Inbox 2 of 10317 Gold Peak® TeaDiscover A Variety Of Flavors From Gold Peak TeaFind your favorite Gold Peak Tea flavor and enjoy the feeling of home. N DOE SHOW < [email protected] >To pquarshie26 < [email protected] >Monday, May 21, 2018 6:24 PM Click to View Full HTML ---------- Forwarded message --------- From: N DOE SHOW < [email protected] > Date: Mon, May 21, 2018 at 3:07 PM Subject: Re: UNESCO1.docx To: Philomena Quarshie < [email protected] > DIRECTIONS  Write 6 to 7 page paper on “complexities in couples financial information” MY TOPIC IS  Complexities in Couples’ Financial Information  Please use notes below to write paper plus two more additional sources. I have already cited them. Use citations in notes to added to “reference page” Intro- 3 sections- conclusion. -findings and theory  -quotes  This paper gives you the opportunity to examine an area of our everyday communication in a more in-depth manner by finding, reading, and analyzing original, scholarly sources on a topic of interest to you.  My hope is also that you learn how to write a good literature review that will help you in your future writing assignments.   What is a literature review?  A literature review is an examination of the published work by researchers and scholars on a given topic.  A literature review should synthesize the information from the existing literature and organize it in a meaningful way.  It is not a separate summary of each source or article.  Additionally, a literature review should offer a critique of the existing literature, such as by discussing the strengths and weaknesses as well as areas that are in need of further investigation.     Description:  This assignment lets you examine an area that we have read about and/or talked about in class (or will cover in the future) in more detail.  You will find and read at least three original, scholarly research articles.  By scholarly, I mean that the articles should come from published peer-reviewed journals, NOT magazines, newspapers, conference papers, dissertations/theses, or books.  Some good journals to look at are Communication Monographs, Journal of Communication, Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, and Personal Relationships, to name a few. Your last two sources may be from non journal sources.In total yor paper should have at least 5 sources.  If you have any questions about whether your sources are appropriate, please ask me.     In your paper, you should synthesize the studies and articles that you have examined, focusing on the major findings.  You must carefully read the entirety of each article, but you should focus especially on the Discussion section.  Please note my use of the word synthesize.  I do not want a separate summary of each article; rather, I want you to present an overall picture of what you have learned from studying a small body of literature on this particular aspect of our everyday communication.  Your paper should be organized ...

1. Inbox
2 of 10317
Gold Peak® TeaDiscover A Variety Of Flavors From Gold Peak
TeaFind your favorite Gold Peak Tea flavor and enjoy the
feeling of home.
N DOE SHOW <
[email protected]
>To
pquarshie26 <
[email protected]
>Monday, May 21, 2018 6:24 PM
Click to View Full HTML
---------- Forwarded message ---------
From: N DOE SHOW <
[email protected]
>
Date: Mon, May 21, 2018 at 3:07 PM
Subject: Re: UNESCO1.docx
To: Philomena Quarshie <
[email protected]
>
DIRECTIONS
Write 6 to 7 page paper on “complexities in couples financial
information”
MY TOPIC IS

2. Complexities in Couples’ Financial Information
Please use notes below to write paper plus two more additional
sources. I have already cited them. Use citations in notes to
added to “reference page”
Intro- 3 sections- conclusion.
-findings and theory
-quotes
This paper gives you the opportunity to examine an area of our
everyday communication in a more in-depth manner by finding,
reading, and analyzing original, scholarly sources on a topic of
interest to you. My hope is also that you learn how to write a
good literature review that will help you in your future writing
assignments.
What is a literature review? A literature review is an
examination of the published work by researchers and scholars
on a given topic. A literature review should synthesize the
information from the existing literature and organize it in a
meaningful way. It is not a separate summary of each source or
article. Additionally, a literature review should offer a critique
of the existing literature, such as by discussing the strengths
and weaknesses as well as areas that are in need of further
investigation.
Description: This assignment lets you examine an area that we

