Position of humans under different personal laws Shreya Chaurasia
People of India belong to different religions and faiths. They are governed by different sets of personal laws in respect of matters relating to family affairs i.e. marriage, divorce, succession, etc. Indian personal law is fairly complex, with each religion adhering to its specific laws. Separate laws govern Hindus, Muslims, Christians, Sikhs and followers of other religions. But not much progress has been made towards achieving the ideal of a uniform civil code which still remains a distant dream.
Position of humans is different under Hindu, Muslim, Christian as well as other personal laws with respect to Marriage, Divorce, Maintenance, Succession etc.
Position of humans under different personal laws Shreya Chaurasia
People of India belong to different religions and faiths. They are governed by different sets of personal laws in respect of matters relating to family affairs i.e. marriage, divorce, succession, etc. Indian personal law is fairly complex, with each religion adhering to its specific laws. Separate laws govern Hindus, Muslims, Christians, Sikhs and followers of other religions. But not much progress has been made towards achieving the ideal of a uniform civil code which still remains a distant dream.
Position of humans is different under Hindu, Muslim, Christian as well as other personal laws with respect to Marriage, Divorce, Maintenance, Succession etc.
Presentazione Easymob Salo socialcasehistoryforumPaolo Maioli
Una piattaforma per la geolocalizzazione e la valorizzazione del territorio. gestita dal territorio. Una guida turistica, un'opportunità commerciale. Totalmente personalizzabile anche nel nome.
Offerte turistiche e commerciali a portata di mano sul tuo territorio.
Last minute room. Prenotazione tavoli e camere. servizi di digital marketing avanzato per centri commerciali all'aperto. Fidelity card. tutto in una sola piattaforma.
Unbranded platform for geolocalization. Deals, offers, tourism information in one place from the territory. The city in your hand.
Last minute room. Tables and room booking. advanced digital marketing services. Fidelity card.
Fieldbus Tutorial Part 7 - Fieldbus CommunicationEmerson Exchange
Fieldbus Tutorial Part 7 – Fieldbus Communication: Foundation Communications Stack, Communication Between Devices, Expected H1 Performance, High Speed Ethernet Support
Bowen, with the Muncie Sanitary District, presented this overview of a CSO Separation project, delivered through an alternative procurement methodology in 2015.
Semana de Seguridad Social. La Reforma de Salud en México: su impacto en los principios de la seguridad social.
Senado de la República, 23 de abril de 2014
Presentazione Easymob Salo socialcasehistoryforumPaolo Maioli
Una piattaforma per la geolocalizzazione e la valorizzazione del territorio. gestita dal territorio. Una guida turistica, un'opportunità commerciale. Totalmente personalizzabile anche nel nome.
Offerte turistiche e commerciali a portata di mano sul tuo territorio.
Last minute room. Prenotazione tavoli e camere. servizi di digital marketing avanzato per centri commerciali all'aperto. Fidelity card. tutto in una sola piattaforma.
Unbranded platform for geolocalization. Deals, offers, tourism information in one place from the territory. The city in your hand.
Last minute room. Tables and room booking. advanced digital marketing services. Fidelity card.
Fieldbus Tutorial Part 7 - Fieldbus CommunicationEmerson Exchange
Fieldbus Tutorial Part 7 – Fieldbus Communication: Foundation Communications Stack, Communication Between Devices, Expected H1 Performance, High Speed Ethernet Support
Bowen, with the Muncie Sanitary District, presented this overview of a CSO Separation project, delivered through an alternative procurement methodology in 2015.
Semana de Seguridad Social. La Reforma de Salud en México: su impacto en los principios de la seguridad social.
Senado de la República, 23 de abril de 2014
Python for class 11 (CBSE Computer science sub code 083)Nitin Kumar
Right now I am in mid of completing this book. Just uploaded first and part of second chapter. Will upload whole once I am done.
Can contact me at nitin_k@outlook.com for more details or to get a copy of this book.
The manuals for the CO2 laser cutting and engraving machine control system RDS 6442 g.
This is the most popular control system for the Chinese co2 laser machine.
In this manual, you can see how to operate the co2 laser machine with cutting and engraving, etc.
Journal of Petroleum Engineering & Technology (JoPET) is an eJournal focused towards the rapid publication of fundamental research papers on all areas of Petroleum Engineering & Petroleum Technology.
Focus and Scope Covers
Production of Hydrocarbons
Petroleum Geology
Formation Evaluation (Well Logging), Drilling and Economics
Oil Refining
Synthetic Fuel Technologies
Oil Shale Technology
Reservoir Simulation
Journal of Mechatronics and Automation vol 3 issue 3STM Journals
Journal of Mechatronics and Automation (JoMA) The Journal intends to publish recent advancements in both theoretical and practical aspects of Mechatronics and Industrial Automation.The Journal publishes original research papers, review papers, patent alerts on latest innovations in the field of Mechatronics.
Focus and Scope Covers
Manufacturing Automation,
Mechatronical Engineering
Control System Design, Industrial System Design
Product Design Techniques
Mechatronics, Robotics, Biomimetics
Sensors, Wireless Sensor Networks and Multisensory Data Fusion
AI, Neural Networks
Modeling and Control of Mechatronics System and Robots
Industrial Automation , Process Control and Networked Control System
Human Computer Interaction, Telerobotics
Acoustics and Dynamics
Journal of Advancements in Library Sciences 3 issue 3STM Journals
Journal of Advancements in Library Sciences (JoALS) is a print and e-journal focused towards the rapid publication of Fundamental research papers on all areas of Advancements in Library Sciences.
Focus and Scope Covers
Information Processing & Management/ Library Management
Information Literacy & Seeking Behaviours
Economic Impact of Information & Knowledge and Policy Formulation
Legal & Political Issues Relating To Information/ Data Protection & Copyright
Search, Navigation & Retrieval Techniques
Information Architecture
Information & Knowledge Audit
Integrated Library Systems and Role of Consortia
E-Library and Electronic Publishing
Library Technology In Specific Countries
Library Services For Disabled
HRM & Quality Management
Information Systems/ Sources & Services
Scientometrics & Infometrics
Library Classification, Web 2.0 & Library 2.0
Bibliographic Control
Digital libraries/ Institutional Repositories
Library Research, Finance & Budgeting
Library, Society & Social Networking
Digital Library Services & Applications/ Development & Management/ Standards & Policy/ Preservation
Digital Library Open Sources
Faculty/Librarian Partnerships Or Collaborations
Trends in Opto Electro & Optical Communication vol 6 issue 3STM Journals
Trends in Opto Electro & Optical Communication (TOEOC) is a print and e-journal focused towards the rapid publication of fundamental research papers on all areas of Opto Electro & Optical Communication.
