17. In Cu t i Mu B uzima Amahugurwa y’abajyanama b’uzima: Igitabo cy’uhugurwa 11
Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi
Ibi p imo nyabyo by’indyo yuzuye
Ibipimo by’indyo yuzuye ku bana biteye bitya:
Umwana ufite munsi y’amezi 6: Abana bagomba konka nibura incuro
ziri hagati ya 8–12 ku munsi, igihe cyose babikeneye. Kugaburira umubyeyi
kenshi bituma agira amashereka menshi kandi bigafasha umwana gukura
akomeye kandi afite ubuzima bwiza.
Kuva ku mezi 6–8: Abana bagomba konka igihe cyose babishatse kandi
bakagaburirwa incuro ziri hagati ya 2–3 ku munsi. Tangiza umwana
ibiryo byoroshye (urugero nka porici) maze ugende wongeramo ibikomeye
gahoro gahoro. Umwana ashobora guhabwa ibiribwa bikomoka ku matungo
nk’inyama, amagi n’amafi hakiri kare, ariko bigomba kuba binombye
cyangwa se babikasemo uduce duto umwana abasha kumira. Tangiza
umwana ibiyiko 2–3 uko umugaburiye, ugende wongera gahoro ugeze ku
rushyi rwuzuye cyangwa se ugeze hafi ½ cy’igikombe gipima miliritiro 250.
Kuva ku mezo 9 kugeza ku myaka 2: Mugaburire ibindi biribwa incuro
3–4 ku munsi byunganira kumwonsa. Gaburira abana bato bafite hagati
y’amezi 9–11 ibiribwa byakuzura urushyi byiyongera ku mashereka cyangwa
hafi ½ cy’igikombe cya milimetero 250 uko umugaburiye. Gaburira abana
bafite hagati y’amezi 12 na 23 igipimo kinini, cyangwa kuva kuri ¾ kugeza
ku gikombe cyose cya milimetero 250 uko umugaburiye. Gaburira abana
bafite imyaka 2 no gusubiza hejuru ibiryo byinshi, cyangwa se igikombe cyose
cya miliritiro 250 uko umugaburiye. Ugomba gushyiramo ibiribwa byinshi
bikomoka ku matungo nk’inyama, amagi n’amafi.
Ku mezi 12, abana bose baba bashobora kurya ibiribwa byose bikomeye
byiyongera ku mashereka. Ushobora gukomeza kubaha ibiryo binombye
kuko byoroshye ku bana bato kubirya. Ushobora kumuha ibiribwa byoroheje
birimo intungamubiri z’inyongera (nk’imbuto, imigati cyangwa ubunyobwa)
incuro 1 cyangwa 2 ku munsi uko abishaka, uhereye ku mezi 6. Niba
ingano n’ireme ry’ibiryo uha umwana biri hasi, cyangwa se umwana akaba
atacyonka, muhe igikombe 1 cyangwa 2 by’amata cyangwa amafunguro
y’inyongera 2 buri munsi.
Kuva ku mezi 12 kugeza ku myaka 5: Abana bagomba konka kugeza ku
myaka 2 banahabwa ibiribwa bikomeye ku buryo buhoraho. Abana bakiri
bato batacyonka bagomba guhabwa nibura amafunguro yuzuye inshuro 4 ku
munsi arimo amoko 3 y’ibiribwa umubiri ukeneye.
18. Amahugurwa y’abajyanama b’uzima: Igitabo cy’uhugurwa InCuti Mu Buzima12
Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi
Ibipimo by’indyo yuzuye ku bantu bakuru
Abantu bakuru bagomba gufata amafunguro atubutse inshuro 2 ku munsi,
wongereyeho deseri (imbuto). Buri funguro rigomba kuba ririmo amoko 3
y’ibiribwa, urugero ibikombe 2 by’ifu y’ibigori, akaguru 1 k’inkoko n’ikirahuri
cy’umutobe.
Abantu babana n’ubwandu bw’agakoko gatera SIDA bakenera kurya
cyane kurusha abandi bantu bakuru (hiyongeraho 15–20%).
Abagore batwite na bo bakenera kurya cyane kugira ngo bagire ubuzima
bwiza hamwe n’abana batwite (bakenera kalori 500 z’inyongera cyangwa
kongeraho 25% ku byo basanzwe barya). Iyo abantu basanzwe barya incuro
2 ku munsi bisobanura ko bagomba kongeraho incuro ya gatatu, ni ukuvuga
½ cy’ayo mafunguro 2 cyangwa se bakongera igipimo cya rimwe muri ayo
mafunguro.
19. In Cu t i Mu B uzima Amahugurwa y’abajyanama b’uzima: Igitabo cy’uhugurwa 13
Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi
Kon sa
Konsa
Ni ibihe biribwa n’ibinyobwa bibereye abana bato
(bafite munsi y’amezi 6)?
Amashereka yonyine nicyo kiribwa n’ikinyobwa ku bana mu mezi 6 ya mbere
yabo yo kubaho. Mu mezi atandatu abanza, abana ntibaba bakeneye ibiribwa
cyangwa ibinyobwa ibyo ari byo byose, habe yewe n’amazi. Amashereka
yifitemo intungamubiri zose umwana akenera.
Umubyeyi agomba konsa umwana we incuro zingahe
(iyo afite munsi y’amezi 6)?
Umwana agomba konka nibura incuro 8 ku munsi, amanywa n’ijoro,
uko abikeneye. Konsa umwana kenshi bituma amabere y’umubyeyi akora
amashereka menshi kurushaho.
20. Amahugurwa y’abajyanama b’uzima: Igitabo cy’uhugurwa InCuti Mu Buzima14
Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi
Kuki konsa ari byiza ku bana?
Amashereka aha umwana muto intungamubiri zose akenera. Konsa kandi
bifasha kurinda impinja n’abana bato kurwaragurika kuko amashereka
arimo abasirikari b’umubiri w’umubyeyi bafasha kwirinda indwara. Nta
yandi mata ayo ari yo yose yifitemo aba basirikari.
Amata akomoka ku matungo cyangwa ay’ifu
muyatekerezaho iki? Ese si meza ku bana?
Oya. Amata akomoka ku matungo aba akomeye ku mwana kuko igifu kitabasha
kuyagogora, kimwe n’amata y’ifu. Amata y’ifu akoreshejwe amazi yanduye
ashobora gutera umwana impiswi, iyo ikaba ari ndwara mbi cyane ku bana.
Ese abagore babana n’ubwandu bw’agakoko getera
SIDA bashobora konsa abana babo nta kibazo?
Yego, iyo batangiye gufata imiti igabanya ubukana nibura amezi 3 mbere yo
kubyara kandi bakaba bagifata imiti 3 igabanya ubukana igihe bonsa. Iyo
umubyeyi atatangiye imiti igabanya ubukana nibura mu mezi 3 abanziriza
kubyara, agomba kugaburira umwana we akoresheje amata y’ifu akoresheje
amazi afite meza.
Ese umubyeyi agomba konsa umwana we kugeza ku
myaka ingahe?
Kugeza ku myaka 2 no hejuru yayo, kubera ko amashereka aha umwana
ifunguro, imbaraga n’ubwirinzi ku ndwara. Nyuma y’amezi 6, umwana
ashobora gutangira kurya ibiribwa bikomeye.
Ni gute umubyeyi ashobora gukora amashereka menshi?
Uko umubyeyi arushaho konsa, amabere ye arushaho gukora amashereka
menshi. Iyo umwana ari gukurura imoko, amabere y’umubyeyi arabyumva
agakora amashereka menshi.
Ese abagore bakora iki igihe bafite ikibazo cyo
kutabasha konsa?
Bashobora gusaba ubufasha ku kigo nderabuzima, cyangwa gusaba abagore
babimenyereye mu giturage kubafasha.
21. In Cu t i Mu B uzima Amahugurwa y’abajyanama b’uzima: Igitabo cy’uhugurwa 15
Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi
Abakobwa n’Abahungu
Abakobwa n’Abahungu
Ni bande bakeneye ibiribwa byinshi, abakobwa
cyangwa abahungu?
Abakobwa n’Abahungu bakenera ibipimo bingana by’ibiribwa. Bose bakenera
ibiribwa by’amoko yose bihagije kugira ngo bakure neza kandi bafire ubuzima
bwiza ku mubiri no mu bwenge.
