"Neuropilin2 is a family of receptor protein involved in endocrine development in Breast and ducts. The bHLH regulates transcription of Neuropilin2 NRP2 of progenitor ductal and endocrine cells to a neurogenesis and neurogen specific transcriptional mechanisms that mediates different signaling pathways. The differentiated genes such as RAB40A, FGFR1, TPM1, NRP2, and CLMN genes regulating the development of islet of endocrine and ductal cells, but the molecular mechanism and classification of gene expression is remain unknown. There are several transcriptional gene mutations may regulate transcription of islet cells of ductal and endocrine regions of the pancreas and intestine that may lead to cancer. However, our knowledge of microarray data analysis methods helps to classify the genes associated with differential and undifferential endocrine lineage, ductal cell and exocrine regions determine neurogenesis and neuron specific signaling pathways. Using Meta analysis of statistical rank correlation algorithm to rank the genes based on gene signatures. The reveal predicts 154 38 genes that were consistently and significantly up regulated 247 62 were down regulated in Breast cancer. Using functional annotation of gene clusters reveals only 47 genes is presumably associated with neuronal development and cell differentiation. Furthermore, this experiment helps to understand candidate genes for novel biomarkers identification, diagnosis and therapeutic approaches to Breast cancer. Dr. Nelson Kennedy Babu | Joe Arun Raja | Vinukumar Luckose | Sajitha Smiley ""Identification of Therapeutic Targets and Biomarker for Breast Cancer using Microarray Data Mining"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | International Conference on Advanced Engineering and Information Technology , November 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd19146.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/data-miining/19146/identification-of-therapeutic-targets-and-biomarker-for-breast-cancer-using-microarray-data-mining/dr-nelson-kennedy-babu-"
1) The document discusses microRNAs (miRNAs) and their role in cancer, including how they regulate key cellular processes and pathways involved in cancer development.
2) miRNAs are generally downregulated in cancer and can be deregulated through various mechanisms that allow cancer cells to escape miRNA-mediated repression.
3) The document explores using circulating miRNAs as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and monitoring treatment response, though more research is still needed to understand their biological functions outside of cells.
This document summarizes research on the disruption of the cyclin D/CDK/INK4/Rb regulatory pathway in human neuroblastoma cell lines. The researchers found that 17 neuroblastoma cell lines highly expressed the CDK inhibitors p16INK4a and p18INK4c, but CDK6 kinase activity and phosphorylated Rb were still detected. One cell line was found to have a mutation in CDK6 that disrupts p16INK4a binding and prevents its inhibition of CDK6, bypassing the cell cycle block. The mechanisms allowing CDK6 activity in the other 16 cell lines despite high p16INK4a levels is unknown.
This document discusses fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) and FGFR inhibitors. It provides details on FGFR signaling pathways and the role of FGFRs in various cancers like urothelial carcinoma, osteosarcoma, and chondrosarcoma. It summarizes a phase 2 clinical trial investigating the FGFR inhibitor erdafitinib in patients with FGFR-altered metastatic or unresectable urothelial carcinoma, finding an objective response rate of 40% and median progression-free and overall survival of 5.5 and 13.8 months respectively. It concludes that FGFR inhibitors show promise for treating cancers driven by FGFR alterations.
Thullberg et al., Ubiquitine degradagetion of p19Minna Thullberg
This document reports on the periodic expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p19INK4d during the cell cycle. The key findings are:
1) The p19INK4d protein level oscillates during the cell cycle, being lowest in G1 phase and peaking in S/G2 phases in both normal and tumor-derived human cells.
2) Unlike other INK4 family members, the oscillation of p19INK4d is determined by ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated degradation, which causes it to have a short half-life of 20-30 minutes.
3) Inhibition of the proteasome stabilizes p19INK4d levels, indicating its degradation is
The document discusses microRNAs (miRNAs) and their dysregulation in cancer. It summarizes a study that identified a miRNA signature associated with prognostic factors and disease progression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients. The signature included upregulated miRNAs such as miR-15a, miR-16-1, and miR-155, and downregulated miRNAs such as miR-29b-2. Genetic variations were also found in miRNA genes of CLL patients.
