After the Brown vs Board of Education decision mandated integrated schools, public schools in America had equal ratios of white and black students by enforcement of laws, though conflict arose from white parents uncomfortable with integration. While schools were physically integrated, children still socially separated along racial lines, demonstrating that true integration had not been achieved and de facto segregation remained an issue.

1. Racism: Education in
America
By Li ly C el la

2. Integrated Education
In the 1970’s, integrated schools did not mean
anything more than whites and blacks learning
in the same vicinity.
After the Brown Vs. Board of education trial in
1954, federal enforcement was used to officially
and legally integrate all public schools in
America.

3. Integrated Education
When schools were integrated, conflict arose and
white American parents did not want their
children near black children in a learning
environment.
By the early 1980’s, public schools had an equal
white to black ratio, simply because of law
enforcement.

4. Integrated Education
Once schools were physically integrated, the
children socially were separated and grouped by
race.
De Facto Segregation: Racial segregation
especially in public schools, that happens “by
fact” rather than by legal requirement. For
example, often the concentration of African-
Americans in certain neighborhoods produces
neighborhood schools that are predominantly
black, or segregated in fact ( de facto), although
not by law ( de jure).

5. Integrated Education