Ni iki wakora mu gufasha imiryango kugaburira no kwita
ku bakobwa nk’uko babikorera abahungu n’abagabo?
Igisha imiryango ko abahungu n’abakobwa bakenera ibipimo bingana by’ibiribwa
by’ubwoko bwose kugira ngo bakure banatere imbere uko bikwiye. Igisha
imiryango ingaruka mbi z’imirire mibi n’uburyo ishobora kubera umuryango
umutwaro ukomeye, tutibagiwe gutera abana ubumuga buhoraho n’ibindi.
Rimwe na rimwe, abana bato – abakobwa cyangwa abahungu – ntibabasha
kurya byinshi kubera ko bakuru babo barya vuba bakabacura. Ugomba
gufasha imiryango kugenzura ko abana mu kigero cyabo bahabwa ibiribwa
bihagije by’ubwoko bwose kuri buri funguro bafashe.
22. Amahugurwa y’abajyanama b’uzima: Igitabo cy’uhugurwa InCuti Mu Buzima16
Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi
Imi r ire mibi bisobanura iki?
Imirire mibi ibaho iyo umubiri utabona ibiribwa bihagije cyangwa ntubone
amoko yose akenewe kugira ngo umubiri ukore neza.
Ingaruka z’imirire mibi – cyane cyane ku bana, abagore batwite n’abantu
babana n’ubwandu bw’agakoko gatera SIDA cyangwa izinda indwara
zinyuranye – zishobora kuba mbi cyane.
Abantu bafite imirire mibi bararwaragurika cyane, bakaba bamara igihe
bararembye kurusha abantu basanzwe bafata ifunguro ryuzuye. Ntibagira
imbaraga zihagije. Abana barwaye indwara z’imirire mibi bashobora
gutakaza ibiro byinshi, bakadindira mu mikurire rimwe na rimwe bakaba
banagendanirako. Abagore batwite bashobora kugira ibibazo igihe cyo
kubyara cyangwa bamaze kubyara. Iyo umubyeyi afite ingaruka zikomoka
ku mirire mibi, umwana atwite ashobora kuvuka ari muto cyane kandi nta
mbaraga afite. Abantu babana n’ubwanda bw’agakoko gatera SIDA cyangwa
izindi ndwara zinyuranye bararwaragurika cyane iyo bafite indwara ziterwa
n’imirire mibi kubera ko ubwirinzi bw’umubiri buba nta mbaraga bufite.
Nk’uko mubizi, imirire mibi iterwa n’ibintu byinshi. Bimwe muri ibi bibazo
nko kubura amakuru, ni ibintu abajyanama b’ubuzima bashobora gufasha
gukemura. Ibindi bibazo nk’ubukene cyangwa uburwayi bukabije biragoye
kubikemura ubwabo.
Ni ibihe bintu bitera imirire mibi?
Ni izihe mpamvu zerekana ko imirire mibi ibaho mu baturage bacu?
• Kubura amafaranga yo kugura ibiribwa
• Kubura ubutaka bwo guhingaho imyaka
• Kutonsa abana n’igihe nta kibazo byatera
• Kurya ibiryo bike cyangwa se bidahoraho
• Kongera amazi muri porici cyangwa mu mata y’ifu
• Ingo ziyoborwa n’abana
• Imyumvire ya kera nko kuvuga ko inyama zihabwa gusa abahungu
n’ abagabo
• Imico ishaje itegeka ko abagore ari bo bagomba guteka, gukora
imirimo no kwita ku muryango muri rusange. Iyo bigenze bityo,
23. In Cu t i Mu B uzima Amahugurwa y’abajyanama b’uzima: Igitabo cy’uhugurwa 17
Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi
abagore ntibabasha buri gihe kubonera abagize umuryango ibyo
kurya biboneye.
• Imiryango igizwe n’abantu benshi ntibashe kubona ibiribwa
bibahagije
• Indwara zinyuranye nk’ubwanda bw’agakoko gatera SIDA
zigabanya gushaka kurya cyangwa zigatuma umubiri utabasha
kwinjiza intungamubiri
• Abategura ibiribwa cyangwa ababihaha mu muryango usanga
bararembye batabasha guteka cyangwa gukora
• Kubura ubumenyi ku ifunguro ryuzuye
Imirire mibi ni ikibazo kiri henshi mu gihugu cyacu, kandi kiragoye cyane
kugikemura. Nk’abajyanama b’ubuzima, ntimushobora gukemura ibibazo
byose bitera imirire mibi. Ariko kandi, mushobora kwigisha imiryango
iby’ibanze ku indyo yuzuye, gusuzuma imirire mibi mu baturage ushinzwe
no kohereza abantu bafite ibibazo by’imirire mibi ku kigo nderabuzima.
Ushobora kandi gushishikariza imiryango kwitabira imyitozo ikorerwa ku
kigo nderabuzima yo kwerekera uko bahinga n’uko bateka. Ukanavugana
n’uhagarariye Gahunda y’ubufasha (POSER) ku kibazo cy’imiryango ifite
ibibazo by’imirire mibi. Nyuma y’aho ugomba kwandika amakuru areba
imiryango ifite ibibazo by’imirire mibi kugira ngo ikigo nderabuzima,
Minisiteri y’Ubuzima n’izindi nzego za Leta zibishakire umuti urambye.
Mu bice byose bisigaye by’aya mahugurwa turibanda kuri ubu bumenyi.
Mwibuke ko mufite uruhare runini cyane mu bikorwa byacu byo kugeza ku
bantu ubuvuzi bukomatanyije kandi bwubahiriza uburenganzira bwa muntu.
Igihe usuzuma imiryango ifite ibibazo by’imirire mibi ukayifasha kubona
imiti, uba uyifasha kubona indyo yuzuye no kugira imibereho myiza, ibyo
bikaba ari uburenganzira bw’ibanze bwa muntu.
24. Amahugurwa y’abajyanama b’uzima: Igitabo cy’uhugurwa InCuti Mu Buzima18
Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi
Im pa m v u, I bimenyetso n’Imivurire
by ’Imirir e Mibi
Ni ibihe bimenyetso by’imirire mibi muzi?
• Kubyimba inda
• Kunanuka birenze urugero
• Imitsi irabura ku mubiri
• Abana baragwingira (ntibiyongera ibiro cyangwa mu gihagararo)
• Ikibyimba mu ijosi (umwingo)
• Kutabona nijoro cyangwa kunanirwa kureba (kubura Vitamini A
mu mubiri)
• Umusatsi ujya gutukura cyangwa kuba umweru ku bana barwaye
bwaki ibyimbisha
• Amaboko, amaguru n’ ibirenge byabyimbaganye
Ni ibihe byiciro 3 by’abantu bigira ibyago byinshi byo
kugira imirire mibi?
• Abagore batwite
• Abana bafite munsi y’imyaka 5
• Abantu babana n’ ubwanda bw’agakoko gatera SIDA cyangwa
izindi ndwara zikomeye.
Kuki abana bafite munsi y’imyaka 5 baba bashobora
kugira ikibazo cy’imirire mibi?
Abana bafite munsi y’imyaka 5 bakenera ifunguro ryuzuye rifasha imibiri
n’ubwenge bwabo gukura neza. Iyo imibiri n’ubwenge byabo bidakuze neza,
bishobora kubagiraho ingaruka mbi mu buzima bwabo bwose.
25. In Cu t i Mu B uzima Amahugurwa y’abajyanama b’uzima: Igitabo cy’uhugurwa 19
Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi
Ni abahe bana bafite munsi y’imyaka 5 baba
bashobora kwibasirwa n’imirire mibi?
• Abana bavukanye ibiro bike cyane
• Abana bafite basaza na bashiki babo bapfuye bakurikiranye
• Abana bato mu muryango ufite abana benshi, cyangwa abana
bafite abavandimwe benshi bavutse ari indahekana
• Abana barwaye imbasa, inkorora idahagarara, impiswi, ubwandu
bw’agakoko gatera SIDA, cyangwa izindi indwara zikomeye
• Abana bacukijwe ibere imburagihe
• Impanga
• Imfubyi
26. Amahugurwa y’abajyanama b’uzima: Igitabo cy’uhugurwa InCuti Mu Buzima20
Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi
Bwaki yumisha na Bwaki ibyimbisha
Bwaki yumisha na Bwaki ibyimbisha
Bwaki yumisha na bwaki ibyimbisha bisobanura iki?
