This document provides a marking scheme for a database design and development exam. It specifies that alternative valid answers should be credited and instructs markers to round marks awarded for partial answers up to whole numbers. It also lists four questions to be answered, with guidance on marking each part.
Can We Demonstrate the Difference that Norwegian Aid makes? - Evaluation of t...Itad Ltd
This document summarizes the key findings and recommendations from an evaluation of Norway's aid administration's results measurement system. The evaluation assessed whether internal policies, staff training, and evaluation practices sufficiently emphasized measuring aid results. It found the following:
1) Existing policies and guidance for results measurement in grant management were insufficient and not adequately implemented.
2) Staff training on results measurement had gaps and was not prioritized.
3) Evaluations commissioned by Norway's Evaluation Department did not sufficiently focus on measuring outcomes and impacts.
The evaluation recommended both technical changes to strengthen results measurement policies and practices, as well as structural changes to address capacity issues. It suggested improving guidance, training, and oversight of both grant reporting and external
David Fleming held a seminar on monitoring and evaluation in conflict-affected environments at the Post-war Reconstruction and Development Unit (PRDU), University of York.
Evaluating complex change across projects and contexts: Methodological lesson...Itad Ltd
This document discusses the methodology used to evaluate DFID's social accountability portfolio, which included 361 diverse projects. The evaluation used Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) on 50 cases and narrative analysis on 13 case studies. Combining QCA with narrative analysis provided both numerical evidence from a large number of cases and in-depth qualitative analysis to interpret the QCA findings. Some challenges encountered were data quality issues, difficulty unpacking complex context factors, and limitations due to the project timeline not allowing for full iteration between methods. Overall, mixing QCA and narrative analysis proved useful for understanding what approaches worked best across different contexts.
Case Study Delivering Major Public Sector Change Managing The Portfolio Reali...BPUG Congress
Interested in presentations like this? Attend the next BPUGcongress event in London. www.bpugcongress.com/
Research shows that many organisations struggle to manage their projects effectively, prioritize investment funds appropriately, and demonstrate a return on investment, in terms of strategic contribution or financial return. What’s the answer? Project Portfolio Management (PPM) is being touted as the next big thing, but the benefits are not automatic.
Stephen Jenner designed, implemented and operated the Criminal Justice System IT approach to Portfolio & Benefits Management in the UK. In this presentation he outlined the key issues to address if we are to maximize our chances of success, illustrated by examples from practical experience and research.
Best-in-Class in Methodologies for Putting a Monetary Value on Social ImpactSustainable Brands
The document discusses methods for quantifying and valuing social impacts. It provides examples of calculating a social return on investment (SROI) ratio to compare the social value created by an initiative or investment to the value of the resources invested. An SROI ratio of $10 for every $1 invested in community schools indicates that investment generates $10 of social value. The document also discusses challenges in quantifying impacts and attribution, but provides rules for reasonable measurement of formerly "unmeasurable" impacts through indicators and considering attribution issues.
Does"grease money"speed up the wheels of commerce?Andy Dabydeen
This paper examines the relationship between bribe payments, management time wasted with bureaucrats, and cost of capital using data from firm-level surveys. The paper finds that firms that pay more bribes also spend more, not less, management time negotiating with bureaucrats and face a higher, not lower, cost of capital. This suggests that when regulatory burden and delay can be endogenously chosen by rent-seeking bureaucrats, the effective red tape and bribes may be positively correlated across firms rather than bribes reducing red tape as the "efficient grease" hypothesis proposes.
This document provides a marking scheme for a database design and development exam. It specifies that alternative valid answers should be credited and instructs markers to round marks awarded for partial answers up to whole numbers. It also lists four questions to be answered, with guidance on marking each part.
