The document provides a report on a topographic surveying project in Nzega District, Tanzania. It was prepared by two industrial training students and details the objectives, location, instrumentation used, data acquisition process, analysis and processing. Key steps included reconnaissance, establishing control points using RTK GPS, collecting profile and feature data, exporting to CAD software, and creating surfaces and alignments. Challenges included signal loss and equipment issues, while recommendations focused on critical thinking, time management and teamwork.

1. INDUSTRIAL TRAINING PRESENTATION
REPORT
PROJECT: TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEYING

2. IT POST : TANZANIA REMIX CENTRE
LTD
PROJECT LOCATION : NZEGA DISTRICT
COUNCIL
TABORA REGION
Prepared By: Registration No.
Justin, Geoffrey 9738/T.2016
Augustino, Aurelia 9724/ T.2016

3. INTRODUCTION
 Industrial Training is an extremely important and valuable asset
for students in certain programs at all levels of higher
education.
 This course provides us with learning opportunities in the
workplace to receive practical experience in order to improve.
 It provides exposure and experience to the students in terms of
technology development, effective communication, teamwork
practices, policies, procedures and regulations, professional
perspective and reporting

4. INTRODUCTION (CONTINUES)
 Topographic Surveying
o Topographic surveying is the surveying method which is made to
determine the configuration of the earth surface and locating the
natural and man made features to produce a topographic map.
o Topographic Surveys are used to identify and map the contours
of the ground and existing features on the surface of the earth or
slightly above or below the earth's surface (i.e. trees, buildings,
streets, walkways, manholes, utility poles, retaining walls, etc.)

5. INTRODUCTION (CONTINUES)
 Route Surveying
o Route surveying is comprised of all survey operations
required for design and construction of engineering works
such as highways, pipelines, canals, or railroads.
o A route survey supplies the data necessary to determine
alignment, grading, and earthwork quantities for the
design and construction

6. INTRODUCTION (CONTINUES)
 GPS Surveying
o GPS was developed and is mostly maintained by the US
Department of Defense. Since the introduction of GPS many
other countries have developed similar satellite based navigation
systems, such as the Russian GLONASS, Chinese BEIDOU and
European GALELIO.
o GPS was rapidly adapted for surveying, as it can give a position
(Latitude, Longitude and Height) directly, without the need to
measure angles and distances between intermediate points.

7. INTRODUCTION (CONTINUES)
Kinematic GPS has many variations. For RTK GPS
operation, one GPS receiver remains on a known position
(Base Station), the other moves between points and it only
need to be at each point for a few seconds. Corrections to the
GPS data (based on the known Base Station position and its
position computed from the GPS) may be immediately
transmitted from the receiver on the Base Station to the
receiver at the other end of the line(the remote station).

8. INTRODUCTION (CONTINUES)
 Traversing surveying
o This is the method of establishing/extending horizontal
control points. Traverse is a method in the field of
surveying to establish control networks. It is also used in
geodesy. Traverse networks involve placing survey
stations along a line or path of travel, and then using the
previously surveyed points as a base for observing the
next point.

9. INTRODUCTION (CONTINUES)
 Reconnaissance
o The reconnaissance is an extensive study of an entire area
that might be used during the project. Its purpose is to
eliminate those routes or sites which are impractical or
unfeasible and to identify the more promising routes or
sites

10. INTRODUCTION (CONTINUES)
 Objectives
 Objective of Industrial Training
 This training aims at improving student’s practical experience and
professional perspective of survey in both office and field work considering
policies, procedures, and regulations in Tanzania.
 Objective of the report
 Topographic survey aims at determining the position of any feature or
more generally any point within the intended route in terms of both a
horizontal coordinate system and vertical dimensions as well. Identifying
(naming) features and recognizing typical landform patterns are also part
of the field.

11. PROJECT LOCATION
o Nzega and Igunga Districts are among the seven
districts of the Tabora Region of Tanzania. They are
bordered to the north by Shinyanga Region, to the
south and southwest by the Uyui District

12. PROJECT LOCATION (CONTINUES)
Fig I: Project Map Locator

13. INSTRUMENTATION AND TECHNOLOGY
USED
 GPS RTK SOUTH S86
 Steel tape (5m) - for short distance measurements and height of
instrument
 2 Tripod stand (For Base and its antenna) - for supporting
instruments
 Base Radio HX-DU8608D 410-470MHz Output：35W (External
radio) with accessories
 Hammer for sticking iron pins into positions on the ground
 Iron pins for TBMs along the main transmission line and Wooden
Pegs for visualization
 Buckets for water storage and Cement for construction of TBMs
 Mortars pan for carrying materials prepared for cementing TBMs
 Micro Storage Disk Adapter for data importing and exporting
 Laptop (Dell Inspiron 15) for data processing
 Danger tapes and Colour for Peg visualization

