: One of the common problems in organizations is organizational silence, which reduces the effectiveness of organizational decisions, and prevents development and organizational development effectively, by limiting the staffs’ opinions. This study aims to investigate, identify and rank effective factors on organizational silence from perspective of the staffs of Novin insurance company, and to present relevant approaches. This research from point of view of target is practical, and from point of view of data compilation is descriptive-survey. The study population consisted of all the staffs of Novin insurance company (n = 133) that 97 staffs were selected using cluster random sampling. In this study, data collecting method is researcher-made questionnaire of organizational silence in the form of four components, and is adjusted for Likert scale. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient 89%.is calculated to check the reliability and validity and reliability. Both descriptive statistics (central and dispersion parameters) and inferential statistics (independent t test) are used to analyze the data. The results obtained from this study showed that from the perspective of staffs, organizational factors are the most important factor that affects the organizational silence, and other factors such as group factors, individual factors, and managerial factors do not have much impact on that.
The examination of relation between organizational space and organizational p...ijsptm
The organizational space defines what the method of work is and that which kind of behaviors are
supported. The target of this examination is to knowing of the existence of relation between organizational
spaces (structure of organizational, organizational responsibility, Productivity of managers, organizational
identity) and the organizational patronage of the leaders in administrations of West Azerbaijan. Generally
150 episodes of standard questioning in statistical society were done and 100 questioning for scrutiny
hypothesis were done. According to the normal data of Pearson’s coefficient to identify of the kind of the
quantity of relations between shifty was used. The result of this examination shows a direct relation
between organizational responsibility, manager’s productivity and organizational identity with
organizational patronage. But there is not any relation between organizational structure dimension and
organizational patronage. So it is suggested to do important activities in order to improve the
organizational patronage by using efficient organization.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Organizational Conflicts Management In Selected Organizaions In Lagos State, ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Pengaruh Profesionalisme, Gaya Kepemimpinan, Komitmen Organisasi dan Locus Of Control Terhadap Kinerja Auditor (studi pada Kantor Akuntan Publik DKI Jakarta)
The Influence of Cultural Factors on Employees’ Performance at Halawanee Corp...IOSRJBM
The main objective of the study is to find out the influence of cultural factors on employee performance at Halawanee Corporation in Amman, Jordan. Oftentimes, employees work harder to achieve organizational goals if they consider themselves to be part of the corporate culture. The study asked the main question "What is the influence of cultural factorson employees’ performance atHalawanee Corporation in Amman-Jordan? Hypothesis were put and tested and a model was crafted to fit the study. A questionnaire was developed and distributed to a sample of (80) employees chosen randomly from different levels and functions. Only46 out of 80 were returned and the valid ones for analysis were 38. The collected data was examined by using the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) andthe results show that thecultural factorshas no significant influence on employee’s performance atHalawanee Corporat
The examination of relation between organizational space and organizational p...ijsptm
The organizational space defines what the method of work is and that which kind of behaviors are
supported. The target of this examination is to knowing of the existence of relation between organizational
spaces (structure of organizational, organizational responsibility, Productivity of managers, organizational
identity) and the organizational patronage of the leaders in administrations of West Azerbaijan. Generally
150 episodes of standard questioning in statistical society were done and 100 questioning for scrutiny
hypothesis were done. According to the normal data of Pearson’s coefficient to identify of the kind of the
quantity of relations between shifty was used. The result of this examination shows a direct relation
between organizational responsibility, manager’s productivity and organizational identity with
organizational patronage. But there is not any relation between organizational structure dimension and
organizational patronage. So it is suggested to do important activities in order to improve the
organizational patronage by using efficient organization.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Organizational Conflicts Management In Selected Organizaions In Lagos State, ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Pengaruh Profesionalisme, Gaya Kepemimpinan, Komitmen Organisasi dan Locus Of Control Terhadap Kinerja Auditor (studi pada Kantor Akuntan Publik DKI Jakarta)
The Influence of Cultural Factors on Employees’ Performance at Halawanee Corp...IOSRJBM
The main objective of the study is to find out the influence of cultural factors on employee performance at Halawanee Corporation in Amman, Jordan. Oftentimes, employees work harder to achieve organizational goals if they consider themselves to be part of the corporate culture. The study asked the main question "What is the influence of cultural factorson employees’ performance atHalawanee Corporation in Amman-Jordan? Hypothesis were put and tested and a model was crafted to fit the study. A questionnaire was developed and distributed to a sample of (80) employees chosen randomly from different levels and functions. Only46 out of 80 were returned and the valid ones for analysis were 38. The collected data was examined by using the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) andthe results show that thecultural factorshas no significant influence on employee’s performance atHalawanee Corporat
Impact of change in organizational structure and change in technology on empl...Muhammad Faheem
This study reports on Impact of change in technology & organizational structure on employee performance and role of transformational leadership as moderator.
The Relationship between Transformational Style and Organization Commitment w...inventionjournals
This research was done to know the relationship between transformational style of leadership and organisation commitment with Organizational Citizenship Behavior on officers. The subject of this research was 30 officers of Aparatur Sipil Negara (State Civil Services) and 30 officers of the non permanent employees (PTTPK) at Dinas PU Bina Marga of East Java. The instruments used were the scale of transformational style of leadership, the scale of organisation commitment, and the scale of Organizational Citizenship Behavior. The result of the research shows there is a significant correlation simultaneously between transformational style of leadership and organisation commitment with Organizational Citizenship Behavior on all officers viewed from the result of coefficient analysis shows value of F = 4,961 with p=0,010 (p<0,05).><0,05)>< 0,05) this means there is a significant correlation of organization commitment with Organizational Citizenship Behavior on all officers
Organization development (OD) is a deliberately planned, organization-wide effort to increase an organization's effectiveness and/or efficiency and/or to enable the organization to achieve its strategic goals.
This slide is an overview of the concept of organizational change. The Change needs, Change Forces, Change Methods, Resistance to Change with an example.
The Influence of Leadership Style and Organizational Climate on Work Relation...theijes
The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the influence of Leadership Style and Organizational Climate on Work Relationship. Collecting data used quetionaire. Sampling method used proportionate cluster random sampling. The sample was partially of Private University in Southeast Sulawesi and the sampled respondents were middle-level managers (Dean and Vice Dean), manager of the lowest level (LPPM, LPMI, Department, Study Program, BAAK, Library and Laboratory), and organizing committee (faculty and staff), as well as students. The numbers of samples in this study were 350 respondents. Method of data analysis used Partial Least Square (PLS). The results showed that of Leadership Style has positive and significant influence on Employment Relationship. Organizational Climate has positive and significant influence on Work Relationship. Leadership Style has positive and significant influence on Organizational Climate.
Organization Behaviour - Organization Change and DevelopmentSOMASUNDARAM T
Organization Change, Importance, Reasons, Factors influencing changes, Levels of Change, Resistance to Change, Lewin's Force Field theory, Organization Development, OD Interventions (Techniques).
