Ielts writing linh20111789

LINH20111789
It isnesssarythat Linhgive Thoaa large amountof moneybecause she ishavinga strong desire to
purchase a newhouse nearWestLake.
WRITING SKILL IN IELTS
Author : Linh20111789
Practice : Paraphase in use
1 Show = illustrate = demonstrate = indicate = give
information about = describes = reveals
2 The expenses = the spending = the expenditures = the
allocation ( hay thi)
3 Popular = common = prevalent ( Heo, 2018)= favorite =
enjoyed = universal = ubiquitous
4 People = individuals = citizens = members = humans =
persons = the public = the general public = tax-payers =
Participants = dwellers ( công dân)
5 rate = level
6 find = seek = look for = hunt = pursue = woo
7 can = be able to = be capable of
8 downtown areas = urban areas = metropolis = large city
= municipal areas
9 eat = take in = intake
consume (consumption) = use = burn
10 over crowed = high polulation = excessive population
11 fast food = junk food = pre-packaged food = instant food
= convenient food = processed food
12 developed nations = prosperous nations
13 It is clear that = it is true that
14 Richer = wealthier = more affluent = prosperous
15 poverty = live under the poverty life = live in poverty =
be poor = a lack of wealth
16 university = tertiary education = higher education
17 The number of + N count, plural = the large quantity of
+ N count, plural
18 The amount of + N uncount = the quantity of + N
uncount
Paper, time, garbage, food,
drugs
19 The proportion = the percentage = the rate of
20 Enhance = improve = boost = raising = upgrade = hone =
sharpen(mài dũa) = foster ( thúc đẩy)
Heo has honed her skills in
English Teaching.

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21 Good = advantageous = helpful = beneficial = favorable
= high-quality = superior (C1) = proficient =positive
X has a + positive/beneficial
+ impact/effect on Y
22 Bad = harmful =detrimental (C2) = miserable (B2) =
gloomy = adverse(C2- hay thi) = despondent = negative
= severe (B2)/səˈvɪr/
khó khăn(Thoa dùng)
overcome adverse situations
adverse effect
feel despondent about
finding a job
detrimental effect
obvious negative effects
23 build sport centers = open sport centers = construct=
erect = establish
24 The best way = the effective way = the optimal way
25 Like = namely = such as
26 We need to = it is necessary for + S + to V = it is vital
that + S + V
27 Knowledge of people = citizen’s awareness
28 Happy = delighted = in high spirits = pleased =
contented = satisfied
29 opinion = comments
30 abundent = ample = usually extra = plentiful
31 primary = radical = very important = fundamental (C2) =
to play an integral(C1) part in = crucial (extremely
important) (b2) = significant =vital = essential = basic =
key = substantial = critical = necessary = imperative =
chief =required = indispensable
Heo is an indispensable part
of my life
32 accurate = precise = exact
33 top = peak = summit
34 competitor = rival = opponent
35 change = convert
36 careful = cautious = prudent
37 have impact (N) on = have influence on = bring impact
on= have affect on
38 Have = get (A1) = obtain … to = gain = acquire
experience/skill = receive = có được
39 From my point of view = from my perspective
40 Nowadays = in this day and age
41 the youth = the young = youngster = younger people =
young members = young workers = adolescents (C2) =
young citizens = young generation (Thoa dùng)
42 aged members = older individuals = senior citizens = old
people = the old = the elderly (C1) ( N) = elder people

