Imam Shamil
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Imam Shamil was born in 1797 in what is now Dagestan, Russia. He joined a Sufi order and became a respected leader among Muslims in the Caucasus region. Following Russian invasion, Shamil led resistance against harsh Tsarist rule for over 20 years until surrendering in 1859. After his capture, Shamil was exiled to cities in the Russian Empire and eventually allowed to take a pilgrimage to Mecca, where he died in 1871.
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Gunib plateau in Dagestan is a picturesque mountain area considered a health resort with over 300 sunny days per year. The aul of Gunib is located there at 1554 meters, and it was the site of the final battle between Imam Shamil and Russian troops, culminating in his capture. The battle saw 400 of Shamil's murids, including devoted mountaineers and escaped Russian soldiers defending the aul against the Russian forces. Though situated on a cliff, the Russians began their assault and took the aul by storm after a short battle, capturing Shamil. The conquest of Gunib by the Russians marked the end of the Caucasian War in Chechnya and Dagestan.
Rasul Gamzatov
Rasul Gamzatov was born in 1923 in the village of Tsada in Dagestan. He came from a long line of bards and poets and was immersed in oral traditions from a young age. Gamzatov went on to become one of the Soviet Union's most prolific poets, writing in both his native Avar language and Russian. He received numerous honors over his career, including the Lenin Prize and the title of People's Poet of Dagestan. Gamzatov passed away in 2003 in Moscow at the age of 80.
Richa
Richa is an old village located in a difficult to access area in Dagestan, Russia. It was one of the first villages to adopt Islam and its oldest mosque, built in the 11th century, is one of the most interesting in Dagestan with finely carved pillars. Underground beneath the village is a labyrinth of secret corridors and passages used during wars. Richa was also the filming location for the cult film "Prisoner of the Mountains."
Dagestan Is A Wonderful Place For Tourism
Dagestan is a popular tourist destination in Russia for its natural beauty, historical sites, and cultural attractions. It has a variety of landscapes from lowland to highland areas suitable for tourism year-round. Tourists can visit historic mosques and fortresses, learn about the diverse ethnic groups and their traditions, and enjoy outdoor activities like hiking, fishing, and mountain climbing. Dagestan offers sandy beaches on the Caspian Sea, architectural monuments, and unique natural wonders such as canyons and waterfalls.
Gunib
Gunib is a village located on a difficultly accessible plateau surrounded by deep chasms in central Dagestan, Russia. It has an upper and lower section, with the lower section situated on a ledge overlooking the Karakoysu River. Upper Gunib contains a tourist center and botanical garden known for its endemic plants and unique microclimate. The village was the site where Imam Shamil, the leader of Caucasian insurgents, was captured, ending the nearly 50-year Caucasian War against Russian forces who had a garrison stationed there in the 19th century. Visitors can see monuments commemorating these events and a fortress built by Russians with stunning views of Dagestan's mountains.
Untsukul
Untsukul village is famous for its 200-year-old woodworking art, which originated from the decorative styles of the 17th-18th centuries. Famous craftsmen from Untsukul like Goosein and Martal created unique ornaments that became traditions. Before the revolution, craftsman Magomed Yusupov was renowned for his woodwork not just in Russia but abroad, traveling seasonally to sell his pieces. Today, Untsukul craftspeople produce a wide variety of wooden items decorated with metal inlay techniques, and also create thematic murals for home decoration that have growing domestic and international demand.
Effendi Kapiyev
Effendi Kapiyev was a Lak poet and writer from Dagestan who lived from 1909 to 1944. He worked as a teacher and began his literary career collecting and translating folklore from the peoples of Dagestan. He translated many works of mountain lyrics and epics into Russian. He befriended and assisted famous Lezghin poet Suleiman Stalsky for many years, translating and publishing his works. During World War II, Kapiyev worked as a propagandist, agitator, and correspondent at the front before dying in a hospital in 1944. His books were published in Russia and other Soviet republics, and a theater in Dagestan was later named after him.
Musa Manarov,
Musa Manarov was the first cosmonaut from Dagestan. He was born in 1951 in Baku, Azerbaijan and graduated from the Moscow Aviation Institute in 1974. Manarov was selected as a cosmonaut in 1978 and flew two missions to the Mir space station between 1987-1988 and 1990-1991, spending over a year in space on his first mission and performing spacewalks, making him the first person to spend a year in space.