The Relation between Organizational Silence and Personality Characteristics: ...inventionjournals
Organizational silence is defined as a form of behavior in which employees unwilling to speak up about organizational issues and concerns. Personality characteristics of employees is an impact on the behavior they exhibit silence. This situation emphasizes on the importance of individual differences in organizational silence. In organizations the work environment where employee can easily express views, ideas and suggestions, brings with positive results at the organizational level and individual besides this, organizational silence environment is considered to be an major obstacle to organizational and individual change and development. Therefore, the formation of organizational silence environment constitutes an undesirable situation by organizations. Thus, determination of the personality characteristics of employees is regarded important in terms of understanding of organizational silence behavior. With this research, it is aimed to determine the relations between the personality characteristics and organizational silence dimensions of individuals working in the hotel business operating in the tourism sector, in five-factor personality. For this purpose, the employees working in thermal hotels that are located in Kütahya region have been selected. As a result of the analyses conducted, in the organizational silence and the Big Five Personality traits of employees, the averages are close to each other and the highest average belongs to ProSocial silence and extroversion.
Human resource is the key element of healthcare services in a globalizing world and business is the
most important resource in order to provide effective and efficient healthcare services. In the provision of health
services, employees in the healthcare enterprise serve patients with physical and mental capacity
Effect of Leadership styles on Organisational commitment.Deepak Chandhok
Research Project on finding effects of Leadership Styles on Organisational Commitment in government sector under the guidance of Dr.Purva Kansal(Associate professor), University Business School.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The Journal will bring together leading researchers, engineers and scientists in the domain of interest from around the world. Topics of interest for submission include, but are not limited to
The effect of career development, leadership style and organizational culture...inventionjournals
The practice of career development, leadership style and organizational culture on organizational commitment to employee satisfaction is an important factor in achieving the good governance. Causality between variables built into the model by using the 7,342 employees working in 37 regional work unit (SKPD) in the province of Papua. The sampling technique is done by using proportionate random sampling, the sample size in order to obtain a number of 379 employees with a response rate of 36.41 %, so overall the questionnaire used to analyze just 138 employees. The results of the analysis of moment structures using Ver. 21 provides evidence that career development and organizational culture proved can improve employee job satisfaction. Other facts suggest that the better career development and leadership style, the higher the employee organizational Commitment while organizational culture and employee job satisfaction was not shown to improve organizational commitment.
Problems with Organizational Development Organizational Change and Developme...manumelwin
Few consultants are engaged in the system-wide efforts that are OD.
Most are using OD techniques in limited ways because of “reductionist thinking legacy”.
Understanding the interconnectedness between leading and managing people and organizational
change served as one of the highlights in this paper and the importance of leading and managing people to
leaders, managers, employees and the entire organization as a whole. In the course of achieving well-informed
economic decisions, organizational change should be incorporated not only to the organization’s strategic
business plan but also included as an important consideration for managers and leaders in managing and leading
people in their own workplaces. This study utilized secondary data to support the author’s claims and
arguments to establish the linkage between leading and managing people and organizational change, individual
and organizational benefits and other issues. Key findings suggest that organizational change and leading and
managing people are both useful in organizations and regardless of management positions held by employees,
change plays an essential role in coping up with the never ending changes organizationally, nationally and
globally. For employees and staff, change allows them to hone their knowledge, skills, abilities and attitudes to
be productive in their own fields. Change also promotes organizational productivity and profitability. Hence, it
is recommended that leading and managing people and organizational change should be taken serious
consideration by organizations to stay competitive, relevant and enjoy the long-term benefits and should be
mutually applied to achieve favorable outcomes.
The Effect of Personality Traits on Social Identification, Transformational L...theijes
This study aims to establish the role model the effect of personality traits on social identification, transformational leadership and employees performance. To examine the patterns of the effect between the variables used inferential analysis tool that Software SPSS version 21.0. The results of this study indicate that, personality traits that can improve employees performance when incorporating the variables that come into play, namely social identification and transformational leadership in Provincial Government Southeast Sulawesi.
The relationship between organizational space of offices and corporate identi...ijsptm
Institutional space as the value system determines what methods work and what behaviors are approved.
This study aimed to identify the relationship between organizational space (organizational structure,
corporate responsibility, corporate support and productivity management) with senior administration
identity of corporate managers of West Azerbaijan. 150 standardized questionnaires were distributed
among population and 100 questionnaires were returned to test hypotheses. According to normal data, the
Pearson correlation coefficient used to determine the type and extent of the relationship between the
variables. The results show there is a direct relationship between corporate responsibility, productivity
management, organizational support and corporate identity. However, a significant relationship between
the dimensions of organizational structure and corporate identity does not exist. So we suggest that serious
efforts should be made in General Offices in West Azerbaijan by exercising efficiently management and
developing appropriate organizational space (with respect to the liability of agents, productivity
management and organizational support) in order to improve organizational identity administration.
Impact of change in organizational structure and change in technology on empl...Muhammad Faheem
This study reports on Impact of change in technology & organizational structure on employee performance and role of transformational leadership as moderator.
The Relationship between Transformational Style and Organization Commitment w...inventionjournals
This research was done to know the relationship between transformational style of leadership and organisation commitment with Organizational Citizenship Behavior on officers. The subject of this research was 30 officers of Aparatur Sipil Negara (State Civil Services) and 30 officers of the non permanent employees (PTTPK) at Dinas PU Bina Marga of East Java. The instruments used were the scale of transformational style of leadership, the scale of organisation commitment, and the scale of Organizational Citizenship Behavior. The result of the research shows there is a significant correlation simultaneously between transformational style of leadership and organisation commitment with Organizational Citizenship Behavior on all officers viewed from the result of coefficient analysis shows value of F = 4,961 with p=0,010 (p<0,05).><0,05)>< 0,05) this means there is a significant correlation of organization commitment with Organizational Citizenship Behavior on all officers
Organization development (OD) is a deliberately planned, organization-wide effort to increase an organization's effectiveness and/or efficiency and/or to enable the organization to achieve its strategic goals.
This slide is an overview of the concept of organizational change. The Change needs, Change Forces, Change Methods, Resistance to Change with an example.
The Influence of Leadership Style and Organizational Climate on Work Relation...theijes
The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the influence of Leadership Style and Organizational Climate on Work Relationship. Collecting data used quetionaire. Sampling method used proportionate cluster random sampling. The sample was partially of Private University in Southeast Sulawesi and the sampled respondents were middle-level managers (Dean and Vice Dean), manager of the lowest level (LPPM, LPMI, Department, Study Program, BAAK, Library and Laboratory), and organizing committee (faculty and staff), as well as students. The numbers of samples in this study were 350 respondents. Method of data analysis used Partial Least Square (PLS). The results showed that of Leadership Style has positive and significant influence on Employment Relationship. Organizational Climate has positive and significant influence on Work Relationship. Leadership Style has positive and significant influence on Organizational Climate.
Organization Behaviour - Organization Change and DevelopmentSOMASUNDARAM T
Organization Change, Importance, Reasons, Factors influencing changes, Levels of Change, Resistance to Change, Lewin's Force Field theory, Organization Development, OD Interventions (Techniques).