Focus and Scope Covers
Enabling Technologies & Applications in Optical Networks
Survivability, Reliability & Security of Optical Networks
Signaling and Information Models for Network Control & Management
Architecture, Protocols & Algorithms for Dynamic Optical Networks
Fiber-Optic Networks
Advanced DSL Technologies on Fiber-to-the-Home Architectures
Operations Support Systems for Optical Network
Report on Dabur\'s Visual Merchandising activities and trade promotions and problems with Dabur at Noida
For full report mail me at malhotra.vikas84@gmail.com
Journal of Polymer & Composites vol 4 issue 3STM Journals
Journal of Polymer & Composites (JoPC) is a print and e-journal focused towards the publication of all the Research/Review work carried out under Polymer & Composites. This journal covers all the applications in the field of Polymers and it has a wide scope as below:
Focus and Scope Covers
Processing and Manufacturing of Polymers and Composites
Thermoplastic Composites
Fabrication & Architecture of Polymer
Engineering Plastics, Nanocomposites and Polyblends
Bioconjugates, Biohybrid and Cellular Polymers
Ceramic-Matrix, Metal-Matrix, Polymer-Matrix Composites
Prototyping Reinforcement Materials
Journal of Nuclear Engineering & Technology (JoNET) is a print and e-journal focused towards the rapid publication of fundamental research papers on all areas of Nuclear Engineering & Nuclear Technology.
Focus and Scope Covers
Nuclear Power
Nuclear Medical Applications
Nuclear Industrial Applications
Nuclear Commercial Applications
Nuclear Safety
Nuclear Fusion
Nuclear Proliferation
Journal of Industrial Safety Engineering vol 3 issue 3STM Journals
Journal of Industrial Safety Engineering (JoISE) The goal of this Journal is to keep a record of high quality work and intends to publish Research /Review / Short Articles in the field of Industrial safety engineering . The Journal covers a wide range of Multidimensional challenges and provides platform for motivating the personnel’s in the area of Industrial Safety.
Focus and Scope Covers
Industrial Issues
Integrated control, Health and Environment Acts
Environmental and ecological Protection
Human Factors, Ergonomics, Safety
Risk assessment and analysis
Surveillance systems
Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene
Fire Engineering, Prevention and Protection
Process safety system and Explosion Control
Safety in Textile Industry
Nuclear Engineering and Safety
Research & Reviews Journal of Computational Biology vol 5 issue 3STM Journals
Research & Reviews: Journal of Computational Biology (RRJoCB) is focused towards the publication of current research work carried out under computational Biology. This journal covers all major fields of applications in Computational Biology.
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Bioinformatics, Biophysics and Biostatistics
Computational and Statistical Genetics
System Biology
Molecular Biology and Bio-chemistry
Genomics and Proteomics
Mathematical Biology
Network Biology
Medical Informatics
Biomarker Discovery and Mass-Spectrometry
Organization and Drug Designing Tools for Development Analysis
Parallel Computation, Linking Disparate Databases, Data Mining
Biological Software Design and Development
Computational Biomodelling (Molecular Modelling)
Biological Algorithms Development and Implementation
Multiple Sequence Alignment and Biological Databases Development
Journal of Alternate Energy Sources Technology vol 7 issue 3STM Journals
Journal of Alternate Energy Sources and Technologies (JoAEST) Journal of Alternate Energy Sources and Technologies seeks to promote and disseminate knowledge of the various topics and technologies of renewable energy/green energy/clean energy, and therefore aims at assisting researchers, world agencies and societies to keep abreast of new developments in their specialist field and to unite in finding alternative energy solutions
Focus and Scope Covers
Wind Energy
Geothermal Energy
Biogas & Bio-fuels
Nuclear Binding Energy
Biomass Conversion
Greenhouse Effect
Climatology and Meteorology
Solar Thermal Applications
Helioculture
Energy Management and also the ecologically friendly alternatives which are under research and or production.
Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology vol 7 issue 3STM Journals
Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology (JoMCCT) is a Journal focused towards the rapid publication of fundamental research papers on all areas of Chemistry, Modern Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Chemical Technology
Focus and Scope Covers
Structural analysis, Thermodynamics and Thermo-science
Organometallic chemistry and surface chemistry
Finite Element Analysis
Chromatographic Studies
Oxidation-reduction Reactions
Organometallic Chemistry
Macrocyclic systems, Metalloporphyrins
Biochemical Engineering
Biophysical Chemistry
Natural products, Biological and Medicinal Chemistry
Physical Chemistry
Inorganic and Co-ordination Chemistry
Electrochemistry
Biochemistry
Journal of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering vol 6 issue 3STM Journals
Journal of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering (JoMME) is a print and e-journal focused towards the rapid publication of fundamental research papers on all areas of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering.
Focus and Scope Covers
Materials in Industry
Microtechnology
Crystallography Metallurgy
Biomaterials
Tribology
Ceramography
Glass Science
Research & Reviews A Journal of Dentistry vol 7 issue 3STM Journals
Research & Reviews: A Journal of Dentistry (RRJoD) is focused towards publication of basic research and detailed review papers in all major domains of Dentistry.
Focus and Scope Covers
Dental Anatomy
Prosthodontology and Dental Anesthesiology
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Orthodontics
Restorative Dentistry
Dental Radiography
Forensic Odontology
Geriatric Dentistry
Veterinary Dentistry
Dental Public Health (Policies Related to Oral Health)
Research & Reviews Journal of Dairy Science & Technology vol 5 issue 3STM Journals
Research & Reviews: Journal of Dairy Science and Technology (RRJoDST) is an online Journal focused towards the publication of current research work carried out under Dairy Science and Technology. This journal covers all major fields of applications in Dairy Science and Technology.