3. have read about and/or talked about in class (or will cover in
the future) in more detail. You will find and read at least three
original, scholarly research articles. By scholarly, I mean that
the articles should come from published peer-reviewed journals,
NOT magazines, newspapers, conference papers,
dissertations/theses, or books. Some good journals to look at
are Communication Monographs, Journal of Communication,
Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, and Personal
Relationships, to name a few. Your last two sources may be
from non journal sources.In total yor paper should have at least
5 sources. If you have any questions about whether your
sources are appropriate, please ask me.
In your paper, you should synthesize the studies and articles
that you have examined, focusing on the major findings. You
must carefully read the entirety of each article, but you should
focus especially on the Discussion section. Please note my use
of the word synthesize. I do not want a separate summary of
each article; rather, I want you to present an overall picture of
what you have learned from studying a small body of literature
on this particular aspect of our everyday communication. Your
paper should be organized into three thematic subsections, each
with a clear and separate heading. Some questions that may be
useful to think about are: What questions is the research trying
to answer? What connections or similarities do you see between
these studies? What contexts were examined? Are the findings
consistent with each other? How are the studies different?
An important part of every literature review is a critique of the
literature. You should consider what the studies that you

4. reviewed did well and what was limiting about the studies you
reviewed. It is often helpful to carefully review the Method
section when critiquing the literature. You can also think about
gaps in the research overall when constructing your critique.
Your critique of the literature will be a separate, labeled
section and will lead up to at least one Research Question or
Hypothesis. In other words, you should end with a question or
educated guess about your topic that was not answered in the
literature you reviewed, but that you think
Journal Article Notes - #1
Topic : Complexities in Couples’ Financial Information
1. APA citation
Fowler , C., Gasiorek, J. & Afifi, W. (2016). Complex
Considerations in Couples’ Financial
Information Management: Extending the Theory of
Motivated Information
Management. Communication Research 2018, Vol.
45(3) 365–393 The Author(s) 2016
2. This study is concerned with complexities in couples’
financial Information. Many publications have shown that
money related issues can be a huge strain on relationships
whether it is couples, marriage, or fiance. Couples must deal
with the fact that markets may rise or fall and some promising
futures could get compromised. Specifically test using the
TMIM theory in three ways: (a) examining the joint operation of
positive and negative emotions on information management, (b)
testing multiple types of outcome expectancies (OEs), and (c)

5. testing the model’s prediction of multiple information
management strategies (i.e., direct information seeking, indirect
information seeking, avoidance, and cognitive reappraisal).
Next we move into Financial Uncertainty and Information
Management in Couples. Evertsson and Nyman (2014) found
that even persons who managed their money independently
considered implications of their partner’s resources for their
own monetary choices and situation, and were open with their
partners about their financial circumstances. It was stated that
increased economic interdependence brings greater potential for
financial uncertainty.
“Speaking about money in marriage is the last taboo. Couples
would prefer to talk about sex or infidelities rather than how
they handle family finances or how much money they earn” (p.
1). Individuals may also be paralyzed by “emotional inertia”
deriving from a “fear or sense of intimidation when faced with
financial products and decision making” (Wood, Downer, Lees,
& Toberman, 2012, p. 4). They may also be concerned that by
initiating conversations about money, they risk being seen as
“nagging” their partner.
The TMIM posits that individuals proceed through a series of
considerations, which the theory organizes into three phases,
before arriving at a particular information management
decision. In the interpretation phase, researchers operating
within a TMIM framework adopt the position that, through a
fairly complex process, uncertainty discrepancy indirectly
influences information management decisions and behaviors.
TMIM studies have found uncertainty discrepancy to be very
much associated with anxiety (e.g., W. A. Afifi, Dillow, &
Morse, 2004; Rauscher & Hesse, 2014). Uncertainty
discrepancy will be associated with both anxiety and optimism.
Step 3. The Focus (Main points) of the article