The Relation between Organizational Silence and Personality Characteristics: ...inventionjournals
Organizational silence is defined as a form of behavior in which employees unwilling to speak up about organizational issues and concerns. Personality characteristics of employees is an impact on the behavior they exhibit silence. This situation emphasizes on the importance of individual differences in organizational silence. In organizations the work environment where employee can easily express views, ideas and suggestions, brings with positive results at the organizational level and individual besides this, organizational silence environment is considered to be an major obstacle to organizational and individual change and development. Therefore, the formation of organizational silence environment constitutes an undesirable situation by organizations. Thus, determination of the personality characteristics of employees is regarded important in terms of understanding of organizational silence behavior. With this research, it is aimed to determine the relations between the personality characteristics and organizational silence dimensions of individuals working in the hotel business operating in the tourism sector, in five-factor personality. For this purpose, the employees working in thermal hotels that are located in Kütahya region have been selected. As a result of the analyses conducted, in the organizational silence and the Big Five Personality traits of employees, the averages are close to each other and the highest average belongs to ProSocial silence and extroversion.
Human resource is the key element of healthcare services in a globalizing world and business is the
most important resource in order to provide effective and efficient healthcare services. In the provision of health
services, employees in the healthcare enterprise serve patients with physical and mental capacity
Effect of Leadership styles on Organisational commitment.Deepak Chandhok
Research Project on finding effects of Leadership Styles on Organisational Commitment in government sector under the guidance of Dr.Purva Kansal(Associate professor), University Business School.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The Journal will bring together leading researchers, engineers and scientists in the domain of interest from around the world. Topics of interest for submission include, but are not limited to
The effect of career development, leadership style and organizational culture...inventionjournals
The practice of career development, leadership style and organizational culture on organizational commitment to employee satisfaction is an important factor in achieving the good governance. Causality between variables built into the model by using the 7,342 employees working in 37 regional work unit (SKPD) in the province of Papua. The sampling technique is done by using proportionate random sampling, the sample size in order to obtain a number of 379 employees with a response rate of 36.41 %, so overall the questionnaire used to analyze just 138 employees. The results of the analysis of moment structures using Ver. 21 provides evidence that career development and organizational culture proved can improve employee job satisfaction. Other facts suggest that the better career development and leadership style, the higher the employee organizational Commitment while organizational culture and employee job satisfaction was not shown to improve organizational commitment.
Problems with Organizational Development Organizational Change and Developme...manumelwin
Few consultants are engaged in the system-wide efforts that are OD.
Most are using OD techniques in limited ways because of “reductionist thinking legacy”.
Understanding the interconnectedness between leading and managing people and organizational
change served as one of the highlights in this paper and the importance of leading and managing people to
leaders, managers, employees and the entire organization as a whole. In the course of achieving well-informed
economic decisions, organizational change should be incorporated not only to the organization’s strategic
business plan but also included as an important consideration for managers and leaders in managing and leading
people in their own workplaces. This study utilized secondary data to support the author’s claims and
arguments to establish the linkage between leading and managing people and organizational change, individual
and organizational benefits and other issues. Key findings suggest that organizational change and leading and
managing people are both useful in organizations and regardless of management positions held by employees,
change plays an essential role in coping up with the never ending changes organizationally, nationally and
globally. For employees and staff, change allows them to hone their knowledge, skills, abilities and attitudes to
be productive in their own fields. Change also promotes organizational productivity and profitability. Hence, it
is recommended that leading and managing people and organizational change should be taken serious
consideration by organizations to stay competitive, relevant and enjoy the long-term benefits and should be
mutually applied to achieve favorable outcomes.
The Effect of Personality Traits on Social Identification, Transformational L...theijes
This study aims to establish the role model the effect of personality traits on social identification, transformational leadership and employees performance. To examine the patterns of the effect between the variables used inferential analysis tool that Software SPSS version 21.0. The results of this study indicate that, personality traits that can improve employees performance when incorporating the variables that come into play, namely social identification and transformational leadership in Provincial Government Southeast Sulawesi.
The relationship between organizational space of offices and corporate identi...ijsptm
Institutional space as the value system determines what methods work and what behaviors are approved.
This study aimed to identify the relationship between organizational space (organizational structure,
corporate responsibility, corporate support and productivity management) with senior administration
identity of corporate managers of West Azerbaijan. 150 standardized questionnaires were distributed
among population and 100 questionnaires were returned to test hypotheses. According to normal data, the
Pearson correlation coefficient used to determine the type and extent of the relationship between the
variables. The results show there is a direct relationship between corporate responsibility, productivity
management, organizational support and corporate identity. However, a significant relationship between
the dimensions of organizational structure and corporate identity does not exist. So we suggest that serious
efforts should be made in General Offices in West Azerbaijan by exercising efficiently management and
developing appropriate organizational space (with respect to the liability of agents, productivity
management and organizational support) in order to improve organizational identity administration.
Running Head INFLUENTIAL LEADERSHIP .docxcowinhelen
Running Head: INFLUENTIAL LEADERSHIP 1
INFLUENTIAL LEADERSHIP 4
Influential Leadership
Name:
Course:
Affiliation:
Instructor:
Date of Submission:
INFLUENTIAL LEADERSHIP OUTLINE
A. Introduction
In this part of the study, we try to discuss influential leadership in the current leadership generation. The intention of this part is to make sure that the readers are aware of what the discussion is all about (Postero, 2016). Further, we try to disseminate the different kinds of leadership which are used by the influential leaders and also the impact they have on different company success. It covers some surveys which have been done on the different roles leaders have when it comes to influence. It also focuses on the impact of changes in management paradigms and how that has some impact on leadership (Bae et al., 2013).
B. Meaning of terms
i. Leadership
Covers the meaning of leadership in details. In this part, we discover there is a difference to lead and to manage (Makala & David, 2010)
ii. Influence
Identifies the meaning of influence and how one can be influential (Hilley, 2012).The paper will study an extensive study of how leaders can use their leadership styles to influence performance in organizations (Murray et al., 2011).
C. Theory
This is a study of the relationship that the leaders and the followers. The intention of this part is to give a detailed study of the relationship between the followers and how to create a shared purpose among the two (Crozier & Priestley, 2011)
. The theory meant to show how the leaders can use their abilities to create followers in the different field they are acting on (Malek et al., 2015).
D. Factors that determine influential leadership
i. Organizational factors
These are factors which are within the organization which are very pertinent and makes a leader influential (You, 2014). This part of the leadership influence is abused in the fact that a problem will come up, and the leader will find a way through which they can manage to influence he workers capitalizing on the solution to the problems (Cote et al., 2015).
ii. Group factors
These are the factors that group members of an organization do to see that the workers have a following for a leader. This factor makes a leader one who focusses on the personal traits of every member of an organization (Zhang & Chua, 2011).
iii. Individual factors
This is a study of how a leader behaves and how that influences results and how one acts about that. A leader can have a following when he or she can use the personal traits that will have the rest of members of the organization following (Eichmann, 2001).
iv. Relations with coworkers
This studies how a leader can use the influence he or she has to make sure that they command a following out of this. Any leader who does not have a ...
WHERE IS THE RUNNING HEAD 1
WHERE IS THE RUNNING HEAD 5
Where is the title and why did you put in an abstract?