This study characterized the non-coding RNA landscape in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) using RNA sequencing data from 422 HNSCC patients. 307 non-coding transcripts were found to be significantly correlated with patient survival, associated with mutations in cancer genes like TP53 and CDKN2A, and correlated with copy number variations in chromosomes 3, 5, 7, and 18. Experimental validation of 3 selected non-coding RNAs - lnc-JPH1-7, miR-654-3p, and piR-34736 - found their expression levels associated with tumor stage, HPV status, and other clinical characteristics. Modulation of lnc-JPH1-7 expression in cell lines
Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1(mcp-1)pratikkamu1
This document discusses monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), a chemokine that plays a role as a biomarker in various diseases. MCP-1 is produced by monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. It recruits monocytes and acts through various mechanisms and pathways to influence diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. MCP-1 levels can be used as a marker for conditions like diabetic nephropathy and its role in disease progression and severity makes it a potential target for new drug therapies that block chemokine receptors.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and affect multiple cellular processes. Dysregulation of miRNAs is common in cancer and can impact cancer hallmarks like sustained proliferation, evading growth suppression, resisting cell death, and activating invasion and metastasis. Certain miRNAs are considered oncogenes when their expression is increased in tumors, while others act as tumor suppressors when their expression is decreased. Altered miRNA expression and biogenesis machinery defects contribute to cancer development and progression. miRNAs also show potential as cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
1) The document discusses microRNAs (miRNAs) and their role in cancer, including how they regulate key cellular processes and pathways involved in cancer development.
2) miRNAs are generally downregulated in cancer and can be deregulated through various mechanisms that allow cancer cells to escape miRNA-mediated repression.
3) The document explores using circulating miRNAs as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and monitoring treatment response, though more research is still needed to understand their biological functions outside of cells.
This document summarizes research on the disruption of the cyclin D/CDK/INK4/Rb regulatory pathway in human neuroblastoma cell lines. The researchers found that 17 neuroblastoma cell lines highly expressed the CDK inhibitors p16INK4a and p18INK4c, but CDK6 kinase activity and phosphorylated Rb were still detected. One cell line was found to have a mutation in CDK6 that disrupts p16INK4a binding and prevents its inhibition of CDK6, bypassing the cell cycle block. The mechanisms allowing CDK6 activity in the other 16 cell lines despite high p16INK4a levels is unknown.
This document discusses fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) and FGFR inhibitors. It provides details on FGFR signaling pathways and the role of FGFRs in various cancers like urothelial carcinoma, osteosarcoma, and chondrosarcoma. It summarizes a phase 2 clinical trial investigating the FGFR inhibitor erdafitinib in patients with FGFR-altered metastatic or unresectable urothelial carcinoma, finding an objective response rate of 40% and median progression-free and overall survival of 5.5 and 13.8 months respectively. It concludes that FGFR inhibitors show promise for treating cancers driven by FGFR alterations.
Thullberg et al., Ubiquitine degradagetion of p19Minna Thullberg
This document reports on the periodic expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p19INK4d during the cell cycle. The key findings are:
1) The p19INK4d protein level oscillates during the cell cycle, being lowest in G1 phase and peaking in S/G2 phases in both normal and tumor-derived human cells.
2) Unlike other INK4 family members, the oscillation of p19INK4d is determined by ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated degradation, which causes it to have a short half-life of 20-30 minutes.
3) Inhibition of the proteasome stabilizes p19INK4d levels, indicating its degradation is
The document discusses microRNAs (miRNAs) and their dysregulation in cancer. It summarizes a study that identified a miRNA signature associated with prognostic factors and disease progression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients. The signature included upregulated miRNAs such as miR-15a, miR-16-1, and miR-155, and downregulated miRNAs such as miR-29b-2. Genetic variations were also found in miRNA genes of CLL patients.
This study characterized the non-coding RNA landscape in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) using RNA sequencing data from 422 HNSCC patients. 307 non-coding transcripts were found to be significantly correlated with patient survival, associated with mutations in cancer genes like TP53 and CDKN2A, and correlated with copy number variations in chromosomes 3, 5, 7, and 18. Experimental validation of 3 selected non-coding RNAs - lnc-JPH1-7, miR-654-3p, and piR-34736 - found their expression levels associated with tumor stage, HPV status, and other clinical characteristics. Modulation of lnc-JPH1-7 expression in cell lines
Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1(mcp-1)pratikkamu1
This document discusses monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), a chemokine that plays a role as a biomarker in various diseases. MCP-1 is produced by monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. It recruits monocytes and acts through various mechanisms and pathways to influence diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. MCP-1 levels can be used as a marker for conditions like diabetic nephropathy and its role in disease progression and severity makes it a potential target for new drug therapies that block chemokine receptors.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and affect multiple cellular processes. Dysregulation of miRNAs is common in cancer and can impact cancer hallmarks like sustained proliferation, evading growth suppression, resisting cell death, and activating invasion and metastasis. Certain miRNAs are considered oncogenes when their expression is increased in tumors, while others act as tumor suppressors when their expression is decreased. Altered miRNA expression and biogenesis machinery defects contribute to cancer development and progression. miRNAs also show potential as cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
The document summarizes a study that used the miScript PCR System to profile miRNA expression changes in total RNA samples isolated from FFPE normal and tumor lung tissues. Key points:
1) The miScript PCR System, in conjunction with the miRNeasy FFPE Kit, provides a solution for miRNA expression profiling from archived FFPE samples.
