The document analyzes the direct and indirect contributions of the Indian IT/ITES industry to the Indian economy and society. It discusses how the industry has contributed to GDP growth, employment generation, exports, and development of other sectors. It also examines how the industry has promoted social development through workforce diversity, education and skills initiatives, and community programs focused on areas like education, health, and the environment.

1. Indian IT/ITES Industry: Impacting Economy and Society 2007-08 15 th February 2008

2. Objective To carry out an analysis of the overall direct and indirect contribution of IT/ITES industry to the Economy and Society

3. Methodology Past study reports, NASSCOM and NASSCOM Foundation reports, State Government presentations, STPI data, white papers, international and national press clippings, Company Annual Reports, various websites Extensive Secondary Research Primary Survey IT/ITES Companies- 123 Employees, entrepreneurs, Government Departments, others such as real estate developers (including coverage in Bhubaneswar), overseas employees in Deloitte offices etc.

4. Deloitte Framework for Analysis National GDP share Forex earning Employment generation Spurring growth of first generation entrepreneurs Driving growth of other sectors Indirect employment generation Boosting India’s image in global markets Front runner in good corporate governance Contribution to Workforce development Overall talent development in the country Employment Diversity: Persons with diverse qualifications Differently-abled Women Persons from small cities Youth Out of mainstream candidates Education Health Livelihood Contribution to Community and Environment Direct economic impact Improving product/ service quality Indirect impact on Economic Scenario Skill enhancement within organisation Employee friendly work environment Environment Rural Development Women & Children Differently abled Sports and Arts Balanced Regional Growth Fuelling growth of PE/VC funding activity

5. Deloitte Framework for Analysis (…contd.) Progressive influence from direct stakeholders to external stakeholders Moving from ‘for-profit’ to ‘not-for-profit’ activities Focus of companies from immediate concerns areas to community initiatives

6. Deloitte Framework for Analysis (…contd.) National GDP share Forex earning Employment generation Direct economic impact

7. Deloitte Framework for Analysis (…contd.) National GDP share Forex earning Employment generation Spurring growth of first generation entrepreneurs Driving growth of other sectors Indirect employment generation Boosting India’s image in global markets Front runner in good corporate governance Direct economic impact Improving product/ service quality Indirect impact on Economic Scenario Balanced Regional Growth Fuelling growth of PE/VC funding activity

8. Deloitte Framework for Analysis (…contd.) National GDP share Forex earning Employment generation Spurring growth of first generation entrepreneurs Driving growth of other sectors Indirect employment generation Boosting India’s image in global markets Front runner in good corporate governance Contribution to Workforce development Overall talent development in the country Employment Diversity: Persons with diverse qualifications Differently-abled Women Persons from small cities Youth Out of mainstream candidates Direct economic impact Improving product/ service quality Indirect impact on Economic Scenario Skill enhancement within organisation Employee friendly work environment Balanced Regional Growth Fuelling growth of PE/VC funding activity

9. Deloitte Framework for Analysis (…contd.) National GDP share Forex earning Employment generation Spurring growth of first generation entrepreneurs Driving growth of other sectors Indirect employment generation Boosting India’s image in global markets Front runner in good corporate governance Contribution to Workforce development Overall talent development in the country Employment Diversity: Persons with diverse qualifications Differently-abled Women Persons from small cities Youth Out of mainstream candidates Education Health Livelihood Contribution to Community and Environment Direct economic impact Improving product/ service quality Indirect impact on Economic Scenario Skill enhancement within organisation Employee friendly work environment Environment Rural Development Women & Children Differently abled Sports and Arts Balanced Regional Growth Fuelling growth of PE/VC funding activity

10. Direct Economic Impact Contribution as proportion of national GDP grew from 1.2% in FY98 to 5.2% in FY07 Share of GDP Forex Earnings IT/ITES industry grew by impressive 32.6% in FY07 Expected to reach 40 bn USD in FY08 Employment Generation CAGR of 26% in last decade Direct employment of around 2 million by end 2008 Impressive level of contribution for an industry that didn’t have a significant presence 25 years ago

11. Indirect Economic Impact Driving Growth of Other Sectors Every Re 1 spent by IT/ITES sector results in Rs. 2 total output in the economy In FY06, 15.85 bn USD spent by the sector in domestic economy generated total output of 31.35 bn USD Multiplier effect more significant in sectors like housing/construction, transport services, communications, consumer durables, food items and clothing Indirect Employment Generation Every one new job in the sector, creates four additional jobs in the economy Estimated indirect employment generated around 6.5 mn in FY07 Indirect employment opportunities created for low skilled/less educated workers- 75% of indirect workforce are SSC/HSC or less educated Employment generated for direct service providers e.g. catering, transport and housekeeping, security and sectors where consumption spending has risen Balanced Regional Growth Sector contributing to small city growth by hiring employees from these areas Several IT/ITES Companies shifting to smaller cities, beyond traditional Tier I locations - Emerging pan India presence of the sector