Just FOLLOW DIRECTIONS
Abstract
The above is not even centered
Leadership in organizations plays an important role in ensuring the company's objectives are attained with the monitoring of daily organizational operations. Leadership structures the decision-making process within an organization, which explains the intended purpose of the operations within the organization. Leadership varies depending on the nature of the organization's operations in chasing its goals; hence, decisions require scrutiny and understanding of the concerns within the organization. This paper gives concepts on leadership and explains different theories in meeting the expected goal of the organizations.
Comparison and contrasting Contrasting of leadership Leadership theoriesTheories
Different leadership theories follow values that the management concludes to be effective in extracting intended results hence differences in the leadership theories we discuss in this paper. There are different leadership theories, including situational leadership theory, which educates leaders on dealing with matters. In contrast, behavioral theory indicates learning skills toward becoming a good leader. The strengths of handling situations include saving on the costs of maintaining and deciding on methods to undertake in expecting positive results (Zaccaro et al., 2018). The response to situations is administered after the occurrence and the need for leadership qualities. Many leaders prefer situational leadership since a short time is taken to make decisions on situations at hand, which makes the responses effective as solutions. The strategy involves high expertise since its expectations of the decisions would be certain and accurate leadership. Behavioral leadership involves developing habits from practice in certain leadership skills through gaining experience in a certain field.
The leadership theory shapes leaders' characters and makes them familiar with issues they would have experienced during the learning process. Behaviors developed would influence decisions made in the organization since risks and strategies in fulfilling the plans would be evaluated adequately. The character of individuals grows with exposure to many issues in the organization and industry, hence the ability to make informed decisions in leading the organization. Adopting foreign skills improves the organization's quality in market sales since the leadership standards would be similar to those in foreign markets (Offermann & Coats, 2018). Trait leadership portrays similar qualities to behavioral leadership because of the common objective of leaders mastering the skill of leadership through learning. However, the theories differ in behavior adoption, where behaviors are perceived to be innate .
Effect Of Locus Of Control And Organizational Culture Employee Satisfaction L...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT: TESTING THE M...IAEME Publication
This study analyzed direct and indirect effects of emotional intelligence on job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. On the basis of previous studies, one exogenous variable (Emotional Intelligence) and two endogenous variables, i.e. job satisfaction, and organizational commitment were analyzed through structural model. The participants were 419 academic leaders in Tamil Nadu Universities. They were chosen through Stratified Purposive Random Sampling Method. The results of the study indicate that emotional intelligence direct and indirect effects on job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Moreover, emotional intelligence not only has a direct effect on job satisfaction, it also has an indirect effect on organizational commitment. Job satisfaction has a strong direct positive effect on organizational commitment. The mediatory role of job satisfaction in the effect of emotional intelligence on organizational commitment is confirmed in the study.
My dissertation i good very good marks on it i want everyone to look and get the best idea how to get the work done, hope you are gonna love my job, please check chapter 2 and you will get to know how to work on that. I got very good feedback on that from my supervisor too...
Business and Economics Research Journal Volume 5 Number .docxRAHUL126667
Business and Economics Research Journal
Volume 5 Number 4
2014
pp. 143-166
ISSN: 1309-2448
www.berjournal.com
The Role of Corporate Communication and Perception of Justice
during Organizational Change Process
Neşe Saruhan
a
a
PhD., Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkiye, [email protected]
Abstract: Today, researchers have been exploring employee’s resistance to change and how to
foresee these aversive behaviors during organizational change process (Armenakis & Harris, 2002, Dent
& Goldberg, 1999, Oreg & Sverdlik, 2011). Some employees view organizational change in a negative
way even if change efforts will results in favorable consequences for them. At this point,
communication process has a crucial effect on the perception of employees towards change process. In
addition, several studies confirm the role of perceived justice in the organization during organizational
change. So, the effects of communication and perception of justice on behaviors of employees during
change process and the contribution of communication on resistance to change through perception of
organizational justice was explored. The research was conducted among 583 employees in Turkey. The
results of the regression analysis showed that perception of organizational justice plays a mediating
role between communication to resistance and change.
Keywords: Change, resistance to change, perception of justice, communication.
JEL Classification: M10, M12
1. Introduction
Global competition, new age information technologies, global economic crises, new
political strategies and rapidly evolving consumption trends are stimulants for organizational
change. Organizations must implement continuous and transformational change to remain
competitive (Cohen, 1999). For instance, Forbes published its first Top 100 Companies list in
1917. It re-printed it in 1987, showing that 61 of the original 100 companies has no longer
existed (Foster & Kaplan, 2001). This shows that in today’s dynamic world, organizations must
change or go out of business.
So, organizational change has become a very popular subject for scholars and
researchers. Organizations have been spending huge amounts of money, time and human
capital to be successful in their change efforts. However, Beer, Eisenstat and Spector (1990)
noted that change programs often failed or made situations worse. Such results have led
researchers and practitioners to search how organizations can successfully accomplish
change processes. The reasons for failure in the change process were found as technological
difficulties and lack of money, but most importantly, human related problems (Lawrence,
1954 cited in Foster, 2008).
The Role of Corporate Communication and Perception of Justice during Organizational Change Process
Business and Economics Research Journal
5(4)2014
144
There are several studies that have attempted to understand and predict emp ...
Business and Economics Research Journal Volume 5 Number .docxhumphrieskalyn
Business and Economics Research Journal
Volume 5 Number 4
2014
pp. 143-166
ISSN: 1309-2448
www.berjournal.com
The Role of Corporate Communication and Perception of Justice
during Organizational Change Process
Neşe Saruhan
a
a
PhD., Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkiye, [email protected]
Abstract: Today, researchers have been exploring employee’s resistance to change and how to
foresee these aversive behaviors during organizational change process (Armenakis & Harris, 2002, Dent
& Goldberg, 1999, Oreg & Sverdlik, 2011). Some employees view organizational change in a negative
way even if change efforts will results in favorable consequences for them. At this point,
communication process has a crucial effect on the perception of employees towards change process. In
addition, several studies confirm the role of perceived justice in the organization during organizational
change. So, the effects of communication and perception of justice on behaviors of employees during
change process and the contribution of communication on resistance to change through perception of
organizational justice was explored. The research was conducted among 583 employees in Turkey. The
results of the regression analysis showed that perception of organizational justice plays a mediating
role between communication to resistance and change.
Keywords: Change, resistance to change, perception of justice, communication.
JEL Classification: M10, M12
1. Introduction
Global competition, new age information technologies, global economic crises, new
political strategies and rapidly evolving consumption trends are stimulants for organizational
change. Organizations must implement continuous and transformational change to remain
competitive (Cohen, 1999). For instance, Forbes published its first Top 100 Companies list in
1917. It re-printed it in 1987, showing that 61 of the original 100 companies has no longer
existed (Foster & Kaplan, 2001). This shows that in today’s dynamic world, organizations must
change or go out of business.
So, organizational change has become a very popular subject for scholars and
researchers. Organizations have been spending huge amounts of money, time and human
capital to be successful in their change efforts. However, Beer, Eisenstat and Spector (1990)
noted that change programs often failed or made situations worse. Such results have led
researchers and practitioners to search how organizations can successfully accomplish
change processes. The reasons for failure in the change process were found as technological
difficulties and lack of money, but most importantly, human related problems (Lawrence,
1954 cited in Foster, 2008).