Can We Demonstrate the Difference that Norwegian Aid makes? - Evaluation of t...Itad Ltd
This document summarizes the key findings and recommendations from an evaluation of Norway's aid administration's results measurement system. The evaluation assessed whether internal policies, staff training, and evaluation practices sufficiently emphasized measuring aid results. It found the following:
1) Existing policies and guidance for results measurement in grant management were insufficient and not adequately implemented.
2) Staff training on results measurement had gaps and was not prioritized.
3) Evaluations commissioned by Norway's Evaluation Department did not sufficiently focus on measuring outcomes and impacts.
The evaluation recommended both technical changes to strengthen results measurement policies and practices, as well as structural changes to address capacity issues. It suggested improving guidance, training, and oversight of both grant reporting and external
David Fleming held a seminar on monitoring and evaluation in conflict-affected environments at the Post-war Reconstruction and Development Unit (PRDU), University of York.
Evaluating complex change across projects and contexts: Methodological lesson...Itad Ltd
This document discusses the methodology used to evaluate DFID's social accountability portfolio, which included 361 diverse projects. The evaluation used Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) on 50 cases and narrative analysis on 13 case studies. Combining QCA with narrative analysis provided both numerical evidence from a large number of cases and in-depth qualitative analysis to interpret the QCA findings. Some challenges encountered were data quality issues, difficulty unpacking complex context factors, and limitations due to the project timeline not allowing for full iteration between methods. Overall, mixing QCA and narrative analysis proved useful for understanding what approaches worked best across different contexts.
Case Study Delivering Major Public Sector Change Managing The Portfolio Reali...BPUG Congress
Interested in presentations like this? Attend the next BPUGcongress event in London. www.bpugcongress.com/
Research shows that many organisations struggle to manage their projects effectively, prioritize investment funds appropriately, and demonstrate a return on investment, in terms of strategic contribution or financial return. What’s the answer? Project Portfolio Management (PPM) is being touted as the next big thing, but the benefits are not automatic.
Stephen Jenner designed, implemented and operated the Criminal Justice System IT approach to Portfolio & Benefits Management in the UK. In this presentation he outlined the key issues to address if we are to maximize our chances of success, illustrated by examples from practical experience and research.
Best-in-Class in Methodologies for Putting a Monetary Value on Social ImpactSustainable Brands
The document discusses methods for quantifying and valuing social impacts. It provides examples of calculating a social return on investment (SROI) ratio to compare the social value created by an initiative or investment to the value of the resources invested. An SROI ratio of $10 for every $1 invested in community schools indicates that investment generates $10 of social value. The document also discusses challenges in quantifying impacts and attribution, but provides rules for reasonable measurement of formerly "unmeasurable" impacts through indicators and considering attribution issues.
Does"grease money"speed up the wheels of commerce?Andy Dabydeen
This paper examines the relationship between bribe payments, management time wasted with bureaucrats, and cost of capital using data from firm-level surveys. The paper finds that firms that pay more bribes also spend more, not less, management time negotiating with bureaucrats and face a higher, not lower, cost of capital. This suggests that when regulatory burden and delay can be endogenously chosen by rent-seeking bureaucrats, the effective red tape and bribes may be positively correlated across firms rather than bribes reducing red tape as the "efficient grease" hypothesis proposes.
This document discusses using the Financial Valuation Tool (FV Tool) to estimate the expected net present values of sustainability investments for Newmont Ghana Gold's Ahafo mine project. The tool helps answer questions about determining the right portfolio of sustainability investments and their potential financial returns. It also supports alignment across different business functions. The document provides examples of sustainability scenarios analyzed in the tool and discusses indirect value protection from mitigating project risks. Quotes from Newmont Ghana Gold employees note improvements in cross-functional collaboration and the sustainability team's ability to articulate business cases in financial terms since using the FV Tool.
This document discusses services in the modern economy. It begins by providing examples of common services individuals use daily, such as turning on lights or getting a haircut. It then notes that many institutions, like colleges, offer a complex array of services beyond their core function, including libraries, cafeterias, and bookstores. The document outlines some of the key differences between marketing services versus physical goods, such as the intangible nature of services and greater customer involvement in the production process. It also discusses the large and growing role of the service sector in modern economies.