Focus and Scope Covers
Dairy Science and Technology
Biotechnology of milk
Biochemistry of milk
Transformation procedures and nutritional qualities of milk and dairy products
Milk from Bovine or Non-Bovine species and human milk
New products from milk using new technologies
Breeding of high yielding cattle
Journal of Geotechnical Engineering (JoGE) Contributions in the form of Research articles, Review articles, Short articles , Discussions related to the field of Geotechnical Engineering are accepted. The Journal covers all major areas involved in Geotechnical engineering.
Focus and Scope Covers
Engineering Geology , Hydrogeology
Soil and Rock engineering
Geosynthetics
Earth Quake engineering
Pile Dynamics
Slope stability and tunneling
Geohazards and Mitigation
Novel Geotechnical construction techniques
GIS in Geotech
Soil water management
Soil reinforcement
Ground improvement technologies
Research & Reviews A Journal of Biotechnology vol 6 issue 3STM Journals
Research & Reviews: A Journal of Biotechnology (RRJoBT): is a print and online Journal focused towards the publication of current research work carried out in the area of Biotechnology. The Journal intends to publish articles of Multidisciplinary nature and developments in different disciplines of Bioscience and Biotechnology.
Focus and Scope Covers
Industrial Biotechnology
Animal Biotechnology
Plant Biotechnology
Medical Biotechnology
Microbial Biotechnology
Crop Biotechnology
Gene Therapy and Cloning
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Tissue Engineering
Bioinformatics
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Genomics and Proteomics
Genetic Testing
Metabolic Engineering
New tools and Products useful in Research, Agriculture and Industry
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Similar to Industrial Data Communication by Chinttan (20)
Process Dynamics and Control (2007 Edition) (Hardbound)
By K. T. Jadhav
Size : B5, Pages: 428; Price : Rs. 390.00
Buy this book from : www.chinttanpublications.in
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
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Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
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Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
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Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
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4. Table of contents iii
Contents
Preface xv
Acknowledgements xvi
Dedication xvii
Roadmap to the syllabus xviii
1 INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL DATA COMMUNICATIONS
.....................................................................................................[1-1 to 1-64]
1.1 WHAT IS AN INTERNETWORK?........................................................................ [1-1]
1.1.1 History of internetworking.......................................................................................................[1-1]
1.1.2 Internetworking challenges......................................................................................................[1-2]
1.2 OPEN SYSTEM INTERCONNECTION REFERENCE MODEL ............................. [1-3]
1.2.1 Characteristics of the OSI layers..............................................................................................[1-4]
1.2.2 Protocols.................................................................................................................................[1-4]
1.2.3 OSI model and communication between systems....................................................................[1-5]
1.2.4 Interaction between OSI model layers.....................................................................................[1-5]
1.2.5 OSI layer services ...................................................................................................................[1-5]
1.2.6 OSI model layers and information exchange...........................................................................[1-6]
1.2.7 Information exchange process.................................................................................................[1-7]
1.2.7.1 OSI model physical layer.....................................................................................[1-7]
1.2.7.2 OSI model data link layer....................................................................................[1-8]
1.2.7.3 OSI model network layer.....................................................................................[1-8]
1.2.7.4 OSI model transport layer ...................................................................................[1-9]
1.2.7.5 OSI model session layer ......................................................................................[1-9]
1.2.7.6 OSI model presentation layer ..............................................................................[1-9]
1.2.7.7 OSI model application layer ..............................................................................[1-10]
1.2.8 Information formats ..............................................................................................................[1-10]
1.2.9 ISO hierarchy of networks.....................................................................................................[1-11]
5. Table of contentsiv
1.2.10 Connection-oriented and Connectionless network services....................................................[1-12]
1.2.10.1 Internetwork addressing.....................................................................................[1-13]
1.2.10.2 Data link layer addresses ...................................................................................[1-13]
1.2.10.3 MAC addresses .................................................................................................[1-13]
1.2.10.4 Mapping addresses............................................................................................[1-14]
1.2.10.5 Network layer addresses....................................................................................[1-15]
1.2.11 Hierarchical versus flat address space....................................................................................[1-16]
1.2.12 Address assignments .............................................................................................................[1-16]
1.2.13 Addresses versus names........................................................................................................[1-16]
1.2.14 Flow control basics................................................................................................................[1-17]
1.2.15 Error-checking basics ............................................................................................................[1-17]
1.2.16 Multiplexing basics................................................................................................................[1-18]
1.3 STANDARDS ORGANIZATIONS ..................................................................... [1-19]
1.4 ROUTING BASICS .......................................................................................... [1-19]
1.4.1 Routing components.............................................................................................................[1-20]
1.4.2 Path determination ...............................................................................................................[1-20]
1.4.3 Switching..............................................................................................................................[1-21]
1.4.4 Routing algorithms................................................................................................................[1-22]
1.4.5 Design goals .........................................................................................................................[1-22]
1.4.6 Algorithm types.....................................................................................................................[1-23]
1.4.6.1 Static versus dynamic ........................................................................................[1-23]
1.4.6.2 Single-path versus multipath..............................................................................[1-24]
1.4.6.3 Flat versus hierarchical ......................................................................................[1-24]
1.4.6.4 Host-intelligent versus router-intelligent .............................................................[1-24]
1.4.6.5 Intradomain versus interdomain ........................................................................[1-24]
1.4.6.6 Link-state versus distance vector........................................................................[1-25]
1.4.6.7 Routing metrics .................................................................................................[1-25]
1.4.6.8 Network protocols .............................................................................................[1-26]
1.5 NOISE CONSIDERATION OF A TYPICAL SYSTEM......................................... [1-26]
1.5.1 Different types of noises ........................................................................................................[1-27]
1.5.2 Signal to noise ratio (SNR or S/N ratio).................................................................................[1-30]
1.5.3 Noise figure ..........................................................................................................................[1-30]
1.5.4 Noise budget.........................................................................................................................[1-30]
1.6 NOISE IN ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT................................................................... [1-32]
1.6.1 Energy coupling mechanisms................................................................................................[1-32]
1.6.2 Inductive coupling.................................................................................................................[1-33]
1.6.3 Capacitive coupling ..............................................................................................................[1-33]
1.6.4 Electromagnetic coupling ......................................................................................................[1-34]
6. Table of contents v
1.6.5 Principle of energy coupling..................................................................................................[1-34]
1.7 MEASUREMENT OF NOISE............................................................................. [1-35]
1.7.1 Measuring noise....................................................................................................................[1-35]
1.7.2 Sensitive inputs.....................................................................................................................[1-35]
1.7.3 Clamping suppressors ...........................................................................................................[1-36]