2) The study found significant differences in mature miRNA expression levels between normal and tumor lung tissue, consistent with previous studies.
3) The miRNeasy FFPE Kit efficiently extracts total RNA containing miRNA from FFPE samples, and the miScript PCR System provides highly reproducible results across isolations.
11.06.13 - 2013 NIH Research Festival PosterFarhoud Faraji
The study uses systems genetics to identify a network of co-expressed genes centered on Cnot2 that predicts breast cancer metastasis. Cnot2 overexpression regulates the expression of network genes and modulates metastatic potential in vivo. Small RNA sequencing revealed miR-3470b as an upstream regulator of the Cnot2 network by downregulating its hub genes. miR-3470b promotes a pro-metastatic transcriptional profile and increases metastasis in vivo, demonstrating it plays a key role in regulating the metastatic process.
This study profiled circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in human plasma and serum samples using deep sequencing of small RNA libraries. The researchers detected placental-specific miRNAs in maternal and newborn circulation, quantifying their relative abundance. They also found that sequence variations in placental miRNA profiles could be traced to the specific placenta of origin. This deep sequencing approach provides a comprehensive characterization of the miRNA content in circulation and establishes its potential for biomarker discovery and noninvasive detection of diseases originating from solid tissues like tumors or the placenta during pregnancy.
microRNA discovery and biomarker development in clinical samplesexiqon
The webinar discussed microRNA discovery and biomarker development in clinical samples using LNATM technology. It covered how LNATM probes can overcome challenges in analyzing microRNAs due to their short length and sequence variations. The webinar also presented a case study using LNATM PCR to detect microRNAs in blood plasma as potential biomarkers for early detection of colorectal cancer. Finally, it discussed challenges in normalizing microRNA qPCR data from serum/plasma samples.
This document discusses gene therapy as a promising treatment for breast cancer. It begins by providing background on breast cancer prevalence and current treatment options. It then describes how gene therapy could target mutated genes, cancer cell markers, block metastasis, and induce apoptosis. The document focuses on gene therapy approaches for breast cancer, including using antisense technology to inhibit pathogenic genes, RNA interference to downregulate genes like c-myc, and suicide genes to make cancer cells more sensitive to chemotherapy.
This study investigated the effects of artesunate on drug resistance in lung carcinoma cell lines. The results showed that:
1) Artesunate attenuated the viability of drug-resistant lung carcinoma cell lines A549/DDP and SBC-3/ADM and suppressed the multidrug resistance protein BCRP.
2) Artesunate treatment upregulated miR-493-5p expression and downregulated the target gene BRCA1 in the drug-resistant cell lines.
3) Silencing miR-493-5p reversed the anti-drug resistance effects of artesunate by increasing cell viability and BCRP expression and upregulating the BRCA1 pathway.
The document discusses the central dogma of molecular biology and genetic changes that cause normal cells to become cancerous. It focuses on colorectal cancer, explaining that genetic changes in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes can lead to uncontrolled cell growth. MicroRNAs are also discussed as small, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and are aberrantly expressed in colorectal cancer, influencing metastasis and invasion. Several studies investigating specific microRNAs and their roles in colorectal cancer are summarized. The document concludes by outlining future research directions, including improved detection methods and therapeutic applications of microRNAs.
- miR-449b expression was significantly decreased in human CRC tissues and cell lines compared to normal tissues, and was even lower in metastatic CRC tissues.
- Forced expression of miR-449b in CRC cells significantly inhibited cell migration and invasion in vitro.
- miR-449b was found to negatively regulate MMP2 in CRC cells, and overexpression of MMP2 reversed the inhibitory effects of miR-449b on cell invasion and migration.