LINH20111789
43 enough = sufficient = adequate
44 necessary, forced = compulsory , obligate
45 to build = to cement
46 move up = climb
47 to pursue = to further (v): theo đuổi …
48 Big = gigantic = enormous /əˈnɔːr.məs/ (B1) = significant
=sizable = considerable = substantial = immense = major
= principal = giant = huge /hjuːdʒ/ = vast = tremendous
We have cut downenormous
areas of rainforest
49 beautiful = gorgeous = delightful (B2)
50 genious = gifted people = talented people
= prodigy /ˈprɑː.də.dʒi/
51 price = cost = expenses
52 achieve greatness = great achievement = great success
53 die out = disappear = become extinct (C1)
54 The US= America
55 ingredient = components
56 small/tiny = minor (minority) /ˈmaɪ.nɚ/ (B2) =
insignificant = insubstantial = minimal = negligible (c2)
(Heo, 6/12/2018)
57 gender (B2) = sex (n)
58 job = work = career = occupation = employment
59 choice = option
60 outside = external
61 give = offer = supply = contribute = provide = present
62 create = produce = generate = create = make
63 change = alter = modified
64 problem = issue = practice (lạ) =trouble = tendency (C1)
65 damage = hurt = injure = harm = impair = undermine
66 solve = deal with = cope with = handle = resolve =
tackle(B2)
Several step could be taken
in order to tackle this issue
67 Help(A1) = support = aid = benefit (v) (B2)
68 some = a few = a little
69 benefits = advantages = assets = merits Ưu điểm
70 end= last = final
71 move = transfer
72 aim = target = goals =ambition =objective (N)(B2) =
purpose (B1) = intent/intention
73 assign = attributed
74 behavior = attitudes
75 very = really = real = identical
76 clear = ovious = explicit

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77 believe = suggest (B1) = consider = conceived = think =
suppose = claim
78 vary = diversity
79 income =revenue (C1)
80 go = attend = encounter = undergo = experience
81 do not have = lack
the dearth of = the shortage of = the lack of
82 fast = quick
83 save = conserve = preserve
84 provide = supply
85 trivial = minor
86 voyage (phải đi qua biển) = journey = trip =travel =
excursion
87 approximately = roughly
88 rapidly = significantly = sharply = considerably =
remarkably = dramatically = markedly
89 gather = collect
90 ask = enquire = inquire (b2)
91 value = worth
92 unfortunate = unlucky
93 smart = clever
94 sick = ill
95 do = participate in = perform = conduct = undertake =
engage in = take part in = join = enter in
96 occur = happen
97 serious = urgent = alarming = pressing = severe = grave
98 delicious = yummy
99 fool = idiot
100 many = numerous (C1) = various = large numbers =
more and more = an increasing number/amount of = a
lot of = a wide range of = a variety of
101 eligible for = qualified for (B1) : đủ tư cách
102 aspiration /ˌæs.pəˈreɪ.ʃən/ (C2) = ambition (B1)
103 Defective product = faulty product
104 Scholaship = bursary = grant

LINH20111789
105 Standard = expectations = requirements (require(v)) =
needs (need(v))= criteria
106 Cancel = postpone = delay
107 Have to = mandatory = obligatory = compulsory
108 Reasonable = affordable
109 Hire = recruit = employ = take on
110 Result in = lead to = cause >< result from
= to be caused by (bị gây ra bởi)
= to be a result of (là kết quả của)
= one of the primary cause of Y is X
= be conductive to = give rise to st ( dẫn đến cái gì đó)
Enviromental polution is
caused by the burning of
fossil fuels
111 Fire = dismiss = sack = lay off
112 Viewer = audience
113 In honor of sb = in recognition of sb = be widely
recognized for
114 Famous people = celerities = public figures
115 Along with = accompanied by = together with =
combined with
116 Type = varity = sort = kind
117 National = domestic
118 International = overseas = forgein
119 Holiday = vacation
120 For instance = such as = for example
121 Ancestors = ancient people
122 Effect on = impact on (v)
123 Sacrificed(C1) Even sacrified : thậm chí hi
sinh
124 to make attempt to Nỗ lực làm gì

LINH20111789
I make attempt to study E
125 Convention Truyền thống
126 Stage = step
127 Drawbacks = disadvantages = negative
128 Unemployment = joblessness
129 A decent job = stable job = rewarding job = appropriate
job
Công việc ổn định
130 Redundant = unnecessary
131 Reduce = limit = restrict Giảm, giới hạn
132 Society = community
133 Tourist attraction = tourist hotspot = tourist place
134 Gallery = exhibition
135 Current = contemporary Hiện nay
136 Broaden =enrich = accumulate
137 Plus point = good point
138 Connect = link = brigde Kết nối
139 Reasons for = causes of
140 Affect = impact = influence = affict
141 Man-made = artificial
142 Lethal = toxic = poisonous = deadly
143 Substantial affect = profound affect ( ảnh hưởng lớn tốt)
Adverse affect = detrimental affect ( ảnh hưởng lớn xấu)
144 Put play value on = put play important on = put play
emphasis on