14. INSTRUMENTATION AND TECHNOLOGY
USED (CONTINUES)
 Autodesk AutoCAD civil 3d 2015
 This is a commercial computer-aided design (CAD) and
drafting software application. Developed and marketed by
Autodesk, AutoCAD is used across a wide range of industries,
by architects, project managers, engineers, graphic
designers, and many other professionals.
 Google earth Pro
 A computer program that renders a 3D representation of
Earth based on satellite imagery
 Microsurvey Field Genius 8
 This is data collection software mostly embedded with
window CE used with GPS receivers developed by
Microsurvey Software Inc. This company is a specialized
software developer for surveyors, civil engineers, seismic
surveyors, cartographers, and accident reconstruction
specialists.

15. A complete set of RTK GPS at the base station

16. RECONNAISSANCE AND DATUM CHECK
 A reconnaissance survey provided with data that enables
studying the advantages and disadvantages of a variety of
routes and then to determine which routes are feasible. We
began by finding satellite images and Topographic sheets,
studying them. Finally stake out data (Pipeline route) were
extracted from satellite images and the reconnaissance filed
party followed before the actual survey

17. RECONNAISSANCE AND DATUM CHECK (CONT...)
 Datum Check
o We are cautioned that we must always check the datum
of the maps we are using before begging the field work
o The data provided were Second order data in UTM
WGS84 Zone 36S
o A traverse of Temporary established points was run and
the datum were checked to be insitu.
o The difference between measured and given value of
point T-164 was 0.167Metres, and T-162 had an error of
0.028 on the return.

18. DATA ACQUISITION
 After the base was initiated, Extension of co-ordinate control for
local control densification was initiated. All the monuments
established were coordinated.
 Actual field work followed from chainage zero to Ushirika hill.
 Profile was the technique employed, this collects data within
existing profile line and RTK differential data collection was the
method employed with specifications
Elevations Mask - 10°-15° Observations - RTK Fixed
PDOP Maximum - 3.00 SDEV Horizontal - 0.030mm
SDEV Vertical - 0.030mm Satellite Computed - 5

19. Fig II: Temporary coordinated points were then used as
control point to move from one place to another

20. DATA ANALYSIS AND DATA PROCESSING
 Accumulating survey information is among the purpose of
topography about the natural and man-made characteristics of
the land and its elevations.
 Analysis of the data depended on the exported data and the
specifications maintained during observations.
 Repeating and unnecessary data were cleansed, All the
features were joined i.e. Houses. Map symbols were
introduced to produce a useful meaning map.

21. DATA PROCESSING
 The following procedures were followed during data export.
•
• 1.
2.
• 3.

22. DATA PROCESSING (CONT……)
 Once the data have been exported, analyzed and arranged,
the following were procedures of surface and alignment and
profile creations.
i. Opening AutoCAD Civil 3D 2015,Opening New drawing
and save the drawing

23. DATA PROCESSING (CONT……)
ii. Point Importing

24. DATA PROCESSING (CONT……)
iii. Point Settings

25. DATA PROCESSING (CONT……)
iv. After data analysis and join of all features, surface s
created

26. DATA PROCESSING (CONT……)
v. Alignment Creation

27. DATA PROCESSING (CONT……)
vi. Profile creation

28. SOURCE OF ERRORS
 Signal arrival time measurement
o The position accuracy is primarily dependent on the satellite
position and signal delay.
 Atmospheric effects
o Inconsistencies of atmospheric conditions affect the speed of the
GPS signals as they pass through the Earth's atmosphere,
especially the ionosphere.
 Multipath effects
o radio signals reflect off surrounding terrain; buildings, canyon walls,
hard ground, etc.
 Satellite Orbits
o Slight shifts of the orbits are possible due to gravitation forces.
 Instrumental errors
o Errors caused by imperfections in instrument construction or
adjustment.
 Personal errors
o These errors arise due to limitations in human senses, such as the
ability to read a micrometer or to center a level bubble.

29. CONCLUSIONS
 After complete our industrial training, we have been exposed
to survey and geomatic working life. Throughout our training,
we understood more about the definition of a professional
land surveyor preparing ourselves to become responsible and
innovative in future

30. CHALLENGES
o Loss of signal Initialization
o Radio link down
o Rainy season
o Land disputes
o Thick bushes and large plantations

31. RECOMMENDATION
 Critical and Analytical Thinking
o To organize tasks and assignment, we need to analyze our
problems and assignment, and to formulate a good
solution to the problem.
 Time Management
o Completing tasks quicker, setting priorities, and carry out a
schedule, always racing against tight timeline and packed
schedule, a proper time management will minimize facing
overdue deadlines.
 Colleague Interactions (Team work)