This document discusses the promotion of inclusive finance models for farmers in Africa through cooperative banks in Tanzania. It outlines the background and justification for establishing a national cooperative bank to increase access to finance and strengthen financial services for agriculture. The bank would be established through the Tanzanian cooperative movement with ownership shared 80/20 between cooperatives and other investors. The cooperative bank would fill the agriculture finance gap by serving the over 8,500 cooperative societies and 6 million individual members in Tanzania. It would focus on the cooperative and SME markets, using technology, partnerships and specialized financial products to support agriculture development and value chains.
The document discusses financial inclusion in India. It notes that about 69% of the Indian population lacks access to basic banking services. The objective of financial inclusion is to ensure inclusive growth and equip disadvantaged groups with confidence to make financial decisions. While progress has been made in opening bank accounts, challenges remain around reach, delivery mechanisms, financial literacy, and infrastructure. Stakeholders must work together using appropriate technology and delivery models to further the goals of financial inclusion in India.
Fundamential & technical analysis of banking sector pptAnil Tinku
This document analyzes the banking sector in India. It aims to examine the risk and return characteristics of public sector banks versus private sector banks to determine which is a better investment. The analysis will be conducted using fundamental analysis techniques and will evaluate 3 public sector banks and 3 private sector banks. It will also compare customer satisfaction between public and private sector banks. The methodology will use both primary and secondary sources, including questionnaires, reports, books, newspapers, government reports and banks' annual reports. Major players in the industry will be analyzed using CAMELS ratios.
The document discusses and compares the services provided by public sector banks and private sector banks in India. It summarizes that private sector banks are offering more innovative services like internet banking, credit cards, and cash delivery. According to respondents, private sector banks provide better quality services and are more user-friendly, though some services have additional costs. Most private bank customers rate transactions and cash remittance times with their banks as excellent. Therefore, private sector banks are generally seen as providing higher quality services to customers in India compared to public sector banks.
The document provides an overview of the banking industry in India. It discusses that banks accept deposits and channel those deposits into lending activities. It then outlines the major functions of banks which include accepting deposits, lending money, remittances, locker facilities, and foreign exchange business. The document notes that the first bank started in India in 1786 and discusses some key milestones in the development of the banking industry in India such as the nationalization of banks in 1969 and liberalization in 1991. It categorizes the banking industry into public sector banks, private sector banks, and cooperative sector and provides details about each. The document also discusses challenges faced by the banking industry such as deregulation and new rules, and future outlooks around risk management
Project on customer awareness towards internet bankingLakshmy TM
This study aimed to analyze customer awareness of internet banking services provided by Dena Bank in Kottayam, India. A survey was conducted of 25 customers from September to November 2017. The results showed that 80% of respondents were aware of Dena Bank's internet banking services, though only 40% had used them. The most common reasons for non-use were fear of security (41.67%) and lack of information (33.33%). Of those who had used internet banking, the highest level of satisfaction was 38.48% reporting being highly satisfied, while 15.38% reported being dissatisfied. The study provided insight into customer awareness and perceptions around Dena Bank's internet banking offerings.
The document discusses financial inclusion in India from the perspective of the Reserve Bank of India. It defines financial inclusion as providing access to basic banking services to the large segment of the population that remains excluded. It outlines various measures taken by RBI to promote financial inclusion, such as no-frills bank accounts, business correspondents, and the use of self-help groups and microfinance institutions. The results of these measures include a significant increase in the number of no-frills accounts opened and self-help groups linked to banks, expanding access to banking services for many households. Information technology solutions are seen as essential to enable doorstep banking and scale up financial inclusion efforts.
This document discusses the promotion of inclusive finance models for farmers in Africa through cooperative banks in Tanzania. It outlines the background and justification for establishing a national cooperative bank to increase access to finance and strengthen financial services for agriculture. The bank would be established through the Tanzanian cooperative movement with ownership shared 80/20 between cooperatives and other investors. The cooperative bank would fill the agriculture finance gap by serving the over 8,500 cooperative societies and 6 million individual members in Tanzania. It would focus on the cooperative and SME markets, using technology, partnerships and specialized financial products to support agriculture development and value chains.