Gotsatl
The village of Gotsatl has a long tradition of silver craftsmanship dating back over 150 years. Within the village, more than 150 craftsmen specialize in manufacturing silver drinking horns, jugs, plates, and jewelry using traditional Avar styles of filigree and niello engraving. Their distinct ornamental designs occupy specific sections of each piece in graphic patterns. Gotsatl craftsmen have revived these historic Avar silverworking techniques and combine them to create beautifully decorated artisanal goods that are popular across the region.
Lezginka
The document discusses the State Dancing Company of Dagestan called "Lezginka", which was founded in 1958. It performs traditional dances from the various peoples of Dagestan, showcasing their unique cultures, customs, and national instruments. The ensemble has toured extensively internationally, acquainting audiences with the proud and courageous character of the Dagestani people through their artistic mastery of folk dances.
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Kumukh
Kumukh is an ancient village in Dagestan, Russia that has historically been an important center for the Lak people. It contains an 8th century mosque and was formerly the residence of the Kumukh khans, who ruled over the Laks. Kumukh became Islamic in the 8th century after an Arab conquest, though some pagan and Christian traditions survived into the 15th century. In the 14th century, the rulers of Kumukh adopted the title of "shamkhal" and ruled over much of central Dagestan until the Laks broke away in 1640. Kumukh was later formally incorporated into the Russian Empire in the 19th century.
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Safavid Iran
HIST 113
Islamic Civilization
Source: Historical Atlas of the Middle East
Source: University of Texas Map Collection
Shah Ismaʿil
(r.1501-1524)
Safavid Polities
Qizilbash: “red heads;” Turkic tribal military supporters
described as ghulat “extremists”
Tajiks: urban, Persian speaking literate classes
Support Persian high culture, pre-Islamic kingship tradition
Maydan-i Shah, Isfahan
Scene from the Houghton Shahnama
Source: Welch, Persian Painting
Source: Grabar, Mostly Miniatures
Scene from the Houghton Shahnama
Source: Hattstein and Delius, Islam: Art and Architecture
Shah ‘Abbas Fighting the Uzbeks, fresco, 16th century
Source: Hattstein and Delius, Islam: Art and Architecture
The Rise of the Ottoman Empire
HIST 113
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Source: Hodgson, The Venture of Islam
Source: Rashid al-Din, Jami’ al-Tavarikh (Universal History) (14th century)
The Ilkhan Ghazan converts to Islam
Timur (Tamerlane)
1336-1405
Timur’s Mausoleum, Samarqand
5
Source: Lewis, Islam and the Arab World
Source: Tarihvemedeniyet.org
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Ottoman Sultans (1299-1566)
Osman I (1299-1324) Murad II (1421-44; 1446-51)
Orhan (1324-62) Mehmed II (1444-46; 1451-81)
Murad I (1362-89) Bayezid II (1481-1512)
Bayazid I (1389-1402) Selim I (1512-1520)
Mehmed I (1413-21) Sulaiman I (1520-66)
Ulou Mosque, Bursa
Source: Hattstein and Delius, Islam: Art and Architecture
Interior of Ulou Mosque, Bursa
Source: Hattstein and Delius, Islam: Art and Architecture
Source: Hodgson, The Venture of Islam
Janissaries
Jeni cheri : “new troops”
Christian captives recruited and educated through devshirme system
Source: Hattstein and Delius, Islam: Art and Architecture
Stanislaw Chlebowski, “Imprisonment of Bayezid” (1878)
Mehmed the Conqueror
(r. 1444-46,1451-81)
Source: Hattstein and Delius, Islam: Art and Architecture
Hagia Sophia
Source: Hattstein and Delius, Islam: Art and Architecture
Expansion of the Ottoman Empire
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CHAPTER 4
THE EMERGENCE OF THE OTTOMANS
In the second half of the seventh/thirteenth century, as the Seljuk state
fell apart, a number of principalities (beyliks) of a new kind came into
being in the western marches of Anatolia. They were in territory con-
quered as a result of holy wars (sing., gha%a) waged against Byzantium,
and hence are known as gha\i states. The Ottoman principality was one
of these. It was destined within a century to unite Anatolia and the
Balkans under its sovereignty, and to develop into an Islamic empire.
Let us now examine as a whole the formation of these gbifcy principalities.
The emergence of the Ottoman state can be understood only in the
context of the general history of the marches.
THE EMERGENCE OF TURCOMAN BORDER PRINCIPALITIES
IN WESTERN ANATOLIA
When the state of the Anatolian Seljuks develop ...
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Russian History Gulf Coast Community College Fall Part 2, Class 4
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- 1. CAUCASION LEGEND IMAM SHAMIL Mikhail Nokhov Gymnasium # 1 Khasavyurt
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