Culture and Society in Southeast Asia Indigenous Communalities

1. INDIGENOUS
COMMUNALITIES
GROUP 2

2. INDIGENOUS
PEOPLE IN
SOUTHEAST
ASIA

3.  Burma
 Thailand
 Singapore
 Philippines
 Laos
 Cambodia
COUNTRIES IN SOUTHEAST
ASIA
 Brunei
 East-Timor
 Vietnam
 Malaysia
 Indonesia

4. INDIGENOUS PEOPLE
 Indigenous people are inheritors and practitioners of
unique cultures and ways of relating to people and the
environment. They have retained social, cultural,
economic and political characteristics that are distinct
from those of the dominant societies in which they live.

5. INDIGENOUS PEOPLE
• Clothes
• Skin color
• Cultures
• Practices
• Looks
• Faces
• traditions

6. The Hmong – Thailand, Laos,
Vietnam
EXAMPLES OF INDIGENOUS
PEOPLE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
• The Hmong – Thailand, Laos,
Vietnam
• One of the biggest hill tribe
• Found in the northern provinces
of Thailand ,Northern Vietnam
• Originated in in Southern China
• Wooden and bamboo houses
• 125,000 Population in Thailand

7. The Mlabri – Thailand, Laos
EXAMPLES OF INDIGENOUS
PEOPLE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
• The Mlabri – Thailand, Laos
• Small ethnic group
• “most entersisting & least understood people”
• Population less than 400 people
• Lives in Northern Thailand
• “People of the forest”
• “the spirit of the yellow leaves”
• Originated from Laos
• Settlement are near water resources

8. The Bhil - India
EXAMPLES OF INDIGENOUS
PEOPLE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
• The Bhil – India
• Found in western india
• Largest tribal group in India
• Dialect are Marathi,Gujarati, Hindustani
• Very decorative people

9. The Giraavaru – Maldives
EXAMPLES OF INDIGENOUS
PEOPLE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
• The Giraavaru – Maldives
• Indigenous people of tropical island of
Giraavaru
• Originated from Malabar,India(Sri Lanka)
• Community is headed by women/s
• Very Few due to migration

10. The Akha – Laos
EXAMPLES OF INDIGENOUS
PEOPLE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
• The Akha – Laos
• Rarest indigenous hill tribe
• Chooses to live in the most remote areas
• Originated in South China & Tibet
• Very distinctive National Dress for
Women

11. COMMON
LANGUAGE
TREE

12. The Sino-Tibetan,
Austronesians, the
Austro-Asiatics and the
Tai: Originally one
family?

13. Sino-Tibetan
one of the largest
language families in the
world, with more than
400 languages, also
known as Trans-
Himalayan. This
includes both the
Chines and the Tibeto-
Burman Language.

14. AUSTRONESIAN
language are a language
family widely spoken
throughout Taiwan, Malay,
Peninsula, Maritime
Southeast Asia, Madagascar
and the island of the Pacific
Ocean. There are also a few
speakers in continental Asia.
They are spoken by about
386 million people.

15. AUSTRO-ASIATIC
Language Family consists of
169 languages spoken in
Southeast Asia, in
countries located between
China and Indonesia. A few
are spoken to the west of
this area
in the Nicobar Islands and in
India. The austro- part of the
name comes from the Latin
word ‘south.’

16. TAI OR ZHUANG–TAI
are a branch of the Kra–Dai language family. The Tai languages
include the most widely spoken of the Tai–Kadai languages, including
Standard Thai or Siamese, the national language of Thailand; Lao or
Laotian, the national language of Laos; Myanmar's Shan language
and Zhuang, a major language in the Southern Chinese province of
Guangxi.

17. LANGUAGE AND CULTURE
Language is the means by which communities communicate,
using sounds, symbols, and gestures. It reflects our individual and
collective identities. Culture, on the other hand, encompasses
social systems, behavior patterns, beliefs, and values. It shapes
and influences language use and interpretation. For instance,
different cultures define a "good day" in contrasting ways.
Language and culture are intertwined, as each language
represents a specific group of people and their culture. Therefore,
when teaching or learning a language, it is crucial to reference the
culture it originates from.

18. CULTURAL DIFFUSION
• Is the spread of cultural trends
across locations
• It can involve the spread of ideas,
styles, religions, technologies,
languages, and other aspects of
culture.
ORIGINS AND
DIFFUSION

19. CULTURAL DIFFUSION

20. TYPES OF CULTURAL DIFFUSION
Cultural
Diffusion
Expansion
Diffusion
Relocation
Diffusion

21. TYPES OF CULTURAL DIFFUSION
EXPANSION
DIFFUSION
is when a trend spread from its
originating place, outward. This
occurs when an idea or trait
spreads from one place to
another.

