Information control and privacy are important for allowing people to maintain control over their lives and protect themselves from harm. Information control refers to managing information flows, while privacy is the right to control how personal data is collected and shared. There are various technical and policy methods for controlling information and protecting privacy, such as encryption, access controls, and data minimization. However, digital data collection and security threats pose ongoing challenges to privacy. Individual awareness and vigilance over personal data sharing are important for maintaining privacy and security.

1. INFORMATION CONTROL AND PRIVACY

2. WHAT IS INFORMATION CONTROL

3.  Information control is the process of managing the flow of
information. It can be used to protect sensitive
information, such as personal data, or to control the
spread of misinformation.

4. WHAT IS PRIVACY?

5.  Privacy is the right to control how your personal
information is collected, used, and shared. It is
important to protect your safety, security, and
dignity.

6.  Information control and privacy are important because
they allow people to maintain control over their own lives.
They also help to protect people from harm, such as
identity theft, fraud, and discrimination.

7. THERE ARE MANY DIFFERENT WAYS TO CONTROL INFORMATION
AND PROTECT PRIVACY. SOME OF THESE METHODS INCLUDE:
 Encryption: This is the process of scrambling information so that it can only be read by
authorized individuals.
 Access controls: These are mechanisms that restrict who can access certain information.
 Privacy policies: These are documents that explain how an organization collects, uses, and
shares personal information.
 Data minimization: This is the practice of collecting only the personal information that is
necessary for a specific purpose.
 Awareness: This is the process of educating people about the importance of information
control and privacy.

8. HERE ARE SOME OF THE CHALLENGES TO INFORMATION CONTROL
AND PRIVACY IN THE DIGITAL AGE:
 The increasing amount of data being collected and stored online.
 The growing sophistication of hacking and other cyber attacks.
 The rise of social media, which makes it easier for people to share
personal information with a wider audience.
 The lack of awareness about information control and privacy
issues.

9. HERE ARE SOME THINGS YOU CAN DO TO PROTECT YOUR
INFORMATION CONTROL AND PRIVACY:
 Be careful about what information you share online.
 Use strong passwords and security measures.
 Be aware of the privacy policies of the websites and apps you use.
 Educate yourself about information control and privacy is

10. CONSTITUTIONAL PRIVACY VS. INFORMATIONAL PRIVACY
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 Constitutional privacy is a legal right that protects individuals from
government intrusion into their personal lives. It is based on the Fourth
Amendment to the US Constitution, which prohibits unreasonable searches
and seizures. Constitutional privacy has been interpreted by the Supreme
Court to protect a wide range of activities, including

11.  The right to be free from government surveillance
 The right to make personal decisions about one's body and family
 The right to associate with others without government interference

12. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC
 Informational privacy is the right to control the collection,
use, and disclosure of one's personal information. It is a
relatively new concept, and there is no explicit
constitutional right to informational privacy. However, the
Supreme Court has suggested that informational privacy
may be protected by other constitutional rights, such as
the right to free speech and the right to due process of
law.

13. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CONSTITUTIONAL PRIVACY AND
INFORMATIONAL PRIVACY
 Constitutional privacy and informational privacy are related concepts, but they have some
important differences. Constitutional privacy is primarily concerned with protecting
individuals from government intrusion, while informational privacy is concerned with
protecting individuals from all forms of unauthorized access to their personal information.
 Another key difference is that constitutional privacy is a well-established legal right, while
informational privacy is a newer concept that is still evolving. As a result, there is less legal
clarity about the scope of informational privacy rights.

14. EXAMPLES OF CONSTITUTIONAL PRIVACY
 • The right to be free from government surveillance of your home or communications
 • The right to make personal decisions about your body, such as whether to have an abortion
or use contraception
 • The right to associate with others without government interference, such as joining a
political party or religious group

15. EXAMPLES OF INFORMATIONAL PRIVACY
 •The right to control who has access to your personal information, such as
your medical records, financial records, and social media accounts
 •The right to know how your personal information is being used and
disclosed
 •The right to correct or delete inaccurate personal information

16. PERSONAL DATA
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 Personal data is any information that relates to an identified
or identifiable natural person. This can include a wide range
of information, such as:

17.  Name
 Address
 Email address
 Phone number
 Date of birth
 Social Security number
 Medical records
 Financial records
 Employment records
 Educational records
 Online activity

18. Personal data can be collected in a variety of ways, including:
 Directly from the individual
 From public records
 From commercial databases
 From social media
 From online tracking

19. PERSONAL DATA IS USED FOR A VARIETY OF PURPOSES, SUCH AS:
 To provide services to individuals
 To market products and services to individuals
 To conduct research
 To prevent fraud
 To enforce the law

20. IMPORTANT THINGS TO KNOW ABOUT PERSONAL DATA:
 personal data is valuable, and it can be used for both good and bad purposes. It is important
to be aware of the risks associated with sharing your personal data and to take steps to
protect your privacy.
 You have the right to control how your personal data is collected, used, and disclosed. You
can opt out of having your personal data collected, and you can request access to your
personal data. You can also request that your personal data be corrected or deleted.
 There are laws in place to protect your personal data. These laws vary from country to
country, but they generally require organizations to collect, use, and disclose personal data in
a fair and transparent manner.

21. HOW TO PROTECT YOUR PERSONAL DATA:
 Be careful who you share your personal data with. Only share your personal
data with organizations that you trust.
 Be mindful of the privacy settings on your social media accounts.
 Use strong passwords and enable two-factor authentication on your online
accounts.
 Be careful about what information you share online.
 Review your privacy settings regularly and make sure that they are up to date.

22. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
MORAL REASONS FOR PROTECTING PERSONAL
DATA

23.  Respect for autonomy: People have the right to control their own lives and
make their own decisions. This includes the right to control who has access to
their personal information and how it is used.
 Privacy: Privacy is essential for human dignity and well-being. It allows us to be
ourselves and to engage in personal relationships without fear of being
judged or monitored.
 Security: Personal data can be used for malicious purposes, such as identity
theft, fraud, and discrimination. Protecting personal data helps to keep people
safe from these harms.
 Trust: Trust is essential for a functioning society. When people share their
personal data, they rely on the other party to use it responsibly and ethically.
Protecting personal data helps to maintain trust in our society.

24. HERE ARE SOME SPECIFIC EXAMPLES OF HOW PROTECTING
PERSONAL DATA CAN PROTECT THESE MORAL VALUES:
 Respect for autonomy: If a company collects a person's personal data without their consent,
or if it uses the data for a different purpose than what the person agreed to, this is a violation
of the person's autonomy.
 Privacy: If a company shares a person's personal data with other companies without their
consent, or if it makes the data publicly available, this is a violation of the person's privacy.
 Security: If a company's computer systems are hacked and people's personal data is stolen,
this can put people at risk of identity theft, fraud, and other harm.
 Trust: If a company is found to have misused or mishandled people's personal data, this can
damage its reputation and erode people's trust in it.

25. ACTIVITY
 Discussion questions:.
 What are some of the benefits of sharing personal information online?
 What are some of the risks associated with sharing personal information online?
 What are some strategies that we can use to protect our online privacy?
 What are some ways that we can educate others about the importance of information control and privacy?