Bwaki yumisha na bwaki ibyimbisha zombi ni indwara ziterwa n’imirire mibi.
Ibimenyetso bya bwaki yumisha
• Kubyimba inda
• Kubyimbagana amaboko, amaguru, na/cyangwa mu maso
• Imikaya (inyama z’umubiri) zirayonga
• Uruhu rurihinahina ugasigara ubona amagufwa
• Kugira intege nke
• Gusonza cyane
27. In Cu t i Mu B uzima Amahugurwa y’abajyanama b’uzima: Igitabo cy’uhugurwa 21
Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi
Ibimenyetso bya bwaki ibyimbisha
• Imisatsi itukura cyangwa yacuranye ku bana
• Amaboko, amaguru n’ibirenge byabyimbaganye
• Umwuma
• Ibindi bimenyetso by’uburwayi birasa n’ibya bwaki yumisha
Bwaki yumisha na bwaki ibyimbisha ziterwa n’iki?
Kubura ibiribwa, cyane cyane za poroteyine n’ibinyasukari; akenshi ibi
bibaho iyo umwana acukijwe ntabe acyonka, iyo umwana atarya ngo ahage,
cyangwa iyo atagaburiwe ibyubaka umubiri bihagije birimo inyama, amata,
amagi, cyangwa ibishyimbo.
Wakora iki usanze umwana wo mu rugo ushinzwe arwaye bwaki
yumisha cyangwa ibyimbisha?
Kumwohereza ku kigo nderabuzima ako kanya. Uwo mwana avurirwa ku
kigo nderabuzima maze umuryango we ugahabwa Plumpy’nut. Byongeye
kandi ugomba kohereza uwo muryango muri Gahunda y’Ubufasha (POSER)
kugira ngo uhabwe imfashanyo y’ibiribwa ndetse n’inyigisho zerekeye uburyo
bwo gutegura indyo yuzuye.
31. In Cu t i Mu B uzima Amahugurwa y’abajyanama b’uzima: Igitabo cy’uhugurwa 25
Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi
Kubura amaraso mu mubiri
Kubura amaraso mu mubiri
Kubura amaraso bisobanura iki?
Igihe mu maraso nta “fer” ihagije irimo. “Fer” ni intungamubiri ifasha mu
kuzengurutsa umwuka mwiza (oxigen) mu mubiri wose.
Ni izihe mpamvu zitera kubura amaraso?
Kutarya ibiribwa birimo “fer” ihagije nk’inyama n’imboga rwatsi. Iyo umugore
asamye, agomba kujya kwisuzumisha ku kigo nderabuzima agahabwa
inyongera ya “fer.” (Agomba kandi kurya ibiribwa birimo “fer” buri gihe kugira
ngo yirinde kubura amaraso.)
Ni nde ufite ibyago byo kubura amaraso?
Abagore batwite kubera ko imibiri yabo igomba gukora amaraso menshi agomba
no gufasha umwana atwite. Ayo maraso akeneye inyongera ya “fer” nyinshi
kugira ngo atware umwuka mwiza (“oxygen”) anafashe umwana gukura.
32. Amahugurwa y’abajyanama b’uzima: Igitabo cy’uhugurwa InCuti Mu Buzima26
Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi
Ibimenyetso byo kubura amaraso
• Umwera mwinshi ku mubiri
• Kweruruka cyane mu bitsike by’amaso n’imbere mu kanwa
• Inzara zihinduka umweru
• Umunaniro ukabije
• Kubura umwuka
Wakora iki usanze umwe mu bagore batwite usuye afite ikibazo cyo
kubura amaraso?
• Hita umwohereza ku kigo nderabuzima ako kanya aho azahabwa
inyongera y’ikinini cya “fer” ku buntu.
• Nyuma yo kumwohereza ku kigo nderabuzima, mwigishe ibiribwa
bikungahe kuri fer nk’imboga rwatsi, inyama, amagi, amata
n’amafi, hanyuma umwigishe n’umuryango uburyo abagore batwite
bagomba gufata ibiribwa by’inyongera ku nyungu zabo n’iz’abana
bakeneye gukura.
• Ugomba kandi kwibutsa abagore bose batwite kujya ku kigo
nderabuzima muri gahunda ihoraho yo kwisuzumisha mbere yo
kubyara. Igihe cyo kwisuzumisha mbere yo kubyara umuganga
asuzuma ko umubyeyi nta kibazo cyo kubura amaraso afite.
33. In Cu t i Mu B uzima Amahugurwa y’abajyanama b’uzima: Igitabo cy’uhugurwa 27
Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi
Kutabona nijoro
Kutabona nijoro
Kutabona nijoro bisobanura iki?
Iyo umuntu adashobora kubona nijoro cyangwa ahantu hari urumuri ruke
ubusanzwe yagombye kubona.
Kutabona nijoro biterwa n’iki?
Kubura Vitamini A mu biribwa ku buryo bukabije.
Ni ba nde bafite ibyago byo kutabona nijoro?
• Abana bafite munsi y’imyaka 5 bashobora kugira iki kibazo kubera
ko amaso yabo aba agikura, biryo bakaba bakeneye Vitamini A
kurusha abantu bakuru kugira ngo bagire amaso abona neza.
• Abagore batwite bakenera Vitamin A nyinshi kugira ngo yunganire
ifunguro ryabo n’abana babo bakeneye gukura. Iyo batabonye
vitamini ihagije, bo cyangwa abana babo bashobora kurwara.
34. Amahugurwa y’abajyanama b’uzima: Igitabo cy’uhugurwa InCuti Mu Buzima28
Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi
Ni ibihe ibimenyetso byo kutabona nijoro?
• Umuntu utabona nijoro ashobora kugonga ibintu nijoro kubera ko
ataba abasha kureba mu mwijima kimwe n’abandi bantu bazima.
Bishatse kubuga ko amaso ye atabasha kubona mu mwijima,
ubusanzwe adufasha kuvangura amasura n’ibintu. Iyo kutabona
nijoro bitavuwe, bishobora gutera ubuhumyi bwa burundu.
Uzakora iki numenya ko umuntu afite ikibazo cyo kutabona nijoro?
• Mwohereze ku kigo nderabuzima ako kanya aho azahabwa
inyongera ya Vitamin A ku buntu.
• Igisha abaturage ibirebana no kutabona nijoro n’uburyo
babyirinda, barya amafunguro akungahe kuri Vitamin A
nk’amacunga, imbuto n’ imboga (karoti, imyungu, pome),
amapapayi) n’umwijima.
• Igisha ababyeyi kujya gushaka buri gihe inyongera ya Vitamini
A ku bana bafite munsi y’imyaka 5, nk’uko biteganyijwe ku
ikarita y’ikingira y’umwana. Vitamini A itangirwa ubuntu ku kigo
nderabuzima.
35. In Cu t i Mu B uzima Amahugurwa y’abajyanama b’uzima: Igitabo cy’uhugurwa 29
Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi
Umwingo/Kubura Iyodi
Umwingo/Kubura Iyodi
Umwingo ni iki?
Umwingo ni inyonjo cyangwa ikibyimba kiburungushuye kiza mu ijosi.
Ni iyihe impamvu itera umwingo?
Imyakura yo mu ijosi irabyimba cyane kubera ko umuntu atarya ibiribwa
byinshi birimo iodine, urugero umunyu wa iode ubwawo, imboga zeze ku
butaka burimo iode, ibyera mu mazi, amagi n’ibikomoka ku matungo.
Ubugari bw’ imyumbati buri gihe nabyo bushobora gutera umwingo kubera
ko imyumbati ibuza umubiri gukoresha iodine.
Ni ba nde bafite ibyago byo kurwara umwingo kurusha abandi?
Abana bafite munsi y’imyaka 15 hamwe n’abagore bageze mu kigero
cyo kubyara (imyaka 15–45) ni bo bakunze kurwara umwingo ku buryo
bw’umwihariko. Mu miryango imwe, abana n’abagore bahabwa ibiribwa
bitarimo iodine, noneho ibiribwa bifite iodine (amagi, umunyu n’ibikomoka ku
matungo) bikabikirwa abagabo. Ibyo bishobora guteza ingorane zikomeye cyane.
