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INFECTION CONTROL FOR NURSES - Copy.pptx
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- 2. INFECTION CONTROLIS A SERIES OF PROCEDURES AND GUIDELINES TO PREVENT HOSPITAL ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS (HAI) WHAT IS INFECTION CONTROL?
- 3. INFECTIONS THATARE ACQUIRED BY PATIENTS DURING THEIR STAY IN HOSPITAL. (WITHIN 24 HOURS AFTER ADMISSION OR DISCHARGE) INFECTIONS THAT ARE ACQUIRED BY HEALTH CARE WORKERS WHILE WORKING IN HOSPITAL. WHAT ARE HOSPITAL ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS (HAI)
- 4. URINARY TRACTINFECTIONS (COLIFORM) SURGICAL WOUND INFECTIONS(MRSA) RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS(CHICKEN POX,MEASLES,H1N1) BLOOD STREAM INFECTIONS (MRSA,COLIFORM,ACINETOBACTER) HEPATITIS B INFECTION WHAT ARE THE COMMON HAI?
- 5. PATIENT TOPATIENT HEALTH CARE WORKER TO PATIENT PATIENT TO HEALTH CARE WORKERS HOW ARE THESE INFECTION TRANSMITTED?
- 6. CONTACT- DROPLETS AIRBORNE FOOD & WATER BLOOD & BODY FLUIDS VECTORS MODES OF TRANSMISSION
- 7. MANY HAIARE CAUSED BY HOSPITAL BACTERIA. THESE BACTERIA SURVIVE IN THE HOSPITAL BECAUSE THEY ARE RESISTENT TO THE COMMONLY USED ANTIBIOTICS. THESE BACTERIA INCLUDE MRSA,EXTENDED SPECTRUM BETA LACTAMASE(ESBL),ACINETOBACTER THESE BACTERIA MULTI DRUG RESISTANT. ANTIBIOTICS USED TO TREAT VERY EXPENSIVE. WHY IS HAI A PROBLEM?
- 8. INFECTIONS CANBE PREVENTED BY FOLLOWING A SET OF VERY SIMPLE,PRACTICAL GUIDELINES CALLED STANDARD PRECAUTIONS. STANDARD PRECAUTIONS SHOULD BE FOLLOWED BY ALL HEALTH CARE WORKERS IN ALL PATIENTS AT ALL TIMES. WHAT CAN WE DO PREVENT INFECTIONS?
- 9. STANDARD PRECAUTIO NS ALL HEALTH CARE WORKERS ALL TIME ALLPATIENTS STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
- 10. HAND WASHING GLOVES & PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT PATIENT CARE EQUIPMENT ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL LINEN OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH PATIENT ISOLATION PRINCIPLES OF STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
- 12. 1 ) HandHygiene Principles of standard precautions Single & most important procedure for prevention of HAI
- 13. RUNNING WATER SOAP SINGLE USE HAND TOWELS REQUIREMENTS
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- 20. Used andalternative to hand washing Do not used visibly soiled hands Has good immediate activity Does not require drying with a towel Less time consuming Does not cause drying of skin Does not destroy clostridium dificilae Can prepared in 97ml of 70% alcohol + 03ml glycerol ALCOHOL HAND RUB
- 21. When………….. 5 MOMENTS OFHAND HYGIENE
- 22. GLOVES ARE NOTA SUBSTITUTES FOR HAND WASHING 2 ) GLOVES
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- 28. the removalof visible soil (eg; inorganic and organic material) from objects and surfaces Cleaning
- 29. elimination ofmicro-organisms on inanimate objects with the exception of bacterial spores Disinfection
- 30. Disinfection High LevelDisinfection - It is a process that kills all viable micro-organisms including some of the bacterial spores Intermediate Level Disinfection - It is a process that kills all viable microorganisms excluding bacterial spores Low Level Disinfection -It is a process that kills most of the vegetative bacteria and some viruses e.g.- enveloped viruses
- 31. 2% GLUTARALDEHYDE(CIDEX) . 0.55% ORTHOPTHALDEHYDE (CYDEX OPA ) PARASAFE 1% CHLORINE RELEASING SOLUTION (T.C.L ) LYSOL (2.5 % OR 5% ) , DISINFECTANTS
- 32. ALL ITEMSSHOULD BE PHYSICALLY CLEAN WITH SOAP & WATER SUITABLE DISINFECTANT CORRECT STRENGTH DIP IN SOLUTION ENOUGH TIME CLEAN WITH STERILE WATER STORE PROPERLY ATTENTION PLEASE…..
- 33. 70 %ETHYL ALCOHOL (SURGICAL SPIRITS) BETADINE CHLORHEXIDINE COMPOUNDS (HIBITANE ) HYDROGEN PEROXIDE ANTISEPTICTS
- 34. Sterilization – complete eliminationor destruction of all forms of microbial life (including spores)
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- 36. Items inclinical practice - Critical items (high risk) - Semi critical items (intermediate risk) - Non-critical items (low risk) - Minimal risk items Disinfection & Sterilization (cont.)