LINH20111789
Cần học lại:
- Mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn để tránh 2 động từ trong 1 câu.
Chú ý hay sai:
- Dùng on the one hand, không được là in the one hand
- Literature chứ không là literatures
- Younger people chứ không có younger không ( vì younger là tính từ)
- Historical heritages chứ không phải historial heritages
- Children chứ không có childrens
- The electricity (sai) => The amount of electricity
- The money (sai) => The amount of money
-
- Figure in => figure for
Số nhiều của danh từ
Child Children
Fish fish
Species Species
Series Series

LINH20111789
Man men
Câu điều kiện loại I:
- Diễn tả 1 khả năng có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại
- MĐ phụ chia ở HTĐ, MĐ chính chia ở tương lai đơn.
- If + S1 + V htd , S2 +will/shall +V
Câu điều kiện loại II:
- Diễn tả hành động trong tương lại, không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại
- VD 1 câu luôn áp dụng trong speaking nói tương lai:
- If I had a chance, I would love to ….
Câu bị động:
Ví dụ :
1.Smoking is said to bring detrimental impact on health.
2.
Some people think that Linh plays soccer very well.

LINH20111789
 Linh is thought to play soccer very well.
Câu mệnh đề quan hệ:
Ví dụ :
The girl who is sitting next door is my girlfriend.
Smoking which was banned in many countries is detrimental for health.
Câu nói giảm nói tránh:
- Seem to V
- Appear to V
- May not be + adj
- Tend to = have tendency to + V : có xu hướng là …
Thêm trạng từ vào cụm từ để được band cao:
- prevalently held : thường được nắm giữ
- calmly find
- tremendously affect
- relatively young
Cụm từ:
- on the Internet
- spend + từ chỉ time + on + st
- enthusiastic about + st
Part 1 Writing:

LINH20111789
Ngôn ngữ %:
77% Just over three quarters
Approximately three quarters
49% Just under a haft
Nearly a haft
32% Almost a third
75% - 85% A very large majority
Take up the lion’s share
Account for a sizable figures of + số
2 %, 3% A negligble figure/amount for
65% - 75% A signficant proportion
10% - 15% A minority
5% A very small number
50 % Half of the total
60% Two-thirds
25% One-quarter
30% One-third
10% One-tenth
Account for = make up = take up = constitute + số : chiếm bao nhiêu
- fluctuate = oscillate
- increase = went up (go up)= rocket = rise = climb = upsurge = soar = surge
- grow(v) (growth(n)
- decrease =went down (go down) = drop = decline /dɪˈklaɪn/ = fall = reduce = plummet =
plunge = sink = dive
- remain stable = stabilize /ˈsteɪ.bəl.aɪz/ = remain unchanged = remain constant = level off =
reach a plateau = hit a plateau /plætˈoʊ/

LINH20111789
- fall into the catogory of : rơi vào hạng mục nào
Số lượng:
The Number of + N (countable, plural)
Quantity of
Pizza,
Amount of + N (uncountable)
Quantity of
Rice, goods, fish , beef
money
Proportion/ percentage/ rate of + N Spending on food
Highest = reach a peak of = peak at
= hit the highest value of = hit a record-high of = hit the highest value on records of .
Lowest = bottom out at = hit the lowest point of = hit a record-low of = fall to a low of = hit the
lowest value on record of
Overall:
Looking at the graph/… , It can be seen that
, It is obvious/ evident ( hiển nhiên) that

LINH20111789
6 cách miêu tả sự thay đổi
S + adv+ V from … to + time Spending on books in G increased gradually from 80$ to 90$ in 2005
S + adv+ V by to reach + số + time Spending on books in G increased gradually by $10 to reach $90 in
2005
There was a/an+ adj+ N chỉ sự thay
đổi+ số to reach + số + in N đề +
time
There was a gradual growth of 15$ to reach 95$ in spending on books
in G in 2005
A/an + adj + N tăng giảm + số + to
reach + số was seen in + N đề + time
A gradual growth of 15$ to reach 95$ was witnessed in spending on
books in G in 2005
S + V chứng kiến + a/an + adj + N
tăng/giảm of + số to reach + số +
time
CPI seen a gradual growth of 140 to reach 200 in 2009
Time + V chứng kiến + a/an + adj +N
tăng giảm+ số
The year of 2009 saw a gradual growth of 140 to reach 200 in CPI.
Overall, after 1989 seen a significant decrease in fresh fruit price.