The document discusses cell cycle checkpoints which monitor cell growth, DNA replication, and chromosome segregation. It describes the different phases of the cell cycle including interphase and mitosis. Checkpoints at the G1, G2, and M phases are controlled by regulators like cyclins, CDKs, and inhibitors. Dysregulation of cell cycle progression can lead to diseases like cancer. Targeting cell cycle checkpoints and regulators is a potential approach for cancer treatment.
1. Immuno histochemistry is used to detect antigens of interest in tissue sections using antibodies and helps in subtyping cancers of unknown primary, determining prognosis, and guiding personalized treatment.
2. Key markers used in gynecologic cancers include cytokeratins and vimentin to identify epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation, ER and PR to subtype endometrial cancers, and P53 and P16 patterns to distinguish endometrial cancer subtypes.
3. Negative expression of markers like PTEN can also be informative in distinguishing lesions and predicting progression in cancers like endometrial cancer.
The CDKN2A/CDKN2B locus on chromosome 9p21 encodes three tumor suppressor proteins - p16INK4A, p15INK4b, and p14ARF - that regulate the cell cycle and inhibit tumor growth. A long non-coding RNA called ANRIL overlaps this locus and induces epigenetic silencing of CDKN2A/CDKN2B by recruiting polycomb repressive complexes. Genetic variants in ANRIL are associated with increased risk of several diseases by impacting the expression of these tumor suppressors.
This document reports on a study that identified cysteine-rich protein 2 (CRP2) as a new component of breast cancer cell invadopodia that promotes invasion and metastasis. The study found that CRP2 expression is higher in mesenchymal/invasive breast cancer cells and its expression level correlates with increased risk of metastasis in basal-like breast cancer patients. CRP2 was shown to localize to the actin core of invadopodia, where it bundles actin filaments. Knockdown of CRP2 reduced breast cancer cell invasion, matrix degradation, and MMP-9 expression/secretion. Ectopic expression of CRP2 in less invasive cells increased invasion. Depletion of CR
This study performed a genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) tissue samples from 24 Bangladeshi patients. The researchers found a total of 627 differentially methylated loci covering 513 genes when comparing CRC tissue to normal adjacent tissue, with 535 loci covering 465 genes being newly identified. Gene set enrichment analysis showed hypermethylation in CRC of gene sets related to inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity, Rac guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity, regulation of retinoic acid receptor signaling, and estrogen receptor activity. Predictive models based on differentially methylated loci showed potential for CRC diagnosis with around 89% sensitivity and specificity.
microRNA Message to T Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Parisa Naji
This document discusses microRNAs (miRNAs) and their roles in the development and pathogenesis of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). It provides information on key miRNAs that are aberrantly expressed in T-ALL and regulate critical oncogenic signaling pathways and tumor suppressor genes. In particular, it describes the miR-30 family as being tumor suppressive in T-ALL through direct targeting of NOTCH1 and NOTCH2, and discusses a regulatory loop between MYC, miR-30a, and NOTCH signaling. It indicates that miR-30a overexpression inhibits T-ALL cell growth and suppresses MYC expression.
This document discusses a study analyzing the distribution of promoter hypermethylation of the p16 gene in male and female colorectal cancer patients in Kashmir, India. The study found different p16 promoter hypermethylation profiles in male and female patients, with occurrence being more frequent in males than females, though not statistically significant. Promoter hypermethylation of p16 was significantly associated with colorectal cancer in both sexes. The study aimed to contribute to understanding the role of epigenetic changes in colorectal cancer development and progression.
This document discusses microRNAs (miRNAs) and methods for studying their function and regulation of genes. It describes:
1) What miRNAs are, how they work by incorporating into the RISC complex and repressing target mRNAs through translational repression or degradation.
2) Techniques for manipulating miRNAs in cell lines using reporter assays, mimics, inhibitors and target protectors to study their effects on genes.
3) How to screen for miRNAs that regulate a target gene using ready-made cDNA panels and quantitative PCR. Several examples are provided of identifying miRNAs that regulate important cancer genes.
This document is an agenda for a webinar on profiling miRNA expression in cells, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples, and serum. The webinar will provide an introduction to miRNAs and disease, discuss sample preparation options for different sample types, and describe the miScript PCR System for profiling miRNA expression. The speaker, Jonathan Shaffer, will summarize the miScript PCR System and take questions at the end of the webinar.