12. Indirect Economic Impact (…contd.) Fuelling growth of PE/VC Funding Worldwide dotcom boom and IT sector growth kick-started VC activity in India - India-centric VC funds got created followed by larger PE players IT/ITES sector was the initial focus – offered better returns and accounted for 65% of deals by number in 2000 Other sectors like healthcare, manufacturing and financial services have also benefitted and able to access this source of funding IT/ITES sector continues to attract largest share of PE/VC investments IT/ITES sector largely responsible for initiating trend of first generation entrepreneurship Created role models for Indian middle class – spurred them to exploit potential with confidence As per STPI, 1,905 new units registered between FY01-05, most of which set up by first generation entrepreneurs Wealth created by entrepreneurs was also shared among employees – ESOP practice started by the IT/ITES sector created many salaried millionaires Spurring first generation entrepreneur ship

13. Indirect Economic Impact (…contd.) High quality levels to cater to global markets Moving out from low-end non-technology oriented products to products/services that can compete and win on quality parameters 30% of companies who have reached Level 5 of CMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integration) are from India Large percentage of Fortune 500/Global 2000 corporations source their technology related services from India Raised the bar for other industries as well Sector acknowledged to be the front-runner in practicing good corporate governance Many Indian IT companies listed on US stock exchanges which require adherence to stringent guidelines Has created positive pressure within and in other sectors to adopt global standards Many companies received national/international recognition for such initiatives Front runner in practicing good Corporate Governance Boosting India’s image overseas Sector helping define what brand ‘India’ stands for in today’s global market IT/ITES sector leading Indian business’s overseas acquisition spree Growing number of companies being listed on global stock exchanges – building a strong brand outside India Partnerships between Indian IT firms and high profile events/brands & use of ‘Made in India’ software products worldwide

14. Indirect Economic Impact: Balanced Regional Growth Balanced Regional Growth Contributing to small city growth by hiring employees from these towns Several IT/ITES Companies are now shifting to smaller cities, beyond their traditional Tier I locations - Emerging pan India presence of the sector Hyderabad Chennai Pune Jaipur Chandigarh Lucknow Kolkata Bhubaneswar Ludhiana Ahmedabad Baroda Managalore Coimbatore Cochin Trivandrum Nagpur Indore Nasik Vishakhapatnam Mysore Hubli Manipal Guwahati Vijayawada Mohali Trichy Madurai Tirunelveli

15. Indirect Economic Impact: Balanced Regional Growth (…contd.) A Case Study of Regional Balancing: Bhubaneswar IT/ITES sector growth Units registered with STPI as well as exporting units have risen steadily since 2003-04 Impact of IT/ITES sector growth Impact on Export Earnings Reached around Rs. 800 crore ( 183 mn USD ) in 2006-07 – set to reach target of Rs 2000 crore ( 500mn USD ) by 2011-12 Growth in 06-07 of 60% - higher than national average of 28% Impact on Employment Demand for IT/ITES professionals grew at CAGR of 206% during 2001-07- projected to reach 430,000 by 2011-12 From surplus manpower till 2004, shortfall of nearly 63,000 professionals in 2007

16. Indirect Economic Impact: Balanced Regional Growth (…contd.) Impact of IT/ITES sector growth Impact on Education Number of engineering colleges in state has risen from around 10 five years ago to around 45 currently Several new educational institutions are to be set up (including IIIT, IIT Kharagpur campus, NISER, private engineering colleges and polytechnics) Introduction of new courses – MCA in all Engg. Colleges, IT/ITES related courses in polytechnics Training initiatives being undertaken by Companies to improve quality of students Supply of IT professional has grown at a CAGR of 148% during 2001-07 Impact on Infrastructure Creation of IT Parks and townships to meet requirements of companies – entry of national infrastructure development players Improvement in local amenities (roads, housing, retail, entertainment etc.) especially with growth in ancillary services Impact on service quality in associated sectors Rising demand leading to increased number of vendors and encouraging existing vendors to improve service quality