1.8 GROUNDING .................................................................................................. [1-38]
1.8.1 Safety grounds......................................................................................................................[1-38]
1.8.2 Signal grounds......................................................................................................................[1-39]
1.8.3 Use of grounding ..................................................................................................................[1-46]
1.8.4 Grounding operation in electrical distribution network...........................................................[1-46]
1.9 SHIELDING..................................................................................................... [1-46]
1.9.1 Shielding functions................................................................................................................[1-48]
1.9.2 Shielding effectiveness (SE) ..................................................................................................[1-48]
1.9.3 Types of shielding .................................................................................................................[1-50]
1.94 Shielding design guidelines to minimize ESD ........................................................................[1-53]
1.10 GUARDING ..................................................................................................... [1-53]
1.10.1 Guarding techniques.............................................................................................................[1-54]
1.11 ENCLOSURE SIZING AND SUPPLY REQUIREMENTS .................................... [1-54]
1.11.1 Necessity of enclosure...........................................................................................................[1-55]
1.11.2 Indian standards for enclosure...............................................................................................[1-56]
1.11.3 Ingress protection (IP) ...........................................................................................................[1-57]
1.12 SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR ENCLOSURE............................................. [1-59]
1.12.1 Surface treatments ................................................................................................................[1-59]
1.12.2 Finishing of aluminum enclosure...........................................................................................[1-59]
1.12.3 Finishing of mild steel ...........................................................................................................[1-60]
1.13 TESTS CARRIED OUT ON ENCLOSURE......................................................... [1-60]
Review Questions............................................................................................................[1-62]
2 COMMUNICATIONS AND CONTROL..........................................[2-1 to 2-20]
2.1 DIGITAL DATA COMMUNICATION................................................................... [2-1]
2.1.1 Data communication system ...................................................................................................[2-2]
2.1.2 Data representation.................................................................................................................[2-2]
2.1.3 Data transmission and transmission modes .............................................................................[2-2]
2.1.4 Parallel communication interface ............................................................................................[2-3]
2.1.5 Comparison with serial links....................................................................................................[2-3]
2.1.6 Parallel transmission ...............................................................................................................[2-4]
7. Table of contentsvi
2.1.7 Serial communication interface ...............................................................................................[2-4]
2.1.8 Examples of serial communication architectures......................................................................[2-5]
2.1.9 Serial transmission ..................................................................................................................[2-6]
2.1.10 Comparison of serial and parallel transmission........................................................................[2-7]
2.1.11 Types of serial transmission.....................................................................................................[2-7]
2.1.12 Asynchronous transmission.....................................................................................................[2-9]
2.1.13 Synchronous transmission.....................................................................................................[2-10]
2.1.14 Comparison of synchronous and asynchronous transmission ................................................[2-11]
2.2 SIMPLEX COMMUNICATION .......................................................................... [2-11]
2.2.1 Simplex systems....................................................................................................................[2-12]
2.3 DUPLEX (TELECOMMUNICATIONS)............................................................... [2-13]
2.3.1 Half-duplex...........................................................................................................................[2-13]
2.3.2 Full-duplex............................................................................................................................[2-14]
2.3.3 Duplex applications ..............................................................................................................[2-15]
2.3.4 Emulation of full-duplex in shared physical media.................................................................[2-15]
2.4 SYNCHRONIZATION AND TIMING IN COMMUNICATIONS ........................... [2-17]
2.4.1 Transport..............................................................................................................................[2-17]
2.4.2 Communication....................................................................................................................[2-17]
2.4.3 Some uses of synchronization ...............................................................................................[2-18]
2.4.4 Timing Synchronization Function (TSF)................................................................................[2-19]
Summary..........................................................................................................................[2-19]
Review Questions ............................................................................................................[2-20]
3 INDUSTRIAL NETWORK..............................................................[3-1 to 3-58]
3.1 INTRODUCTION TO LAN PROTOCOLS............................................................ [3-1]
3.1.1 What is a LAN?.......................................................................................................................[3-2]
3.1.2 LAN protocols and the OSI reference model ...........................................................................[3-2]
3.1.3 LAN media-access methods ....................................................................................................[3-2]
3.1.4 LAN transmission methods .....................................................................................................[3-3]
3.1.5 LAN topologies.......................................................................................................................[3-4]
3.1.6 LAN devices ...........................................................................................................................[3-5]
3.1.7 Comparison of LAN and WAN................................................................................................[3-6]
3.2 BRIDGING AND SWITCHING BASICS.............................................................. [3-7]
3.2.1 What are bridges and switches?...............................................................................................[3-7]
3.2.2 Link layer device overview......................................................................................................[3-7]
3.2.3 Types of bridges......................................................................................................................[3-8]
8. Table of contents vii
3.2.4 Comparison of transparent and source routing bridge ............................................................[3-10]
3.2.5 Types of switches..................................................................................................................[3-10]
3.2.6 ATM switch...........................................................................................................................[3-11]
3.2.7 LAN switch ...........................................................................................................................[3-11]
3.2.8 Comparison of hubs, switches and bridges ............................................................................[3-12]
3.3 ETHERNET TECHNOLOGIES.......................................................................... [3-12]
3.3.1 Ethernet—a brief history .......................................................................................................[3-13]
3.3.2 Ethernet network elements....................................................................................................[3-13]
3.3.3 Ethernet network topologies and structures ...........................................................................[3-13]
3.4 THE IEEE 802.3............................................................................................... [3-15]
3.4.1 The Ethernet MAC sublayer..................................................................................................[3-16]
3.4.2 The basic Ethernet frame format ...........................................................................................[3-16]
3.4.3 Full-duplex transmission—an optional approach to higher network efficiency........................[3-17]
3.4.4 Flow control..........................................................................................................................[3-18]
3.4.5 Half-duplex transmission—the CSMA/CD access method .....................................................[3-19]
3.5 THE 802.3 ....................................................................................................... [3-20]
3.5.1 10-Mbps ethernet—10 Base-T ..............................................................................................[3-21]
3.5.2 100 Mbps—Fast Ethernet .....................................................................................................[3-22]
3.6 ETHERNET: IEEE 802.3 LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN) PROTOCOLS.......... [3-22]