- 37. Critical items Itemsthat enter sterile sites of the body - Surgical instruments - Dressings used in surgery - Prosthetic devices - Catheters/ IV cannulae - Needles/ Syringes NEEDS STERILIZATION Disinfection & Sterilization (cont.)
- 38. Semi criticalitems Items that come into contact with mucus membrane or non intact skin - Endoscopes - Anaesthetic equipment NEEDS HIGH LEVEL DISINFECTION Disinfection & Sterilization (cont.)
- 39. Non criticalitems Items that come into contact with intact skin - Stethoscope - BP cuff NEEDS LOW LEVEL DISINFECTION Disinfection & Sterilization (cont.)
- 40. Minimal riskitems Items that do not come into close contact with the patient - Floors, walls NEEDS CLEANING & DRYING Disinfection & Sterilization (cont.)
- 41. Cleaning Cleaningprinciples Cleaning schedules supervision 5) Environmental Control
- 42. Waste generatedin hospitals, healthcare establishments and research facilities during diagnosis, treatment immunization or research activity.
- 43. Risk Waste Pathological Waste Body parts,blood & other fluids Chemical waste Lab reagents, Disinfectants, solvents Genotoxic waste Cytotoxic drugs, genotoxic chemical Waste with high Heavy Metal Content Batteries, broken thermometers, Blood pressure gauges Pressurized Containers Gas cylinders, Cartridges & aerosol cans SS Needles, infusions sets, Scalpels, knives, blades Pharmaceutical waste Expired or no longer needed pharmaceuticals Infectious waste Lab Cultures, waste from isolation wards, tissues, etc Radio Active Waste Unused liquids from radiotherapy, urine & excreta from patients treated with radionuclides etc. SHARPS INFECTIOUS WASTE
- 44. Waste avoidance Waste minimization Segregation Collection /Packing Transportation Storage Treatment Disposal Waste Management
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- 46. BLACK -GENERALWASTE BLUE -DISCARDED CLEAN PAPERS YELLOW -INFECTIOUS WASTE ORANGE-PLASTIC BOTTLES(WITHOUT CYTOTOXICS) PURPLE-PLASTIC BOTTLES(WITH CYTOTOXICS) RED-GLASS BOTTLES(WITH OUT CYTOTOXICS) PURPLE-GLASS BOTTLES(WITH CYTOTOXICS) WASTE SEGREGATION-NCIM
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- 50. Leave spacethen remove the after closing the mouth of the bag using adhesive tape (Other wise mix with other waste) Sharp boxes should be closed when they are ¾ full Waste could be kept for 48 hrs only before treatment. Waste Packaging
- 52. Carts shouldbe covered Should be cleaned after use with a detergent & dried in the sun Carts should not be used for any other purpose Collection route should be from point of collection to storage Waste Transportation
- 54. Thick Gloves Mask Long Sleeved Shirt Plastic Apron Trousers Boots
- 55. Storage roomsshould be ventilated, Hazardous and non hazardous waste should be stored separately. Enclosed with no access to unauthorized persons, scavengers and animals. Should have facilities to clean & disinfect. ( water supply & drainage) The storage should be painted as per the National Colour Code.
- 56. Castle StreetHospital
- 57. Sewerage TreatmentPlants Treatment of Sewerage
- 58. Spillage Policy 5)Environmental Control
- 59. GLOVES MASK GOGGLES 30g TCL APRON SHOPPING BAG 1L BOTTLE HOW TO MAKE 1%TCL Dissolve 30g of the TCL powder in 1L of water & shake well. HOW TO MAKE SPILL KIT IN A BOX
- 60. Dissolve 30gof the TCL powder in 1L of water & shake well. HOW TO MAKE 1%TCL
- 61. RECEIVING A SETOF CLEAN LINEN IS A PATIENT’S RIGHT. 6) Care of linen
- 62. PERSONAL HYGIENE VACCINATION PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTAL EXPOSURES MANAGEMENT OF ACCIDENTAL EXPOSURES 7) Occupational health
- 63. Prevention of accidentalexposures 1. TAKE CARE TO PREVENT INJURIES WHEN USING, HANDLING, CLEANING, & DISPOSING SHARPS
- 64. 2. DON’T RECAP,BREAK OR BEND NEEDLES
- 65. 3. SHARPS MUSTNOT BE PASSED DIRECTLY FROM HAND TO HAND
- 66. 5. DISPOSE OFTHE SHARP BIN WHEN IT IS ¾ FULL.
- 67. 1. Don’t bepanic Management of Accidental Exposure
- 68. 2. Firstaid wash with running water with soap Don’t squeeze Control bleeding if necessary Antiseptics ….?
- 69. 3. Inform toInfection control unit For further instructions For documentation
- 70. 4. Assess thesituation what are the risks of patient ? Depth and exposure level of HCW
- 71. 5. Follow up Taking blood samples Post Exposure prophylaxis NAME NAGE NCIM BHT DATE NAME AGE BHT NCIM DATE
- 72. Good infection control practices Patient+ You Good Bye…..HAI