LINH20111789
Writing Task 2
Discuss both view and give opinion Advantage and disadvantage problem and solution
I.Intr
oduc
tion
Whilesome people believe that + view 1, it
thought by some that + view 2. Personally,I
think that + view mình supportholds more
merits.
+ hold more merits = have a roleto play : có
vai trò quan trọng
+ the former/latter idea is more reasonable.
1) Topic
Many people believe that …………..
It is common nowadays that……….
It is a common believe that…………
2) Thesis => answer the question
Despite the obvious disadvantageof
this trend….
+ Cụm hay: have been affected by
Many people believe that, the
situation of ……. Is a pressing issue.
Several problems have resulted from
this phenomenon.
II.
Body
1
View mình không support
- one the one hand,it must be recognized
that + view mình không support
- Firstly
- Secondly
- For example
there are 2 major drawbacks to the
the trend/tendency that + topic
backgroud
- Firstly
- Secondly
- For example
Problems
There are 2 consiquences thatarise
from the tendency that .
Firstly,…….
Secondly,…..
III.
Body
2
View mình support
- one the other hand,it is my believe that
+ view mình support,for several reason:
- Firstly
- Secondly
- For example
- Undeniablepositiveaspects Solutions
Seem the about mentioned issues are
serious itis suggested that actions
need to be taken.
Firstl of all,
Second of all,
IV.
In
conc
lusio
n
In conclusion/ to conclude, both view have
some validity ( sự hợp lí).However, I would
agree that + view mình support.
In conclusion/ to conclude, ….
The merits/ benefits
Drawbacks
There are 2 obvious negative effects of
the phenomenon that + đề. However,
several steps could be taken in order
to tacklethis issue.

LINH20111789
Từ vựng 10 chủ đề hay thi nhất:
1. WORK, BUSINESS, UNEMPLOYMENT
Skills (communication skills, negotiation
skills)
Job-seekers => seek jobs
Likely to get promotion Tackle = deal with a problem
Tackle unemployment requires money.
Training cost, training time Making money
Job satifaction Social responsibilities = public responsibilities
Customer service serious environmental degradation
working hours public image
put the working off until next Monday
Tạm dừng công việc
daily working life charitable donations
stressful work Improve living standard/conditions
stress working hours
Setting down a metropolis ở nơi thành thị
2. EDUCATION
Competitive job market Teach something to children
Prefered Folk tales
Top-tier institution (trường top)
= prestigious university
=> Many studentswantto attenda
prestigiousuniversity
Sense of patriotism ( lòng yêu nước)

LINH20111789
Likely to land a job easely In-depth knowledge
Advance further People with qualification are more likely to find
work
Establish relationship
= broaden the relationship
Theycan contribute positivelytosociety
Useful in the further They can earn a higher salary
Specialized professions ( doctor, lawyer,
engineer)
The bestuniversitiesemployteacherswhoare
expertsintheirfields
university = tertiary education Foreigninstitutionsmayofferbettercourses
professional development Qualificationsgainedabroadcanopenthe door
to betterjobopportunities
Seek better opportunities = open the
door to better job opportunities
Livingabroadcan broadenstudents’horizons
Well-educated workers Overseas studentsare exposedtodifferent
culturesandcustoms.
school’s budget They are responsible for cooking, cleaning and
paying bills
The language barrier can be a problem Livingalone inanunfamiliarculture cancause
homesickness
Studyingina foreignlanguage is
challenging
Theyuse word processorsandspellingmaysuffer
Adultscan take distance learningcourses People shouldbe able towrite aletterbyhand
Studentsalsolearnskillswhichare useful
for theirfuture jobs
Young learnersdonotbecome proficientinsome
basicskills
Technologycanmake lessonsmuchmore
interesting
Learnersneedastructuredcourse
Theyshouldstill use traditional sourcesof
informationsuchasbooks
Institutionsshouldsupplementtraditional
teachingwiththe use of technology