The document discusses financial inclusion in India. It notes that about 69% of the Indian population lacks access to basic banking services. The objective of financial inclusion is to ensure inclusive growth and equip disadvantaged groups with confidence to make financial decisions. While progress has been made in opening bank accounts, challenges remain around reach, delivery mechanisms, financial literacy, and infrastructure. Stakeholders must work together using appropriate technology and delivery models to further the goals of financial inclusion in India.
Fundamential & technical analysis of banking sector pptAnil Tinku
This document analyzes the banking sector in India. It aims to examine the risk and return characteristics of public sector banks versus private sector banks to determine which is a better investment. The analysis will be conducted using fundamental analysis techniques and will evaluate 3 public sector banks and 3 private sector banks. It will also compare customer satisfaction between public and private sector banks. The methodology will use both primary and secondary sources, including questionnaires, reports, books, newspapers, government reports and banks' annual reports. Major players in the industry will be analyzed using CAMELS ratios.
The document discusses and compares the services provided by public sector banks and private sector banks in India. It summarizes that private sector banks are offering more innovative services like internet banking, credit cards, and cash delivery. According to respondents, private sector banks provide better quality services and are more user-friendly, though some services have additional costs. Most private bank customers rate transactions and cash remittance times with their banks as excellent. Therefore, private sector banks are generally seen as providing higher quality services to customers in India compared to public sector banks.
The document provides an overview of the banking industry in India. It discusses that banks accept deposits and channel those deposits into lending activities. It then outlines the major functions of banks which include accepting deposits, lending money, remittances, locker facilities, and foreign exchange business. The document notes that the first bank started in India in 1786 and discusses some key milestones in the development of the banking industry in India such as the nationalization of banks in 1969 and liberalization in 1991. It categorizes the banking industry into public sector banks, private sector banks, and cooperative sector and provides details about each. The document also discusses challenges faced by the banking industry such as deregulation and new rules, and future outlooks around risk management
Project on customer awareness towards internet bankingLakshmy TM
This study aimed to analyze customer awareness of internet banking services provided by Dena Bank in Kottayam, India. A survey was conducted of 25 customers from September to November 2017. The results showed that 80% of respondents were aware of Dena Bank's internet banking services, though only 40% had used them. The most common reasons for non-use were fear of security (41.67%) and lack of information (33.33%). Of those who had used internet banking, the highest level of satisfaction was 38.48% reporting being highly satisfied, while 15.38% reported being dissatisfied. The study provided insight into customer awareness and perceptions around Dena Bank's internet banking offerings.
The document discusses financial inclusion in India from the perspective of the Reserve Bank of India. It defines financial inclusion as providing access to basic banking services to the large segment of the population that remains excluded. It outlines various measures taken by RBI to promote financial inclusion, such as no-frills bank accounts, business correspondents, and the use of self-help groups and microfinance institutions. The results of these measures include a significant increase in the number of no-frills accounts opened and self-help groups linked to banks, expanding access to banking services for many households. Information technology solutions are seen as essential to enable doorstep banking and scale up financial inclusion efforts.
The document discusses microfinance features such as providing small loans and financial services to low-income individuals without collateral. It describes microfinance objectives like providing access to financial services to help poor households finance business activities and stabilize consumption. Majority of microfinance clients are self-employed, low-income individuals, including many women near the poverty line. The status and evolution of microfinance in India is examined, along with the roles of institutions like NABARD in promoting rural development through microfinance initiatives.
The document discusses India's financial system before and after liberalization. It describes the objectives to historically analyze the system, appreciate its evolution, and evaluate components in a global context. The financial system comprises financial assets/instruments, financial institutions, financial markets, and regulation. Key changes after reforms include increased bank profitability, reduced directed lending, and expansion of banking activities and services.
Habib Bank was founded in 1941 in Bombay and is now the largest private bank in Pakistan. It has over 1700 branches domestically and 55 internationally. The bank was nationalized in 1974 but privatized in 2004. Currently, its vision is to enable prosperity for customers, excellence for staff, and value for stakeholders. The bank offers various personal and commercial products and services including deposits, loans, credit cards, and digital banking. A SWOT analysis finds strengths in its large network and reputation, while weaknesses include some outdated technologies and centralized management.
