Independent ttest Dependentpaired ttest Oneway ANOVA Two.pdf

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Independent t-test Dependent/paired t-test One-way ANOVA Two-way ANOVA Repeated Measures ANOVA ANCOVA A researcher was interested in the effects of journal therapy on depression. Sixty individuals diagnosed with severe depression were randomly assigned to three different treatment groups (20 individuals in each group). The first group received journal therapy (writing about their feelings for an hour each day for three weeks) and regular counseling, the second group received only journal therapy, and the third group received only regular counseling. All sixty individuals were given a depression scale before (baseline) and after treatment. Assume the assumptions of the parametric method were satisfied. Do depression scores after the intervention differ among the three groups, controlling for or removing the effect of the baseline depression score?.

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1. A health psychologist in a northern climate wants to evaluate the claim that UV lamps help lower depressive symptoms in middle-aged women. She recruits volunteers who meet the criteria for clinical depression and assigns them to two groups: one group receives a standard treatment for depression and undergoes a half hour of UV lamp therapy each day; the other group receives the same standard treatment for depression but without UV lamp therapy. At the end of two months, she administers a depression inventory where lower scores indicate fewer depressive symptoms (lower levels of depression). Assume all other variables are controlled for in the study. Evaluate the claim that depression treatment plus the UV lamp results in lower depression scores than depression treatment alone. (16 pts) Depression Treatment + UV Depression Treatment Only 34 29 43 31 29 25 12 14 31 17 22 19 27 32 39 29 13 41 26 23 47 31 25 14 24 37 41 42 a) SPSS output b) SPSS graph c) Current APA-style Results section .

Depression On A Societal Scaleakashmansingh

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2016年7月に，国際心理学会議 (The 31st International Congress of Psychology) でお話した際のスライド資料です。"'Modern type' depression: Searching for social and psychological factors"というシンポジウム内の1演題となります。近年日本で問題視されている「新型うつ」が登場した背景を，うつ病啓発の歴史的経緯を踏まえて説明 (もとい，推論) しています。

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FULL TEXT ARTICLEMusic therapy as an adjunct to standard t.docx

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FULL TEXT ARTICLE Music therapy as an adjunct to standard treatment for obsessive compulsive disorder and co-morbid anxiety and depression: A randomized clinical trial Shahrzad Shirani Bidabadi and Amirhooshang Mehryar Journal of Affective Disorders, 2015-09-15, Volume 184, Pages 13-17, Copyright © 2015 Abstract Background Previous studies have highlighted the potential therapeutic benefits of music therapy as an adjunct to standard care, in a variety of psychiatric ailments including mood and anxiety disorders. However, the role of music in the treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) have not been investigated to date. Methods In a single-center, parallel-group, randomized clinical trial (NCT02314195) 30 patients with OCD were randomly assigned to standard treatment (pharmacotherapy and cognitive-behavior therapy) plus 12 sessions of individual music therapy ( n =15) or standard treatment only ( n =15) for one month. Maudsley Obsessive–Compulsive Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Beck Depression Inventory-Short Form were administered baseline and after one month. Results Thirty patients completed the study. Music therapy resulted in a greater decrease in total obsessive score (post-intervention score: music therapy+standard treatment: 12.4±1.9 vs standard treatment only: 15.1±1.7, p <0.001, effect size=56.7%). For subtypes, significant between-group differences were identified for checking ( p =0.004), and slowness ( p =0.019), but not for washing or responsibility. Music therapy was significantly more effective in reducing anxiety (post-intervention score: music therapy+standard treatment: 16.9±7.4 vs standard treatment only: 22.9±4.6, p <0.001, effect size=47.0%), and depressive symptoms (post-intervention score: music therapy+standard treatment: 10.8±3.8 vs standard treatment: 17.1±3.7, p <0.001, effect size=47.0%). Limitations https://www-clinicalkey-com.cmich.idm.oclc.org/#!/search/Shirani%20Bidabadi%20Shahrzad/%7B%22type%22:%22author%22%7D https://www-clinicalkey-com.cmich.idm.oclc.org/#!/search/Mehryar%20Amirhooshang/%7B%22type%22:%22author%22%7D https://www-clinicalkey-com.cmich.idm.oclc.org/#!/home 1 Inclusion of a small sample size, lack of blinding due to the nature of the intervention, short duration of follow-up. Conclusion In patients with OCD, music therapy, as an adjunct to standard care, seems to be effective in reducing obsessions, as well as co-morbid anxiety and depressive symptoms. Highlights • Effects of music therapy on obsessive–compulsive disorder are reported. • Music therapy was added to pharmacotherapy and cognitive behavior therapy. • Addition of music therapy resulted in a more significant improvement of obsessions. • Music also yielded therapeutic benefits for co-morbid anxiety and depression. Introduction Often overlooked and under diagnosed, obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common psychiatric ailment and is estimated to affect 1–3% of the population at some point in thei.