LINH20111789
Studentsmuststill learntowrite byhand Literacyratesare oftenlow
Technologyispartof everydaylife People in developing countries need knowledge and
skills
Developedcountriescouldhelpdeveloping
nationsbyprovidingmoney
Education is the key to improving the economy of
these countries
Theycouldinvestinschoolsandtechnology The Internet can expose students to a world of
knowledge and information
Theycouldsupplythe fundstobuild
schools andpay for teachers
Governments should make education compulsory
for all children
Childrenneedtohave accesstofree
schooling
Governments of developed and developing
countries must work together
highereducation: Advantages(also see “benefitsofeducation”)
There are manybenefitstogoingtouniversity
A degree canopenthe door to betteremploymentprospects
Economiesare becomingincreasinglyknowledge-based
Most jobsrequire specificknowledgeandskills
Skilled workers are needed for sectors such as information technology and engineering
Repetitive manual jobsare nowdone bymachine
Many factorieshave movedtodevelopingcountries
Higher education:Disadvantages
A healthyeconomyneedsawide range of workers
Some manual workerswill alwaysbe needed
Advantage of Home-schooling
Some parentsdecide toeducate theirchildrenathome
Some familiesliveinisolatedareaswithpoortransport

LINH20111789
Otherparentsare notsatisfiedwithlocal schools
Parentscan respondtowhat theirchildrenneedandhow theylearnbest
One-to-onelessonsallowmuchfasterprogress
The childcan work at hisor her ownpace
Disciplineproblemsare avoidedbyhome-schooling
Disadvantages of home-schooling
School subjectsare normallytaughtbyup to ten differentteachers
Most parentsdo not have the necessaryknowledgeorresources
Private tutorsare expensive
Childrenwillmissoutonthe social experience thatschool offers
At school,childrenlearnhowtogetonwitheach other
Home-schooledchildren maylacksocial skills
Schoolsofferabetteroverall educational experience
Bad behaviorin schools:causes
Bad behaviorisdue toa lackof structure and discipline
There are toomany childreninsome classes
Large classesare difficulttomanage
May disruptive studentscome fromanunstablefamilybackground.
Otherparentsare toolenientandspoil theirchildren
Some childrenare usedtogettingwhatevertheywantSchoolscan
do verylittle if theyare notsupportedbyparents
Bad behaviorin schools:solutions
Schoolsneedaclear code of conduct
Schoolsneedaclear setof rulesaboutbehavior
Theyneedtocreate a positive workingatmosphere
Teachersmusthave the powerto punishdisruptivestudents

LINH20111789
Schoolsshouldremove difficultchildrenfromlessons
Schoolsneedtoworkcloselywithparents
Disciplinecouldbe lackingathome
Parentsmustsupportthe school rules
Theyshouldtake responsibilityfortheirchildren’sbehavior
Corporal Punishment:Opinion
Corporal Punishmentisnotagood idea
Physical punishmentisawayof controllingchildrenusingfear
Thisdoesnot promote trustbetweenadultsandchildren
Childrenwhoare punishedphysicallymaybecome shyorresentful
Corporal punishmentcreatesanatmosphereof fearandanger
Single SexEducation: Advantages
Some people believethatmale andfemale studentsshouldgotoseparate schools
This is often for religious or cultural reasons
Disciplineproblemsmightbe avoidedbyseparatingboysandgirls
Boysand girlsmay learnindifferentwaysandhave differentneeds
Studentat single-sexschoolsoftengetbetterexamgrades.
Single-sexEducation:Disadvantages
Separatingboysandgirlsisunnecessary
It isunhealthyintermsof children’ssocial development
Many coeducational schoolsare extremelysuccessful
A mixed-sexenvironmentismore representativeof real life
Coeducational schoolsprovidechildrenwithbettersocial skillsforadultlife
Advantages of Streaming(groupingchildrenaccording to ability)