The UK government has implemented austerity measures to reduce public spending and lower the budget deficit, with £20 billion in cuts planned for the NHS by 2015. This will significantly impact public services and how they are delivered. New technology may help make services more efficient but ambitious plans to empower patients and increase broadband access face challenges implementing major cultural changes with tight budgets. Local authorities have been invited to bid for funding to help achieve the goal of high-speed broadband nationwide. Public engagement will be key to balancing service reductions with community priorities.
Competition for grants is increasing and requirements are evolving. What can you do to maximize your organization’s funding? Hint: transparent, accountable and results driven nonprofits will top funders lists for grant awards. This webinar will focus on the essential strategies for managing your grants pipeline, creating strong grant applications, increasing renewals, and building a sustainable grant management program. You will learn the right tools and best practices for successful grant management.
This document provides an overview and introduction to key economic concepts, issues, and tools. It covers the following topics in 3 sentences or less each:
Scarcity and choice problems are addressed through different economic systems like traditional, command, and market-based systems. The market system determines what goods and services are produced based on consumer demand and business supply interacting in markets. Microeconomics examines individual units like consumer behavior and firm production while macroeconomics takes a broader view of aggregates in the economy like GDP, unemployment, and inflation at a national level.
The document discusses types of exchange rates during the Asian financial crisis. It explains that countries use either fixed or floating exchange rates, each with advantages, and some countries intermediate between the two. The appropriate exchange rate regime depends on a country's economic environment and stability.
The dividend discount model (DDM) is commonly used to value stocks. It calculates a stock's intrinsic value based on expected future dividends, discounted back to the present. The DDM has advantages like simplicity and relying on theoretical foundations, but it also has disadvantages like not accounting for intangible assets and being dependent on assumptions about stable dividend growth rates. Whether the DDM or multiples approach is more accurate depends on the specific company and analysts must consider various valuation techniques and compare to industry averages to determine if a stock is undervalued, overvalued, or fairly valued.
1. The document discusses issues related to REDD+ including scope and definitions, rights and legality, interlinkages and leakage, treatment of peatlands, and fairness and efficiency.
2. Key issues discussed are resolving ambiguities in forest definitions, addressing legal vacuums related to land rights, integrating REDD+ within broader land use frameworks, and ensuring fairness across scales from local to global.
3. The author argues these issues can be addressed by nesting REDD+ within a broader land-based mitigation framework in Indonesia's national plans that considers diverse land uses and stakeholders.
First Data Corporation's 2004 annual report provides financial highlights and a letter from the CEO. The report summarizes that:
- Revenues grew from $5.9 billion in 2000 to $10.0 billion in 2004, while earnings per share grew from $1.24 to $2.22 over the same period.
- First Data processed over 36 billion transactions in 2004, or over 100 million transactions per day.
- The CEO expresses confidence in First Data's ability to capitalize on opportunities in the payments industry due to its global distribution network, brands, and integrated solutions.
TVA p301 CORE CONCEPTS for TRUE VALUE ACCOUNTING Peter Burgess
True Value Accounting is based on CORE CONCEPTS from conventional money profit double entry accounting as well as from engineering thermodynamics, control theory and various scientific disciplines. Double entry accounting provides a powerful framework to account for impact on society (people) and environment (planet) as well as for the conventional money profit dimension of economics. When we start to number important things like quality of life and degradation of the environment as rigorously as we number everything that is in the money profit space, there will be significantly better performance and we will start to optimize for everything in the socio-enviro-economic system
This document provides an overview of key concepts in economics and finance including income, expenditure, savings, factors of production, GDP, time value of money, compounding, discounting, CAGR, taxation, and factors that influence investment decision making. It defines important terms and provides examples to illustrate concepts like compound interest calculations. The document discusses both macro-environment factors like demographics, technology, politics, and the economy and micro-environment factors specific to an individual like desires, disposable income, and financial goals that influence investment decisions.