36. Amahugurwa y’abajyanama b’uzima: Igitabo cy’uhugurwa InCuti Mu Buzima30
Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi
Ni gute kubura Iyodi bishobora kuzahaza abana?
Abana bafite ikibazo cyo kubura Iyodi mu mubiri bashobora kugira ibibazo
bihoraho mu mikurire y’ubwenge bwabo.
Iyo umugore utwite afite ikibazo cy’ibura rya Iyodi mu mubiri, umwana
atwite ashobora kugira ikibazo mu bwonko cyangwa akavukana ubwenge
buke ugereranyije n’abandi bana. Ibi bisobanura ko ubwonko bw’umwana
budakura uko bikwiye. Umwana uhorana ibibazo by’imikurire y’ubwonko
ashobora kutabasha kuvuga cyangwa ntakore imirimo neza. Uwo mwana
ashobora kutabasha kwiga gusoma cyangwa kwiyambika cyangwa
kwigaburira.
Ugomba gukora iki umenye ko umuntu arwaye umwingo?
Mwohereze ku kigo nderabuzima ako kanya aho azahabwa inyongera ya
iodine ku buntu.
Igisha abaturage akamaro ko kurya ibiribwa bikize kuri iodine nk’umunyu
wa iodine ubwawo, imboga zeze ahantu hari iodine, amafi, amagi n’amata.
37. In Cu t i Mu B uzima Amahugurwa y’abajyanama b’uzima: Igitabo cy’uhugurwa 31
Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi
G u p ima Umuzenguruko w’ikizigira
(MUAC)
Igikoresho cyifashishwa ni MUAC, cyangwa gupima “Umuzenguruko
w’ikizigira.” MUAC ikoreshwa ku bana bafite hagati y’amezi 6 n’imyaka 5.
Ugomba gupima abana bose bafite munsi y’imyaka 5 buri kwezi uko usuye
ingo ushinzwe.
Uko ibice byo gupima umuzenguruko w’ikizigira
bikurikirana
1. Shakisha umwenge w’agashumi gapima ikizigira (MUAC).
2. Shyira umwenge ku rutugu rw’ibumoso rw’umwana, amabara
y’agashumi areba ku nkorora y’umwana.
38. Amahugurwa y’abajyanama b’uzima: Igitabo cy’uhugurwa InCuti Mu Buzima32
Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi
3. Pima umwanya uri hagati y’umwenge n’inkokora y’umwana.
4. Shakisha hagati na hagati y’urutugu n’inkokora. Aho hagati ni
ho uza gupimira ikizigira (MUAC).
39. In Cu t i Mu B uzima Amahugurwa y’abajyanama b’uzima: Igitabo cy’uhugurwa 33
Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi
5. Shyira agashumi gapima ikizigira ukazengurukije akaboko
k’umwana hagati na hagati y’urutugu n’inkokora.
6. Seseka agace ko hasi mu mwenge w’agashumi.
40. Amahugurwa y’abajyanama b’uzima: Igitabo cy’uhugurwa InCuti Mu Buzima34
Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi
7. Ibara/sentimetero ubona mu mwenge ni cyo gipimo cya MUAC,
kikaba cyerekana uko imirire y’umwana ihagaze.
8. Umutuku (sentimetero 5.5–11) = umwana agomba koherezwa
ku ivuriro ako kanya.
Umuhondo (sentimetero 11–12.5) = ifunguro ry’umwana rigomba
kugenzurwa n’umuryango ukigishwa uburyo bwo kugaburira
umwana ifunguro ryuzuye.
Icyatsi kibisi (sentimetero 12.5 cyangwa kurenzaho) = Umwana
afite ubuzima bwiza. Umuryango ugomba gushimwa no gukomeza
ishyaka no kugaburira umwana neza.
9. Andika ibipimo byawe ku mafishi yabugenewe.
41. In Cu t i Mu B uzima Amahugurwa y’abajyanama b’uzima: Igitabo cy’uhugurwa 35
Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi
Kubyimbag ana
Kubyimbagana
Kubyimbagana bigaragara ku birenge by’umwana, ku bice byo hepfo
by’amaguru, ku maboko, mu maso, rimwe na rimwe umubiri, wose
ukabyimbagana. Kubyimbagaba bishobora guterwa n’ibintu byinshi, ariko
bigaragarira ku birenge by’umwana. Akenshi biterwa n’imirire mibi, ku
kubura poroteyine by’umwihariko. Kubyimbagana bikunze kujyana na
bwaki ibyimbisha twaganiriyeho mu bice bibanza. Iyo ujombye urutoki
mu gice cy’akaguru kabyimbaganye, ikimenyetso cy’urwo rutoki akenshi
gikomeza kugaragara. Ibyo byitwa kubyimbagana.
Kubyimbagana bishobora guterwa n’ibintu byinshi. Nyamara kandi, iyo
umwana atababara iyo ukoze ahabyimbye ku kaguru, akenshi icyo aba
ari ikimenyetso cyo kubyimbagana giterwa n’imirire mibi. Iyo umwana
42. Amahugurwa y’abajyanama b’uzima: Igitabo cy’uhugurwa InCuti Mu Buzima36
Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi
abababara, uko kubyimbagana gushobora kuba kwatewe n’indi mpamvu.
Uwo mwana agomba koherezwa ku kigo nderabuzima.
Gutahura ko umwana yabyimbaganye:
1. Jomba urutoki rwa meme cyane hejuru y’ikirenge cy’umwana
cyangwa ku magufwa y’umurundi.
2. Kanda umare amasegonda 3.
3. Kuraho urutoki rwawe.
4. Niba ubonye ikimenyetso (umwobo) ku birenge byombi
aho wajombye intoki, icyo kiraba ari ikimenyetso cyo
kubyimbagana. Uwo mwana ashobora kuba yarabyimbaganye
kubera imirire mibi, bityo agomba koherezwa ku kigo
nderabuzima.
Icyo wakora uramutse usanze umwana
yarabyimbaganye
1. Ku bana bafite munsi y’imyaka 5, uzuza amafishi yo kohereza
akoreshwa mu buvuzi bw’ibanze bukomatanyije ku ndwara
z’abana (PCIME), maze uhite ubohereza ku kigo nderabuzima.
2. Niba umwana yarabyimbaganye akaguru 1 gusa, ntiwuzuza
ifishi yo kumwohereza kwa muganga. Ugomba kuburira
umuryango ko uwo mwana ashobora kuba atangiye kugira
imirire mibi, sobanurira umuryango ibibi by’indwara ziterwa
n’imirire mibi ikabije, kandi ubasobanurira ko umwana wabo
akeneye kurya ibiribwa byubaka umubiri byinshi nk’amagi,
inkoko, inyama, amata cyangwa ibishyimbo.
3. Ku ngero z’imirire mibi idakabije mu bana bafite munsi
y’imyaka 5, ugomba kubwira umuryango ko bagomba
kugaruka kwisuzumisha nyuma y’iminsi mike kugira
ngo barebe uko umwana ahagaze. Basobanurire ko
umwana naramuka arembye bagomba kumujyana ku kigo
nderabuzima ako kanya.
43. In Cu t i Mu B uzima Amahugurwa y’abajyanama b’uzima: Igitabo cy’uhugurwa 37
Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi
4. Andika amakuru arebana no kubyimbagana ku mafishi
yabugenewe.
5. Igihe ukora igenzura, reba kubyimbagana ku maguru yombi,
maze ubaze abagize umuryango ibyo bahinduye mu ifunguro
ry’umwana.
6. Andika amakuru ubonye mu isura ryawe ku mafishi
yabigenewe.
Iyo umwana yabyimbaganye amaguru yombi, ugomba gukora iki?
• Kumwohereza ku kigo nderabuzima ako kanya.
• Uzuza amafishi yabigenewe.
Iyo umwana yabyimbaganye akaguru 1, ugomba gukora iki?
• Kwigisha umuryango ibibi n’impanvu zitera kubyimbagana.
Basobanurire ko umwana afite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura
indwara ziterwa n’imirire mibi bityo akaba akeneye ibiribwa
byubaka umubiri nk’amagi, amata, inyama, inkoko, cyangwa
ibishyimbo.