LINH20111789
Some schoolsseparate studentsaccordingtotheiracademicability
Teacherscan workat the rightspeedfortheirstudents
Teacherscan planmore suitable lessons
High-level groupsmayprogressfaster
Lowerlevel groupscanbenefitsfromaslowerpace
Some teachersandparents supportstreamingforthese reasons
Disadvantages of Streaming
Groupingby abilitymayhave anegative impact/onstudents
Childrendonotwantto be seenaslessintelligentthanothers
Streamingcoulddamage students’self esteem
Theymay lose motivation
Studentsfromwealthierfamiliestendtobe betterprepared
Childrenfrompoorerfamiliesmayreceive lesssupportfromparents
Mixedabilityclassesencourage everyonetoachieve theirpotential.
3. MEDIA, ADVERTISING
Advertising is a key part of modern
business
Advertising manipulates(điều khiển) people
Company need to tell customers about
their product
Advertisers focus on selling a brand image
Advertisements inform us about the
choises we have
They use glamorous, successful people
Advertising is a creative industry that
employs many people.
Childrens can easily be influenced by
advertisements
Without advertising we would have less
choice(n)
Advertising should be regulated
Without advertising there would be
higher unemployment
Advertising is a form of modern art

LINH20111789
People enjoy adverts
comedian /kəˈmiː.di.ən/: diễn viên hài
Appeal to audiences hấp dẫn khán giả
appeal to a large group of people A wealth of information = a lot of information
informative contents The negatives of the media
wide range of advertisements The invasion of privacy (vi phạm đời tư)
promotional campaigns Celeb(n) = celebrity= a famous person
company's brand Less trustworthy
Ex: The news is less trustworthy
advertisements gain popularity in daily
life
advertising brings a great source of
discomfort
Foreign films >< domestially produced
films
4. HEALTH and SPORT
Medical care Lead a sedentary lifestyle
Lead an inactive
(lối sống lười vận động)
Have access to well-qualified services
Có thể tiếp cận với các dịch vụ tốt
Dependent on : phụ thuộc vào
Health care services Health problems
Cutting-edge medical equipment Do physical activities

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Elite doctors Bác sĩ giỏi Enhance flexibitity
A strict regimen /ˈredʒ.ə.mən ( chế độ
nghiêm khắc)
Benefit physical and mental
Time-consuming Well-being ( dẻo dai)
Energy consuming Pursuit ( n) = activities ( hoạt động)
Health benefit of walking Lung canner (ung thư phổi)
5. THE ENVIRONMENT
Environmentally(adv) friendly (adj) =
not harming the environment
factory emissions
Environmental problems waste treatment systems
Industrial waste chemical wastes
Many people choose a vegetarian diet
for moral or health reasons
Zoos paly an important role in wildlife
conservation
A vegetarian diet may reduce the risk of
disease like cancer
Zoos can help to protect endangered species
Zoo animals are kept in artificial
environments
Zoos are educational, interesting and fun
Zoos exhibits animals with the aim of
making money
Zoos provide job opportunities.
We have no right to use animals for
entertainment and profit.

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Global warming
Gasessuch as carbon dioxide trapheatfromthe sun
Thiscausesglobal temperaturestorise
Thisprocessis knownasthe greenhouseeffect
Human activityisa majorfactor inthe rise of the greenhouse gases
Factoriesandvehiclesproduce emissionsandexhaustfumes
Many developingcountriesare becomingindustrialized
The numberof cars on our streetsisgrowing
Cheapair travel isallowingmore people tofly
Effectsof Global Warming
Global warmingwill have asignificantimpactonourplanet
Risingtemperature will cause meltingof the polarice caps
Sealevelswillrise
We can expectmore extreme weather conditions
Floodinganddroughtsmaybecome more common
Impacts of humans on the environment
The increasingworldpopulationisputtingpressureonnatural resources
Fossil fuelslike oil andgasare runningout
We are destroyingwildlife habitats
Thishas ledto the extinctionof manyspeciesof animalsandplants
Solutionsto environmentproblems
Governmentscouldintroduce lawstolimitemissionsfromfactories
They should invest in renewable energy from solar, wind or water power
Theycouldimpose “greentaxes”ondriversandairlinescompanies
Governmentcampaignsshouldpromoterecycling
Natural areasand wildanimalsshouldbe protected