TVA p3-01 CORE CONCEPTS for TRUE VALUE ACCOUNTINGPeter Burgess
True Value Accounting is based on CORE CONCEPTS from conventional money profit double entry accounting as well as from engineering thermodynamics, control theory and various scientific disciplines. Double entry accounting provides a powerful framework to account for impact on society (people) and environment (planet) as well as for the conventional money profit dimension of economics. When we start to number important things like quality of life and degradation of the environment as rigorously as we number everything that is in the money profit space, there will be significantly better performance and we will start to optimize for everything in the soci-enviro-economic system
Stephen Jenner designed, implemented and operated the Criminal Justice System (overseeing a £2 billion investment in modernising justice) IT approach to Portfolio & Benefits Management that has been recognised internationally (in reports to the OECD and European Commission and in a case study published by Gartner) and which won the 2007 Civil Service Financial Management Award. He was infamously described by the UK Government CIO as, "the Rottweiler of benefits management." Steve will outline the research evidence, the possible explanations and solutions which call for a radically different approach to the way organisations approach the realisation of benefits from their investments in change.
1) The document introduces the Seratio Blockchain 3.0 platform, which uses blockchain and a Social Earnings Ratio to integrate tangible financial and intangible non-financial interventions by linking financial benefits to social impacts.
2) It aims to achieve scalability and sustainability through a digital currency that creates a circular impact economy while maintaining links between impacts and interventions.
3) Outcomes can be reported using any framework, including the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The platform allows transacting value based on values.
Are traditional financial reports still a valid part of organisational communication and accountability? Or has the financial report become an impenetrable collection of numbers and words, prepared only for compliance purposes, and only understood by a few technical elite? Is financial reporting keeping up with the increasingly complex demands of business? What effect is digital disruption having?
Noise, Numbers and Cut-Through looks at the effectiveness of financial reporting as a communication tool and responds to these questions by examining the experiences of two leading companies and their assault against disclosure overload.
Learn more: http://www.charteredaccountants.com.au/futureinc
The document discusses the challenges faced by charities in fundraising due to increased competition and decreased donations as a result of the global financial crisis. As a main charity funding research for a disease, the organization has committed $10 million annually but is now unable to raise sufficient funds. It considers hiring an external fundraising firm to help achieve its fundraising target, though there are concerns about the cost of fundraising. The document argues that using a professional fundraising firm can help access new donors, justify fundraising costs as an investment, and allow the charity to focus on its mission while leveraging external expertise, resources and flexibility. It stresses the need for transparency regarding how funds are spent to maintain public trust.
Cross-sector working in a new penal landscapewalescva
This document discusses challenges around effective cross-sector partnership working under the UK government's Transforming Rehabilitation (TR) programme. TR will introduce private companies to deliver most probation services, with voluntary agencies as secondary providers. While this presents opportunities for long-term funding and meaningful partnerships, effective coordination will be difficult across multiple sectors, providers, and geographical areas. Research shows partnerships work best with shared goals, mutual understanding, and flexibility to adapt. Key questions remain around blending agendas around reoffending reduction versus welfare, voluntary sector influence over roles, and reconciling different working approaches between sectors.
Interesting articles talking about money laundering activities and how the AML law shares an inverse relationship with the money laundering activity. This questions the overall cost/benefit activity of the AML regulation.
1) The document proposes four steps to make organizational decisions more robust and reduce the impact of cognitive biases: (1) identify high-risk decisions, (2) consider major uncertainties through sensitivity analysis and simulations, (3) consider alternative viewpoints to avoid confirmation bias, and (4) structure decision-making processes with pre-mortems, stage-gating, and devil's advocates.
2) Prediction markets and stage-gating with go/no-go decisions are proposed to involve employees, monitor projects iteratively, and insert points to reconsider projects.
