INEBRIANT POISONING.pptx
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Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant that is rapidly absorbed in the stomach and small intestine before being metabolized in the liver. It causes a state of excitement at low doses by initially stimulating the brain, followed by incoordination and impaired judgment at higher doses. Very high doses lead to a stage of narcosis where vital functions are depressed. Chronic alcohol poisoning can result in physical, mental and moral deterioration over time, damaging multiple organ systems like the liver and heart. Withdrawal from heavy long-term use can cause potentially fatal delirium tremens. Forensic analysis of bodies may reveal signs of chronic alcohol damage.
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Alcohol poisoning
1. Alcohol poisoning can occur from both acute and chronic alcohol consumption and has effects throughout the body, especially the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and liver.
2. Treatment for acute alcohol poisoning involves first aid measures like keeping the person awake and monitoring their symptoms, followed by further treatment in the hospital like gastric lavage and IV fluids.
3. Chronic alcohol use can lead to conditions like liver cirrhosis and Korsakoff's psychosis. Treatment focuses on medications to prevent further alcohol use and psychotherapy. Death from alcohol poisoning may result from related causes like traffic accidents, suicide, or organ failure.
Alcohol_Dr. Jeenal Mistry MD Pharmacology.pdf
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Complications of alcoholism
1. The document discusses the prevalence and properties of alcohol use in India. It notes that according to national surveys, the prevalence of alcohol use in the general population over 15 years is 21.4% and among treatment seekers is 43.9%.
2. Details are provided on the metabolism and absorption of alcohol in the body. The various preparations of alcohol are outlined along with standard drink measurements.
3. Both acute and chronic complications of alcohol use are summarized, including effects on the liver, gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular system, nervous system and development of nutritional deficiencies and cancers. Psychiatric complications like dependence, withdrawal syndrome, and persistent amnesia are also covered.
Beers and brains
This document discusses how alcohol affects the human nervous system. It begins by outlining its goals, which are to explain how alcohol manipulates reward circuits in the brain, the acute and chronic effects of alcohol consumption, and some neurological diseases caused by alcoholism. It then describes how alcohol interacts with neurotransmitters like dopamine, GABA, and glutamate in the nucleus accumbens reward center. Acute effects include euphoria and impaired functioning, while chronic excessive consumption can lead to conditions like Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, alcoholic neuropathy, cerebellar degeneration, and fetal alcohol syndrome. The document stresses that moderate alcohol intake may not be harmful, while excessive long-term use often damages the brain and
An approach to a case of poisoning (MBBS)
A 35-year-old male presented to the emergency room with tremors, shortness of breath, nausea, and vomiting after ingesting an unknown substance. The document provides guidance on evaluating and managing poisoning cases, including obtaining a thorough history, conducting a physical exam, ordering relevant investigations, providing supportive care and monitoring, considering decontamination procedures, enhancing elimination, and administering antidotes as needed. Specific symptoms and treatments are discussed for organophosphorus, paracetamol, aluminum phosphide, and zinc phosphide poisonings.
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This document discusses neurotics and alcohol. It defines different categories of neurotics such as cerebral, spinal, and peripheral neurotics. It then discusses alcohol in depth, including its absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, actions, acute and chronic poisoning, and treatment. It defines terms like inebriation and provides details on ethyl alcohol including its production, consumption levels, and percentages in different alcoholic beverages.
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Alcohol poisoning
1. Alcohol poisoning can occur from both acute and chronic alcohol consumption and has effects throughout the body, especially the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and liver.
2. Treatment for acute alcohol poisoning involves first aid measures like keeping the person awake and monitoring their symptoms, followed by further treatment in the hospital like gastric lavage and IV fluids.
3. Chronic alcohol use can lead to conditions like liver cirrhosis and Korsakoff's psychosis. Treatment focuses on medications to prevent further alcohol use and psychotherapy. Death from alcohol poisoning may result from related causes like traffic accidents, suicide, or organ failure.
Alcohol_Dr. Jeenal Mistry MD Pharmacology.pdf
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Complications of alcoholism
1. The document discusses the prevalence and properties of alcohol use in India. It notes that according to national surveys, the prevalence of alcohol use in the general population over 15 years is 21.4% and among treatment seekers is 43.9%.
2. Details are provided on the metabolism and absorption of alcohol in the body. The various preparations of alcohol are outlined along with standard drink measurements.
3. Both acute and chronic complications of alcohol use are summarized, including effects on the liver, gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular system, nervous system and development of nutritional deficiencies and cancers. Psychiatric complications like dependence, withdrawal syndrome, and persistent amnesia are also covered.
Beers and brains
This document discusses how alcohol affects the human nervous system. It begins by outlining its goals, which are to explain how alcohol manipulates reward circuits in the brain, the acute and chronic effects of alcohol consumption, and some neurological diseases caused by alcoholism. It then describes how alcohol interacts with neurotransmitters like dopamine, GABA, and glutamate in the nucleus accumbens reward center. Acute effects include euphoria and impaired functioning, while chronic excessive consumption can lead to conditions like Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, alcoholic neuropathy, cerebellar degeneration, and fetal alcohol syndrome. The document stresses that moderate alcohol intake may not be harmful, while excessive long-term use often damages the brain and
An approach to a case of poisoning (MBBS)
A 35-year-old male presented to the emergency room with tremors, shortness of breath, nausea, and vomiting after ingesting an unknown substance. The document provides guidance on evaluating and managing poisoning cases, including obtaining a thorough history, conducting a physical exam, ordering relevant investigations, providing supportive care and monitoring, considering decontamination procedures, enhancing elimination, and administering antidotes as needed. Specific symptoms and treatments are discussed for organophosphorus, paracetamol, aluminum phosphide, and zinc phosphide poisonings.
