Immigration & urbanization
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This document discusses immigration trends in the United States from 1941 to 1995 based on data presented in a table. Between 1941-1950, Europe provided the largest number of immigrants to the U.S., ranking first among the continents listed. Between 1981-1995, Asia provided the largest number of immigrants to the U.S., while Africa provided the smallest number. The data shows that immigration trends changed over time, with Asia becoming a larger source region for immigrants after the 1970s, while immigration from Europe declined after peaking in the earlier decades. Immigration from the Americas also increased steadily over the periods shown.
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- 1. WWaarrmm UUppss aanndd SShhoorrtt AAnnsswweerr RReessppoonnsseess UUnniitt 22BB:: IImmmmiiggrraattiioonn aanndd UUrrbbaanniizzaattiioonn
- 2. SSAA:: UU..SS.. IImmmmiiggrraattiioonn SSttaattiissttiiccss Study the table below. Continent 1941-50 1951-60 1961-70 1971-80 1981-95 Europe 621,147 1,325,727 1,123,492 800,368 Asia 37,028 153,249 427,642 1,588,178 Americas 354,804 996,944 1,716,374 1,982,735 Africa 7,367 14,092 28,954 80,779 1,526,385 4,312,974 6,326,918 325,356 TOTAL 1,020,346 2,490,012 3,296,462 4,452,462 12,491,633 âē BBeettwweeeenn 11994411--11995500,, iiddeennttiiffyy wwhhiicchh ccoonnttiinneenntt pprroovviiddeedd tthhee llaarrggeesstt nnuummbbeerr ooff iimmmmiiggrraannttss ttoo tthhee UU..SS.. âē IIddeennttiiffyy wwhheerree tthhiiss ccoonnttiinneenntt rraannkkeedd iinn eeaacchh ooff tthhee ffoolllloowwiinngg ddeeccaaddeess.. âē BBeettwweeeenn 11998811--11999955,, iiddeennttiiffyy wwhhiicchh ccoonnttiinneenntt pprroovviiddeedd tthhee llaarrggeesstt nnuummbbeerr ooff iimmmmiiggrraannttss ttoo tthhee UU..SS..,, aanndd wwhhiicchh ccoonnttiinneenntt pprroovviiddeedd tthhee ssmmaalllleesstt nnuummbbeerr.. âē EExxppllaaiinn wwhhaatt iimmmmiiggrraattiioonn ttrreennddss ((ppaatttteerrnnss)) ccaann bbee iiddeennttiiffiieedd ffrroomm tthhee ddaattaa pprreesseenntteedd iinn tthhee ttaabbllee..
- 3. DDBBQQ:: UU..SS.. IImmmmiiggrraattiioonn PPoolliiccyy This activity is based on the accompanying documents (1-8). The questions are designed to test your ability to work with historical documents and your knowledge of history. As you analyze the documents, take into account the source of each document and the viewpoint that may be presented in the document. You may want to create a table to record your responses to the individual questions (see below). DDoocc.. AAnnsswweerr 11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88
- 4. DDBBQQ:: UU..SS.. IImmmmiiggrraattiioonn PPoolliiccyy ââ DDoocc 11 As a class, they [Chinese laborers] are quiet, peaceable, patient, industrious, and economical. More prudent and economical [than white laborers], they are content with less wages. We find them organized for mutual aid and assistance. Without them, it would be impossible to complete the western portion of this great national enterprise [transcontinental railroad] within the time required by the Act of Congress. - Leland Stanford, President of the Central Pacific Railroad, 1865 âē EExxppllaaiinn wwhhyy LLeellaanndd SSttaannffoorrdd bbeelliieevveedd CChhiinneessee llaabboorreerrss wweerree iimmppoorrttaanntt ttoo tthhee ccoommpplleettiioonn ooff tthhee ttrraannssccoonnttiinneennttaall rraaiillrrooaadd..