The Role of Corporate Communication and Perception of Justice during Organizational Change Process
Business and Economics Research Journal
5(4)2014
144
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Identifying and Ranking the Affecting Factors on Organizational Silence from Staffs’ Perspective and Presenting Relevant Approaches
1. International Journal of Business and Management Invention
ISSN (Online): 2319 – 8028, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 801X
www.ijbmi.org || Volume 6 Issue 5 || May. 2017 || PP—33-40
www.ijbmi.org 33 | Page
Identifying and Ranking the Affecting Factors on Organizational
Silence from Staffs’ Perspective and Presenting Relevant
Approaches
Zeinab Nazarzadeh Danak1
, Amir Hosein Mahmoudi2
, Mostafa Askarian3
1
MA student of Educational Administration, Islamic Azad University of Tehran, Central Branch
2
Assistant Professor of Educational Administration, Faculty of Management Education and Higher Education,
Islamic Azad University of Tehran, Central Branch
3
Professor of Educational Administration, Faculty of Management Education and Higher Education, Islamic
Azad University of Tehran, Central Branch
Abstract: One of the common problems in organizations is organizational silence, which reduces the
effectiveness of organizational decisions, and prevents development and organizational development effectively,
by limiting the staffs’ opinions. This study aims to investigate, identify and rank effective factors on
organizational silence from perspective of the staffs of Novin insurance company, and to present relevant
approaches. This research from point of view of target is practical, and from point of view of data compilation
is descriptive-survey. The study population consisted of all the staffs of Novin insurance company (n = 133) that
97 staffs were selected using cluster random sampling. In this study, data collecting method is researcher-made
questionnaire of organizational silence in the form of four components, and is adjusted for Likert scale. The
Cronbach's alpha coefficient 89%.is calculated to check the reliability and validity and reliability. Both
descriptive statistics (central and dispersion parameters) and inferential statistics (independent t test) are used
to analyze the data. The results obtained from this study showed that from the perspective of staffs,
organizational factors are the most important factor that affects the organizational silence, and other factors
such as group factors, individual factors, and managerial factors do not have much impact on that.
Keywords: Organizational Silence, Staffs, Individual Factors, Managerial Factors, Organizational Factors,
Group Factors.
I. INTRODUCTION
In new management literature, management of human capital plays an important role. Efficiency and
development of an organization is mostly depends on use of human capital. Organizations strongly demand
their staff to be innovative, active and responsible due to competition, increase customer expectations and focus
more on quality that shows the roles is changing. (Cinar. O. karcuglu. F. Aliogullari, 2013). Organizations as an
open system have relation to each other and they have to be responsible to remain in market. Since human
capital is most important part in so equipping and preparing resources for seeing problems is essential. And
Organizations with any job must devote their most, time, program and investment t to teach their Staff in any
scale (Jafar Zadeh, 2009). Nowadays in complication and evolution world which societies have a lot of
competition for access to newest technologies in power sector, human capital, especially creative people with
their new ideasare most expensive organizational assets that is a very valuable position? New organizational
structures and human capital have been changed and their inputs affected by various threats, including
phenomenon of "organizational silence". Organizational Silence is a common phenomenon and reality in
organizations and that is tangible For administrations And Staffs (Karaca, 2013). One important point is that
various motivation of staffs lead to special kind of Silence hence, Staffs abandon to Presenting their
Information, Comments, Ideas and believes intentionally. And that lead to a new form of Silence (Rastegar and
Roozban, 2015). Silence could be active, conscious, deliberate, purposeful, measurable and related to
organizational concepts (Zehir & Erdogan, 2011). Organizational Silence Process is a Organizational
Ineffectiveness that face Reaction Very little Staff At Difficulties Able The That One Organization With It Front
Thus, The Find Viewfinder. Costs and attemps done And From Among Takes and the Can Figures Different to
Own Take (Tulubas &, Celep, 2012). Van Dyne, Linn, Soon Ang and Isabel C. Botero (2003), Silence and to
the subject One Behavior Organization, Such Definition done Have not Intentional and knowingly of expression
Ideas, Information and believes Linked with Work. Pinder and Harlos (2001), they believe Organizational
silence, refusing Staff from Expression Evaluations Behavioral, Cognitive And effective At Case Situation and
Positions Organization, the People Is That at A place the have That Able to Change Conditions Have. When
employees as capital of a strategy of an organization such as silent as a fashion you should be aware of the great
2. Identifying And Ranking The Affecting Factors On Organizational Silence From Staffs’ Perspective
www.ijbmi.org 34 | Page
danger of that happening are. At Such conditions Staff Behavior Silence And At Ago Was And Organization As
well as other Able will not were From This References Valuable Use The.
So one of the important factors that on Promotion performance level And Effectiveness Organizational
Is, Silence categories Organizational Is. At Conditions Modern the more successful organizations are that To
from This References and Factors Vital Own The best Shape Use Them. So Existence conditions That
Employees can best efficiency And Effectiveness and from Own sign Day Essential and Vital Is. Existence
Relations human And Interactions among People Including Factors Is That Must Case Attention the Place.
Unfortunately In many From Organizations Spatial Prepared is not That Staff Able to Convenience To
expressing Centers on Organizations Pay (Yildiz, 2013). From Morrison & et al (2000), when That More
Member One Organization About subjects And problems Organizational Silent Stay And From Providing
Comments And concerns Own At Case Difficulties Organizational Refusal Patriotic, Silence To One Behavior
Group Becomes And This Phenomenon, Silence Organizational Called The (Nikmaram & et al 2012). Despite
this reality that silence Employees to the face Phenomenon Common Organization And converted to Is, But
Conceptual Is That So unknown is. Whereas That organizations Modern To Follow Management Knowledge
And Sharing All are and Lack Attention To Organizational Silence Question Tool Will Was, But To the reason
New to be the concept Silence Organizational At the literature Research And being complicated This Behavior
Off, Research a little At This Background Performance By Is. One from reasons this Neglect, Lack Clean It
from Variables Other. Silence Organizational Each Several Phenomenon Of Is That Possible Is Actively To
Work Was Be, But To Easily Recognition Not. When Person Conversation Not clear is not and the and
Attraction Not Slow (See Zuhair And Erdogan, 2011). Also Lack Participation Employees At Organization And,
Conditions Created brings That At It People a little The Know That What work So that Changes At
Organization Created brought, At result this Return Policy Of Adverse To Along Will The That The Can Yield
Organizational weak (Morrison & et al, 2000).