6. -Anxiety is inversely associated with knowledge and
relationship OEs, whereas optimism will be positively
associated with knowledge and relationships outcome
expectancies.
- Knowledge and relationship outcome expectancies will each
be positively associated with efficacy assessments.
-
Anxiety will be negatively associated with efficacy, whereas
optimism will be positively associated with efficacy.
4. - Key words and definitions
OE - outcome expectancy - Outcome assessments related to the
knowledge learned or confirmed through information seeking
were assessed by two items, for example, “Talking to my
partner about our financial security would lead to or reinforce
the conclusion that.
decision making
uncertainty
5. The author conducted this study to know more about how
couples feel when it comes to money. These feelings help
determine what the effects of their relationship and longevity of
it.
6.
this study included a formal comparison of the performance of

7. the TMIM for younger versus older adults.
A substantial number (
n
= 79; 20%) had been in a relationship and cohabited for at least
2 years, while small proportions were engaged and cohabiting (
n
= 28; 7%), or in a civil union (
n
= 2; 1%
). Al participants reported that their finances were
interwoven with those of their partner, but about half (
n
= 183; 47%) maintained both separate and joint financial
accounts. Most respondents were Pākehā (New Zealand
European;
n
= 326; 84%) and approximately half (48%) had a bachelor’s
degree or higher level qualification.
7. Anxiety was also a positive and direct predictor of indirect
information seeking. However, the overall indirect effect of
anxiety on indirect information seeking was non-significant.
Optimism did not predict indirect information seeking either
directly or via the mediated paths.
Interestingly, both anxiety and optimism had a direct positive
effect on information avoidance. However, neither anxiety nor
optimism had a significant indirect effect on information

8. avoidance.
Theory of motivated information management - we use the
TMIM to examine the processes by which adults in committed
romantic relationships manage financial uncertainty.
Findings indicate that both (a) anxiety and optimism, and (b)
knowledge outcome expectancies and relationship outcome
expectancies differentially contributed to information
management decisions.
8. I will use this information for when I get into a serious
committed relationship one day. This article gave me a different
viewpoint about couples and how they handle their finances. I
learned that anxiety and uncertainty of finances has an effect of
couples’ happiness as well.
Journal Article Notes - #2
Topic : Complexities in Couples’ Financial Information
1. APA citation -
Romo, L. K., & Abetz, J. S. (2016). Money as Relational
Struggle: Communicatively Negotiating Cultural Discourses in
Romantic Relationships.
Communication Studies
,
67
(1), 94-110. doi:10.1080/10510974.2015.1121158
2.

9. Americans are socialized to desire material goods (e.g., Schor,
1998; Starr, 2007) and publicly display their wealth to others.
This keeping-up-with-the-Joneses mentality (Duesenberry,
1949) reflects the notion that because status is reflected by
spending, people seek to maintain the same social position as
others—even those who are wealthier—by buying similar goods
and services.
Americans are confronted with a variety of opposing cultural
financial discourses that make money management difficult.
Much of the research pertaining to money and finances within
romantic relationships comes from family and consumer
sciences, family studies, psychology, sociology, and economics.
Although opposing cultural discourses exist, as a society,
deemphasizing the importance of money as all-consuming and
omnipotent could alter the ways in which people understand
money and interact with one another and reinforce interpersonal
communication. Culturally emphasizing the discourse that
money is critical to survive but will not buy happiness could
change people’s money mindsets.
3.
Cultural Financial Discourses - A cultural ideology of men as
providers persists (Coughlin & Wade, 2012), even though nearly
40% of wives are their family’s primary breadwinners (Mundy,
2012). In the United States, money can be a source of freedom
as well as oppression, pride as well as worry, and success as
well as failure (Mitchell & Mickel, 1999). Such competing
systems of meaning naturall surface in relational talk and may
lead to conflict (Baxter, 2011), yet financial discourses have not
been examined in the context of romantic relationships.