3.6.1 Protocol structure - ethernet: IEEE 802.3 Local area network protocols.................................[3-24]
3.6.2 MAC frame with gigabit ethernet carrier extension (IEEE 803.3z)..........................................[3-25]
3.6.3 IEEE 802.4...........................................................................................................................[3-25]
3.7 TRANSMISSION MEDIA: CABLES .................................................................. [3-27]
3.7.1 Cable support .......................................................................................................................[3-29]
3.7.2 Installation considerations .....................................................................................................[3-29]
3.7.3 Conduit ................................................................................................................................[3-30]
3.7.4 Tray......................................................................................................................................[3-30]
3.7.5 Marine cable .........................................................................................................................[3-31]
3.7.6 Input and output cabling.......................................................................................................[3-31]
3.7.7 Comparison between cable and conductor............................................................................[3-33]
3.7.8 Cable layout .........................................................................................................................[3-34]
3.8 CLASSIFICATION OF CABLES ....................................................................... [3-34]
3.8.1 Twisted pair cables................................................................................................................[3-35]
3.8.2 Twinax Cable .......................................................................................................................[3-36]
3.8.3 Coaxial cable........................................................................................................................[3-36]
3.8.4 Tray cables ...........................................................................................................................[3-38]
3.8.5 Fiber-optic Cable ..................................................................................................................[3-38]
9. Table of contentsviii
3.8.6 Comparison of optical fiber with coaxial and twisted pair cables.............................................[3-40]
3.8.7 Comparison of step index and graded index fibers .................................................................[3-40]
3.8.8 Comparison of single mode and multimode fibers...................................................................[3-41]
3.8.9 Comparison of wired and wireless media ..............................................................................[3-41]
3.9 NETWORKING ................................................................................................ [3-42]
3.9.1 Network topology .................................................................................................................[3-42]
3.9.1.1 Physical topologies............................................................................................[3-42]
3.9.1.2 Logical topologies .............................................................................................[3-46]
3.9.2 Networking protocols ............................................................................................................[3-47]
3.9.3 CAT cables ...........................................................................................................................[3-47]
3.9.4 LAN cards.............................................................................................................................[3-48]
3.9.5 Networking hardware............................................................................................................[3-49]
3.10 MANCHESTER CODE...................................................................................... [3-51]
3.10.1 Manchester encoding as phase-shift keying ...........................................................................[3-52]
3.10.2 Conventions for representation of data..................................................................................[3-53]
3.10.3 Differential Manchester encoding ..........................................................................................[3-53]
Review Questions ............................................................................................................[3-54]
4 OPEN CONTROL NETWORK .......................................................[4-1 to 4-36]
4.1 COMMUNICATION LINKS: RS – 232 ................................................................ [4-1]
4.1.1 Standard details......................................................................................................................[4-2]
4.1.1.1 Limitations of the standard ..................................................................................[4-5]
4.1.2 RS – 485 ................................................................................................................................[4-6]
4.1.2.1 Differential signals with RS485: Longer distances and higher bit rates..................[4-7]
4.1.2.2 Characteristics of RS485 compared to RS232, RS422 and RS423 ......................[4-8]
4.1.2.3 Network topology with RS485.............................................................................[4-8]
4.1.2.4 RS485 functionality.............................................................................................[4-9]
4.1.2.5 Comparison of standards...................................................................................[4-10]
4.2 PROTOCOLS MODBUS, ASCII, RTU............................................................... [4-10]
4.2.1 Introducing Modbus Protocol ................................................................................................[4-10]
4.2.2 ASCII....................................................................................................................................[4-16]
4.2.3 RTU......................................................................................................................................[4-16]
4.3 GENERAL PURPOSE INSTRUMENT BUS (IEEE-488) ...................................... [4-16]
4.3.1 History..................................................................................................................................[4-18]
4.3.2 Connectors ...........................................................................................................................[4-19]
4.4 BACnet............................................................................................................ [4-19]
10. Table of contents ix
4.4.1 History..................................................................................................................................[4-19]
4.4.2 Protocol Overview ................................................................................................................[4-20]
4.4.3 BACnet Objects ....................................................................................................................[4-21]
4.4.4 BACnet Testing.....................................................................................................................[4-22]
4.4.5 BACnet Working Groups ......................................................................................................[4-22]
4.5 DATA HIGHWAY PLUS ................................................................................... [4-23]
4.5.1 Media Access Method / Protocol............................................................................................[4-23]
4.5.2 Data Highway Plus Network Loading....................................................................................[4-24]
4.5.3 Network Tools ......................................................................................................................[4-24]
4.5.3.1 Data Highway Plus Network Analyzer................................................................[4-25]
4.5.3.2 The Data Highway Plus Network Monitor..........................................................[4-26]
4.5.4 Optimizing a DH+ Network..................................................................................................[4-27]
4.5.4.1 Summary of Network Optimization....................................................................[4-27]
4.5.5 Network Performance ...........................................................................................................[4-28]
4.5.6 Transmission Lines ...............................................................................................................[4-28]
4.5.6.1 Transmission Line Examples .............................................................................[4-29]
4.5.6.2 Transmission Line Summary .............................................................................[4-33]
4.5.7 Troubleshooting on a DH+ Network.....................................................................................[4-33]
4.5.7.1 Troubleshooting by Comparing Blue and Clear Phases .....................................[4-34]
4.5.7.2 Summary of DH+ Hardware Troubleshooting ..................................................[4-35]
4.5.8 Glossary................................................................................................................................[4-35]
Review Questions ............................................................................................................[4-36]
11. Table of contentsx
5 NETWORKS AT DIFFERENT LEVELS ..........................................[5-1 to 5-54]
5.1 FIELDBUS ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGES............................................. [5-1]
5.2 DEVICENET ...................................................................................................... [5-8]
5.3 PROFIBUS-PA................................................................................................. [5-12]
5.4 CONTROLNET................................................................................................. [5-22]
5.5 AS-I PROTOCOL ............................................................................................. [5-27]
5.6 CAN bus .......................................................................................................... [5-31]
5.6.1 CAN Bus Pin Out..................................................................................................................[5-32]
5.6.2 CAN Bus Standard/Specifications Information .....................................................................[5- 32]
5.6.3 CAN Bus Interface Ics ...........................................................................................................[5-33]