However, organizational silence in organizations may be caused by many factors and processes. Many
researches have been done on the factors affecting organizational silence. Morrison & et al kn (2000) to
disappear as a cause of the phenomenon remain silent and continue to refer to it. Pinder and Harlos (2001)
motivations people know the reason for the silence. The researchers believe that individuals may be due to
behavior, other actions seeking to silence. Huang et al (2005) impact on power distance culture of silence,
important to recognize. Vakola & Dimitris (2005) in their study admitted that the attitude of managers and
supervisors can be effective in spreading silence. Detert & et al. (2007), sound effects organizational and
employee performance evaluated on leadership style and organizational concluded that the voice on effective
leadership style and employee performance. Liu, Wu and Ma (2009) on the impact of different leadership styles
on inner emotional and mental state employees and their willingness to insist silence. Zuhair Et al (2011), the
relationship between silence and sound different types of organization with moral leadership and employee
performance review Turkey's multinational corporations. He concluded that the voices of moral leadership style
and performance of an organization or community workers linked above. . Bagheri & et al (2012) featuring
excellent group, organizational and environmental characteristics, employee engagement, management's beliefs,
policies and organizational structure, management fear of negative feedback were identified. Tulubas & Celep
(2012) believe that injustice and lack of appreciation and promotion and financial neglected, can the diffusion of
ideas, knowledge and suggestions on organizational stop. Yildiz (2013) notion of disability manager at work,
imagine you do not receive a positive response, the likelihood of injury to others, such as the reasons for
employees to organizational silence is detected. Karaca (2013) to the management issues and lack of trust and
communication opportunities as factors for silent attention.
Also Khanifar and colleagues (2011) in a study titled organizational silence (local model for
organizations are scrambling to provide Iran) Factors Affecting silence in the four categories of factors:
individual, organizational, group and manage explained. Rezazadeh (2012), management factors the
organizational silence in the northern province of Kerman has electricity distribution Company. He came to the
conclusion that these agents are effective on organizational silence. Ahmadi (2013), in a survey of corporate
silence as the dimensions and factors affecting the organization's silence. He mentioned, as well as providing an
extensive explanation on its review, the organization provides recommendations to reduce silence. Zarei Matin,
Taheri & Sayyar (2013) Factors Affecting Organizational Silence in the form of behavioral factors, structural
factors and factors that category. Kheiri (2014), an investigation as to evaluate and rank the factors affecting
organizational silence commercial bank branches in the province, came to the conclusion that individual factors,
managerial, organizational and groups of corporate silence is effective. Rastegar and Roozban (2015) three
individual factors, organizational culture and organizational silence were useful. Afkhami, Rajabpour and
Hashemi (2016), factors such as organizational culture, managers' personality characteristics and leadership
style of the most important factors considered in Organizational Silence in the Library of oil. Rastegar and
Nouri (2016) organization features, characteristics and attributes of management staff to understand the factors
affecting organizational silence. So we can say that through the identification and review Silence
3. Identifying And Ranking The Affecting Factors On Organizational Silence From Staffs’ Perspective
www.ijbmi.org 35 | Page
Organizational And Mel Factors affecting it and offering solutions to it, The Power Step Magnitude At
Direction advancement Goals Harvest organization And conditions And Prepared Did That Comments,
Knowledge And experiences Staff With Managers At Among Be laid. Many From researchers in abroad From
years Ago Action To Check Silence Organizational And Its causes At organizations Own done Have, But From
There That Basically, Each Organizational have Barley And Culture Special Is Relations People And Under the
impact The That, The Should On Basis Barley And Culture Organizational Own To Follow Assess the causes
Silence Organizational Own Is; Why That On Basis Research the face Taken, Root Of Silence At Each
organization At Relations Unsuspected Among Staff And Organization Latent Is. In order to achieve this goal,
the following questions were raised:
The main question: What are the affecting factors on organizational silence from perspective of the staffs of
Novin insurance company, and how are their ratings?
Sub questions:
1. Do individual factors affect organizational silence form perspective of the staffs of Novin insurance
company?
2. Do organizational factors affect organizational silence form perspective of the staffs of Novin insurance
company?
3. Do group factors affect organizational silence form perspective of the staffs of Novin insurance company?
4. Do managerial factors affect organizational silence form perspective of the staffs of Novin insurance
company?
After investigating literatures, the key factors affecting on organizational silence were identified, which majority
of researches agree with them. Finally conceptual model of study has been presented in figure 1.
Figure 1: Affecting factors on organizational silence
II. METHODOLOGY
This research is an applied research because it studies specific relation among the statistical population
practically. It tries to identify relation between effective factors on organizational silence and describe their
ranking based on collected data, hence is also a descriptive one. Since it makes an effort to assess attitude of the
staffs of Novin insurance company through questionnaire, it is a survey research. In this study, the statistical
population includes all the 133 staffs of Novin insurance company, which 97 of them are selected based on
cluster random sampling. Data collecting method in this study is researcher-made questionnaire for
organizational silence in the form of Likert scale. In this scale 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 refers to very low, low, average,
high, and very high respectively. Questions 1 to 8 assess organizational silence, questions 9 to 26 assess
administrative factors, questions 27 to 37 assess organizational factors , questions 38 to 47 assess group factors,
questions 48 to 55 assess individual factors from perspective of the staffs. It also was used reliability to check
the validity of the questionnaire so that it was presented to several professors including supervisor and advisors,
and their comments on the questionnaire was applied. Cronbach's alpha to measure organizational silence of
internal consistency or reliability. Cronbach's alpha for organizational silence questionnaire was calculated 0.73.
The reliability of the factors affecting organizational silence for individual factors, group factors, managerial
factors, and organizational factors was achieved 0.74, 0.7, 0.87 and 0.79 respectively.
4. Identifying And Ranking The Affecting Factors On Organizational Silence From Staffs’ Perspective
www.ijbmi.org 36 | Page
Table 1: Information of questionnaire‟s questions
Variables Number of
questions
Number of questions
Organizational
Silence
8 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Administrative
factors
Management Measures 7 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15
Senior managers fear of negative feedback 11 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26
Organizational
factors.
Job inertia 4 27, 28, 29, 30
Organizational policies and structure 4 31, 32, 33, 34
Lack of feedback mechanism from bottom to
top
3 35, 36, 37
Group factors Conformity with the addition or adaptation 3 38, 39, 40
Responsibility or social elusion 3 41, 42, 43
Group thinking 4 44, 45, 46, 47
Individual factors Maintain current situation 4 48, 49, 50, 51
Distrust to Director 4 52, 53, 54, 55
Descriptive statistics methods (central and dispersion indices), inferential statistics to analyze data.
Also, confirmatory analysis was used to be ensured of data fitting and variables with related components.
Ultimately, structural equations model was used to check the hypotheses and questions. Structural equations
model is one of the main methods of analysis of complex structures. Structural equation model is used to
analyze k independent and n dependent variables. Since, there are several independent variables in this study
that their effects on dependent variables should be examined, using structural equation model is necessary. PLS
was used to analyze the fitting of model and to get the effect of variables.
Findings
It needs to be ensured that variables are normal, before checking the research questions, in order to use
parametric or nonparametric tests according to normality or abnormality of variables. Kolmogorov–Smirnov test
was used to check normality of components. If the level of significance is grater than 0.05 of error, distribution
would be normal.
Table 2. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test in terms of staff
variable Test Significance level result
Organizational silence .804 .538 normal
Managerial factors 1.066 .206 normal
Organizational factors 1.092 .184 normal
Group factors .796 .552 normal
Individual factors .787 .566 normal
Considering that the significance level is greater than 0.05 of specified amount, all variables are normally
distributed. Also according to above table, a simple t-test was used to check the variables.