The document discusses recent developments in the banking sector in India. It begins with explaining basic terms related to banking such as finance, money, and credit. It then provides a brief history of banking in India, dividing it into three phases from 1786 to the present. Recent technological developments that have transformed banking include core banking, electronic fund transfers, telebanking, anywhere banking, and mobile banking. Core banking allows customers to bank from any branch nationwide. Electronic fund transfers enable money transfers electronically instead of through physical means. Telebanking and mobile banking allow customers to conduct banking transactions over the phone and mobile devices.
Today, we are having a fairly well developed banking system with different classes of banks – public sector banks, foreign banks, private sector banks – both old and new generation, regional rural banks and co-operative banks with the Reserve Bank of India as the fountain Head of the system.
This document compares Axis Bank and HDFC Bank. It provides an overview of the objectives, research methodology, limitations, and profiles of the two banks. Key financial metrics like credit to deposit ratio, capital adequacy ratio, non-performing asset ratio, and return on assets are analyzed. Recommendations are made to improve brand image, career opportunities, training programs, and advertising. The conclusion is that Axis Bank is well positioned to gain from opportunities in the growing Indian banking sector due to its strong technology, products, distribution network, and management.
The document provides an overview of the banking services industry in India. It discusses the key developments in the industry including liberalization reforms that have led to increased competition and the offering of more services. It outlines the major players in the industry and discusses concepts like the 4 I's of banking, PEST analysis, and the 7 P's of the banking sector including product, price, place, promotion, people, process, and physical evidence. Finally, it analyzes service quality in banking using the RATER model for an Indian bank.
The document discusses financial inclusion in India from the perspective of the Reserve Bank of India. It notes that a large segment of the population remains excluded from the formal financial system. The RBI has taken various initiatives to promote financial inclusion through expanding access to banking services, simplified KYC norms, new credit products, and using business correspondents and information technology. However, regional disparities and exclusion of certain groups like small farmers and women remain challenges. The document advocates for further financial education initiatives to promote informed decision making among financially excluded populations.
This document discusses financial services available in rural India, including banking, microfinance, and insurance. It notes that rural India currently has over 32,000 bank branches and 135,000 post offices serving rural households that save an average of Rs. 22,960 annually, primarily in cash and gold. Approximately 185 million rural Indians do not use formal banking due to lack of access or understanding of services. The document then outlines business correspondent and self-help group models that are working to expand access to banking, credit, insurance, and other financial products in rural areas.
This document provides an overview of commercial banking in India. It begins with a brief history of banking in India starting in the 19th century. It then defines commercial banking and describes the key services they provide, including money withdrawal, transfers, savings, loans, foreign exchange, and more. It classifies commercial banks in India into public sector banks, private sector banks, and foreign commercial banks. Several of the largest public and private sector banks are listed. The roles of commercial banks in economic development are also mentioned.
The document provides an overview of ICICI Bank, one of the largest private sector banks in India. It discusses ICICI Bank's vision, mission, products and services, competitors, SWOT analysis, future growth prospects, and concludes that while expenses are increasing, the bank has maintained reasonable profitability. Key points include that ICICI Bank has grown from a development bank to a major financial conglomerate, offers various banking products and services, and aims to be the leading provider of financial services in India and a major global bank.
The document provides an overview of ICICI Bank, one of the largest private sector banks in India. It discusses ICICI Bank's vision, mission, products and services, competitors, SWOT analysis, future growth prospects, and concludes that while expenses are increasing, the bank has maintained reasonable profitability. Key points include that ICICI Bank has grown from a development bank to a major financial conglomerate, offers various banking and financial services, and aims to be the leading provider of financial services in India and a major global bank.
Indian banking structure includes the central bank (RBI), commercial banks, development financial institutions, cooperative banks, and specialized banks. Commercial banks obtain most of their funds from deposits and use them primarily for lending. In addition to interest income from loans, they earn non-interest income from fees, commissions, and other sources. The Indian Banks Association represents banking interests and promotes coordination and standards among members.