5.7 INTERBUS....................................................................................................... [5-33]
5.7.1 PROFINET ...........................................................................................................................[5-33]
5.7.2 Technology...........................................................................................................................[5-34]
5.7.3 PROFINET component model (PROFINET CBA) .................................................................[5-34]
5.7.4 PROFINET and the peripherals (PROFINET IO) ...................................................................[5-34]
5.7.5 PROFINET and real time ......................................................................................................[5-35]
5.7.6 PROFINET and isochronous communication ........................................................................[5-35]
5.7.7 Additional highlights of the PROFINET concept ....................................................................[5-35]
5.8 LONWORKS.................................................................................................... [5-36]
5.8.1 Origins and uptake................................................................................................................[5-36]
5.8.2 Applications using LonWorks ................................................................................................[5-37]
5.8.3 SNVTs (Standard Network Variable Types)...........................................................................[5-38]
5.9 INDUSTRIAL ETHERNET ................................................................................ [5-38]
5.10 INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP)............................................................................. [5-39]
5.10.1 IP Packet Format ..................................................................................................................[5-40]
5.10.2 IP Addressing........................................................................................................................[5-41]
5.10.3 IP Address Format ................................................................................................................[5-41]
5.10.4 IP Address Classes ................................................................................................................[5-42]
5.10.5 IP Subnet Addressing............................................................................................................[5-43]
5.10.6 IP Subnet Mask.....................................................................................................................[5-44]
5.10.7 Logical AND Operation.........................................................................................................[5-46]
5.11 ADDRESS RESOLUTION PROTOCOL (ARP) OVERVIEW ............................... [5-47]
5.11.1 Internet Routing ....................................................................................................................[5-47]
5.11.2 IP Routing.............................................................................................................................[5-48]
5.12 INTERNET CONTROL MESSAGE PROTOCOL (ICMP) .................................... [5-48]
12. Table of contents xi
5.12.1 ICMP Messages.....................................................................................................................[5-48]
5.13 ICMP ROUTER-DISCOVERY PROTOCOL (IDRP)............................................ [5-49]
5.14 TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL (TCP) .............................................. [5-49]
5.14.1 TCP Connection Establishment.............................................................................................[5-50]
5.15 POSITIVE ACKNOWLEDGMENT AND RETRANSMISSION (PAR)................... [5-50]
5.16 TCP SLIDING WINDOW.................................................................................. [5-51]
5.16.1 TCP Packet Format...............................................................................................................[5-51]
5.16.2 TCP Packet Field Descriptions ..............................................................................................[5-52]
5.17 USER DATAGRAM PROTOCOL (UDP)............................................................ [5-52]
5.18 INTERNET PROTOCOLS APPLICATION-LAYER PROTOCOLS ....................... [5-53]
6 HART PROTOCOL........................................................................[6-1 to 6-20]
6.1 WHAT IS HART?................................................................................................ [6-1]
6.1.1 Communication Modes...........................................................................................................[6-3]
6.2 THE HART MESSAGE STRUCTURE .................................................................. [6-5]
6.2.1 DDL device description...........................................................................................................[6-5]
6.2.2 HART commands ...................................................................................................................[6-7]
6.2.3 Continuous HART Communication Increases Safety Integrity Level (SIL) .............................[6-10]
6.2.3.1 Cost-Saving Applications...................................................................................[6-12]
6.3 OSI MODEL..................................................................................................... [6-13]
6.4 BENEFITS OF HART COMMUNICATIONS ...................................................... [6-16]
Review Questions ............................................................................................................[6-19]
7 FOUNDATION FIELDBUS............................................................[7-1 to 7-14]
7.1 OVERVIEW........................................................................................................ [7-1]
7.1.1 FOUNDATION H1 .................................................................................................................[7-1]
7.1.2 FOUNDATION HSE...............................................................................................................[7-2]
7.1.3 Function Block Model .............................................................................................................[7-3]
7.1.4 Flexible Function Blocks enhance control in the field...............................................................[7-5]
7.1.5 How the technology works......................................................................................................[7-5]
7.1.6 Safety Instrumented Functions ................................................................................................[7-7]
7.2 STANDARDS..................................................................................................... [7-8]
Glossary...............................................................................................................................................[7-9]
13. Table of contentsxii
8 WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES .......................................................[8-1 to 8-66]
8.1 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................. [8-1]
8.1.1 Geostationary satellite ..........................................................................................................[8-2]
8.2 TYPES OF SATELLITES..................................................................................... [8-2]
8.3 ORBITAL ASPECTS........................................................................................... [8-3]
8.3.1 Types of satellite orbits .........................................................................................................[8-4]
8.4 PRINCIPLE OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATION ................................................ [8-6]
8.4.1 Block diagram of a satellite communication system...............................................................[8-6]
8.5 GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE.......................................................................... [8-7]
8.6 APPLICATIONS OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS......................... [8-8]
8.7 COMPARISON OF SATELLITE .......................................................................... [8-8]
8.8 STATION KEEPING IN SATELLITE COMMUNICATION .................................... [8-9]
8.9 SATELLITE FREQUENCIES AND ALLOCATIONS ............................................. [8-9]
8.9.1 Uplink Frequency...............................................................................................................[8-10]
8.9.2 Downlink frequency ...........................................................................................................[8-10]
8.9.3 Satellite altitude..................................................................................................................[8-11]
8.9.4 Block diagram of Satellite transponder ...............................................................................[8-12]
8.9.5 Frequency reuse and polarization .......................................................................................[8-12]
8.10 EARTH STATION OR GROUND STATION....................................................... [8-15]
8.11 DIRECT BROADCAST SATELLITE (DBS)........................................................ [8-16]
8.12 TVRO............................................................................................................... [8-17]
8.12.1 TVRO satellite bands ..........................................................................................................[8-17]
8.13 GPS................................................................................................................. [8-17]
8.13.1 GPS Tracking.....................................................................................................................[8-18]
8.13.2 GPS Works ........................................................................................................................[8-18]
8.13.3 Types of GPS tracking units ...............................................................................................[8-18]
8.13.4 Counter Measures to GPS tracking.....................................................................................[8-19]
8.14 WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS ..................................................................... [8-19]
8.14.1 History ...............................................................................................................................[8-21]
8.14.2 Applications of wireless technology.....................................................................................[8-22]
8.15 WIRELESS LAN............................................................................................... [8-23]