ALCOHOL & DISULFIRAM - PHARMACOLOGY
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an informative lecture on pharmacology of alcohols with juicy quotes and fantastic pics.... <3 .... satya
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This document discusses neurotics and alcohol. It defines different categories of neurotics such as cerebral, spinal, and peripheral neurotics. It then discusses alcohol in depth, including its absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, actions, acute and chronic poisoning, and treatment. It defines terms like inebriation and provides details on ethyl alcohol including its production, consumption levels, and percentages in different alcoholic beverages.
Neurotics presentation slides alcohol effects
This document discusses neurotics and alcohol. It describes different categories of neurotics including cerebral, spinal and peripheral neurotics. It then discusses alcohol in depth, including its absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, actions, acute and chronic poisoning, and treatment for alcohol poisoning. Key points include alcohol is primarily metabolized in the liver, it has depressant effects on the central nervous system, and chronic alcohol use can lead to organ damage and conditions like cirrhosis of the liver.
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This document discusses various types of drugs that act on the central nervous system. It describes two main stages of poisoning from these drugs - excitement and narcosis. It then categorizes different types of drugs and their effects, including inebriants like alcohol, ether, and chloroform. The rest of the document focuses specifically on alcohol, describing its absorption, metabolism, stages of poisoning, signs and symptoms, treatment for alcohol poisoning, and long term effects of chronic alcohol use including diseases of the liver, brain, and other organs.
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- Cocaine is a potent stimulant that causes increased heart rate, blood pressure, and risk of cardiac ischemia and arrhythmias. It can also cause psychomotor agitation, seizures, strokes, and gastrointestinal complications. Treatment of acute cocaine toxicity focuses on benzodiazepines to control agitation, seizures, hypertension, and arrhythmias. Body packers at risk of cocaine toxicity may require surgical removal of drug packets.
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•Shunting can either be surgical / spontenious.
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For More Medicine Free PPT - http://playnever.blogspot.com/
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INEBRIANT POISONING.pptx
- 2. CHARACTERIZED BY ■ Excitement ■ Narcosis ■ Classical Inebriant Alcohol
- 4. APPEARANCE ■ Transparent, colorless, volatile, spirit-like odor and burning taste. ■ Examples Rum Whiskey Gin Wines Beers
- 5. METABOLISM ■ Rapidly absorbed from GI tract ■ which depends on 1 . Concentration of alcohol 2. Presence or absence of food in the stomach 3. Condition of the Stomach Wall 4. Rate of Drinking 5. Weight of person 6. Development of tolerance ■ 90% of absorbed alcohol is oxidized in liver and 10% is excreted by kidneys and lungs.
- 7. ETHYL ALCOHOL POISOING(ACUTE) ■ Depresses the CNS (from cortex to medulla) ■ Depresses the higher centers that controls the judgement and behavior ( Stage of excitement) ■ Depresses the motor centers (Stage of incoordination) ■ Depresses the Vital centers in medulla (Stage of narcosis)
- 9. STAGE OF EXCITEMENT ■Laughs, converses well ■May disclose secrets ■Talk in vulgar language
- 10. ■ Incoordination of thoughts, speech and action. ■ Impaired Judgement, confusion, slurred speech and staggering ■ Morose, euphoric or irritable ■ Nausea, Vomiting ■ Pupils are dilated STAGE OF INCOORDINATION
- 11. ■ Deep sleep and responds well to stimuli. ■ Rapid, temperature, subnormal, breathing, stertorous ■ Pupils contracted ■ MAC EWAN’S SIGN : Pinching the neck or face pupils dilate or reach to their original size STAGE OF NARCOSIS
- 12. FATAL DOSE ■ Concentration of 0.35% (350mg) FATAL PERIOD 12 to 24 hours
- 13. TREATMENT ■ Gastric Lavage(5 %solution of sodium bicarbonate) ■ Saline purges and IV hypertonic glucose solution ■ Hemodialysis/ Peritoneal dialysis
- 14. POSTMORTEM APPEARNCES ■ Furred tongue ■ Bruises all over the body ■ Blood is fluid and dark ■ Brain is edematous ■ Oedema of larynx ■ Fatty liver ■ Stomach has gastritis
- 15. Liability to fatal complications such as head injuries, serious bleeding from trivial injuries , suffocation, drowning and exposure Medicolegal Importance
- 17. CHARACTERIZED BY ■ Gradual physical, moral and mental detoriation ■ Lack of personal hygiene ■ Loss of appetite ■ Chronic gastroenteritis ■ Wasting ■ Peripheral neuropathies ■ Impotence and sterility ■ Fatty changes in liver and heart
- 18. ■ State of excitement with hallucinosis ■ Lasts 3 to 4 days ■ Results from Unusual bout of drinking Sudden withdrawal of alcohol Acute infection Shock from injury Exposure to cold Treatment : Chlorpromazine 100mg QID IV hypertonic glucose to relieve cerebral oedema DELIRIUM TREMENS
- 19. KORSAKOFF’S PSYCHOSIS ■ Syndrome characterized by hallucinations, disorientation, multiple neuritis ■ Acute hallucinations Auditory with systematized delusions of persecution lasting from weeks to months. Treatment Antabuse Disulfiram Temposil (Calcium carbamide citrated)
- 21. POSTMORTEM APPEARANCE ■ Degenerative changes in the liver, kidneys and brain, atrophic gastritis ■ Cirrhosis of liver ■ Cardiomyopathy