This document provides an overview of the roles and functions of participants in the financial markets. It discusses lenders, borrowers, savers, spenders, households, business firms, governments, foreigners, investors, intermediaries like banking and non-banking institutions. It also outlines the factors that impact the dynamics of the financial system like markets, institutions, laws and regulations. The primary task of the financial system is to move scarce loanable funds from savers to those who buy goods, services, and make investments. This enables the global economy to grow. The document then discusses channels for savings and investments for households, businesses, and governments. It notes the financial system is rapidly changing globally and integrating, resulting in increased competition,
This document provides an overview of banking in India. It begins with introducing different types of banking institutions in India such as commercial banks, cooperative banks, development banks, investment institutions, and money market institutions. It then discusses the Reserve Bank of India's role as the central bank, including its functions like credit control using quantitative and qualitative methods. Finally, it provides classifications of banking institutions such as public sector banks, private sector banks, foreign banks, and cooperative banks.
This course focuses on commercial banking management including liabilities management, credit management, capital adequacy management, investment management, and risk management such as liquidity risk, interest rate risk, credit risk, and operational risk. It provides an overview of the Indian banking sector including its evolution, nationalization, financial reforms, policies, and current institutional structure. Key trends in the banking industry include increased competition, consolidation, globalization, technology adoption, and initiatives for financial inclusion.
The document discusses the history and phases of nationalization of banks in India. It began in 1955 with the nationalization of the State Bank of India, followed by nationalization of its subsidiaries in 1959. The process accelerated under Indira Gandhi in 1969 with 14 major banks being nationalized. A second phase in 1980 nationalized 7 more banks with deposits over 200 crores, bringing the total under government ownership to 80%. The document also provides an overview of the Indian banking system and functions of banks.
UCO Bank is a public sector bank established in 1943 with headquarters in Kolkata. It has over 2,600 branches across India and two international branches. The bank offers various loan and deposit products to retail, wholesale, and corporate customers. It focuses on sectors like agriculture and infrastructure financing. Career opportunities at UCO Bank include roles in business development, branch management, customer service, and loans. The bank faces opportunities in rural banking and small enterprise financing but also threats from competition and economic conditions.
Micro Finance Industry PPT - feb 2014- Sushil Chokhandresushilc
This presentation summarizes microfinance and its current state in India. Microfinance provides financial services like savings, credit, and insurance to low-income individuals. Currently, over 450 million people in India lack access to banks, with 87% of rural households lacking credit access. While demand for loans is estimated at $14 billion, only $700 million has been met so far. Major players in microfinance include SKS Microfinance and organizations are exploring partnerships with banks to expand services. The presentation outlines opportunities and challenges in expanding access to microfinance in India, including a large unmet demand and need to address high interest rates and costs.
The document discusses rural FMCG and banking services in India. It provides an overview of the FMCG sector in India, including its size and key segments. It also discusses challenges faced by the FMCG industry in rural areas, such as transportation and packaging costs. The document then covers rural consumer durables, noting that 35% of sales come from rural areas. It discusses the evolution of rural banking in India including the establishment of regional rural banks and their functions in providing banking access to rural communities. Challenges in marketing banking services rurally and opportunities for rural banking are also summarized.
The document discusses microfinance features such as providing small loans and financial services to low-income individuals without collateral. It describes microfinance objectives like providing access to financial services to help poor households finance business activities and stabilize consumption. Majority of microfinance clients are self-employed, low-income individuals, including many women near the poverty line. The status and evolution of microfinance in India is examined, along with the roles of institutions like NABARD in promoting rural development through microfinance initiatives.
The document discusses India's financial system before and after liberalization. It describes the objectives to historically analyze the system, appreciate its evolution, and evaluate components in a global context. The financial system comprises financial assets/instruments, financial institutions, financial markets, and regulation. Key changes after reforms include increased bank profitability, reduced directed lending, and expansion of banking activities and services.
Habib Bank was founded in 1941 in Bombay and is now the largest private bank in Pakistan. It has over 1700 branches domestically and 55 internationally. The bank was nationalized in 1974 but privatized in 2004. Currently, its vision is to enable prosperity for customers, excellence for staff, and value for stakeholders. The bank offers various personal and commercial products and services including deposits, loans, credit cards, and digital banking. A SWOT analysis finds strengths in its large network and reputation, while weaknesses include some outdated technologies and centralized management.