Investigating the inferential results
The main question: What are the affecting factors on organizational silence from perspective of the staffs of
Novin insurance company, and how are their ratings?
Table 3. Investigating the components of organizational silence from staffs‟ perspective.
Variables T Df The
significanc
e level
The average
difference
The 95% confidence Variable status
Minimu
m
Maxim
um
Organizational silence 3.466 88 .001 .235 .100 .370 Medium to high
Proceedings Management -.134 88 .894 -.010 -.169 .148 Average
the fear Managers Excellent From
Feedback Negative
-.849 88 .626 -.037 -.191 .115 Average
Job inertia 4.586 88 .000 -.347 -.489 -.193 Moderate to low
Organizational policy And Structure 2.080 88 .040 .126 .005 .247 Medium to high
a lack of The mechanism Feedback From
down To Top
-.2.01 88 .047 -.140 -.278 -.020 Moderate to low
Conformity With Total Or matching 1.811 88 .074 .108 -.010 -.227 Average
Responsibility extension Or Social
elusion
7.829 88 .000 -.526 -.679 -.392 Moderate to low
Group thinking 2.033 88 .045 .118 .002 .235 Medium to high
Protection position Modern 3.296 88 .001 .205 .081 .328 Medium to high
Distrust To manager 3.108 88 .003 -.279 -.457 -.110 Moderate to low
5. Identifying And Ranking The Affecting Factors On Organizational Silence From Staffs’ Perspective
www.ijbmi.org 37 | Page
According to table 3, it is observed that distrust to managers, lack of low to high feedback mechanism,
responsibility extension or social elusion, and job inertia are under average, due to the significant level is les than
0.05 and negative value of difference average. Preserving positions, group thinking, organizational policies and
structure, and organizational silence are over average due to the significant levels are less then of 0.05 and positive
value of average difference. Other variables are in average due to significant level is 0.05.
The first sub-question: Do individual factors affect on organizational silence from perspective of the staffs of
Novin insurance company?
Simple linear regression has been used in order to investigate this question. As one can see in the below
table, the significance level is 0.455 and more than 0.05 which shows that there is not any relation between
individual factors and organizational silence. Therefore individual factors do not have meaningful effect
organizational silence from perspective of the staffs‟ of Novin insurance company.
Table 4. Regression test of the first sub-questions; Impact of individual factors on organizational silence from
perspective of staffs.
Non-standard Standard T The significance
levelBeta standard error Beta
Constant 2.935 .405 7.246 0.000
Individual factors .101 .135 .080 .751 .455
Significant level of ANOVA .455 R .005 R .080
The second sub-question: Do organizational factors affect on organizational silence from perspective of the
staffs of Novin insurance company?
Simple linear regression has been used in order to investigate this question. As one can see in Table 5,
the significance level 0.006, and less than 0.05, which shows that there is a linear relation between
organizational factors and organizational silence. The R Enforcement value is equal to 0.072 that indicates that
7% of changes in organizational silence are due to organizational factors. The correlation coefficient is 0.286
which indicates how organizational factors affect on predictive of dependent variable of organizational silence.
Table 5. Regression test of the second sub-question. Effect of organizational factors on organizational silence
from perspective of staffs.
Non-Standard Standard T The significance
levelBeta standard error Beta
Constant 2.153 .393 5.472 0.000
Organizational factors .376 .135 .286 2.789 .006
Significant level of ANOVA .006 R .286 R .072
Regarding to positive value of beta coefficient, we can say that the relationship between these two
variables is positive, i.e. increment in one of them leads to increment in other one. As a result from perspective
of the staffs of Novin insurance company, organizational factors have meaningful effect on organizational
silence.
The third sub- question: Do group factors affect on organizational silence from perspective of the staffs of
Novin insurance company?
Simple linear regression has been used in order to investigate this question. As on can see in Table 6,
the significance level is 0.608, and greater than 0.05, which shows that between group factors and organizational
silence there is no linear relation. As a result group factors do not affect on organizational silence meaningfully
from perspective of the staffs of Novin insurance company.
Table 6. Regression test of sub-question third. The effect of group factors on organizational silence from
perspective of staffs
Non-Standard Standard T The significance level
Beta standard error Beta
Constant 3.532 .579 6.069 0.000
Group factors -.101 .179 -.055 -.515 .608
Significant level of ANOVA .608 R .055 R .008
The fourth sub-Question: Do managerial factors affect on organizational silence from perspective of the staffs
of Novin insurance company?
Simple linear regression has been used in order to investigate this question. As on can see in below Table, the
significance level is equal to 0.736, and greater than 0.05, which shows that between managerial factors and
6. Identifying And Ranking The Affecting Factors On Organizational Silence From Staffs’ Perspective
www.ijbmi.org 38 | Page
organizational silence there is no linear relation. As a result managerial factors do not affect on organizational
silence meaningfully from perspective of the staffs of Novin insurance company.
Table 7. Regression test of sub-question third. The effect of managerial factors on organizational silence from
perspective of staffs
Non-standard Standard T Significance level
Beta standard error Beta
Constant 3.136 .302 1.383 0.000
Factors Management .034 .099 .036 .338 .736
Significant level of ANOVA .736 R .036 R. .110
The correlation coefficients of the variables show that from perspective of administrators,
organizational, group, managerial and individual variables have high priority in affecting on organizational
silence respectively. Just organizational variables affect on organizational silence from perspective of staffs.
III. DISCUSSION
One of the important duties in human resources management in order to simplify effectiveness of an
organization is evaluation of staffs‟ functionality, which is under effect of different factors. One of them is lack
of open atmosphere for staffs at organizations to express their ideas, which is organizational silence. Staffs work
at an environment that they can cooperate to get experience, and freely share knowledge by their scientific
researches, and discuss about them and exchange opinions. So they should not work passively and silently.
Recent studies show that when an organization criticizes its staffs, there is a concern that is a sign of
organizational withdrawal and protesting activities. Silence can indicate a message or context. From this
viewpoint, silence is something beyond of a passively acceptance. In other word silence is more than to say
nothing.
The main question: What are the affecting factors on organizational silence from perspective of the
administrators of Novin insurance company and how are their ratings? Effectiveness of factors on organizational
silence is determined according to the results presented in Table 3. Because significance level is less than 0.05
and average difference is a negative value for distrust to managers, lack of low to high feedback mechanism,
responsibility or social elusion, and Job inertia variables, they are below average. Preserving positions, group
thinking, organizational policies and structure, and organizational silence variables are above average due to
their significant levels are less than 0.05, and their positive value of difference average. Other variables are in
average due to their significance levels are grater than 0.05. In general, the results of this study showed that
from the perspective of staffs, affecting components and factors on organizational silence are organizational,
groups, individual, and managerial variables, which organizational factors have more influence on
organizational silence.
