The document discusses how populations are aging globally and becoming more diverse, with more people living with disabilities or health conditions. By 2050, there will be 2 billion people over age 60 worldwide and the ratio of working-age people to those over 65 will drop to 4:1 in many countries. This demographic shift means products and services need to be designed to be usable by as many people as reasonably possible. Inclusive design aims to make mainstream products accessible to more of the population without needing specialized adaptations. The challenges of aging and diversity are normal aspects of being human, so inclusive design is important to support independent living for more people as they get older.

1. Inclusive Design – from niche to normal
Mobile Inclusive Design, UXPA
20th September 2012
Ian Hosking

2. 2 Engineering Design Centre

3. Designed for humans?
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4. A look at being human
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5. Understanding people
62 Million
50 : 50
Gender
11 Million
Population Children
5.2 Million
47+ 1 in 10
Left Handed
Asthma Half Adults
11 Million
Disabled
2 Million 8.5 Million
14 Million Visual Impairment
Arthritis
Grandparents 2.6 Million
Diabetes
8% Men
0.5% Women 9 Million
Colour Blind Hearing Impairment
5
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6. Understanding people
It is normal to be different
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7. The future’s bright, the future’s grey
In 1950 there were 200
Million over 60’s
worldwide
In 2005 673
Million
By 2050 2
Billion
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8. Population change
The changing shape of Japan’s population pyramid
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9. Does it really matter?
• In 1950 the PSR was 12:1
Potential Support Ratio (PSR) is the ratio of the number of
15-64 year olds who could
support one person 65+
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10. Does it really matter?
• In 2000 the PSR was 9:1
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11. Does it really matter?
• In 2050 the PSR will be 4:1
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12. Does it really matter?
• In 2050 for the developed world it will be 2:1
Independent living goes from being an aspiration to an imperative
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13. Inclusive design
“Climb into the latest Ferrari sports car and you are unlikely to notice the modifications designed with
overweight, arthritic pensioners in mind … the Italian carmaker is just one of many companies grappling
with a demographic shift that challenges the fundamental rules of marketing and design … the average
buyer of a Ferrari road car is nearing 50 and set to get older. “ - Financial Times, 20 Jan. 2004
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14. Inclusive design
The design of mainstream products and/or services that are accessible to,
and usable by, as many people as reasonably possible …
… without the need for special adaptation or specialised design (BS
7000:6)
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15. It is normal to have difficulties
Source: It’s Normal to be Different – Applying Inclusive
American adults of working age (16-64) from the Microsoft (2003) survey Design in Industry, Hosking, Waller & Clarkson,
Interacting with Computers 22 (2010) 496–501
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16. The Target for Inclusive Design
Source: It’s Normal to be Different – Applying Inclusive
Design in Industry, Hosking, Waller & Clarkson,
Interacting with Computers 22 (2010) 496–501
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17. Population change
• Variation of capability
GB Population (%)
Age Band
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18. Real users
Vision
Hearing
Thinking
Communication
Locomotion
Reach & stretch
Dexterity
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19. Vision
Ocular Accommodation (Dioptres)
Mean
10 Upper limit
12
14
0
2
4
6
8
Lower limit
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Age (Years)
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20. Font Size
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21. Font size in action
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22. What else can you see?
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23. Hearing
0
-10
Hearing Loss (Decibels)
10-19 years
-20
20-29 years
-30
30-39 years
-40
-50 40-49 years
-60 50-59 years
-70 60-69 years
-80
70-79 years
-90 speech
-100
500 1000 2000 4000 8000
Frequency (Hertz)
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24. Thinking
130
120
110
Verbal IQ
Mean IQ
100
90
80 Performance IQ
70
0
20 30 40 50 60 70
Age (Years)
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25. R
em % GB Adults
ov
e
W fr
om
ak
e
10.0
12.0
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
Po
fr
om cke
st t
Un an
lo db
ck y
sc
re
en
En
Se te
Se le rP
ct IN
le Te
ct xt
Se
ne
w A
pp
le m
ct es
co sa
rr En ge
ec te
te rn
Se nt am
le ry e
ct fr
m om
es lis
sa t
Ty ge
pe fie
ld
Task
Ed m
it es
m sa
is ge
iPhone Texting
pe
lt
R w
et or
ur d
n
Pu to Se
tp m nd
ai
ho n
ne m
en
to u
R st
et an
ur
n db
to y
po
ck
et
M
A
X
Exclusion for Sending a Text (Using the 56pt Font on an iPhone)
Large print
Font

26. It’s not all bad news!
• Satisfaction with life index
6
5.8
Mean Satisfaction
5.6
5.4
5.2
5
4.8
4.6
4.4
15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90
Age (Years)
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27. Things have got complex
“ I have always wished for
my computer to be as easy
to use as my telephone;
my wish has come true
because I can no longer figure
out how to use my
telephone ”
Bjarne Stroustrup
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28. Pushbutton success
Softkey &
Call handling
buttons
28 Emporia Telecom & Cambridge University

29. Pushbutton success
29 Emporia Telecom & Cambridge University

30. But…
Small five-
way keypad
30 Emporia Telecom & Cambridge University

31. But…
31 Emporia Telecom & Cambridge University

32. A Detailed Look at Menu Design
32 Emporia Telecom & Cambridge University

33. Select and confirm menu
33 Emporia Telecom & Cambridge University

34. Select and confirm menu
34 Emporia Telecom & Cambridge University

35. The touch revolution
35 Emporia Telecom & Cambridge University

36. All touches are equal, but some are more equal…
Action Function
Power Button
Press Sleep / out of sleep
Press & hold then slide Power off
Press & hold Power on
Press & hold with home Full reboot
key
Action Function
Press 1x (home screen) Search
Press 1x Return home screen
Press 1x (edit mode) Exit mode
Press 2x Multi-tasking
Press 2x (lock screen) iPod app control
activation
Press 3x Accessibility
Home Button
Press & hold Voice control
36 Emporia Telecom & Cambridge University

37. A Game of Hide and Seek…
Function Initial Action Visible
App launch Press ✔
Open folder Press ✔
Create folder Press & drag app onto app ✗
Browse apps Swipe left & right ✗
Delete App Press & hold ✗
Move App Press & hold ✗
Switch active app Press x2 ✗
Stop active app Press x2 ✗
Search Press x2 or swipe ✗
Return home Press home key ✗
Accessibility Press x3 ✗
Keypad lock Press power key ✗
Orientation lock Press x2 then swipe right ✗
Volume (soft) Press x2 then swipe right x2 ✗
iPod control Press x2 then swipe right ✗
37 Emporia Telecom & Cambridge University

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39. The Art
of
Simple
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40. …forget what you know
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41. If you forget what you know, what is it?
•“Film reel”
•“To record calls”
•“To see things better - icon looks like glasses”
•“To put decimals in numbers”
•“Link between two people”
“Staple”
“Bed”
“Linking something – two
calls”
“Upside down bench”
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42. As the population ages and we become even more reliant on
technology we need to practice…
The Art
of
Simple
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43. Thank you for listening
Ian Hosking