17. Indirect Economic Impact: Balanced Regional Growth (…contd.) Entry of IT/ITES Companies into a region Socio-Economic Impact on the region Government initiatives to attract Companies in other regions Driving factors: Availability of cheaper land Lower operating costs (rentals, salaries etc). Availability of a basic level of talent Lower attrition rates. Growth in software exports Employment generation Growth in educational institutes & improvement in education quality Growth in ancillary services sector Development in real estate/infrastructure. Investments in physical infrastructure and improving quality of local amenities. Development of educational infrastructure. Basic level of infrastructure and talent pool exists in smaller cities where companies expand Further development takes place as a result of, and to support, IT/ITES growth Inspiration for other cities to emulate the success, leading to large scale regional development Impact of Entry of IT Companies into Tier II/III Cities

18. Diversity at the Workplace Diverse qualifications Direct employment opportunities for people with qualifications ranging from school pass-outs to highly qualified professionals Indirect employment opportunities for around 6.5 million employees, including those with lesser qualifications Women Employer of choice for women - percentage in workforce set to rise from current 30% to 45% in 2010 Encouraging women to pursue employment in the sector through women focused strategies at each level of employment cycle Youth Set to be one of the largest employers of a growing ‘young population’ of India – 2/3 rd being below 30 years Median age of professionals 28.9 years (even lower in BPO sector) with 70% workforce in 26-35 age group Out-of-Mainstream Through innovative HR practices, industry has engaged unconventional employee groups such as retired persons, housewives etc. Small City/Town Persons By moving into Tier II/III cities, sector creating huge employment opportunities, hitherto largely limited Deloitte survey shows large IT/ITES companies often have 33-50% employees from non-metro/rural areas 64% of IT/ITES companies in the Deloitte survey employed differently abled persons Companies are collaborating with NGOs and Governments to institutionalise hiring of differently abled persons Differently abled Faced with a shortage of talent, the industry has responded with innovative solutions leading to a diverse atmosphere at workplace

19. Human Resource Development Only 10% of Indian youth receive higher education compared with more than half in industrialised countries and 15% in China Of the 4 lakh engineers produced per year in India, only one out of four are employable Estimated likely shortfall of 500,000 employees in the industry by 2010 Fast growing industry -grappling with availability and quality of talent issues Industry’s initiatives to address issue Development of overall talent pool in the country Enhancing skill levels of employees in the organisation Stimulating and employee friendly work environment The IT/ITES sector has not only come forward by making investments in training their own employees but has gone beyond and collaborated with Government and private institutions to enhance the capabilities and skills of the talent pool in general

20. Human Resource Development (…contd.) Development of overall talent pool in the country Relationships have been forged with the Government, academia and students to help raise the bar with respect to quality of talent churned out by the educational system Institution of various programmes in colleges for Ph.D. courses to foster excellence in education Provision of training to students and faculty by employee volunteers in various educational institutions for developing “industry ready” professionals Participation in curriculum design and updation for ensuring match between what is taught in institutions and requirements of industry Ministry of Human Resource Development has recommended launch of five new IIITs based on PPP model with support from NASSCOM and industry Stimulating Work Environment Industry has set a precedent by developing employee friendly work environment to improve employee satisfaction and productivity levels State of the art offices and innovative HR policies offered by Companies to ensure that they employ an engaged workforce 90% of companies surveyed offer flexi work hours and 59% offer work from home option Skill Enhancement in the Organisation Industry has emphasised upon workforce development by encouraging and aiding upgradation of skills and abilities 68% of companies surveyed offer scholarships and fund higher education courses Massive investment made in training new skills and abilities not acquired during educational courses, to sustain growth and compete globally ; top 5 cos. investing close to 430mn $ in FY08 Several companies tie-up with institutions to provide higher training to employees

21. Socially Relevant Products and Services Computer based literacy programmes, education and research networks, school support curriculum, curriculum wikipedia, collaborative tools, digitisation and local language conversion… Microfinance, setting up of rural BPOs, skills development and mobile applications that supplement employment and self employment… Compatible software and hardware for visually impaired, tools and applications to support we accessibility, setting up of telecentres in rural areas, providing technology support to NGOs through www.bigtech.in... Teleconsultation systems, emergency medical services, health portals and applications, awareness on HIV and AIDS… Industry has been responsible for developing products and services which have had an impact on lives of disadvantaged sections of society Education Employability& Entrepreneurship Health Bridging the digital divide Computer based literacy programmes of TCS , which aims to enable illiterate people develop reading skills in 40 hours as against 200 hours required traditionally ; have helped over 90,000 people across 1,400 centres in select states Patni Computer Services is improving access to quality health care services in semi-urban and rural areas through its teleconsultation system, which has benefited about 100 people till date at Jalna, a town 250 kms from Pune The Fisher Friend BREW application developed by Qualcomm, enables fishing community to earn their living in a safe and proactive manner by providing access to market prices, weather updates and emergency information in local language The NASSCOM Knowledge network, aimed at creating an enabling environment for underserved communities by facilitating access to information and services, has created a national grid of 140 knowledge centres across 12 states and 75 districts in India