The document discusses recent developments in the banking sector in India. It begins with explaining basic terms related to banking such as finance, money, and credit. It then provides a brief history of banking in India, dividing it into three phases from 1786 to the present. Recent technological developments that have transformed banking include core banking, electronic fund transfers, telebanking, anywhere banking, and mobile banking. Core banking allows customers to bank from any branch nationwide. Electronic fund transfers enable money transfers electronically instead of through physical means. Telebanking and mobile banking allow customers to conduct banking transactions over the phone and mobile devices.
Today, we are having a fairly well developed banking system with different classes of banks – public sector banks, foreign banks, private sector banks – both old and new generation, regional rural banks and co-operative banks with the Reserve Bank of India as the fountain Head of the system.
This document compares Axis Bank and HDFC Bank. It provides an overview of the objectives, research methodology, limitations, and profiles of the two banks. Key financial metrics like credit to deposit ratio, capital adequacy ratio, non-performing asset ratio, and return on assets are analyzed. Recommendations are made to improve brand image, career opportunities, training programs, and advertising. The conclusion is that Axis Bank is well positioned to gain from opportunities in the growing Indian banking sector due to its strong technology, products, distribution network, and management.
The document provides an overview of the banking services industry in India. It discusses the key developments in the industry including liberalization reforms that have led to increased competition and the offering of more services. It outlines the major players in the industry and discusses concepts like the 4 I's of banking, PEST analysis, and the 7 P's of the banking sector including product, price, place, promotion, people, process, and physical evidence. Finally, it analyzes service quality in banking using the RATER model for an Indian bank.
The document discusses financial inclusion in India from the perspective of the Reserve Bank of India. It notes that a large segment of the population remains excluded from the formal financial system. The RBI has taken various initiatives to promote financial inclusion through expanding access to banking services, simplified KYC norms, new credit products, and using business correspondents and information technology. However, regional disparities and exclusion of certain groups like small farmers and women remain challenges. The document advocates for further financial education initiatives to promote informed decision making among financially excluded populations.
This document discusses financial services available in rural India, including banking, microfinance, and insurance. It notes that rural India currently has over 32,000 bank branches and 135,000 post offices serving rural households that save an average of Rs. 22,960 annually, primarily in cash and gold. Approximately 185 million rural Indians do not use formal banking due to lack of access or understanding of services. The document then outlines business correspondent and self-help group models that are working to expand access to banking, credit, insurance, and other financial products in rural areas.
This document provides an overview of commercial banking in India. It begins with a brief history of banking in India starting in the 19th century. It then defines commercial banking and describes the key services they provide, including money withdrawal, transfers, savings, loans, foreign exchange, and more. It classifies commercial banks in India into public sector banks, private sector banks, and foreign commercial banks. Several of the largest public and private sector banks are listed. The roles of commercial banks in economic development are also mentioned.
The document provides an overview of ICICI Bank, one of the largest private sector banks in India. It discusses ICICI Bank's vision, mission, products and services, competitors, SWOT analysis, future growth prospects, and concludes that while expenses are increasing, the bank has maintained reasonable profitability. Key points include that ICICI Bank has grown from a development bank to a major financial conglomerate, offers various banking products and services, and aims to be the leading provider of financial services in India and a major global bank.
The document provides an overview of ICICI Bank, one of the largest private sector banks in India. It discusses ICICI Bank's vision, mission, products and services, competitors, SWOT analysis, future growth prospects, and concludes that while expenses are increasing, the bank has maintained reasonable profitability. Key points include that ICICI Bank has grown from a development bank to a major financial conglomerate, offers various banking and financial services, and aims to be the leading provider of financial services in India and a major global bank.
Indian banking structure includes the central bank (RBI), commercial banks, development financial institutions, cooperative banks, and specialized banks. Commercial banks obtain most of their funds from deposits and use them primarily for lending. In addition to interest income from loans, they earn non-interest income from fees, commissions, and other sources. The Indian Banks Association represents banking interests and promotes coordination and standards among members.