3) Pre-mortems are suggested to legitimize dissent by hypothetically exploring why projects might fail before they start.
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This document discusses using the Financial Valuation Tool (FV Tool) to estimate the expected net present values of sustainability investments for Newmont Ghana Gold's Ahafo mine project. The tool helps answer questions about determining the right portfolio of sustainability investments and their potential financial returns. It also supports alignment across different business functions. The document provides examples of sustainability scenarios analyzed in the tool and discusses indirect value protection from mitigating project risks. Quotes from Newmont Ghana Gold employees note improvements in cross-functional collaboration and the sustainability team's ability to articulate business cases in financial terms since using the FV Tool.
This document discusses services in the modern economy. It begins by providing examples of common services individuals use daily, such as turning on lights or getting a haircut. It then notes that many institutions, like colleges, offer a complex array of services beyond their core function, including libraries, cafeterias, and bookstores. The document outlines some of the key differences between marketing services versus physical goods, such as the intangible nature of services and greater customer involvement in the production process. It also discusses the large and growing role of the service sector in modern economies.
The UK government has implemented austerity measures to reduce public spending and lower the budget deficit, with £20 billion in cuts planned for the NHS by 2015. This will significantly impact public services and how they are delivered. New technology may help make services more efficient but ambitious plans to empower patients and increase broadband access face challenges implementing major cultural changes with tight budgets. Local authorities have been invited to bid for funding to help achieve the goal of high-speed broadband nationwide. Public engagement will be key to balancing service reductions with community priorities.
Competition for grants is increasing and requirements are evolving. What can you do to maximize your organization’s funding? Hint: transparent, accountable and results driven nonprofits will top funders lists for grant awards. This webinar will focus on the essential strategies for managing your grants pipeline, creating strong grant applications, increasing renewals, and building a sustainable grant management program. You will learn the right tools and best practices for successful grant management.
This document provides an overview and introduction to key economic concepts, issues, and tools. It covers the following topics in 3 sentences or less each:
Scarcity and choice problems are addressed through different economic systems like traditional, command, and market-based systems. The market system determines what goods and services are produced based on consumer demand and business supply interacting in markets. Microeconomics examines individual units like consumer behavior and firm production while macroeconomics takes a broader view of aggregates in the economy like GDP, unemployment, and inflation at a national level.
The document discusses types of exchange rates during the Asian financial crisis. It explains that countries use either fixed or floating exchange rates, each with advantages, and some countries intermediate between the two. The appropriate exchange rate regime depends on a country's economic environment and stability.
The dividend discount model (DDM) is commonly used to value stocks. It calculates a stock's intrinsic value based on expected future dividends, discounted back to the present. The DDM has advantages like simplicity and relying on theoretical foundations, but it also has disadvantages like not accounting for intangible assets and being dependent on assumptions about stable dividend growth rates. Whether the DDM or multiples approach is more accurate depends on the specific company and analysts must consider various valuation techniques and compare to industry averages to determine if a stock is undervalued, overvalued, or fairly valued.
1. The document discusses issues related to REDD+ including scope and definitions, rights and legality, interlinkages and leakage, treatment of peatlands, and fairness and efficiency.
2. Key issues discussed are resolving ambiguities in forest definitions, addressing legal vacuums related to land rights, integrating REDD+ within broader land use frameworks, and ensuring fairness across scales from local to global.
3. The author argues these issues can be addressed by nesting REDD+ within a broader land-based mitigation framework in Indonesia's national plans that considers diverse land uses and stakeholders.
First Data Corporation's 2004 annual report provides financial highlights and a letter from the CEO. The report summarizes that:
- Revenues grew from $5.9 billion in 2000 to $10.0 billion in 2004, while earnings per share grew from $1.24 to $2.22 over the same period.
- First Data processed over 36 billion transactions in 2004, or over 100 million transactions per day.