22. Socially Relevant Community Initiatives 85% of Companies surveyed undertake socially relevant initiatives IT/ITES Companies have undertaken various community based programmes for sustainable development especially focusing on marginalised sections of society Prevalence Organisational Set Up Channels of contribution Majority of Companies contribute through a mix of monetary assistance and employee volunteer time Several companies have dedicated department/employees to undertake community initiatives

23. Socially Relevant Initiatives – Focus sectors Access - sponsoring schools in rural areas, scholarship provision to needy students etc. Retention - mid day meals, counseling by employees, ensuring child friendly learning environment Quality - curricular research, teacher’s training, education infrastructure improvement, employee volunteer time for conducting classes etc. Awareness level - spreading awareness about diseases and good health practice, health camps Access to healthcare - initiating and supporting telemedicine projects, medical emergency services Quality -improving availability and quality of infrastructure Focus sectors for socially relevant initiatives are Education, Health and Environment - initiatives are aimed at addressing critical issues plaguing various sectors in India and corresponding with the MDG goals Education Health Environment Environmental sustainability - conservation of resources, adoption of environmentally friendly practices in supply chain, creating awareness, tree plantation etc. Others Rural Development Connectivity - using technology for better connectivity, information availability etc. Livelihood Skill development- training, donations etc. Women & children Economic independence - empowerment programmes Differently abled Employability - support to NGOs, training programmes etc. Sports and Arts Encouragement- sponsoring events, donations etc.

24. Socially Relevant Community Initiatives - Education Education 68% of Companies undertaking socially relevant initiatives are involved in this sector Top areas of contribution are infrastructure, primary education, scholarships, IT training and higher education Initiatives by top 6 Companies impacted 17.5 lakh people in 2006-07 Primary Education Funding of schools, NGOs, donations etc. Employee volunteer time for training etc. Networking with Government, NGOs for advocacy and systemic changes Higher Education Teaching regular curriculum and other relevant skills, organising workshops etc. IT Training Designing and sponsoring training programmes, carrying out training through employee volunteers Infrastructure Overall infrastructure development in institutions, donation of computers etc. Others Training of teachers Adult education Mid day meals Scholarships Overall literacy rate in India around 65%, which is even lower (54%) in case of women Only 1.7% of GDP is spent on primary education and 3.4%% on education overall in India As per a 2005 survey, 7.8 million primary school-age children were out of school

25. Socially Relevant Community Initiatives – Primary Education Wipro’s ‘Applying Thought in School’ project with its 3 components of Training programs, Whole School Transformation and holistic intervention in Govt. schools reaches out to around 500,000 children and 9,698 teachers in 1,065 schools

26. Socially Relevant Community Initiatives – Higher Education/ IT Training Microsoft’s Unlimited Potential (UP) program has been a landmark initiative to bridge the gap in IT skills across rural India, particularly amongst the disadvantaged and women ; focuses on empowering women and rural community through ICT and enabling them to explore sustainable livelihood options ; targets to directly train over 2,20,000 individuals by 2010 through more than 2,000 Community Technology Learning Centres across 17 States and UTs

27. Socially Relevant Community Initiatives – Others IBM’s Reinventing Education aims to improve the quality of teaching using innovative technology solutions ; based on the understanding that an important component of student’s learning is the teacher’s preparation and professional development ; targeted at training 180 teachers from 40 schools in Chennai and Hyderabad in 2007, which would benefit 7,000 students

28. Socially Relevant Initiatives - Health Health 56% of Companies contribute to this sector Initiatives are aimed at improving quality and availability of infrastructure, initiating and supporting tele-medicine projects and creating awareness about risk factors Infrastructure Construction of medical facilities Maintenance of facilities Sponsoring equipment and vehicles, ambulances etc. Technology Support Setting up telemedicine systems Setting up emergency and health information help lines Others Sponsoring treatment for the poor Creating health awareness Organising health camps Blood donation drives Level of public expenditure on health in India, at 0.9% of GDP, is among the lowest in the world – India ranked 173 among 177 countries as per UNDP Human Development Report 2004 Almost half the children under five years of age are stunted and 43% are underweight 3 rd National Family Health Survey (05-06) shows only 17% of women and 33% of men have knowledge of HIV/AIDS

