4. UNIT 2
• Write a short note on
gram staining and
differentiate between
gram positive and gram
negative
• Explain physical methods
of sterilization
• Write a note on acid fast
staining
5. UNIT 3
•Write about membrane filtration
method
•Write a note on mode of action of
disinfectants mainly(halogens ,
heavy metals and phenols)
•Explain about lytic cycle in viruses
6. UNIT 4
•Write about the
methods of performing
microbiological assays
•Explain the different
areas of aseptic rooms
7. UNIT 5 •Explain types of microbial
spoilages
•Write about the preservative
and measurement of its
efficiency