8.15.1 54 MBit/s WLAN PCI Card (802.11g).................................................................................[8-23]
8.15.2 Architecture........................................................................................................................[8-24]
8.15.3 Types of wireless LANs.......................................................................................................[8-24]
8.15.4 Wireless distribution system ................................................................................................[8-25]
14. Table of contents xiii
8.15.5 Wireless bridge...................................................................................................................[8-26]
8.15.6 Wireless router ...................................................................................................................[8-27]
8.16 RADIO COMMUNICATION.............................................................................. [8-28]
8.16.1 Etymology..........................................................................................................................[8-28]
8.16.2 Processes ...........................................................................................................................[8-28]
8.16.3 Audio.................................................................................................................................[8-30]
8.16.4 Video .................................................................................................................................[8-31]
8.16.5 Navigation .........................................................................................................................[8-31]
8.16.6 Radar.................................................................................................................................[8-32]
8.16.7 Data (digital radio) .............................................................................................................[8-32]
8.16.8 Modern GPS receivers .......................................................................................................[8-33]
8.16.9 Amateur radio service.........................................................................................................[8-34]
8.16.10 Unlicensed radio services....................................................................................................[8-34]
8.16.11 Types of radio ....................................................................................................................[8-34]
8.16.12 Satellite radio .....................................................................................................................[8-35]
8.16.13 Satellite Internet .................................................................................................................[8-35]
8.16.13.1 Dial Return Satellite Internet ...........................................................................[8-36]
8.16.13.2 DVB-RCS Satellite Internet .............................................................................[8-36]
8.16.13.3 IPoS Satellite Internet .....................................................................................[8-36]
8.16.13.4 S-DOCSIS Satellite Internet............................................................................[8-36]
8.17 WI-FI ............................................................................................................... [8-36]
8.17.1 Uses...................................................................................................................................[8-37]
8.17.2 Direct computer-to-computer communications ...................................................................[8-38]
8.17.3 Wi-Fi certification ...............................................................................................................[8-39]
8.17.4 Advantages and challenges.................................................................................................[8-40]
8.17.5 Limitations .........................................................................................................................[8-40]
8.17.6 Reach.................................................................................................................................[8-40]
8.17.7 Mobility..............................................................................................................................[8-41]
8.17.8 Data security risks...............................................................................................................[8-41]
8.17.9 Population .........................................................................................................................[8-41]
8.17.10 Channel pollution...............................................................................................................[8-42]
8.17.11 Hardware...........................................................................................................................[8-42]
8.17.12 Embedded systems.............................................................................................................[8-43]
8.17.13 Network security.................................................................................................................[8-44]
8.17.14 Piggybacking......................................................................................................................[8-45]
8.17.15 Wi-Fi (802.11)....................................................................................................................[8-46]
8.17.16 Wi-Fi channel: 2.4 GHz (802.11b/g/n)................................................................................[8-47]
8.17.17 WiFi channel: 3.6 GHz (802.11y).......................................................................................[8-48]
8.17.18 WiFi channel: 5 GHz (802.11a/h/j/n) ..................................................................................[8-48]
15. Table of contentsxiv
8.17.19 Wi-Fi software tools............................................................................................................[8-50]
8.17.20 Wi-Fi Software tools for windows........................................................................................[8-51]
8.18 EAP, LEAP, PEAP AND EAP-TLS AND EAP-TTLS........................................... [8-52]
8.18.1 PEAP, EAP-TTLS and a world without certificates..............................................................[8-52]
8.19 PPP ................................................................................................................. [8-53]
8.19.1 PPP LCP............................................................................................................................[8-53]
8.19.2 PPP NCP’s.........................................................................................................................[8-54]
8.20 GSM ................................................................................................................ [8-54]
8.20.1 The future of GSM .............................................................................................................[8-55]
8.20.2 GSM Network Operators....................................................................................................[8-55]
8.20.3 GSM Security.....................................................................................................................[8-55]
8.20.4 GSM system architecture....................................................................................................[8-56]
8.20.5 GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) ...............................................................................[8-58]
8.20.6 The future of GPRS............................................................................................................[8-58]
8.20.7 GSM and GPRS security functions.....................................................................................[8-58]
8.21 IS-54 AND IS-136: TDMA................................................................................ [8-61]
8.21.1 IS-54 and IS-136: TDMA Security......................................................................................[8-62]
8.22 EDGE .............................................................................................................. [8-62]
8.22.1 EDGE Compact .................................................................................................................[8-62]
8.23 VSAT ............................................................................................................... [8-62]
8.23.1 Implementations of VSAT...................................................................................................[8-63]
8.23.2 VSAT Configurations..........................................................................................................[8-63]
8.23.3 VSAT’s Strengths ...............................................................................................................[8-64]
8.23.4 VSAT Drawbacks ...............................................................................................................[8-64]
Summary...........................................................................................................................................[8-64]
Review Questions...........................................................................................................................[8-65]
16. xv
Preface
Application of communication systems in every field has got the importance day by day. Going for communication
system design in the real time environment is really a great challenge. For this purpose some essentials of Industrial
Communications related thing, different types of communication devices, their appropriate applications with examples
should be part of the general knowledge. This book gives the basics of those communications and networks useful for the
applications and designing the Industrial data and distributed control systems.
For the students of Instrumentation engineering, the simplified contents in any subject are scarce. As ongoing stages
of publishing after Project Engineering, planning and management, I have first time authored this book with very great
care. Hope this book will be of great use to students and practicing engineers in various universities.
As its title suggests, this is an introductory text to the theory and practice of Industrial data communications. It is
intended to cover the needs, as these pertain to the scope of S. E. Instrumentation and control engineering education.
This book is the outcome of notes collected since the graduation. Lot of changes took place from 1997 course to 2009
course. I have noted the changes and rewritten the articles as per the syllabus.
A considerable effort has been made to make the book clear and easy to read and understand, without sacrificing
details. The theory has been suitably highlighted and reinforced with the help of diagrams.