22. EXPANSION DIFFUSION
Types of Expansion
Diffusion
Contagious
Diffusion
Hierarchal
Diffusion
Stimulus
Diffusion

23. TYPE OF EXPANSION
DIFFUSION
Contagious
Diffusion
When a cultural trend is
transmitted from person
to person from an original
source to numerous others,
similar to a virus.

24. TYPE OF EXPANSION
DIFFUSION
Hierarchal
Diffusion
When a cultural trend is
spread from one segment
of society to another, in
pattern.
Example:
•Music Genres (rap, etc.)
•The Spanish Inquisition
•Religious Doctrine

25. TYPE OF EXPANSION
DIFFUSION
Stimulus
Diffusion
When a cultural trend
spreads, but is changed by
those adopting the idea.

26. TYPES OF CULTURAL DIFFUSION
RELOCATION
DIFFUSION
is when a person migrates from
their home and shares their
culture with a new location.

29. KINSHIP
AND
GENDER

30. WAS THE BILATERAL KINSHIP SYSTEM THE NORM
BEFORE THE COMING OF THE GREAT
TRADITIONS?

31. MATRILINE
AL
DESCENT
PATRILINE
AL
DESCENT

32. THE RELATIVELY HIGH
POSITION OF WOMEN
( Women in Southeast Asia )

33. WOMEN IN PRE-MODERN
• Southeast Asia: Linguistic and cultural diversity, home to over 550
million people.
• Unique position of women in Southeast Asia compared to East or
South Asia.
• Factors contributing to the favorable position of women: kinship, bride
price, living arrangements, indigenous roles, agricultural labor, and
local market dominance.
• Impact of centralized states and imported philosophies and religions on
gender dynamics.

34. WOMEN IN PRE-MODERN
 Traditional Roles and Status of Women
 Influence of Centralized States and
Imported Philosophies

35. WOMEN IN PRE-MODERN
• Women in pre-modern Southeast Asia enjoyed a relatively favorable
position compared to neighboring regions.
• Factors such as kinship, bride price, living arrangements, indigenous
roles, agricultural labor, and local market dominance contributed to
their status.
• However, the rise of centralized states and the spread of imported
philosophies and religions gradually favored males and emphasized
female subordination.
• Local traditions acted as a moderating force, maintaining a balance
between external influences and traditional values.

36. WOMEN AND COLONIALISM
• European involvement in Southeast Asia in the 19th century
due to economic resources and strategic positioning.
• European control over the region, except for Siam (Thailand),
by the 1890s.
• Impact of colonialism on women's roles and status in Southeast
Asia.

37. WOMEN AND COLONIALISM
 Women as Cheap Wage Labor
 Reforming Customary Laws and
Patriarchy
 Women's Influence and Resistance
 Nationalist Movements and Women's
Concerns
 Women's Role in Anti-Colonial
Movements

38. WOMEN AND COLONIALISM
• Colonialism had significant implications for women in Southeast
Asia, particularly in terms of their economic exploitation and the
reinforcement of patriarchal norms.
• Despite restrictions, women maintained influence in community
life and actively participated in anti-colonial movements.
• The struggle for independence often delayed addressing
gender concerns, but educated women began confronting
issues of inequality.
• Women's role in Southeast Asian history deserves recognition
and further exploration.

39. WOMEN IN CONTEMPORARY
• Post-World War II era: Demise of European colonialism in
Southeast Asia.
• Theoretical commitment to gender equality in independent
states, but challenges in translating it into reality.
• Increase in women holding public office, especially in local
government, but limited representation in national government.

40. WOMEN IN CONTEMPORARY
 Challenges in Women's Political
Participation
 Barriers to Greater Female Political
Involvement
 Efforts for Gender Equality and
Preference for Sons
 Economic Position of Southeast Asian
Women
 Education and Empowerment
 Promising Future for Southeast Asian

41. WOMEN IN CONTEMPORARY
• Gender equality remains a challenge in contemporary Southeast Asia,
despite theoretical commitments.
• Women face barriers in political participation, including marginalization and
limited real power.
• Gender stereotypes, religious teachings, and preference for sons continue
to influence societal attitudes.
• Economic disparities exist among Southeast Asian countries, impacting
women's economic positions.
• Education and empowerment initiatives provide opportunities for women's
progress.
• Southeast Asian countries show promise in measures of human
development, indicating a positive future for women in the region.

42. “Paradise is to Lie at
Mother’s Feet”
-Prophet Muhammad

43. THANK YOU
FOR
LISTENING!!