• Sobanura ko uzagaruka gusuzuma umwana, kandi ko bagomba
kumujyana ku kigo nderabuzima ako kanya niba agaragaje
ibimenyetso mpuruza.
• Andika amakuru kuri gahunda yo kuvurira abana bato mu giturage
ku mafishi maze ukurikirane mu munsi 1 kugeza ku iminsi 2.
44. Amahugurwa y’abajyanama b’uzima: Igitabo cy’uhugurwa InCuti Mu Buzima38
Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi
G u p ima ibir o by’abana
Kumanika umunzani
1. Manika umunzani uringaniye ku buryo urushinge rw’umukara
rureba hejuru.
2. Zirika umutwe w’icyuma ku ishami ry’igiti cyangwa ku mugozi.
3. Reba ko urushinge rw’umukara ruri kuri “0.” Niba rutariho,
ruzengurutse ugana iburyo kugeza igihe rugereye kuri “0.”
4. Shyira umwana mu ikabutura yo gupima.
5. Zirika ikabutura mu cyuma kimanitse munsi y’umunzani.
6. Iyo ushyize ikabutura mu munzani, urushinge rw’umukara
rurikaraga ubwarwo.
7. Iyo uvanye ikabutura mu munzani, urushinge rugomba
kugaruka kuri “0.”
8. Ibiro umwana afite bigaragarira mu kaziga k’imibare
y’umukara. Imirongo mito iri hagati y’imibare isobanura
amagarama, abarwa mu 100s.
9. Umunzani ushobora gupima kugeza ku biro 25.
Gukoresha iminzani y’abakuru mu gupima abana bafite
munsi y’imyaka 5
1. Tereka umunzani hasi ahantu harambuye maze ugenzure ko
urushinge rureba kuri zero.
2. Saba umubyeyi kwambura umwana imyenda n’inkweto,
amuterure maze ahagarare ku munzani amucigatiye.
3. Andika ibiro by’umubyeyi n’umwana biteranye.
4. Pima umubyeyi wenyine hanyuma uvane ibiro bye mu
by’umubyeyi n’umwana.
5. Icyo ubona ni byo biro by’umwana.
45. In Cu t i Mu B uzima Amahugurwa y’abajyanama b’uzima: Igitabo cy’uhugurwa 39
Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi
Ifishi y’imikurire
Buru kwezi ugomba gupima ibiro by’abana bose bari mu gace ukoreramo
ukandika Imyaka/Ibiro ku mafishi y’imikurire yabo.
Umutuku = umwana agomba guhita yoherezwa ku ivuriro.
Umuhondo = Imirire y’umwana igomba kugenzurwa n’umuryango
ukigishwa uburyo bwo guha umwana ifunguro ryuzuye.
Icyatsi kibisi = umwana afite ubuzima bwiza. Umuryango ugomba
gushimirwa no gukomeza ishyaka no kugaburira umwana neza.
53. In Cu t i Mu B uzima Amahugurwa y’abajyanama b’uzima: Igitabo cy’uhugurwa 47
Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi
Urutonde rw’Ingingo zirebana na Gahunda yo Gupima
Abana Buri Kwezi
¨¨ Menyesha abaturage mbere y’igihe n’ahantu gahunda yo gupima
abana ya buri kwezi izabera.
¨¨ Hitamo ahantu haberanye no kumanika umunzani kandi horoshye
kugera.
¨¨ Hagere mbere.
¨¨ Manika umunzani.
¨¨ Genzura ko urushinge ruri kuri zero.
¨¨ Tegura Igitabo cy’Umudugudu hamwe n’amafishi yabigenewe.
¨¨ Suhuza abaturage uko bagenda bahagera.
¨¨ Saba umubyeyi wa mbere/urera umwana kuzana umwana we
utarengeje imyaka 5 imbere.
¨¨ Saba umubyeyi/urera umwana kuguha ifishi y’imikurire/y’ikingira
y’umwana.
¨¨ Ambura umwana imyenda n’inkweto (cyangwa usabe umubyeyi
kumwambura).
¨¨ Genzura niba umwana nta bimenyetso rusange by’imirire mibi
afite (Reba mu maso, imisatsi, ibindi).
¨¨ Pima umwana.
¨¨ Andika imyaka n’ibiro by’umwana mu Gitabo cy’Umudugudu no ku
mafishi yabigenewe.
¨¨ Andika imyaka n’ibiro by’umwana ku ifishi bakurikiraniraho ibiro/
imyaka.
¨¨ Genzura niba umwana ari mu ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi, mu muhondo
cyangwa mu mutuku.
¨¨ Pima umwana umuzenguruko w’ikizigira (MUAC).
¨¨ Genzura niba MUAC y’umwana iri mu cyatsi kibisi, mu muhondo
cyangwa mu mutuku.
¨¨ Andika ibipimo bya MUAC ubonye mu gitabo cy’Umudugudu no ku
ifishi bakurikiraniraho imyaka/ibiro.
¨¨ Suzuma niba atarabyimbaganye.
54. Amahugurwa y’abajyanama b’uzima: Igitabo cy’uhugurwa InCuti Mu Buzima48
Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi
¨¨ Niba usanze umwana afite ikibazo gikomeye cy’imirire mibi
(ari mu mutuku), uzuza ifishi yo kuvuriraho abana bato mu
giturage (cIMCI) maze ubwire urera umwana kumujyana ku
kigo nderabuzima. Kurikirana uwo muryango mu minsi mike
ubohereze muri Gahunda ya POSER niba ari ngombwa.
¨¨ Niba umwana afite ikibazo cy’imirire mibi idakabije (ari mu
muhondo), gira inama umurera ku indyo yuzuye agomba
kumuha. Kurikirana uwo muryango iminsi mike ubarangire
Gahunda ya POSER niba ari ngombwa.
¨¨ Niba usanze umwana agaburirwa neza (ari mu cyatsi kibisi),
shimira umurera maze umushishikarize gukomeza kumuha indyo
yuzuye.
¨¨ Ibutsa abarera abana kuzabazana mu gikorwa cy’ipima cy’ukwezi
kuzakurikiraho.
¨¨ Baririza imiryango yose ifite abana bafite munsi y’imyaka 5 yo mu
gace kawe bataje kwipimisha maze ubasure umenye impamvu bataje.
55. In Cu t i Mu B uzima Amahugurwa y’abajyanama b’uzima: Igitabo cy’uhugurwa 49
Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi
Plumpy’ nut
Plumpy’nut ni iki?
Ni ikiribwa ikaba n’umiti. Ikoreshwa mu kuvura imirire mibi ikabije mu
bana, igihe umwana nta zindi ndwara arwaye.
Plumpy’nut igizwe n’ibiki?
Ubunyobwa, amavuta, amata, isukari, imvange ya minerals na za vitamini.
Kubera iki plumpy’nut igira akamaro cyane?
• Abana bafite ingaruka z’imirire mibi ntabwo bakunda kurya.
Plumpy nut iraryohera, bigatuma abana bamwe na bamwe
bayikunda.
• Niyo ndyo yonyine umwana agomba kurya igihe arimo kuvurwa
indwara z’imirire mibi ikabije.
• Ibonekamo intungamubiri umwana akeneye.
• Ntabwo biba ngombwa ko ibikwa muri frigo, bityo imiryango
ishobora kuyibika imuhira nta ngorane.
• Ntabwo igombera gutekwa.
• Ivura imirire mibi mu gihe gito cyane mu bana.
Plumpy’nut ikoreshwa gute?
Iyo umujyanama w’ubuzima abonye umwana ufite ikibazo cy’imirire mibi
ikabije, ikigo nderabuzima kigomba kumuha Plumpy’nut. Akazi ka mbere
k’umujyanama w’ubuzima ni ukohereza abana barwaye indwara ziterwa
n’imirire mibi ikabije ku kigo nderabuzima kugira ngo bashyirwe muri
gahunda y’abahabwa Plumpy’nut. Hanyuma Umujyanama w’Ubuzima afasha
umuryango gukoresha Plumpy’nut neza, kurikirana umenye ko umwana ufite
indwara ziterwa n’imirire mibi ayihabwa, kandi ugenzure ko umuryango
uhabwa Plumpy’nut buri cyumweru ku kigo nderabuzima.