- The CEO expresses confidence in First Data's ability to capitalize on opportunities in the payments industry due to its global distribution network, brands, and integrated solutions.
TVA p301 CORE CONCEPTS for TRUE VALUE ACCOUNTING Peter Burgess
True Value Accounting is based on CORE CONCEPTS from conventional money profit double entry accounting as well as from engineering thermodynamics, control theory and various scientific disciplines. Double entry accounting provides a powerful framework to account for impact on society (people) and environment (planet) as well as for the conventional money profit dimension of economics. When we start to number important things like quality of life and degradation of the environment as rigorously as we number everything that is in the money profit space, there will be significantly better performance and we will start to optimize for everything in the socio-enviro-economic system
This document provides an overview of key concepts in economics and finance including income, expenditure, savings, factors of production, GDP, time value of money, compounding, discounting, CAGR, taxation, and factors that influence investment decision making. It defines important terms and provides examples to illustrate concepts like compound interest calculations. The document discusses both macro-environment factors like demographics, technology, politics, and the economy and micro-environment factors specific to an individual like desires, disposable income, and financial goals that influence investment decisions.
TVA p3-01 CORE CONCEPTS for TRUE VALUE ACCOUNTINGPeter Burgess
True Value Accounting is based on CORE CONCEPTS from conventional money profit double entry accounting as well as from engineering thermodynamics, control theory and various scientific disciplines. Double entry accounting provides a powerful framework to account for impact on society (people) and environment (planet) as well as for the conventional money profit dimension of economics. When we start to number important things like quality of life and degradation of the environment as rigorously as we number everything that is in the money profit space, there will be significantly better performance and we will start to optimize for everything in the soci-enviro-economic system
Stephen Jenner designed, implemented and operated the Criminal Justice System (overseeing a £2 billion investment in modernising justice) IT approach to Portfolio & Benefits Management that has been recognised internationally (in reports to the OECD and European Commission and in a case study published by Gartner) and which won the 2007 Civil Service Financial Management Award. He was infamously described by the UK Government CIO as, "the Rottweiler of benefits management." Steve will outline the research evidence, the possible explanations and solutions which call for a radically different approach to the way organisations approach the realisation of benefits from their investments in change.
1) The document introduces the Seratio Blockchain 3.0 platform, which uses blockchain and a Social Earnings Ratio to integrate tangible financial and intangible non-financial interventions by linking financial benefits to social impacts.
2) It aims to achieve scalability and sustainability through a digital currency that creates a circular impact economy while maintaining links between impacts and interventions.
3) Outcomes can be reported using any framework, including the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The platform allows transacting value based on values.
Are traditional financial reports still a valid part of organisational communication and accountability? Or has the financial report become an impenetrable collection of numbers and words, prepared only for compliance purposes, and only understood by a few technical elite? Is financial reporting keeping up with the increasingly complex demands of business? What effect is digital disruption having?
Noise, Numbers and Cut-Through looks at the effectiveness of financial reporting as a communication tool and responds to these questions by examining the experiences of two leading companies and their assault against disclosure overload.
Learn more: http://www.charteredaccountants.com.au/futureinc
The document discusses the challenges faced by charities in fundraising due to increased competition and decreased donations as a result of the global financial crisis. As a main charity funding research for a disease, the organization has committed $10 million annually but is now unable to raise sufficient funds. It considers hiring an external fundraising firm to help achieve its fundraising target, though there are concerns about the cost of fundraising. The document argues that using a professional fundraising firm can help access new donors, justify fundraising costs as an investment, and allow the charity to focus on its mission while leveraging external expertise, resources and flexibility. It stresses the need for transparency regarding how funds are spent to maintain public trust.