Organizational silence impact on organizational change and development negatively; since preventing
of negative feedbacks decreases organizations‟ ability of identification and improvement. Impacts of negative
consequences of silence on organizational change and decision making intensify at organizations with high level
of variety of opinions and beliefs. These consequences are the most important barrier in rapidly changing
environments. This study checks effective factors on organizational silence and ranking them at Novin insurance
company. This is consistent with the findings of internal investigations, including Khanifar & et al (2011),
Ahmadi (2012), Zarei Matin, Taheri & Sayyari (2013), Kheiri (2014), Rasteghar and Roozban (2015), afkhami,
Rajabpour and Hashemi (2016 ), Rasteghar and Nouri (2017) and external research at Ashford (1998), Jordan
(1988), Morrison and et al (2000), Pinder And Harlos (2001) , Van Dyne (2003), Vakola & Dimitris (2005),
Detert and et al. (2007), Liu, Wu and Ma (2009), Zuhair and Erdogan , , (2011), Tulubas & Celep, (2012),
Yildiz (2013), ( Karaca, 2013) is consistent .
Explaining the first sub-questions: from perspective of the staffs of Novin insurance company, individual
factors on organizational silence effectiveness. Table 4 , shows that from the perspective of staffs of Novin
insurance company, individual factors had no significant effect on organizational silence. According to the
results presented in Table 4 , the significance level is equal 0.455, and greater than 0.05 which showed that there
is no linear relation between individual factors and organizational silence . This Found With Results Research
Internal From Khanifar & et al (2011), Ahmadi (2012), Zarei Matin, Taheri & Sayyari (2013), Kheiri (2014),
Rasteghar and Roozban (2015), afkhami, Rajabpour and Hashemi (2016 ), Rasteghar and Nouri (2017) and
external research at Ashford (1998), Jordan (1988), Morrison and et al (2000), Pinder and Harlos (2001) , Van
Dyne (2003), Vakola & Dimitris (2005), Detert and et al. (2007), Liu, Wu and Ma (2009), Zuhair and Erdogan
(2011), Tulubas & Celep, (2012), Yildiz (2013), ( Karaca, 2013).
7. Identifying And Ranking The Affecting Factors On Organizational Silence From Staffs’ Perspective
www.ijbmi.org 39 | Page
Explaining the second sub-questions: From Perspective of the staffs of Novin insurance company,
organizational factors have meaningful effect on organizational silence. Table 5 shows that from the perspective
of Novin insurance company individual and organizational factors has a significant impact on organizational
silence. The data in Table 5 shows that the significance level is 0.006 and less than 0.05, which shows that
between organizational factors and organizational silence, there is a linear relationship. The amount of R
implementation of vomit is equal to 0.072 indicates that 07% of changes in the silence of organization By
Organizational factors done. Also, the correlation coefficient of 0.286 shows the changing role of the
organization in silence dependent variable predictive enterprise. This found with results research internal from
Sentence Khanifar & et al (2011), Ahmadi (2012), Zarei Matin, Taheri & Sayyari (2013), Kheiri (2014),
Rasteghar and Roozban (2015), afkhami, Rajabpour and Hashemi (2016 ), Rasteghar and Nouri (2017) and
external research at Ashford (1998), Jordan (1988), Morrison and et al (2000), Pinder And Harlos (2001) , Van
Dyne (2003), Vakola & Dimitris (2005), Detert and et al. (2007), Liu, Wu and Ma (2009), Zuhair and Erdogan
, , (2011), Tulubas & Celep, (2012), Yildiz (2013), ( Karaca, 2013).
Explaining the third sub-question: Group factors have meaningful effect on organizational silence from
perspective of the staffs of Novin insurance company. Table 6 shows that from the perspective of a new
insurance company staff had no significant effect on organizational silence. Also according to the results
presented in Table 6, observed that the significance level is greater than 0.05 and 0.608 showed that among the
group factors And Silence organization there is. This Found With Results Research Internal From Sentence
Khanifar & et al (2011), Ahmadi (2012), Zarei Matin, Taheri & Sayyari (2013), Kheiri (2014), Rasteghar and
Roozban (2015), afkhami, Rajabpour and Hashemi (2016 ), Rasteghar and Nouri (2017) and external research at
Ashford (1998), Jordan (1988), Morrison and et al (2000), Pinder And Harlos (2001) , Van Dyne (2003),
Vakola & Dimitris (2005), Detert and et al. (2007), Liu, Wu and Ma (2009), Zuhair and Erdogan , , (2011),
Tulubas & Celep, (2012), Yildiz (2013), ( Karaca, 2013) in line The Is. TOPSIS multi-criteria decision-
making models were also factors management is of great importance.
Explaining the questions sub- Fourth: From Perspective Staff Novin insurance company Factors Management
On Organizational silence effectiveness are . Table 7 shows that the new insurance company staffs view
management factors had no significant effect on organizational silence. Also according to the results presented
in Table 7, there is a significant level is 0.736 and more than 0.05, which shows that between managerial factors
and organizational silence there is no linear relation. This found with results research internal from Khanifar &
et al (2011), Ahmadi (2012), Zarei Matin, Taheri & Sayyari (2013), Kheiri (2014), Rasteghar and Roozban
(2015), afkhami, Rajabpour and Hashemi (2016 ), Rasteghar and Nouri (2017) and external research at Ashford
(1998), Jordan (1988), Morrison and et al (2000), Pinder And Harlos (2001) , Van Dyne (2003), Vakola &
Dimitris (2005), Detert and et al. (2007), Liu, Wu and Ma (2009), Zuhair and Erdogan , , (2011), Tulubas &
Celep, (2012), Yildiz (2013), ( Karaca, 2013). Managerial factors on organizational silence on the Northern
Electricity Distribution Company of Kerman province. He came to the conclusion that these agents are effective
on organizational silence.
In summary, based on the findings, acknowledged that one of the main topics in the field of human
resources is organizational silence. On the other hand prevent damage from the silence of difficult tasks
managers. Because staffs often believe that when climate of silence prevails in the organization, will be the
opportunity to express their views created it is wasted effort and cost. The hope is to avoid wasting money and
effort undertaken in the organization Issue Case Authorities be given attention and control the effectiveness and
entrepreneurial staff.
At the end regarding to the results of descriptive and to facilitate the effectiveness of the guidelines and
recommendations in order to prevent the occurrence of this phenomenon in the organization are such as:
1. Necessity change at structures traditionally associated with growth due to rapid and wondrous new
technologies
2. And use them to identify the capabilities and advantages of staffs in administrative and decision-making
3. Establish reward systems to increase the participation and creativity among staffs
4. Conducting workshops, public relations and communicate with other staffs and provide constructive
comments and helpful to improve and progress
5. Develop regulations to protect workers and encourage them to provide comments
6. Free tribune system deployment without the least stress and anxiety and the fear of free expression
7. Create job security for staffs, using the knowledge and ability of staffs to favorable changes
8. Reduce organizational focus and delegation of authority to staffs to test their abilities
9. Reducing layers of management and reduce the vertical organizational structure
10. Change in organizational culture in order to achieve a position of learning organizations and organizational
learning.
11. And division of labor groups and bringing their knowledge managers in achieving organizational goals,
identifying and applying appropriate leadership style
8. Identifying And Ranking The Affecting Factors On Organizational Silence From Staffs’ Perspective
www.ijbmi.org 40 | Page
12. Strengthening the participatory management style in the organization
13. Permanent group decision-making and the importance of working groups and committees in organizations
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