this slide gives you a brief knowledge about the illegal mining going around in India

1. i
ILLEGAL MINING AND ITS
IMPACTS
A CASE STUDY
NACHIKET DHANANJAY VYAWAHARE
B170835CE
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
SUBMITTED TO- DR.R.ARUNKUMAR

2. INTRODUCTION
Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological
materials from the earth, usually from an ore or placer deposit.
As it is the process of extraction of valuable deposits, it is one of
the major economic source for a nation to run efficiently and if
done in excess causes a threat to environment. Thus mining of
any resource comes under the laws of the nation as it highly
affects the government and environment if not done according
to the laws and as per the requirements of environment.
Illegal mining is one of the most rampant problems plaguing
India, causing a huge loss to the government. One of the main
criteria used to define illegal mining is the absence of land
rights, mining license, exploration or mineral transportation
permit or of any document that could legitimate the on going
operations.
RULES AND REGULATIONS-MINING IN INDIA
In India, as mining acts come under the jurisdiction of
government, there is a ministry allotted for mining to regularly
keep an eye on its effective, economic, legal working.
The ministry of mines is headed by Narendra Singh Tomar in
this term.
The mines and minerals act 1957 is the principal legislation that
governs the mineral and mining sector in India.
In case of minerals they are broadly divided into two, major and
minor minerals, and are controlled by state governments. While
in case of offshore areas, the ownership of minerals vests
exclusively with central government and the authority assigned

3. for it is The Indian Bureau of Mines. All mining leases shall be
granted for the period of fifty years and on the expiry of the
lease it should be placed up for auction.
The primary mission of the Indian Bureau of Mines is to
promote systematic and scientific development of mineral
resources of the country, through regulatory inspections of the
mines, approval of mining plans and environmental plans to
ensure minimal adverse impact on environment.
Though the mining is under such strict laws, the gigantic insect
of corruption devastates the whole law system and keeps the
country vulnerable to the harsh effects of mining hurting our
mother India in every aspect possible.
ILLIGEAL MINING of DIFFERENT MINERALS
AND AREAS
Though, illegal mining is present in every mineral to some
extent, some major illegal mining in this once called ‘SONE KI
CHIDIYA’ are illegal iron and manganesemining in Goa and
Karnataka, illegal mining in Aravali Range, bauxite iron ore and
coal mining in Orissa, iron ore mining in Madhya Pradesh, illegal
sand mining in parts of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh,
illegal mining and stone crushing in the Ganges river bed.
IRON AND MANGANESE ORE MINING IN GOA AND
KARNATAKA
There is enormous and large scale multi-state illegal mining of
iron ore and manganese ore costing the government a loss of

4. approximately 36000 crores. The loss it causes to the
government and the damage it causes to environment, makes it
an issue that requires immediate redressal. The main cause and
incentive for this illegal mining of iron ore and manganeseore is
the huge profit in the export market.
ILLEGAL MINING IN ARAVALI RANGES
The mountain range is a rare green lung 692 km long in
Haryana, acts as the barrier to the Thar desert eating into
habited and facilitates groundwater recharge.31 hills of hill
ranges in Rajasthanhad vanished due to illegal quarrying. A
study says that the state earns a huge amount of 50 billion
annually as royalty from the mining companies. It is said that
the pollution caused by the illegal mining is one of the main
reasons of the drastic increase in pollution levels of our capital
DELHI.
ILLEGAL SAND MINING IN STATES OF UTTAR PRADESH
AND MADHYA PRADESH
Illegal sand mining is a perennial problem in India. To make
most form their business mine owners and hoarders try to dig
out as much sand as possible, through legal and illegal means in
the pre- monsoon months. There are lot of scams related to
illegal sand mining which has Punjab’s power and irrigation
minister, Rana Gurjit Singh and the former chief minister of UP
Akhilesh Yadav as the alleged.
ILLEGAL COAL MINING IN MEGHALAYA
Illegal mining in Jaintia Hills of Meghalaya’s coal country has
continued unabated despite a ban by the National Green

5. Tribunal in 2014. The state claims that the ban is disregarded by
the local community, it is also difficult to enforce the ban, as the
coal mining is the primary source of livelihood in a region with
few other employment opportunities. There has also been a
large migration from these small to cities of Shillong and Tura.
Recently this December, an incident happened in these mines
where 15 workers were trapped in an illegal mine and got help
lot later.
According to a report of march 2018, there are chances to
clarify illegal mining that is, changes in Mines and Minerals
Development and Regulation Act (MMDRA) which can have a
huge impact on huge companies Tata Steel, Coal India Ltd and
SAIL that are facing hefty penalties because of a SC order on
violation of environment and pollution control laws.
IMPACTS OF ILLEGAL MINING
ON ENVIRONMENT
In India, the most significant problems concerning mining and
environment are
 Erosion
 Sinkhole creation
 Contamination of surface and ground water.
 Poisonous chemical leaking
 Loss of biodiversity
ON ECONOMY
 Loss of revenue earnings(royalty) for the government

6.  Corruption leading to law and order problems.
 Unaccounted assets and or black money.
ON MINERS
 Accidents and loss of life of miners engaged in illegal
mining.
 Health related hazards to the workers of the mines
because of the pollution caused in the mining area.
SUMMARY
In developing country of India, which is considered as rich land
for every resource from lime to diamond, the illegal mining is
increasing at a drastic rate because of two main reasons-
poverty and corruption.
If these practises are not kept under control by the ministry of
mining, the once called “sone ki chidiya” will be a dying bird in
every aspect be it environment, economy or the health of the
country.
It is the crucial time for the government of India and its people
to take a step forward in implementing stricter laws with heavy
punishments on illegal miners and increasing the job
opportunities so that the people should not get any reason for
working in those “on land hells”. There is need to understand
that- THE TRUE COSTS LIE IN ETHICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL
SUSTAINABILITY, NOT TEMPORARY MONEY FIXES.

7. REFERENCES
www.oecd.org
www.niti.gov.in
www.imperfectnation.weebly.com
www.scroll.in
www.economictimes.com
www.wikipedia.org