In biology, the roles of transition metal ions can be broadly groupe.pdf

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In biology, the roles of transition metal ions can be broadly grouped into two classifications: redox chemistry (catalysis, electron transfer, etc.) and acid-base chemistry (catalysis, structural, etc.). A) List three metal ions that commonly participate in biological redox chemistry, and give examples of how they participate. B) Compare this list to metal ions commonly participating in acid-base chemistry. Discuss the overlap of these two groups of metal ions. (e.g. Why are some used for one of these functions and not for the other?) C) List some common biological ligands of these metal ions. Can you see patterns that would allow you to group these ligands into sets with common properties, or that bind common metals? D) Why are trace metals used for these biological functions, and not other more-abundant elements like C,N,O, etc? Solution (a) iron, copper, cobalt, manganese etc are used in biology redox reactions like molecular di oxygen, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide thus inhibiting the effect or formation of these compound by use of the certain other enzymes.. (c) the ions and the Ligands for them are Ike gluthaione peroxide which can bind to chromium, arsenic etc.. Iron binds to ferrodoxin which is associated with the photosynthesis.. (d) transition metals are used because they have empty d-orbitals in with them due to which they can easily transfer or accept the electrons or exchange the electrons among the metals and enzymes.. Which is not possible in other trace metals like carbon, nitrogen etc...

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a)What is a function group? How does the type of functional group affect the compound\'s physical properties? b)Alcohols and metallic hydroxides both contain -OH groups. Why are their chemical properties so different? c)What intermolecular forces are present in simple hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon derivatives and how these affect the physical properties? Solution a) Functional group is defined as an atom or group of atoms which exhibit a unique characteristic E.g. functional groups is carboxylic acid (RCOO-) in acid -OH in alcohols R-COO-R of ester etc. Ketones: R?CO?R\' b) in alchohols the hydroxyl group is combined with the alkyl group while in metalic hydroxide with metals they are known as hydroxides of metal they have different properies they act as base in contract to the norma alkyl achohol. Alkyl alcohols are organic compounds. like CH3OH. C2H5OH while metallic hydroxide like NaOH c)hydrocarbons are connected with covalent bond likeC-C bond or C-H bonds. Greater the numbers of atoms in the molecules the stronger will be intermolecular attractions. eg CH4, C2H2 On the orther hand Hydrocarbon derivatives consist of different elements attached to the carbon as an alternative of hydrogen.It may beÂ Â oxygen, nitrogen or halogen atoms. CH3Br .

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