- 5. DDBBQQ:: UU..SS.. IImmmmiiggrraattiioonn PPoolliiccyy ââ DDoocc 22 âē EExxppllaaiinn wwhhaatt tthhee ccaarrttoooonn ddeemmoonnssttrraatteess aabboouutt UUnniitteedd SSttaatteess iimmmmiiggrraattiioonn ppoolliiccyy iinn 11888800.. Source: The Granger Collection (adapted)
- 6. DDBBQQ:: UU..SS.. IImmmmiiggrraattiioonn PPoolliiccyy ââ DDoocc 33 . . . one of those agents from the big bosses in America came to Bugiarno to get men for some iron mines in Missouri. The company paid for the tickets, but the men had to work for about a year to pay them back, and they had to work another year before they could send for their wives and families. So this time, when that agent came, Santino and some of his friends joined the gang and went off to America. âē AAccccoorrddiinngg ttoo tthhiiss ppaassssaaggee, iiddeennttiiffyy wwhhyy tthhee aaggeennttss eennccoouurraaggeedd IIttaalliiaannss ttoo eemmiiggrraattee ttoo AAmmeerriiccaa.. âē DDeessccrriibbee hhooww tthhee aaggeennttss eennccoouurraaggeedd IIttaalliiaannss ttoo ggoo ttoo AAmmeerriiccaa.. -Rosa Cristoforo, an Italian immigrant, 1884
- 7. DDBBQQ:: UU..SS.. IImmmmiiggrraattiioonn PPoolliiccyy ââ DDoocc 4 May 6,1882. CHAP. 126.âAn act to execute certain treaty stipulations relating to Chinese. WHEREAS, IN THE OPINION OF THE Government of the United States the coming of Chinese laborers to this country endangers the good order of certain localities within the territory thereof: Therefore, Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That from and after the expiration of ninety days next after the passage of this act, and until the expiration of ten years next after the passage of this act, the coming of Chinese laborers to the United States be, and the same is hereby, suspended; and during such suspension it shall not be lawful for any Chinese laborer to come, or, having so come after the expiration of said ninety days, to remain within the United States. âē AAccccoorrddiinngg ttoo tthhiiss ppaassssaaggee, ddeessccrriibbee hhooww tthhee CChhiinneessee EExxcclluussiioonn AAcctt aaffffeecctteedd tthhee iimmmmiiggrraaÂÂttiioonn ooff CChhiinneessee ppeeooppllee ttoo tthhee UUnniitteedd SSttaatteess.. âē AAccccoorrddiinngg ttoo tthhiiss ppaassssaaggee, ddeessccrriibbee tthhee rreeaassoonn tthhee UUnniitteedd SSttaatteess ggoovveerrnnmmeenntt ggaavvee ffoorr ppaassssiinngg tthhiiss llaaww.. -The Chinese Exclusion Act
- 8. DDBBQQ:: UU..SS.. IImmmmiiggrraattiioonn PPoolliiccyy ââ DDoocc 55 Immigration Before & After Quota Laws From Northern and Western Europe From Southern & Eastern Europe and Asia Average annual number of immigrants before quotas (1907-1914) 176,983 685,531 Emergency Quota Act of 1921 198,082 158,367 Emergency Quota Act Amended 1924 140,999 21,847 National Origins Act of 1929 132,323 20,251 âē AAccccoorrddiinngg ttoo tthhiiss cchhaarrtt, ddeessccrriibbee tthhee eeffffeecctt qquuoottaa llaawwss hhaadd oonn iimmmmiiggrraattiioonn ttoo tthhee UUnniitteedd SSttaatteess..
- 9. DDBBQQ:: UU..SS.. IImmmmiiggrraattiioonn PPoolliiccyy ââ DDoocc 66 We were tried during a time that has now passed into history. I mean by that, a time when there was . . . resentment and hate against the people of our principles, against the foreigner, against slackers, and it seems to me â rather, I am positive, that both you and Mr. Katzmann [have] done all . . . [that was] in your power in order to work out, in order to agitate, still more the passion of the juror, the prejudice of the juror, against us. . . . But my conviction is that I have suffered for things that I am guilty of. I am suffering because I am a radical and indeed I am a radical; I have suffered because I was an Italian and indeed I am an Italian; I have suffered more for my family and for my love beloved wife more than for myself. -Bartolomeo Vanzetti, to Judge Thayer upon being sentenced to death,SaccoâVanzetti case, April 9, 1927 âē SSttaattee ttwwoo rreeaassoonnss tthhee ssppeeaakkeerr iinn tthhiiss ppaassssaaggee bbeelliieevveedd hhee wwaass bbrroouugghhtt ttoo ttrriiaall..
- 10. DDBBQQ:: UU..SS.. IImmmmiiggrraattiioonn PPoolliiccyy ââ DDoocc 77 This bill says simply that from this day forth those wishing to immigrate to America shall be admitted on the basis of their skills and their close relationship to those already here. This is a simple test, and it is a fair test. Those who can contribute most to this countryī to its growth, to its strength, to its spiritâwill be the first that are admitted to this land. The fairness of this standard is so selfâevident that we may well wonder that it has not always been applied. Yet the fact is that for over four decades the immigration policy of the United States has been twisted and has been distorted by the harsh injustice of the national origins quota system. Under that system the ability of new immigrants to come to America deÂpended upon the country of their birth. . . . Families were kept apart because a husband or a wife or a child had been born in the wrong place. Men of needed skill and talent were denied entrance because they came from southern or eastern Europe or from one of the developing continents. . . . -President Lyndon B. Johnson, remarks at the signing of the Immigration Act of 1965 âē AAccccoorrddiinngg ttoo tthhiiss ppaassssaaggee,, eexxppllaaiinn wwhhaatt tthhee bbaassiiss wwaass ffoorr aaddmmiittttiinngg iimmmmiiggrraannttss ttoo tthhee UUnniitteedd SSttaatteess iinn tthhee ffoorrttyy yyeeaarrss bbeeffoorree 11996655..