Cross-sector working in a new penal landscapewalescva
This document discusses challenges around effective cross-sector partnership working under the UK government's Transforming Rehabilitation (TR) programme. TR will introduce private companies to deliver most probation services, with voluntary agencies as secondary providers. While this presents opportunities for long-term funding and meaningful partnerships, effective coordination will be difficult across multiple sectors, providers, and geographical areas. Research shows partnerships work best with shared goals, mutual understanding, and flexibility to adapt. Key questions remain around blending agendas around reoffending reduction versus welfare, voluntary sector influence over roles, and reconciling different working approaches between sectors.
Interesting articles talking about money laundering activities and how the AML law shares an inverse relationship with the money laundering activity. This questions the overall cost/benefit activity of the AML regulation.
1) The document proposes four steps to make organizational decisions more robust and reduce the impact of cognitive biases: (1) identify high-risk decisions, (2) consider major uncertainties through sensitivity analysis and simulations, (3) consider alternative viewpoints to avoid confirmation bias, and (4) structure decision-making processes with pre-mortems, stage-gating, and devil's advocates.
2) Prediction markets and stage-gating with go/no-go decisions are proposed to involve employees, monitor projects iteratively, and insert points to reconsider projects.
3) Pre-mortems are suggested to legitimize dissent by hypothetically exploring why projects might fail before they start.
Similar to Evaluating impact, maximising Value for Money (VfM) and being transparent (20)
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3.
4. Why Results?
Assessment - measure whether achieved what was planned
Accountability - communicate the impact of development
assistance to Parliament, taxpayers, civil society, & recipients
Decision making - make evidence-based decisions by knowing
what works and what doesn’t
Global shift to accountability and decision-making driven by
demand for results and evidence of results
Longer-term shift towards Results-Based Management
5. Everyone’s at it…
“The Government has made a priority of
achieving better results from development
assistance
Ulla Tørnæs, Danish Minister for Development Cooperation
“The question we ask today is not whether our government is
too big or too small, but whether it works …those of us who
manage the public’s dollars will be held to account - to
spend wisely, reform bad habits, and do our business in the
light of day – because only then can we restore the vital trust
between a people and their government.”
6. …and without being hard-hearted, we will also be hard-
headed, and make sure our aid money is directed at
those things which are quantifiable and
measureable…
… so we really know we are getting results.
David Cameron, Lagos, 19th July 2011
7. • …Strengthen our efforts to achieve concrete and
sustainable results. This involves better managing for results,
monitoring, evaluating and communicating progress; as well as
scaling-up our support, strengthening national capacities and
leveraging diverse resources and initiatives in support of
development results.
• We will partner to implement a monitor progress, evaluate
impact, ensure sound, results-focused public sector
management, and highlight strategic issues for policy decisions
8. Results are…
A describable or measurable change in state that is derived
from a cause and effect relationship. Results are the same
as outcomes, and are further qualified as immediate,
intermediate, or ultimate.
•Sustained improvement in development outcomes at the
country level (e.g., families lifted out of poverty…).
•Results: The output, outcome or impact (intended or
unintended, positive and/or negative) of a development
intervention
9. The Key Achievements
section at the start of this
report sets out a number of
aggregate results based on
DFID’s standard indicator
set…
10. Opportunities/Threats
with the Results agenda
Opportunities Threats
Opportunity for evaluators to ‘step Indicator driven development:
up’ to the plate...now is our time doing what is easy to measure…
(in development)!
Focus on theory of change to Results agenda dominated by
ensure program results are possible ‘output’ measurement
Invest in developing innovative Focus only on positive results
ways to measure results (comms messages)
Needs very good results Failure to show results = failure of
measurement systems (M&e) evaluators rather than programmes
(or the fact that doing this is
hard!...)
11. The ‘Value for Money’ debate...
“ our commitment to reaching 0.7% of
national income on aid by 2013, and
enshrining this in law, imposes an even
greater duty on us, more than any other
Department in Whitehall, to get value for
money, to bear down on waste, and to ensure
that aid secures 100 pence of value for every
hard-earned British taxpayer's pound we
spend.