LINH20111789
Individualsshouldalsotrytobe greener
We shouldtake fewerflightsabroadforholidays
We shouldtake publictransportratherthandriving
We shouldchoose productswithlesspackaging
We shouldrecycle asmuchas possible
Waste/rubbish
The amount of wasterwe produce has increased
Thisproblemisa resultof our consumerculture
Productsare notmade to last
If somethingbreaks,we throwitwayand buya new one
Advertisersencourage istobuythe newestfashions
Packagingisan importantpart of selling
Most foodsare soldinnon-biodegradable plasticspackaging
The amount of householdwaste isgrowing
Thiswaste endsup inlandfill sites
Litter
People donotthinkaboutthe consequencesof droppingrubbish
Theyassume that somebodyispadtocleanthe streest
Plasticpackagingdoesnotbreakdowneasily
Most of the litterseenonstreetsisfastfoodpackaging
Recyclingand othersolutions
Companiesshouldmake goodsthatlastlonger
Theyshouldnotuse so much packaging
Governmentsshouldbe stricter,aboutwasterproducedbycompanies
Theyshouldputlegal limitsonpackaging

LINH20111789
Consumersshouldavoidbuying over-packaged
productsWe shouldrecycle andreuse usefulmaterials.
There are collectionbanksforglass,paperandplastic
bottles
Householdscanuse several rubbishbinstoseparate waste
Recyclingsavesenergyandrawmaterials.
NuclearPower: Positives
There are several benefitstobuildmore nuclearpowerstations
Fossil fuel likeoil andgasare runningout
Nuclearpowerisa sustainable energysource
It can be usedtoproduce electricitywithoutwastingnatural resources
It couldbe replace the use of natural resourceslike coal,oil orgas
Nuclearpowerstationsare cleanerthanfossil fuelpowerstations
They could help to reduce carbon emissions that cause global warming
The risksof accidentsare beingreduced
NuclearPower: negatives
Opponents of nuclearpowerworryaboutthe safetyof powerstations
The buildingof newnuclearpowerstationsisunpopular
Nobodywantstolive nearone
Nuclearwaste disposal isasignificantproblem
There iscurrentlynoway to decontaminate radioactive material
People worrythatterroristscouldsteal radioactivematerials
It issaferto produce energyfromsolar,windor waterpower.
6. CRIME

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Commit a crime = offend Criminal record
Criminal = offender Be involved in illegal activities
( dính lứu đến hoạt động phạm tội)
Convict Turn to crimes/drugs
Ex-convict Re-integrate into society/ community
(tái hòa nhập cộng đồng)
Serve punishment (chịu án) Rehabilitate ( cải tạo) => Rehabilitation
Community service ( lao động công ích) Influenced by their social circle/connection
Parole ( ân xá) Recidivision ( tái phạm tội)
Theft Involved in illegal activities
Robbery These teenagers may become involved with
gangs( nhóm trộm cướp)
Pickpocke Some criminals pose (gây ra) a threat to
society
Scarn Many prisoners re-offend when they are
released
Drugs trafficking ( buôn lậu) A criminal record makes finding a job more
difficult
Another aim of prisons is rehabilitation Rehabilitated prisoners are less likely to re-
offend
Prisoners receive education of
vocational training (dậy nghề)
Rehabilitation aims to make them better
citizens
Punishment could make prisoners’
behavior worse
Capital punishment ( tử hình)
Fear of the death penalty stops people
from committing offences
The cost of imprisonment is avoided

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It is a form of revenge The offender cannot pose a threat to others
Against Capital Punishment Supporters say that capital punishment
deters crime
Capital punishment is not a good
deterrent
Executing prisoners creates a violent culture
and encourages revenge
We have no right to take another
human life
Community service Against community service
They avoid the negative influence that
prison can have
Criminals should be locked up, away from
their victims
They are required to clean streets or
talk to school groups
Community service is not a sufficient
punishment
It makes offenders useful in their local
communities
The mass media focus on violent and
sensational(C2) (cực sốc) crimes
Community service is a way to reform
offenders
Crime is one of the main subjects of most
news programs.
It could be a solution to prison
overcrowding
Sensational(C2) (cực sốc) stories attract
more viewers or readers
Offenders repay their community The mediareportcrime storiesinorderto
increase theiraudience
7. TECHNOLOGY
Broaden =enrich= accumulate their
knowledge
waste of money
Educational software programs reducing poverty
Interative software programs preventing environmental destruction
Glued on the sreen
Nhìn lâu vào màn hình
enable food preservation
Linguistic ability valuable knowledge