Umujyanama w’ubuzima ashinzwe kandi kugenzura ko umwana ahabwa
Plumpy’nut yose yandikiwe nk’umuti akurikirana kandi agafasha
umuryango. Iyo Plumpy’nut itanzwe neza, umwana aba yagaruye agatege
neza nyuma y’igihe kiri hagati y’ibyumweru 4–6.
56. Amahugurwa y’abajyanama b’uzima: Igitabo cy’uhugurwa InCuti Mu Buzima50
Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi
Plumpy’nut ni ikiribwa n’umuti gusa ku bana barwaye indwara
ziterwa n’imirire mibi.
Plumpy’nut ni indyo ndetse ikaba n’umuti. Ntabwo bagomba kuyisangira
n’undi muntu uwo ari we wese.
Karaba intoki no mu maso mbere yo kugaburira umwana
Plumpy’nut. Bika Plumpy’nut ipfundikiye.
Urera umwana agomba gukaraba intoki ndetse agakarabya n’umwana
intoki no mu maso akoresheje amazi meza n’isabune mbere yo kugaburira
umwana Plumpy’nut. Urera umwana agomba kugirira isuku ibiribwa byose
akabipfundikira abirinda isazi.
57. In Cu t i Mu B uzima Amahugurwa y’abajyanama b’uzima: Igitabo cy’uhugurwa 51
Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi
Gaburira umwana ibipimo bito bito bya Plumpy’nut incuro nyinshi
ku munsi (kugeza ku ncuro 8).
Abana bafite indwara zikomoka ku mirire mibi rimwe na rimwe
ntibakunda kurya. Urera umwana yakwiye kumuha Plumpy’nut nke
maze akamushishikariza kurya. Plumpy’nut niyo ndyo yonyine umwana
akeneye igihe avurwa.
Kirazira kuvanga Plumpy’nut n’amazi.
KIRAZIRA kuvanga Plumpy’nut n’amazi (cyangwa ibindi binyobwa) mbere
kuyigaburira umwana.
58. Amahugurwa y’abajyanama b’uzima: Igitabo cy’uhugurwa InCuti Mu Buzima52
Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi
Abana bato bagomba konka nyuma bagahabwa Plumpy’nut.
Abana bato cyane (munsi y’imyaka 2) bakwiye gukomeza konka mbere yo
guhabwa Plumpy’nut. Bagomba kubanza konka, nyuma bakagaburirwa
Plumpy’nut (mbere y’uko bahabwa ibindi ibiribwa).
Ha umwana amata cyangwa amazi meza igihe ari kurya Plumpy’nut.
Urera umwana agomba kumuha amata cyangwa amazi meza nyuma y’uko
amutamitse ikiyiko cya Plumpy’nut. Ibi byorohereza umwana kurya byinshi.
59. In Cu t i Mu B uzima Amahugurwa y’abajyanama b’uzima: Igitabo cy’uhugurwa 53
Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi
Gaburira umwana Plumpy’nut n’igihe arwaye impiswi.
Igihe umwana arwaye impiswi, urera umwana nta bwo yakwiye guhagarika
kumugaburira. Iyo umwana yonka, umurera agomba kongera incuro zo
kumwonsa iyo umwana yafashwe n’impiswi. nyuma kugaburira Plumpy’nut
umwana urwaye impiswi, umurera agomba kumuha amazi meza (atetse)
menshi kurusha ubusanzwe. Iyo umwana akomeje kugira inzara nyuma yo
kurya Plumpy’nut, umurera ashobora kumugaburira ibindi biribwa.
Umwana urwaye agomba gufubikwa bihagije.
Abana barwaye bakunda kugira imbeho. Urera umwana yakwiye gufubika
umwana kugira ngo ashyuhe.
60. Amahugurwa y’abajyanama b’uzima: Igitabo cy’uhugurwa InCuti Mu Buzima54
Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi
Ni izihe mbogamizi mwumva muzahura na zo igihe
muzaba mwigisha imiryango gukoresha Plumpy’nut?
• Imiryango ishobora gutekereza ko ibiribwa ari byo bifite akamaro
kurusha Plumpy’nut.
• Imiryango ishobora kunanirwa gukurikiza ibice byose neza.
• Imiryango ishobora kuba ituye kure y’ikigo nderabuzima.
• Imiryango ishobora kugabanya Plumpy’nut abana benshi.
Wafasha ute umubyeyi w’umwana cyangwa umurera
ugomba kugaburira umwana we Plumpy’nut?
• Ifashishe amafoto ari muri iki gitabo mu gusobanura no kwigisha.
• Berekere ugaburira umwana gake.
• Baza urera umwana ibibazo yumva bagira maze umufashe
gutekereza uburyo yabikemura.
61. In Cu t i Mu B uzima Amahugurwa y’abajyanama b’uzima: Igitabo cy’uhugurwa 55
Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi
G a hund a y’Ubufasha (POSER)
Gahunda y’Ubufasha (POSER)
Abantu bose bafite uburenganzira ku buzima bwiza n’imibereho myiza.
Ifunguro ni uburenganzira bw’ibanze bwa muntu. Iyo imiryango yazahajwe
n’ibibazo by’imirire mibi, ubwandu bw’agakoko gatera SIDA, cyangwa
ibindi bibazo biterwa n’ubukene, Gahunda y’Ubufasha (POSER) ishobora
kubafasha. Gahunda y’Ubufasha (POSER) igize igice cy’ingenzi mu bikorwa
byacu byo kugeza ku bantu ubuvuzi kandi bushingiye ku kubahiriza
uburenganzira bwa muntu. Nk’umujyanama w’ubuzima, ushobora kwigisha
imiryango ibirebana na Gahunda y’Ubufasha (POSER) no kubohereza ku kigo
nderabuzima aho bashobora kwigishwa ibirenzeho.
62. Amahugurwa y’abajyanama b’uzima: Igitabo cy’uhugurwa InCuti Mu Buzima56
Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi
Agaki no ka 1
Kina aka gakino:
Mariya na Yohani
Umujyanama w’ubuzima akunda gusura umuryango urimo impanga
zitwa Mariya na Yohani zimaze imyaka 2 zivutse. Kuva ku mwaka 1
igihe Mariya na Yohani bahagarikiye konka, Umujyanama w’Ubuzima
yabonye ko ibiro by’abo bana byagiye birushanwaho gato ubirebeye ku
mafishi babakurikiraniraho. Mu gihe izo mpanga zapimaga ibiro 10kg
ku mwaka 1, kuva icyo gihe Yohani yiyongereye ibiro cyane kurusha
mushiki we. Kuri ubu bafite imyaka 2, ikinyuranyo ni kinini cyane,
kuko Yohani apima ibiro 12 na ho Mariya akaba yenda kugira ikibazo
cy’imirire mibi kuko apima 9 gusa. Umujyanama w’Ubuzima arakeka
ko uyu muryango ugaburira Yohani ibiryo byinshi kurusha Mariya,
kubera ko Yohani ari umuhungu. Yegereye umubyeyi wabo amubaza
uko bimeze n’incuro agaburira abana be kugira ngo amugire inama ku
ndyo yuzuye muri rusange no kugaburira abakobwa ibiribwa bingana
n’iby’abahungu.
Amabwiriza:
• Hitamo umuntu 1 mu itsinda ukina yitwa umujyanama
w’ubuzima n’undi 1 ukina ari umuturage usanzwe/umurwayi.
• Abagize itsinda bose bagomba gufasha mu kwemeza ibyo abo
bantu baza kuvuga no gukora.
• Hanyuma abo bakinnyi bombi bagomba kwitoza uko baza gukina
ako gakino. Abandi bantu bagize itsinda bagomba kwitegereza
bagatanga ibitekerezo niba ari ngombwa.
• Mufite iminota 20 yo gutegura agakino kanyu.
63. In Cu t i Mu B uzima Amahugurwa y’abajyanama b’uzima: Igitabo cy’uhugurwa 57
Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi
Agaki no ka 2
Kina aka gakino:
Edi
Umujyanama w’Ubuzima asuye bwa mbere Edi na nyirakuru
umurera. Edi afite imyaka 4, ariko apima ibiro 10 gusa. Umujyanama
w’Ubuzima agenzuye niba Edi atarabyimbaganye maze ajombye
urutoki ku tuzirabunonko twe hasigara umwobo. Umujyanama
w’Ubuzima yemeje ko Edi afite ikibazo cy’imirire mibi ikabije, kandi
nta muntu afite mu muryango we ushobora kumwitaho. Yegereye
nyirakuru wa Edi amusaba kujyana umwana ku kigo nderabuzima.