10. Financial Communication in Relationships - There are limited
research findings on parent-child interaction, identifying the
ways in which parents teach and model behaviors to their
children via consumer and financial socialization (e.g.,
Edwards, Allen, & Hayhoe, 2007), as well as how family
communication patterns can influence children’s discussion of
finances (e.g., Thorson & Kranstuber Horstman, 2014).
biggest predictors of divorce
Practical Strategies
Interpersonal Applications - partners should strive to reject
materialism , value spouses’ unpaid work; especially stay at
home parents
Cultural Applications - People need to take on the mindset that
money isn't everything and does not replace happiness
4.
Financial Communication - is an important Factor in reducing
the Cost of capital, and relevant information about its financial
situation.
Interpersonal Communication;
Romantic Relationships;

11. Cultural Discourses
Relational Dialectics
5.
6.
7.
Relational Dialectics Theory - posits that throughout
relationships, people are constantly drawing on and invoking
systems of meaning, or discourses,1 to make sense of their
values, feelings, and decisions (Baxter, 2011).
8. Quotes :
Financial conflict is “one of the most important problems in
contemporary married life” (Dew, 2009, p. 27)
“money is a product of culture” (Wuthnow, 1996, p. 139),
people’s financial mind sets and interactions are also likely
shaped by society’s opposing cultural financial discourses (e.g.,
“save for a rainy day” but also “keep up with the Joneses”).
Financial conflict is “one of the most important problems in
contemporary married life” (Dew, 2009, p. 27).
Journal Article Notes - #3
APA Citation

12. Rick, S. I., Small, D. A., & Finkel, E. J. (2011). Fatal (Fiscal)
Attraction: Spendthrifts and Tightwads in Marriage.
Journal Of Marketing Research (JMR)
,
48
(2), 228-237. doi:10.1509/jmkr.48.2.228
2.)
Summary
Despite this complementary attraction, tightwad–spendthrift
differences within a marriage predict conflict over finances,
which in turn predicts diminished marital well-being. These
relationships persist when controlling for important financial
outcomes (household-level savings and credit card debt). These
findings underscore the importance of studying the relationships
among money, consumption, and happiness at an interpersonal
level. Social psychologists have frequently found that people
tend to select spouses with similar demographic characteristics,
attitudes, values, and even names (Jones et al. 2004). These
findings suggest that people with similar spending tendencies
will be attracted to one another. Rather, an important moderator
could be whether people dislike a trait in themselves. People are
powerfully motivated to avoid becoming their undesired self
(Ogilvie 1987), and marrying someone who shares a disliked
trait might be perceived as a step in that direction. This
proposed moderation suggests that people who are unhappy with
their typical spending behavior should be attracted to people
who have dissimilar spending tendencies.
This reasoning is important because recent behavioral decision
research has suggested that many people are unhappy with their
typical spending behavior. This work suggests that, because
opportunity costs are difficult to assess (e.g., Frederick et al.

13. 2009; Jones et al. 1998), people rely on negative emotion—
specifically, the “pain of paying”—as a proxy for opportunity
costs when making spending decisions (Knutson et al. 2007;
Prelec and Loewenstein 1998). However, because pain is only a
crude proxy for opportunity costs, some people chronically
spend more or less than they would have had they relied on
consideration of opportunity costs to deter their spending (Rick,
Cryder, and Loewenstein 2008).
3.
Key Points -
4.
Key Words -
spousal decision making
personal finance
consumer behavior
interpersonal relationships
marriage
5.
6.
The primary purpose of Study 1 is to investigate our opposites-
attract hypothesis.
7.

14. 8.
What is Complexities in Couples’ Financial Information ?
(a) examining the joint operation of positive and negative
emotions on information management
Financial Communication in Relationships - There are limited
research findings on parent-child interaction, identifying the
ways in which parents teach and model behaviors to their
children via consumer and financial socialization (e.g.,
Edwards, Allen, & Hayhoe, 2007), as well as how family
communication patterns can influence children’s discussion of
finances (e.g., Thorson & Kranstuber Horstman, 2014).
biggest predictors of divorce
(b) testing multiple types of outcome expectancies
uncertainty
certainty
-Individuals may also be paralyzed by “emotional inertia”
deriving from a “fear or sense of intimidation when faced with
financial products and decision making”

15. people with similar spending tendencies will be attracted to one
another.