This document provides an overview of the roles and functions of participants in the financial markets. It discusses lenders, borrowers, savers, spenders, households, business firms, governments, foreigners, investors, intermediaries like banking and non-banking institutions. It also outlines the factors that impact the dynamics of the financial system like markets, institutions, laws and regulations. The primary task of the financial system is to move scarce loanable funds from savers to those who buy goods, services, and make investments. This enables the global economy to grow. The document then discusses channels for savings and investments for households, businesses, and governments. It notes the financial system is rapidly changing globally and integrating, resulting in increased competition,
This document provides an overview of banking in India. It begins with introducing different types of banking institutions in India such as commercial banks, cooperative banks, development banks, investment institutions, and money market institutions. It then discusses the Reserve Bank of India's role as the central bank, including its functions like credit control using quantitative and qualitative methods. Finally, it provides classifications of banking institutions such as public sector banks, private sector banks, foreign banks, and cooperative banks.
This course focuses on commercial banking management including liabilities management, credit management, capital adequacy management, investment management, and risk management such as liquidity risk, interest rate risk, credit risk, and operational risk. It provides an overview of the Indian banking sector including its evolution, nationalization, financial reforms, policies, and current institutional structure. Key trends in the banking industry include increased competition, consolidation, globalization, technology adoption, and initiatives for financial inclusion.
The document discusses the history and phases of nationalization of banks in India. It began in 1955 with the nationalization of the State Bank of India, followed by nationalization of its subsidiaries in 1959. The process accelerated under Indira Gandhi in 1969 with 14 major banks being nationalized. A second phase in 1980 nationalized 7 more banks with deposits over 200 crores, bringing the total under government ownership to 80%. The document also provides an overview of the Indian banking system and functions of banks.
UCO Bank is a public sector bank established in 1943 with headquarters in Kolkata. It has over 2,600 branches across India and two international branches. The bank offers various loan and deposit products to retail, wholesale, and corporate customers. It focuses on sectors like agriculture and infrastructure financing. Career opportunities at UCO Bank include roles in business development, branch management, customer service, and loans. The bank faces opportunities in rural banking and small enterprise financing but also threats from competition and economic conditions.
Micro Finance Industry PPT - feb 2014- Sushil Chokhandresushilc
This presentation summarizes microfinance and its current state in India. Microfinance provides financial services like savings, credit, and insurance to low-income individuals. Currently, over 450 million people in India lack access to banks, with 87% of rural households lacking credit access. While demand for loans is estimated at $14 billion, only $700 million has been met so far. Major players in microfinance include SKS Microfinance and organizations are exploring partnerships with banks to expand services. The presentation outlines opportunities and challenges in expanding access to microfinance in India, including a large unmet demand and need to address high interest rates and costs.
The document discusses rural FMCG and banking services in India. It provides an overview of the FMCG sector in India, including its size and key segments. It also discusses challenges faced by the FMCG industry in rural areas, such as transportation and packaging costs. The document then covers rural consumer durables, noting that 35% of sales come from rural areas. It discusses the evolution of rural banking in India including the establishment of regional rural banks and their functions in providing banking access to rural communities. Challenges in marketing banking services rurally and opportunities for rural banking are also summarized.
Vicinity Jobs’ data includes more than three million 2023 OJPs and thousands of skills. Most skills appear in less than 0.02% of job postings, so most postings rely on a small subset of commonly used terms, like teamwork.
Laura Adkins-Hackett, Economist, LMIC, and Sukriti Trehan, Data Scientist, LMIC, presented their research exploring trends in the skills listed in OJPs to develop a deeper understanding of in-demand skills. This research project uses pointwise mutual information and other methods to extract more information about common skills from the relationships between skills, occupations and regions.
OJP data from firms like Vicinity Jobs have emerged as a complement to traditional sources of labour demand data, such as the Job Vacancy and Wages Survey (JVWS). Ibrahim Abuallail, PhD Candidate, University of Ottawa, presented research relating to bias in OJPs and a proposed approach to effectively adjust OJP data to complement existing official data (such as from the JVWS) and improve the measurement of labour demand.
Discover the Future of Dogecoin with Our Comprehensive Guidance36 Crypto
Learn in-depth about Dogecoin's trajectory and stay informed with 36crypto's essential and up-to-date information about the crypto space.