Umujyanama w’Ubuzima kandi yujuje amafishi yose ya ngombwa,
yigisha nyirakuru ibijyanye n’indyo yuzuye, arangije amwohereza ku
musosiyari.
Amabwiriza:
• Hitamo umuntu 1 mu itsinda ukina yitwa umujyanama
w’ubuzima n’undi 1 ukina ari umuturage usanzwe/umurwayi.
• Abagize itsinda bose bagomba gufasha mu kwemeza ibyo abo
bantu baza kuvuga no gukora.
• Hanyuma abo bakinnyi bombi bagomba kwitoza uko baza gukina
ako gakino. Abandi bantu bagize itsinda bagomba kwitegereza
bagatanga ibitekerezo niba ari ngombwa.
• Mufite iminota 20 yo gutegura agakino kanyu.
64. Amahugurwa y’abajyanama b’uzima: Igitabo cy’uhugurwa InCuti Mu Buzima58
Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi
Agaki no ka 3
Kina aka gakino
Rene
Mu cyumweru gishize, Umujyanama w’Ubuzima yemeje ko umwana
w’imyaka 3 witwa Rene arwaye indwara ziterwa n’imirire mibi
maze yohereza umuryango we ku kigo nderabuzima. Rene yinjijwe
muri Gahunda ya OTP (Plumpy’nut). Nta n’umwe mu bavandimwe
be 4 cyangwa murumuna we uba muri iyo gahunda. Umujyanama
w’Ubuzima yegereye umubyeyi wa Rene amwereka uko Plumpy’nut
ikoreshwa anamusobanurira ko igomba guhabwa Rene wenyine.
Amabwiriza:
• Hitamo umuntu 1 mu itsinda ukina yitwa umujyanama
w’ubuzima n’undi 1 ukina ari umuturage usanzwe/umurwayi.
• Abagize itsinda bose bagomba gufasha mu kwemeza ibyo abo
bantu baza kuvuga no gukora.
• Hanyuma abo bakinnyi bombi bagomba kwitoza uko baza gukina
ako gakino. Abandi bantu bagize itsinda bagomba kwitegereza
bagatanga ibitekerezo niba ari ngombwa.
• Mufite iminota 20 yo gutegura agakino kanyu.
65. In Cu t i Mu B uzima Amahugurwa y’abajyanama b’uzima: Igitabo cy’uhugurwa 59
Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi
Agaki no ka 4
Kina aka gakino:
Severine
Umujyanama w’Ubuzima asuye urugo rwa Severine ku ncuro ya kane
maze asanga Severine ataragiye kwisuzumisha incuro 3. N’ubwo
Severine agaragara nk’utwite, arananutse kandi avuga ko yumva
ananiwe cyane. Umujyanama w’Ubuzima ahangayikishijwe n’ubuzima
bwe maze amwohereza ku kigo nderabuzima nyuma yo kumugira
inama ku moko y’ibiribwa, inyongera y’ikinini cya “Fer” n’akamaro ko
kurya ibiryo byinshi igihe atwite.
Amabwiriza:
• Hitamo umuntu 1 mu itsinda ukina yitwa umujyanama
w’ubuzima n’undi 1 ukina ari umuturage usanzwe/umurwayi.
• Abagize itsinda bose bagomba gufasha mu kwemeza ibyo abo
bantu baza kuvuga no gukora.
• Hanyuma abo bakinnyi bombi bagomba kwitoza uko baza gukina
ako gakino. Abandi bantu bagize itsinda bagomba kwitegereza
bagatanga ibitekerezo niba ari ngombwa.
• Mufite iminota 20 yo gutegura agakino kanyu.
66. Amahugurwa y’abajyanama b’uzima: Igitabo cy’uhugurwa InCuti Mu Buzima60
Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi
Agaki no ka 5
Kina aka gakino:
Maxime
Maxime abana n’ubwandu bw’agakoko gatera SIDA. Umujyanama
w’Ubuzima ashinzwe kumufasha gukurikirana uko afata ifunguro
rikwiye kuko ari ku miti ibaganya ubukana. Umujyanama w’Ubuzima
arabona Maxime ananutse cyane; maze amubaza incuro arya n’igihe
arira. Maxime abwiye Umujyanama w’Ubuzima ko n’ubwo umuryango
umufasha, ahabwa ibiryo bike ugereranyije n’abagabo bakora akazi
kandi agaburirwa ukwe atari kumwe n’abandi babana. Umujyanama
w’Ubuzima yegereye umukuru w’urugo amusobanurira impamvu
umuntu ubana n’ubwanda bw’agakoko gatera SIDA agomba kurya
igipimo gikwiye cy’ibiribwa ari kumwe n’abagize umuryango, anamugira
inama y’uko umuryango ushobora gufasha Maxime kurya neza
Amabwiriza:
• Hitamo umuntu 1 mu itsinda ukina yitwa umujyanama
w’ubuzima n’undi 1 ukina ari umuturage usanzwe/umurwayi.
• Abagize itsinda bose bagomba gufasha mu kwemeza ibyo abo
bantu baza kuvuga no gukora.
• Hanyuma abo bakinnyi bombi bagomba kwitoza uko baza gukina
ako gakino. Abandi bantu bagize itsinda bagomba kwitegereza
bagatanga ibitekerezo niba ari ngombwa.
• Mufite iminota 20 yo gutegura agakino kanyu.
67. In Cu t i Mu B uzima Amahugurwa y’abajyanama b’uzima: Igitabo cy’uhugurwa 61
Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi
Urutonde rw’ingingo zifasha
Umujyanama w’ubuzima
¨¨ Gusuzuma ibimenyetso by’imirire mibi mu miryango wita
cyane ku bana bafite munsi y’imyaka 5, abagore batwite
n’abantu babana n’ubwanda bw’agakoko gatera SIDA cyangwa
izindi indwara zikomeye.
¨¨ Gusuzuma buri kwezi indwara z’imirire mibi mu bana bafite
munsi y’imyaka 5 ukoresheje MUAC, gupima ibiro buri kwezi
no kugenzura kubyimbagana. Kohereza abantu bose bafite
ikibazo cy’imirire mibi ku kigo nderabuzima.
¨¨ Gupima ibiro buri kwezi abana bose bafite munsi y’imyaka 5
bari mu gace ukoreramo.
¨¨ Kuzuza ifishi y’imikurire y’umwana yandikwaho ibiro/imyaka
n’Igitabo cy’Umudugudu buri kwezi ku bana bose bafite munsi
y’imyaka 5 bari mu gace ukoreramo.
¨¨ Kuzuza amafishi yo kuvuriraho abana bato mu giturage bafite
munsi y’imyaka 5 kandi bakaba barwaye indwara ziterwa
n’imirire mibi.
¨¨ Gukurikirana imiryango irimo abana bafite munsi y’imyaka 5
batitabira gahunda ya buri kwezi yo gupima abana ibiro.
¨¨ Gukurikirana imiryango buri cyumweru nyuma y’uko
boherejwe ku kigo nderabuzima.
¨¨ Kugenzura buri gihe amafishi yo gukingira/imikurire y’abana
kugira ngo urebe ko bahawe inyongera ya Vitamini A n’umuti
wa mebendazole. Gushishikariza abarera abana bafite munsi
y’imyaka 5 kujyana abana ngo bahabwe inyongera ya Vitamini
A n’ibinini bya mebendazole buri mezi 6.
¨¨ Gukurikirana abarera abana bafite indwara ziterwa n’imirire
mibi ikabije kugira ngo ugenzure ko bashyizwe muri
Gahunda yo guhabwa ibiribwa by’inyongera bakaba bahabwa
Plumpy’nut. Kwigisha abarera abana barwaye indwara ziterwa
n’imirire mibi uko bagomba kubaha Plumpy’nut.