Audio and slides for this presentation are available on YouTube: http://youtu.be/e_KVYJX2GTs
Have you ever wondered about your genetic predisposition to cancer? How cancer evolves in families? Or how cancer cells differ from normal cells in your body? Join Judy Garber, MD, MPH, director of the Center for Cancer Genetics and Prevention at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, as she explores the basics of cancer genetics, DNA mutations, genetic screening, management, and more.
1. The study investigates the relationship between the BRAF and ERK3 proteins in melanoma. Knocking down BRAF decreases ERK3 expression at both the protein and mRNA levels, indicating BRAF regulates ERK3.
2. Overexpression of the mutated BRAF V600E protein increases ERK3 protein levels more than wild type BRAF.
3. Knocking down ERK3 in melanoma cell lines increases their migration in functional assays, suggesting ERK3 normally suppresses migration.
This study aims to assess the association of BCL-2 expression with glandular and stromal cells in non-neoplastic endometrial pathology. The study will retrospectively analyze 96 biopsy-proven cases of benign endometrial conditions via immunohistochemistry for BCL-2 expression. BCL-2 staining will be semiquantitatively scored and correlated with histopathological findings. Understanding BCL-2's role in non-neoplastic endometrial pathology could provide insights into pathogenesis and inform management approaches for these conditions.
LncRNA WARS2-IT1 Functions as an Oncogene and is Associated with Poor Outcome...semualkaira
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most common malignant brain tumors in adults and has high mortality and relapse rates. Over the past few years, great advances have been made in the diagnosis and treatment of GBM, but unfortunately, the five-year overall survival rate of GBM patients is approximately 5.1%. Our study aimed to investigate the new mechanism of Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) WARS2-IT1 regulate the malignant progression of Glioblastoma.
The document summarizes a study that used the miScript PCR System to profile miRNA expression changes in total RNA samples isolated from FFPE normal and tumor lung tissues. Key points:
1) The miScript PCR System, in conjunction with the miRNeasy FFPE Kit, provides a solution for miRNA expression profiling from archived FFPE samples.
2) The study found significant differences in mature miRNA expression levels between normal and tumor lung tissue, consistent with previous studies.
3) The miRNeasy FFPE Kit efficiently extracts total RNA containing miRNA from FFPE samples, and the miScript PCR System provides highly reproducible results across isolations.
11.06.13 - 2013 NIH Research Festival PosterFarhoud Faraji
The study uses systems genetics to identify a network of co-expressed genes centered on Cnot2 that predicts breast cancer metastasis. Cnot2 overexpression regulates the expression of network genes and modulates metastatic potential in vivo. Small RNA sequencing revealed miR-3470b as an upstream regulator of the Cnot2 network by downregulating its hub genes. miR-3470b promotes a pro-metastatic transcriptional profile and increases metastasis in vivo, demonstrating it plays a key role in regulating the metastatic process.
This study profiled circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in human plasma and serum samples using deep sequencing of small RNA libraries. The researchers detected placental-specific miRNAs in maternal and newborn circulation, quantifying their relative abundance. They also found that sequence variations in placental miRNA profiles could be traced to the specific placenta of origin. This deep sequencing approach provides a comprehensive characterization of the miRNA content in circulation and establishes its potential for biomarker discovery and noninvasive detection of diseases originating from solid tissues like tumors or the placenta during pregnancy.
microRNA discovery and biomarker development in clinical samplesexiqon
The webinar discussed microRNA discovery and biomarker development in clinical samples using LNATM technology. It covered how LNATM probes can overcome challenges in analyzing microRNAs due to their short length and sequence variations. The webinar also presented a case study using LNATM PCR to detect microRNAs in blood plasma as potential biomarkers for early detection of colorectal cancer. Finally, it discussed challenges in normalizing microRNA qPCR data from serum/plasma samples.
This document discusses gene therapy as a promising treatment for breast cancer. It begins by providing background on breast cancer prevalence and current treatment options. It then describes how gene therapy could target mutated genes, cancer cell markers, block metastasis, and induce apoptosis. The document focuses on gene therapy approaches for breast cancer, including using antisense technology to inhibit pathogenic genes, RNA interference to downregulate genes like c-myc, and suicide genes to make cancer cells more sensitive to chemotherapy.
This study investigated the effects of artesunate on drug resistance in lung carcinoma cell lines. The results showed that:
1) Artesunate attenuated the viability of drug-resistant lung carcinoma cell lines A549/DDP and SBC-3/ADM and suppressed the multidrug resistance protein BCRP.
2) Artesunate treatment upregulated miR-493-5p expression and downregulated the target gene BRCA1 in the drug-resistant cell lines.
