This document discusses inflation, including its definition, causes, effects, and measures to control it. It defines inflation as a sustained increase in prices or fall in the value of money. Inflation can be caused by increases in demand (demand-pull) or costs of production (cost-push). It affects economies through reduced purchasing power, income redistribution, and uncertainty. Measures used to control inflation include monetary policy, fiscal policy, price controls, and supply-side policies. The document also discusses inflation trends and measures taken in Tanzania, such as increasing interest rates and reducing government spending and subsidies.