gasgangrene is induced by;
A) Staphs.
B) strepticocci.
C) Clostridia)
D) sparophytes.
29. Regarding Cancrum oris all are ture except;
A) It is caused by arthroscleroisis and ergot toxicity.
B) It occurs in children infected by typhus.
C) It is induced in mouth due to malnuriention.
D) None of above.
Answers
1. d 2. c 3. c 4. b
5. a 6. d 7. b 8. c
9. d 10. d 11. c 12. a
13. b 14. d 15. a 16. c
17. d 18. b 19. d 20. d
21. c 22. c 23. d 24. b
25. d 26. d 27. c 28. c
29. b
Biochemistry
1. Which of the following represent the minor component of organic matter in
our body
a) Ash
b) Fat
c) Carbohydrate
d) Protein
2. Which of the following considerd as importance of water
a) Powerful solvent
b) Gives the body its elasticity
c) Medium of digestive juices
d) All the above
3. All the following are characteristics of water ,except:
a) Low specific heat
b) High latent heat of vaporation
c) High di electric constant
d) Medium for most chemical reaction
7. 4. Which of the following represent the major component of extracellular fluid
a) Dense connective tissue, cartilage
b) Interstitial, lymph
c) Plasma
d) Transcellular
5. Mostly, water is lost in
a) Respiration
b) Stools
c) Urine
d) Skin
6. Osmotic forces are main factors directing water from one compartment to
another
a) True
b) False
7. Which of the following produce more metabolic water during oxidation
a) Protein
b) Fats
c) Carbohydrate
d) All of the above are equal
8. All the following are related to intracellular dehydration manifested,
Except:
a) Extracellular fluid is hypertonic
b) Water shifted from inside cells to out side
c) Volume of urine is not changed
d) Nausea , vomiting, and dry tongue
9. Which of the following is integral part of tyrosinase enzyme
a) Cu
b) K
c) Ca
d) Mg
10. Which of the following is considered as essential trace elements:
a) Ca
b) Fe
c) Al
d) Na
11. Daily requirements of pottassium is greater than that of sodium
a) True
8. b) False
12. All the following are functions of sodium ,except:
a) Regulation of acid_ base equilibrium( extracellulary)
b) Maintenance of osmotic pressure( extracellulary)
c) Normal irritability of muscle
d) Keep intracellular acid-base balance
13. Cushing diaease leads to :
a) Hypernatremia
b) Hyperkalemia
c) Hypokalemia
d) A and c
14. Addison's disease leads to
a) Hypokalemia
b) Tachycardia
c) Muscle cramps
d) Hypertension
15. Plasma level of potassium is
a) 135 to 150 mEq/L
b) 3.5 to 5.3 mEq/L
c) 135 to 150 g/L
d) 3.5 to 5.3 g/ L
Answers
1. c 2. d 3. a 4. b
5. c 6. a 7. b 8. c
9. a 10. b 11. b 12. d
13. d 14. c 15. b
9. Community
1. Physical dimension is one of the dimensions regarding the health which
can be detected at the level of individual via all the following except;
A-Activity rate.
B-Clinical examinations.
C-Expectancy of life.
D-A and c
2. There is a specific tool for testing mental abilities in communities.
A-True.
B-False.
3. The individual to be mentally balanced which of the following has or have
to be fulfilled;
A-No internal conflicts.
B-Acceptance of criticism.
C-Coping with stress.
D-All the above.
4. Which is the following is the secondary important factor in health;
A-Financial factors.
B-Occupation.
C-Education
D-Heath services
5. The biological factors is an important indicator for health which depends
on the basis of;
A-Enviromental factors.
B-Genetic factors.
C-Causative agent factors.
D-All the above.
6. By 2020 one of the following occurs regarding health of community;
A-2 billions reach 60 years old.
B-Distribution of chronic diseases like hypertension.
C-1 billion reaches 60 years old.
D-b and c
7. Vocational factors in health indication fulfils;
A-Physical improvement via increase income.
B-Mental improvements via processing which produces satisfaction.
C-Social improvement through the values of cooperation.
D-All of above.
E- A and B.
10. 8. The germ theory explains tuberculosis with no limits;
A-True.
B-False.
9. Which of causation theory repress the concept of disease;
A-Multifactorial theory.
B-Germ theory.
C-Web theory.
D-Epidemiological theory.
10. regarding web theory ; the disease is treatable via breakage of at
least one factor of causative factors.
A-True.
B-False.
11. Which is represented as the concept of epideminology;
A-Natural history of the disease.
B-Epidimenological triad.
C-Sociocultural and hygiene.
D-All of above.
12. The exogenous chemical agent in etiology is;
A-Urea.
B-Glucose.
C-Iron.
D-Fumes.
Answers:
1. c 2. b 3. d 4. c
5. b 6. d 7. e 8. b
9. a 10. a 11. a 12. d
Best Wishes….
#Innovation_team