Andrew Mitchell, UK Secretary of State for
International Development. Oct 2010
13. What is Value for Money (VfM)?
Often VfM is
Resources / understood by
Service & Wider
Investment comparing unit costs Outcomes
Money Economic
People Inputs Outputs Social
Environment Real VfM is achieved Environmental
by comparing outcomes
with investment
14. Opportunities/Threats
with VFM agenda
Opportunities Threats
(Re) promote an evaluation agenda VFM agenda does not ‘learn’ from
(with new language!) the experience of the evaluation
sector (ignore counterfactual,
attribution etc)
Help clarify and operationalise Multiple interpretations of VFM
(e.g. technical v allocative VF)
Create innovative and useful tools Simple, high-level definitions, with
to help people use VFM as little guidance on measurement;
management tool; recognises
different ‘values’
X-Whitehall initiative Focus on the easy to measure
(economy & efficiency) - perverse
incentives
16. W is aid transparency important?
hy
ACCOUNTABILITY OWNERSHIP
EFFICIENCY FEEDBACK
RESULTS
PREDICTABILITY
CORRUPTION
EFFECTIVENESS
DIVERSION
Traceability
BUDGET PLANNING
COORDINATION
Demonstrating Results
17.
18.
19. International Aid Transparency
Initiative (IATI)
1. A standard for data on aid flows - NOT a new database
2. A common exchange format
3. Open data as a platform
4. Multi-stakeholder initiative
20. Background: Aid Information Today
Lots of people want data There is a lot of data out there
www.aidtransparency.net BUT... Data is not accessible to users
22. How does IATI work ?
IATI is a standard, not a database or a reporting system:
1) agreement on what will be published;
2) common definitions for publication;
3) a common, open, electronic data format;
4) a Framework for Implementation.
The approach:
• Aid providers publish their aid information (HQ or country office)
•Open Aid Register
• Link to the IATI Registry (an index that points users searching for aid
information to its location)
The underlying principle is publish once, use many times
www.aidtransparency.net
27. Conclusions and… more questions?
Individual agency data of little use; collaborative data better value
Exchange data to improve performance
Increase public support?
Set up a collaborative platform to tell the story of UKAid (in HIV),
visualising ‘results’ (focusing on financials now is probably a
tactical mistake)
28. Opportunities/Threats
with the Transparency agenda
Opportunities Threats
Evaluation findings can (finally) get the transparency can still be "gamed“ (just
exposure ‘we’ would want! as targets can...)
The focus on getting the data out is only Transparency can result in ‘damage’ to
the first part of the job...we still need development agenda (e.g. negative
experts to analyse and interpret the results used to justify political agendas)
data (that’s our job!)
Evaluations should be easier (since core Being ‘transparent’ requires significant
data should be available...) technical and financial resources.
Opportunity cost and who's funding this?
Chance to push transparency around
null/failed or uncompleted evaluations
agenda (e.g. IE registries of IE)
29.
30. New opportunities
New skills needed (in all three areas)
New partnerships (data people for Transparency)
The dangers of over-emphasis on results (&
measurement) driving evaluation out of fashion [being
pushed back]
Need to be better communicators – all three agendas
converge around communicating to wider audiences
"Value for Money in International Development: Deconstructing Some Myths to Promote More Constructive Discussion" "This paper seeks to deconstruct some myths around "value for money" and promote a more constructive discussion about the relevance and limitations of the concept to development co-operation. It takes as its starting point the fact that few people disagree that we want development funds to be used as effectively as possible. So it is surprising that the concept of value for money in development has caused so many waves. This paper argues that once we untangle the confusion around what value for money really means it is clear that, as a concept, value for money is relevant to development co-operation. The challenge then is in applying this concept in a productive and pragmatic way, so that it can be a tool for development co-operation and not a straitjacket."
Yet another way to look at VFM – with quality (adapted from New Economics Foundation slide)…