29. Socially Relevant Community Initiatives – Technology Support EMRI, a non-profit entity promoted by Satyam Computer Services, provides service for medical emergencies through its network of ambulances fitted with advanced life support system ; the call centre, accessed by toll-free 108 number in Andhra Pradesh, receives 13,000 calls a day ; has helped save over 20,000 lives and responded to 500,000 emergencies with 502 ambulances

30. Socially Relevant Initiatives - Environment Environment 42% of Companies undertaking socially relevant initiatives are involved in this sector Initiatives are aimed at conservation of resources and environmentally friendly practices in supply chain, awareness creation, tree plantation etc. Resource conservation and supply chain practices Conservation of resources such as energy, water, paper etc. Recycling and reduction of wastes Promoting the concept of Green Building in IT sector Awareness creation Awareness creation through campaigns Organising events such as essay writing competitions Supporting Green Peace activities etc. Ecological sustainability is being ensured in office campuses- certified ‘green’ office buildings, use of energy compliant products, rainwater harvesting, vermi composting etc. – the first building in the country set to earn carbon credits is an IT park in Kolkata Collaboration with various agencies to promote awareness regarding climate change in India – HP is collaborating with WWF to establish a climate witness project in Sunderbans Applied Material has invested in setting up of a solar enabled Digital Equaliser Centre in a rural school to deal with power shortages and reduce usage of electricity Others Plantation of trees Converting barren lands into green zones Initiating projects which reduces greenhouse gas emission, monitoring climate changes According to World Bank, after population growth, environmental sustainability is the greatest challenge facing India in its path to development

31. Other Community Initiatives – Rural Development/Livelihood Rural Development/Livelihood Key contribution in the use of technology for bringing about better connectivity, information availability and linkages in rural areas Also provided financial contribution or adopted villages for their overall development Byrraju Foundation’s GramIT, a rural BPO initiative aims to create employment opportunities and stem migration to urban areas of the rural youth by honing their computer and English skills ; 3 centres in Andhra Pradesh have imparted more than 150,000 person-hours of training session and produced over 500,000 person-hours of world class service delivery ; clients include multi-billion dollar publishing firm based in UK, India’s largest GSM mobile service operator, largest pre-hospital care provider of Andhra Pradesh

32. Contribution of NASSCOM Foundation NASSCOM Foundation Key activities are geared to contribute to the achievement of MDGs as it focuses on poverty reduction through improved access to education, health care and livelihood Initiatives impact over 30,000 community members through technology assistance, adult literacy, health awareness, IT skills development, micro-enterprises, life skills and women empowerment

33. Challenges faced Involvement of small companies low In early years of operation Companies find it difficult to allocate time and resources to community initiatives due to low margins and pressure on the bottom line While the contribution of the sector to India’s economy and society is well established, as the industry grows in stature and size, it is expected to play a larger role ; NASSCOM Foundation is best placed to address some of the key challenges faced by IT/ITES industry in fulfilling this bigger role Industry wide focus for carrying out socially relevant activities not yet developed, limiting contribution, reach and scalability Social initiatives are typically carried out within the geographical proximity of their organisations, which are typically urban areas. Very few Companies are involved in measuring outcomes or capturing data which would help in assessing the impact of initiatives Stand alone initiatives Limited geographical reach Measuring of outcomes largely absent

34. Way Forward Handholding for smaller companies Providing hand holding support and advisory services to smaller companies to help participate in community initiatives As a relatively young organisation, NF has taken significant strides to fulfill its stated role ; to help promote practice of socially relevant initiatives among IT/ITES companies, some future focus areas of NF Knowledge dissemination Dissemination of information on best practices, international benchmarks and monitoring mechanisms to ensure greater effectiveness and impact Sector identification Identifying sector specific investment opportunities which can be linked with MDG goals or Govt. initiatives in promoting socio-economic development Award/ recognition system Initiating a award/recognition system for socially relevant community initiatives to showcase commendable activities and encourage more companies to participate NGO Capacity Building Capacity building of NGOs, both technical and functional, to help extend the reach and scalability of various innovative community initiatives

35. Conclusion Excerpt from keynote address made by Nobel Laureate Dr. Amartya Sen at the NASSCOM India Leadership summit 2007 “ It (ITsector) makes enormous contributions: it generates significant incomes for many Indians; it has encouraged attention to technical excellence as a general requirement across the board; it has established exacting standards of economic success in the country; it has encouraged many bright students to go technical rather than merely contemplative; and it has inspired Indian industrialists to face the world economy as a potentially big participant, not a tiny little bit-player. … it can do even more, indeed in some ways, much more. This is partly because the reach of information is so wide and all-inclusive, but also because the prosperity and commanding stature of the IT leaders and activists give them voice, power and ability to help the direction of Indian economic and social development.”

36. Thank You