The book is specially written for second year students of Instrumentation and control engineering. However, it should
prove suitable for other branches of engineering which include Data communications and networks as one of their
subjects.
The book has been divided into 8 chapters as per university syllabus of Industrial data communications. An attempt
has been made to cover whole syllabus as per university’s curriculum.
The book begins with……
Chapter-1 describes the basic of communication models and its different layers. Also, it covers Noise and cable
engineering.
Chapter-2 explains different communication modes used from the transmission to reception.
Chapter-3 covers almost all the communication networks, their structures, transmission media, data encoding
techniques.
Chapter-4 gives standards for communication between remote systems and different networks developed by
international organization to integrate all system used in throughout the world.
Chapter-5 describes the DCS Engineering and Designs that include industrial networking.
Chapter-6 teaches Application development of Automation using HART communication protocols and continuous
process application.
Chapter-7 gives all the details of Foundation fieldbus and its functionality.
Chapter-8 introduces the distant wireless technologies like WLAN and satellite systems upcoming mobile
communication system like GSM ,CDMA etc.
INTENDED READERSHIP
The book is specially written for the students of S.E. Instrumentation Engineering university course. It is also seen as
being of value to students of MSc, BSc, Electronics and telecommunications, information technology, computer
engineering, Electronic Science and Instrumentation Science. It can also be used by senior students and practicing
engineers in the broad field of Control Systems and instrumentation technology.
BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE ASSUMED
A prerequisite for using this book is basic knowledge of electronics covered in the previous curriculum in the
Instrumentation Engineering course.
A basic knowledge of science and mathematics has been assumed. The science required is basic physical science. Key
elements of science are developed in appropriate chapters. The mathematics required is just the ability to handle the
numbers, integration, summation, interpret graphs and in a few instances, handle simple algebraic equation. Knowledge
of the subject of biology at Xth
and XIIth
class level would be very useful, although not absolutely essential.
- Chinttan N. Dewalia
17. xvi
Acknowledgements
Even effort has been made to give credit where it is due for the material contained herein. If inadvertently we have
omitted giving credit, future publications will give due credit to those that are brought to the author’s attention.
I am vastly indebted to many people who have helped and inspired me, in various ways, to start, continue, and
complete this book. I cannot find words to describe the debt I owe to all of my colleagues at various colleges in Pune and
Mumbai University for having created a stimulating atmosphere of academic excellence, the basic element of any long-
lasting endeavor.
My wife Bhaktti and staff of my company typed the original manuscript with great care, artistic taste, skill, and
dedication, unparalleled in my own experience.
Many thanks to Mrs. Vidya Kamankar (R.G.I.T., Andheri, Mumbai) for the constant encouragement and for ongoing
publishing activity with another new and challenging subject for which I have, for the first time, authored the whole book
in my eight years of publishing career. As a publisher, whatever I am expecting from the author, I have considered all the
points while writing the book.
Many thanks to all the faculty members & teachers in various colleges in Mumbai & Pune University & those who
supported & encouraged me to publish the various useful & needful books. The books that are bridging the gap of
contents & simplification between reference materials & applied curriculum of engineering course in Mumbai & Pune
University which will further conform to all the curriculums in Indian Universities. This book is the outcome of eight
years of of Publishing experience and own technical background. The suggestions from all side will be very helpful to the
future reader and students of this subject because the intention is that to have a standard book for this subject. Thanks to
all the students for encouraging me to publish this book.
Unfortunately, sources were not always noted or available; hence, it became impractical to provide an accurate
acknowledgement. Regardless of the source, I wish to express my gratitude to those who may have contributed to this
work, even though anonymously.
- Mr.Chinttan N. Dewalia
D.I.E., B. E. Instrumentation Engg.
(Dr.D.Y.Patil College of Engg., Pune University)
Typesetting, editing and art:
Mrs. Bhaktti C. Dewalia
19. xviii
ROADMAP TO THE SYLLABUS
(In accordance with the university revised syllabus for S.E. Instrumentation and control Engineering)
1. Introduction: OSI reference model ,Systems engineering approach, State transition structure, Detailed design ,
Media, Physical connections, Protocols , Noise ,Cable spacing, Ingress protection.
Go to Chapter 1 Introduction to Industrial Data Communications
2. Communications and control: Introduction, Evolution of industrial control process, communication interface- serial
and parallel, communication mode-simplex, half duplex and full duplex, synchronization and timing.
Go to Chapter 2 Communications and control
3. Industrial network: network requirements, OSI implementation, Enterprise network: types of networks, LAN –
architecture, topology, transmission media: Cable characteristics, Cable selection, unshielded twisted-pair cable ,
shielded twisted-pair cable, Coaxial cables , Fiber optics, wireless media. physical and logical media access and
arbitration methods – token passing, ring, bus master-slave, peer-peer, network and transport layer services, real time
implications, Session, presentation, and application layers. LAN standards for open LAN, bridges, routers and
gateways, Manchester coding.
Go to Chapter 3 Industrial networks
4. Open control network: RS232, RS422, EIA 485, Ethernet- MODBUS – structure, function codes and
implementation, General Purpose Instrument Bus, specifications. Proprietary control network: MODBUS plus,
data highway plus.
Go to Chapter 4 Open control network
5 Networks at different levels: Sensor level network: AS-i, CAN, Devicenet, Interbus and LON, Device network:
Foundation Fieldbus –H1, HART, PROFIBUS-PA, Control network: BACnet, ControlNet, FF-HSE, PROFIBUS-
DP, Ethernet, TCP/IP.
Go to Chapter 5 Networks at different levels
6 HART: Architecture – physical, data link, application layer, communication technique, normal and burst mode of
communication, troubleshooting, benefits of HART.
Go to Chapter 6 HART
7 Foundation fieldbus: Fieldbus requirement, features, advantages, fieldbus components, types, architecture–physical,
data link, application layer, system and network management, wiring, segment functionality checking, installation in
safe and hazardous area and troubleshooting, function block application process.
Go to Chapter 7 Foundation fieldbus
8 Wireless technologies: Satellite systems , Wireless LANs (WLANs) , Radio and wireless communication, WiFi ,
GSM, GPRS and VSAT – their comparison, limitations and characteristics.
Go to Chapter 8 Wireless technologies