71. In Cu t i Mu B uzima Amahugurwa y’abajyanama b’uzima: Igitabo cy’uhugurwa 65
Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi
Isuzumabumenyi rya mbere y’amahugurwa
Amazina yawe:_______________________________ Itariki:_____________________
Ikigo nderabuzima: ______________ Nomera Iranga Umujyanama w’Ubuzima:_______
Umaze igihe kingana iki ukora akazi k’abajyanama b’ubuzima?___________________
Ca akaziga ku gisubizo nyacyo kuri buri kibazo:
1. Iyo umuntu afite imirire mibi, bisobanura ko:
a. Yumva afite inzara
b. Ni umukene
c. Atarya ifunguro ritegetswe cyangwa ingano ikwiriye y’ibiribwa
kugira ngo agumane ubuzima bwiza
d. Abana n’ubwanda bw’agakoko gatera SIDA
2. Kubona Ifunguro ryuzuye cyangwa se ifunguro ryuzuye,
bisobanura ko:
a. Igifu cyawe cyuzuye.
b. Ufata ifunguro ryuzuye ku gipimo gitegetswe.
c. Ufite umurima w’imboga munini.
d. Urya inyama ku minsi mukuru.
3. Uburyo bumwe bwo gupima ko umwana afite indwara z’imirire
mibi ni ugupima umwana:
a. Ikizigira
b. Igifu
c. Akaguru
d. Ururimi
72. Amahugurwa y’abajyanama b’uzima: Igitabo cy’uhugurwa InCuti Mu Buzima66
Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi
4. Rimwe na rimwe abana bafite ibibazo by’imirire mibi
barabyimbagana, icyo kikaba ikimenyetso cy’uko amaboko
yabo, ibirenge n’amaguru:
a. Ari igikara cyane
b. Biriho amagaragamba
c. Byumagaye
d. Byabyimbaganye
5. Kugira ngo wizere ko abana bato n’abafite munsi y’imyaka
5 bakura neza kandi bakaba batarwaye indwara z’imirire
mibi, ugomba kubapima:
a. Incuro imwe mu cyumweru
b. Inshuro imwe buri kwezi
c. Nyuma ya buri mezi 6
d. Incuro 1 mu mwaka
6. Plumpy’nut ni inyongera y’ibiribwa ikoreshwa:
a. Ku bana bazahajwe n’indwara z’imirire mibi
b. Ku miryango ifite abana benshi
c. Ku bana bakuru gusa
d. Ku bana bose
7. Kugira ngo umuntu afate ifunguro ryuzuye kandi agire ubuzima
bwiza, agomba kurya:
a. Umuceri (cyangwa ibindi binyampeke biboneka aho atuye)
b. Inyama, amagi, ibikomoka ku matungo n’imboga
c. Imbuto n’imboga
d. Ibi biribwa byose
73. In Cu t i Mu B uzima Amahugurwa y’abajyanama b’uzima: Igitabo cy’uhugurwa 67
Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi
Ca akaziga kuri “Ni byo” cyangwa “Si byo” ku bibazo bikurikira:
8. Abakobwa bagomba guhabwa
ibiribwa byinshi kurusha
abahungu. Ni byo Si byo
9. Umuntu ubana n’ubwandu
bw’agakoko gatera SIDA
agomba guhabwa ibiribwa
byinshi kurusha abandi bantu
bakuru bari mu rugo.
Ni byo Si byo
10. Abana bahabwa amata y’ifu
akenshi babona indyo nziza
yuzuye kurusha abana bonka. Ni byo Si byo
11. Imbombo na fanta ni byiza
ku bana. Ni byo Si byo
12. Abagore batwite bagomba kurya
ibiryo bike ugereranyije n’abandi
bantu bakuru bari mu rugo. Ni byo Si byo
74.
75. In Cu t i Mu B uzima Amahugurwa y’abajyanama b’uzima: Igitabo cy’uhugurwa 69
Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi
Isuzumabumenyi risoza
Amazina yawe:_______________________________ Itariki:_____________________
Ikigo nderabuzima: ______________ Nomera Iranga Umujyanama w’Ubuzima:_______
Umaze igihe kingana iki ukora akazi k’umujyanama w’ubuzima? _________________
Ca akaziga ku gisubizo nyacyo kuri buri kibazo:
1. Iyo umuntu afite imirire mibi, bisobanura ko:
a. Yumva afite inzara
b. Ni umukene
c. Atarya ifunguro ritegetswe cyangwa ingano ikwiriye y’ibiribwa
kugira ngo agumane ubuzima bwiza
d. Abana n’ubwanda bw’agakoko gatera SIDA
2. Kubona Ifunguro ryuzuye cyangwa se ifunguro ryuzuye,
bisobanura ko:
a. Igifu cyawe cyuzuye.
b. Ufata ifunguro ryuzuye ku gipimo gitegetswe.
c. Ufite umurima w’imboga munini.
d. Urya inyama ku minsi mikuru.
3. Uburyo bumwe bwo gupima ko umwana afite indwara z’imirire
mibi ni ugupima umwana:
a. Ikizigira
b. Igifu
c. Akaguru
d. Ururimi
76. Amahugurwa y’abajyanama b’uzima: Igitabo cy’uhugurwa InCuti Mu Buzima70
Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi
4. Rimwe na rimwe abana bafite ibibazo by’imirire mibi
barabyimbagana, icyo kikaba ikimenyetso cy’uko amaboko yabo,
ibirenge n’amaguru:
a. Ari igikara cyane
b. Biriho amagaragamba
c. Byumagaye
d. Byabyimbaganye
5. Kugira ngo wizere ko abana bato n’abafite munsi y’imyaka 5
bakura neza kandi bakaba batarwaye indwara z’imirire mibi,
ugomba kubapima:
a. Incuro imwe mu cyumweru
b. Inshuro imwe buri kwezi
c. Nyuma ya buri mezi 6
d. Incuro 1 mu mwaka
6. Plumpy’nut ni inyongera y’ibiribwa ikoreshwa:
a. Ku bana bazahajwe n’indwara z’imirire mibi
b. Ku miryango ifite abana benshi
c. Ku bana bakuru gusa
d. Ku bana bose
7. Kugira ngo umuntu ifunguro ryuzuye kandi agire ubuzima bwiza,
agomba kurya:
a. Umuceri (cyangwa ibindi binyampeke biboneka aho atuye)
b. Inyama, amagi, ibikomoka ku matungo n’imboga
c. Imbuto n’imboga
d. Ibi biribwa byose
77. In Cu t i Mu B uzima Amahugurwa y’abajyanama b’uzima: Igitabo cy’uhugurwa 71
Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi
Ca akaziga kuri “ Ni byo” cyangwa “Si byo” ku bibazo bikurikira:
8. Abakobwa bagomba guhabwa
ibiribwa byinshi kurusha
abahungu. Ni byo Si byo
9. Umuntu ubana n’ubwandu
bw’agakoko gatera SIDA
agomba guhabwa ibiribwa
byinshi kurusha abandi bantu
bakuru bari mu rugo.
Ni byo Si byo
10. Abana bahabwa amata y’ifu
akenshi babona indyo nziza
yuzuye kursha abana bonka. Ni byo Si byo
11. Imbombo na fanta ni byiza
ku bana. Ni byo Si byo
12. Abagore batwite bagomba kurya
ibiryo bike ugereranyije n’abandi
bantu bakuru bari mu rugo. Ni byo Si byo
78.
79. In Cu t i Mu B uzima Amahugurwa y’abajyanama b’uzima: Igitabo cy’uhugurwa 73
Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi
Ifishi y’isuzuma ry’uko amahugurwa yagenze
Ni irihe somo wakunze kurusha ayandi muri aya mahugurwa? Kuki?
Ni irihe somo ritagushimishije muri aya mahugurwa? Kuki?
Ni iki wize cyakugiriye akamaro kikaba kizanagufasha mu kazi kawe?
80. Amahugurwa y’abajyanama b’uzima: Igitabo cy’uhugurwa InCuti Mu Buzima74
Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi
Ese haba hari ikintu utasobanukiwe neza? Tanga ingero zifatika.
Ni ibiki wifuza ko binozwa muri aya mahugurwa? Ni iki wumva
wahindura? (Urugero ni ayahe masomo, ibishushanyo n’ibindi
wumva byahinduka?)
Hari icyo wumva wakongeraho?
Ndabashimiye kuba mwemeye gusubiza ibi bibazo.