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Công nghệ làm trẻ ngại giao tiếp
In consecutive hours
Nghịch công nghệ trong nhiều giờ
a serious issue = a serious tendency
Communication problem
Công nghệ làm trẻ ngại giao tiếp
promote further technological advances
Eyesigh strain, back strain
Đau mắt, đau lưng
Physical activities => necessary for their
development (Công nghệ làmlười vận
động)
Change rampantly
Thay đổi nhanh chóng
Space exploration= universe exploration
Sự khám phá không gian
Trace on moon
Các dấu vết trên mặt trăng
Tangible/ not tangible
Hữu hình/ vô hình
On the internet = on the cyber space
8. TRANSPORTATION AND TOURISM
Government welfare Foreign visitors = tourists from overseas
The safety of passengers Local visitors = local residents
Traffic means = traffic vehicles Banning cars encourages people to walk or
cycle
Safety way of transport Dependence on cars is linked to health
problems like obesity

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Air travel People who walk or cycle regularly are
generally healthier
Reduces exhaust fume
Flexible time/ fix schedule
Personal vehicles = individual vehicles
9. PEOPLE AND CULTURE
Gender equality Minority languages = minority group
Menial work ( công việc giản đơn)
= not skilled work
Try to preserve ( cố gắng bảo tồn)
Family size
Familiesinmanycountriesare notaslarge as theyusedtobe
We tendto live insmall nuclearfamiliesratherthanlarge extendedfamilies
Parents tend to have fewer children
Young childrenare nolongerexpectedtowork
Nowadaysbothparentsoftenwork
It costs somuch to bringchildrenup
It ismore difficulttoraise a large family
Workingparents (also see “gender” topic)
Childrenandtheirparentsseem tobe lessclose
nowadaysParentsspendlesstime withtheirchildren
Womentraditionallystayedathome tocook,cleanand lookafterchildren
Nowadaysbothparentsoftenworkfull time
Childrenmaybe leftalone,orwithnanniesorbabysitters
Busy parentshave lesscontact withtheirchildren
Many familiesnolongereatmealstogether
Childrenspendmore time withfriendsorsurfingthe Internet

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Negative effectsonChildren
The lack of closenessinfamiliescanhave anegative effectonchildren
Many parentshave no ideahowtheirchildrenspendtheirtime
Friends,televisionandthe Internetbecome the maininfluence onchildren’sbehavior
Teenagersare influencedbypeerpressure
Some of themjoingangs
Juveniledelinquencyisonthe increase
Parentsshouldbe more involvedwiththeirchildren’supbringing
Young people needpositiverole models
Divorce
In the past,divorce wasunacceptable
It was consideredtobe embarrassingforafamily
People stayedtogetherforreligiousorfamilyreasons
Divorce ismore sociallyacceptable nowadays
It has become muchmore common
Divorce can be extremelystressful
Lone parentsmay face financial difficulties
Many single parentshave torelyonbenefitspaidbythe state
Divorce can have a negative effecton children
Childrenfromsingle-parentfamiliesare more likelytogetlowergradesordrop out of school.
The rise in divorce ratesmaybe connectedtosome social problems
Care for Old people
Caringfor elderlypeoplewastraditionallythe responsibility of families
Adultshadto lookaftertheirelderlyparents
A woman’sjobwasto stay at home takingcare of her family
Nowadays,fewerelderlypeopleare lookedafterbytheirrelatives
Residential homesprovide care forlarge numberof elderlypeople
Some familiesare unable tolookafterelderlyrelatives
Familiestendtobe smallerthesedays,andwomenoftenhave full-time jobs
Careshomesprovide aprofessionalserviceforseniorcitizens

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Nursesare bettertrainedthanfamilymembers
Care for Old people:Opinion
The bestform of care for the elderlydependsonthe familysituation
It dependsonwhetherfamilymembershave the time resources
We all have a responsibilitytowardsthe olderpeopleinoursociety
Governmentsshouldinvestmoneyinfacilities andtrainingforcare workers.
10. CITIES
People move to cities in search of job
opportunities
The cost of living is higher than in rural areas
Cities offer greater employment
possibilities and a higher standard of
living
Housing is usually much more expensive
Traditional activities like farming need
fewer workers nowadays
Homelessness and poverty are common on
cities
Life in cities can be extremely stressful
There are problems like traffic congestion
and crime
People do not even know their neighbor
Chung chung:
- widely differing views on
- principal reasons

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