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Fabular Frames and the Four Ratio ProblemMajid Iqbal
Digital, interactive art showing the struggle of a society in providing for its present population while also saving planetary resources for future generations. Spread across several frames, the art is actually the rendering of real and speculative data. The stereographic projections change shape in response to prompts and provocations. Visitors interact with the model through speculative statements about how to increase savings across communities, regions, ecosystems and environments. Their fabulations combined with random noise, i.e. factors beyond control, have a dramatic effect on the societal transition. Things get better. Things get worse. The aim is to give visitors a new grasp and feel of the ongoing struggles in democracies around the world.
Stunning art in the small multiples format brings out the spatiotemporal nature of societal transitions, against backdrop issues such as energy, housing, waste, farmland and forest. In each frame we see hopeful and frightful interplays between spending and saving. Problems emerge when one of the two parts of the existential anaglyph rapidly shrinks like Arctic ice, as factors cross thresholds. Ecological wealth and intergenerational equity areFour at stake. Not enough spending could mean economic stress, social unrest and political conflict. Not enough saving and there will be climate breakdown and ‘bankruptcy’. So where does speculative design start and the gambling and betting end? Behind each fabular frame is a four ratio problem. Each ratio reflects the level of sacrifice and self-restraint a society is willing to accept, against promises of prosperity and freedom. Some values seem to stabilise a frame while others cause collapse. Get the ratios right and we can have it all. Get them wrong and things get more desperate.
In a tight labour market, job-seekers gain bargaining power and leverage it into greater job quality—at least, that’s the conventional wisdom.
Michael, LMIC Economist, presented findings that reveal a weakened relationship between labour market tightness and job quality indicators following the pandemic. Labour market tightness coincided with growth in real wages for only a portion of workers: those in low-wage jobs requiring little education. Several factors—including labour market composition, worker and employer behaviour, and labour market practices—have contributed to the absence of worker benefits. These will be investigated further in future work.
Optimizing Net Interest Margin (NIM) in the Financial Sector (With Examples).pdfshruti1menon2
NIM is calculated as the difference between interest income earned and interest expenses paid, divided by interest-earning assets.
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Economic Risk Factor Update: June 2024 [SlideShare]Commonwealth
May’s reports showed signs of continued economic growth, said Sam Millette, director, fixed income, in his latest Economic Risk Factor Update.
For more market updates, subscribe to The Independent Market Observer at https://blog.commonwealth.com/independent-market-observer.
2. Industry Overview
a) Value Chain:
• Individual Consumers
• Farmers & Rural Consumers
• Corporates and Corporations
• Banks – Domestic & International
• Governments
• Institutional Investors
• Non Profit Organizations
• International Clients
b) History:
• The first bank was The
General Bank of India, which
started in 1786.
• Bank of Hindustan was the
2nd bank, which started in
1790; both are now defunct.
• The oldest bank in existence
in India is the State Bank of
India, in June 1806
3. Industry Overview
c) Current Market Size: The Indian banking system consists of 27 public sector
banks, 26 private sector banks, 46 foreign banks, 56 regional rural banks, 1,574
urban cooperative banks and 93,913 rural cooperative banks, in addition to
cooperative credit institutions.
Public-sector banks control more than 70 per cent of the banking system assets.
d) Growth Rate etc: During FY 2006-2016, deposits grew at a CAGR of 11.47%
and reached 1.46 trillion in FY 2016.
4. PESTLE Analysis
• Political: Focus on regulation of government, budget and budget
measures, FDI limits
• Economical: Changes in monetary policy, interest rate, inflation rates
• Social: lifestyle change, population, literacy rates
• Technological: ATM, Credit cards, mobile banking, IT services,
• Environmental: Agriculture, industry and services
• Legal: Banking regulation act, RBI intervention
5. Porters Five Forces Analysis
• Threat of new entrant: Average 215 new banks open every year
• Power of suppliers: Customer deposits, mortgage loans, mortgage securities,
other loans
• Power of buyers: Individual customers, high switching cost, customer loyalty
• Competitive rivalry: Many same sized players, Similar strategies, high exit
barriers
• Availability of substitute: Non-financial competitors, Investors, small
cooperative banks.
6. Growth Drivers
• High growth of Indian Economy
• Rising per capita income
• Financial Inclusion Program
• Mobile banking
7. Factors affecting the Industry
• A change in FDI and FII inflowrestrictions,
• entry exit barriers for foreign banks in India,
• EXIM regulations,
• Change in Basel Norms, etc