Ppt on rings manufacturers

1. AJAY KUMAR GARG ENGINEERING COLLEGE GHAZIABAD
27 DELHI-HAPUR BYPASS ROAD
GHAZIABAD-201009
INDUSTRIAL TRAINING PRESENTATION
ON
RINGS MANUFACTURING
UNDERTAKEN AT:
SHRIRAM PISTONS &RINGS ltd
Presented by :-
ARKESH PANDEY
ME-4th yr
Roll no. - 1402740047

2. TABLE OF CONTENT
• Overview of SPRL.
• Introduction of piston rings.
• Functions of piston rings.
• Construction & Nomenclature.
• Types of piston ring.
• Materials.
• Surface treatment/Coatings.
• Manufacturing process.
• Causes of failure.

3. OVERVIEW OF SPRL
• SPRL is established in 1972.
• SPRL is the largest manufacturer and exporter of Pistons and Rings from India to
discerning customers, including Ford, Honda, etc.
• The company has the capability to design, develop, validate and manufacture
finished product for OEMs in India at its Tech centre.
• The are enabled with various technologies like concept design, rig testing, engine
testing, prototype development etc.
• Maruti Suzuki has awarded SPRL its Certificate of Appreciation in light of their
superior performance in Design and Development in 2016-17.
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4. INTRODUCTION OF PISTON RINGS
• The piston ring was invented by John Ramsbottom in1854.
• Piston ring is one of the most important part of the Diesel/Petrol engines. It is an
open-ended ring that fits into a groove on the outer diameter of a piston in a
reciprocating engine such as an internal combustion engine or steam engine.
• The principal function of the piston rings is to form a seal between the combustion
chamber and the crankcase of the engine. The goal is to prevent combustion gases
from passing into the crankcase and oil from passing into the combustion chamber.
• Piston rings are a major factor in identifying if an engine is two stroke or four
stroke . Three piston rings suggest that it is a four stroke engine while two piston
rings suggest that it is a two stoke engine.
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5. FUNCTIONS OF PISTON RINGS
The Piston rings in I.C. engine have to perform the following functions :-
• To form a seal for the high pressure gases from the combustion chamber against
leak into the crank case.
• To provide easy passage for heat flow from the piston crown to the cylinder walls.
• To maintain sufficient lubricating oil on cylinder walls throughout the entire length
of piston travel.
• Minimizing the ring and cylinder wear, and at the same time, control the thickness
of oil film so that satisfactory oil control is maintained.
• Regulating engine oil consumption by scraping oil from the cylinder walls back to
the sump.
• Reduce the frictional resistance.
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6. CONSTRUCTION AND NOMENCLATURE OF RING
• The ring is generally cast individually and
machined carefully so that when in position, it
is able to exert uniform pressure against the
cylinder walls.
• A gap has to be cut at the ends so that while
inserting the rings onto the piston, it can be
expanded, slipped over the piston head and
released into the groove ring.
• The ring end gaps may be either straight butt
type or tapered or seal cut type.
Fig. 1. Ring construction
Fig. 2. Types of end gaps 4

7. TYPES OF PISTON RINGS
1. Compression Rings :- The main function of compression rings are to seal the
combustion chamber from the crankcase and transfer heat from the piston to the
cylinder. They also play an important part in controlling engine oil consumption.
2. Scrapper Ring :- It scrapes the oil and prevent it from reaching the combustion
chamber .
3. Oil Control Rings :- The function of oil rings is to distribute and regulate oil within
the cylinder wall and help scrape it back into the crankcase. This is necessary to keep
the cylinder wall lubricated with the cooler replacement oil, thereby aiding the heat
transfer and lowering the friction between the piston and cylinder.
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8. MATERIALS
The materials used to make Piston Rings are one of the most critical factors in its
performance.
Listed below are some of today's common material used in manufacturing of piston
rings : -
• Cast iron
• Nodular cast iron alloyed for piston rings
• Bronze
• Aluminum Bronze
• Phosphor Bronze
• Steel
• Stainless Steels for use in high temperature
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9. MANUFACTURING PROCESS
• The Piston rings are generally made up of cast iron. Cast iron piston rings are cast as
individual rings in a noncircular shape .
• The rings are generally machined to the required shape by means of double cam turning,
a process in which the ring blank, already axially ground, is copy turned simultaneously
on the inside and outside diameters.
• After a segment equivalent to the free gap is cut from the ring it assumes the free shape
that will give it the required radial pressure distribution when fitted into the cylinder.
• After the gap is cut the coating like composite chrome platting and various surface
treatment are done to provide corrosion protection and to reduce wear.
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10. SURFACE TREATMENT/COATINGS
After the completion of machining process the following surface treatments for
piston rings are principally designed to provide corrosion protection for storage,
enhance appearance and improve running.
• Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD)
• Composite Plating of Chrome (CPC)
• Chrome Plating
• Molybdenum
• Phosphate Coating
• Plasma Sprayed Coating
• Tin and copper plating
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11. CAUSES OF RING FAILURES
• RING STICKING AND OIL PLUGGING :-Deposits are formed by a combination
of blow-by, lube oil and heat. Soft deposits can reduce clearances while hard
deposits can transmit loads as well as reduce clearances
• RAPID WEAR :- When the abrasive content in the intake air is very high and
particles are also very hard , wear is very rapid.
• SCUFFING :- It is caused by breakdown of protective lubricating oil film on
cylinder wall.
• RING BREAKAGE :- sometimes the ring breaks during service. This may be on
account of overstressing due to shock loading, fatigue, etc.
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12. THANK YOU
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