- 11. DDBBQQ:: UU..SS.. IImmmmiiggrraattiioonn PPoolliiccyy ââ DDoocc 88 âē EExxppllaaiinn tthhee ggoovveerrnnmmeennttaall ppoolliiccyy ttoowwaarrdd iimmmmiiggrraattiioonn iilllluussttrraatteedd bbyy eeaacchh ooff tthhee ddrraawwiinnggss.. âē DDiissccuussss aa rreeaassoonn ffoorr tthhee cchhaannggee iinn ppoolliiccyy sshhoowwnn bbyy tthhee ddrraawwiinnggss..
- 12. DBQ/Closure: UU..SS.. IImmmmiiggrraattiioonn PPoolliiccyy United States immigration policy has changed over time to reflect the needs and attitudes of American society. âēDDiissccuussss iimmmmiiggrraattiioonn ppoolliicciieess oorr aaccttiioonnss ttaakkeenn bbyy tthhee UU..SS.. ggoovveerrnnmmeenntt tthhaatt aaffffeecctteedd tthhee iimmmmiiggrraattiioonn ooff ppeeooppllee ttoo tthhee UU..SS.. âēSShhooww hhooww tthheessee ppoolliicciieess oorr aaccttiioonnss rreefflleecctteedd tthhee nneeeeddss aanndd aattttiittuuddeess ooff AAmmeerriiccaann ssoocciieettyy aatt tthhaatt ttiimmee.. âēBBee cceerrttaaiinn ttoo uussee iinnffoorrmmaattiioonn ffrroomm tthhee ddooccuummeennttss aanndd yyoouurr kknnoowwlleeddggee ooff UUnniitteedd SSttaatteess hhiissttoorryy iinn yyoouurr rreessppoonnssee..
- 13. SA: âThe Battle wwiitthh tthhee SSlluummââ Read the statement below. ââGGoovveerrnnmmeenntt bbyy tthhee ppeeooppllee mmuusstt eevveerr rreesstt uuppoonn tthhee ppeeoopplleeââss aabbiilliittyy ttoo ggoovveerrnn tthheemmsseellvveess,, uuppoonn tthheeiirr iinntteelllliiggeennccee aanndd ppuubblliicc ssppiirriitt.. TThhee sslluumm ssttaannddss ffoorr iiggnnoorraannccee,, wwaanntt,, uunnffiittnneessss,, ffoorr mmoobb--rruullee.. .. .. .. PPuutt iitt tthhiiss wwaayy:: yyoouu ccaannnnoott lleett mmeenn lliivvee lliikkee ppiiggss wwhheenn yyoouu nneeeedd tthheeiirr vvootteess aass ffrreeeemmeenn..ââ âē IIddeennttiiffyy wwhhoo yyoouu tthhiinnkk ((ggrroouupp oorr ppeerrssoonn)) iiss rreessppoonnssiibbllee ffoorr tthhee aabboovvee ssttaatteemmeenntt.. âē EExxppllaaiinn tthhee mmeeaanniinngg ooff tthhee ssttaatteemmeenntt iinn rreellaattiioonn ttoo uurrbbaanniizzaattiioonn dduurriinngg tthhee GGiillddeedd AAggee.. âē BBee cceerrttaaiinn ttoo iinncclluuddee rreelleevvaanntt hhiissttoorriiccaall ddeettaaiillss aanndd eexxaammpplleess iinn yyoouurr rreessppoonnssee..
- 14. SSAA:: NNeeww 2200tthh CCeennttuurryy EEnntteerrttaaiinnmmeenntt Many factors at the turn of the 20th century â[fueled] a whole new commercial recreation industry designed to supply inexpensive entertainment for all Americans.â âē IIddeennttiiffyy tthhee nneeww ffoorrmmss ooff eenntteerrttaaiinnmmeenntt aanndd rreeccrreeaattiioonn AAmmeerriiccaannss wweerree eennjjooyyiinngg aatt tthhee ttuurrnn ooff tthhee 2200tthh cceennttuurryy.. âē DDeessccrriibbee tthhee rroollee ooff ccoommppuullssoorryy eedduuccaattiioonn iinn ccrreeaattiinngg aa llaarrggeerr mmaarrkkeett ffoorr nneewwssppaappeerrss aanndd mmaaggaazziinneess.. âē EExxppllaaiinn hhooww tthhee ggrroowwtthh ooff cciittiieess lleedd ttoo tthhee nneeww kkiinnddss ooff ppeerrffoorrmmaanncceess aanndd rreeccrreeaattiioonn yyoouu iiddeennttiiffiieedd aabboovvee.. âē BBee cceerrttaaiinn ttoo iinncclluuddee rreelleevvaanntt hhiissttoorriiccaall ddeettaaiillss aanndd eexxaammpplleess ttoo ssuuppppoorrtt yyoouurr rreessppoonnssee..