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Treating Insomnia in Depression Insomnia Related Factors Pred.docx

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Treating Insomnia in Depression: Insomnia Related Factors Predict Long-Term Depression Trajectories Bei Bei Monash University and Royal Women’s Hospital, University of Melbourne Lauren D. Asarnow Stanford University Andrew Krystal University of California, San Francisco Jack D. Edinger National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, and Duke University Medical Center Daniel J. Buysse University of Pittsburgh Rachel Manber Stanford University Objective: Insomnia and major depressive disorders (MDD) often co-occur, and such comorbidity has been associated with poorer outcomes for both conditions. However, individual differences in depressive symptom trajectories during and after treatment are poorly understood in comorbid insomnia and depression. This study explored the heterogeneity in long-term depression change trajectories, and examined their correlates, particularly insomnia-related characteristics. Method: Participants were 148 adults (age M � SD � 46.6 � 12.6, 73.0% female) with insomnia and MDD who received antidepressant pharmacotherapy, and were randomized to 7-session Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia or control conditions over 16 weeks with 2-year follow-ups. Depression and insomnia severity were assessed at baseline, biweekly during treatment, and every 4 months thereafter. Sleep effort and beliefs about sleep were also assessed. Results: Growth mixture modeling revealed three trajectories: (a) Partial-Responders (68.9%) had moderate symptom reduction during early treatment (p value � .001) and maintained mild depression during follow-ups. (b) Initial-Responders (17.6%) had marked symptom reduction during treatment (p values � .001) and low depression severity at posttreatment, but increased severity over follow-up (p value � .001). (c) Optimal-Responders (13.5%) achieved most gains during early treatment (p value � .001), continued to improve (p value � .01) and maintained minimal depression during follow-ups. The classes did not differ significantly on baseline measures or treatment received, but differed on insomnia-related measures after treatment began (p values � .05): Optimal- Responders consistently endorsed the lowest insomnia severity, sleep effort, and unhelpful beliefs about sleep. Conclusions: Three depression symptom trajectories were observed among patients with comorbid insomnia and MDD. These trajectories were associated with insomnia-related constructs after commenc- ing treatment. Early changes in insomnia characteristics may predict long-term depression outcomes. What is the public health significance of this article? This study identified three distinct depression trajectories in patients with comorbid major depression and insomnia disorders during treatment and 2-year follow-up. Those with the largest and most sustained improvements in depression consistently scored the lowest on postbaseline insomnia and insomnia-related cognitions. Early changes in insomnia symptoms and insomnia-related character ...

Conversion disorder is a psychiatric condition in which psychologi.docx

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Conversion disorder is a psychiatric condition in which psychological stress manifests as some physical dysfunction. For example, stress associated with divorce proceedings might result in development of headaches, dermatological problems, breathing difficulties, and the like. In extreme cases, conversion disorder can result in abnormal movements, paralysis, or non-epileptic seizures. Poole, Wuerz and Agrawal (2010) recently reported that conversion disorder most frequently occurs in women, with a mean age of onset of approximately 29 years. One interesting feature of conversion disorder is that, in some cases, the effects of one individual can induce stress in other individuals, resulting in symptom manifestation in numerous people within an intimate population such as a school, workplace, or military squad (For review see: Bartholomew & Sirois, 2000). The phenomenon of multiple related cases of conversion disorder, once referred to as epidemic hysteria, is more commonly now referred to as mass psychogenic illness (MPI). A variety of treatments for conversion disorder have been reported ranging from hypnosis (Moene, Spinhoven, Hoogduin & van Dyck, 2002) to drug therapy (Stevens, 1990). Moene and colleagues (2002) note that behavior therapy with operant conditioning may be successful in reducing symptoms in conversion disorder patients. It is reasonable to assume that such behavior therapy could be effectively administered in a group of patients. Furthermore, given the nature of social cue influences on this disorder, as seen with MPI, successful treatment of one or more individuals in a group setting could have residual positive effects on others within the group. It is well established that positive behaviors can be shaped through modeling in a therapeutic setting. Researchers have shown, for example, that phobic behaviors can be reduced when one phobic individual watches another phobic individual (or a confederate acting as a phobic individual) calmly engaging in the fear provoking behavior (e.g. Geer & Turteltaub, 1967). Furthermore, it is possible for a single individual to evoke modeling behavior among a group, particularly when the behavior being exhibited is viewed positively by the members of that group (Peterson, Kaasa & Loftus, 2008). With all of this information considered, the present study was designed to determine if individuals exhibiting effects of MPI would respond positively to behavior therapy in a group setting. It was further hypothesized that using a confederate, acting as a patient within the group, could enhance positive effects of therapy if that confederate reported positive influences of the therapy that could then be modeled by other members of the group. To test this hypothesis, a group of women, all diagnosed with chronic conversion disorder manifesting in abnormal movements and facial tics, were assigned to one of three groups. The first group received behavior therapy in a group setting that.

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