3) Silencing miR-493-5p reversed the anti-drug resistance effects of artesunate by increasing cell viability and BCRP expression and upregulating the BRCA1 pathway.
The document discusses the central dogma of molecular biology and genetic changes that cause normal cells to become cancerous. It focuses on colorectal cancer, explaining that genetic changes in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes can lead to uncontrolled cell growth. MicroRNAs are also discussed as small, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and are aberrantly expressed in colorectal cancer, influencing metastasis and invasion. Several studies investigating specific microRNAs and their roles in colorectal cancer are summarized. The document concludes by outlining future research directions, including improved detection methods and therapeutic applications of microRNAs.
- miR-449b expression was significantly decreased in human CRC tissues and cell lines compared to normal tissues, and was even lower in metastatic CRC tissues.
- Forced expression of miR-449b in CRC cells significantly inhibited cell migration and invasion in vitro.
- miR-449b was found to negatively regulate MMP2 in CRC cells, and overexpression of MMP2 reversed the inhibitory effects of miR-449b on cell invasion and migration.
The document discusses cell cycle checkpoints which monitor cell growth, DNA replication, and chromosome segregation. It describes the different phases of the cell cycle including interphase and mitosis. Checkpoints at the G1, G2, and M phases are controlled by regulators like cyclins, CDKs, and inhibitors. Dysregulation of cell cycle progression can lead to diseases like cancer. Targeting cell cycle checkpoints and regulators is a potential approach for cancer treatment.
1. Immuno histochemistry is used to detect antigens of interest in tissue sections using antibodies and helps in subtyping cancers of unknown primary, determining prognosis, and guiding personalized treatment.
2. Key markers used in gynecologic cancers include cytokeratins and vimentin to identify epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation, ER and PR to subtype endometrial cancers, and P53 and P16 patterns to distinguish endometrial cancer subtypes.
3. Negative expression of markers like PTEN can also be informative in distinguishing lesions and predicting progression in cancers like endometrial cancer.
The CDKN2A/CDKN2B locus on chromosome 9p21 encodes three tumor suppressor proteins - p16INK4A, p15INK4b, and p14ARF - that regulate the cell cycle and inhibit tumor growth. A long non-coding RNA called ANRIL overlaps this locus and induces epigenetic silencing of CDKN2A/CDKN2B by recruiting polycomb repressive complexes. Genetic variants in ANRIL are associated with increased risk of several diseases by impacting the expression of these tumor suppressors.
This document reports on a study that identified cysteine-rich protein 2 (CRP2) as a new component of breast cancer cell invadopodia that promotes invasion and metastasis. The study found that CRP2 expression is higher in mesenchymal/invasive breast cancer cells and its expression level correlates with increased risk of metastasis in basal-like breast cancer patients. CRP2 was shown to localize to the actin core of invadopodia, where it bundles actin filaments. Knockdown of CRP2 reduced breast cancer cell invasion, matrix degradation, and MMP-9 expression/secretion. Ectopic expression of CRP2 in less invasive cells increased invasion. Depletion of CR
This study performed a genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) tissue samples from 24 Bangladeshi patients. The researchers found a total of 627 differentially methylated loci covering 513 genes when comparing CRC tissue to normal adjacent tissue, with 535 loci covering 465 genes being newly identified. Gene set enrichment analysis showed hypermethylation in CRC of gene sets related to inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity, Rac guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity, regulation of retinoic acid receptor signaling, and estrogen receptor activity. Predictive models based on differentially methylated loci showed potential for CRC diagnosis with around 89% sensitivity and specificity.
microRNA Message to T Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Parisa Naji
This document discusses microRNAs (miRNAs) and their roles in the development and pathogenesis of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). It provides information on key miRNAs that are aberrantly expressed in T-ALL and regulate critical oncogenic signaling pathways and tumor suppressor genes. In particular, it describes the miR-30 family as being tumor suppressive in T-ALL through direct targeting of NOTCH1 and NOTCH2, and discusses a regulatory loop between MYC, miR-30a, and NOTCH signaling. It indicates that miR-30a overexpression inhibits T-ALL cell growth and suppresses MYC expression.
This document discusses a study analyzing the distribution of promoter hypermethylation of the p16 gene in male and female colorectal cancer patients in Kashmir, India. The study found different p16 promoter hypermethylation profiles in male and female patients, with occurrence being more frequent in males than females, though not statistically significant. Promoter hypermethylation of p16 was significantly associated with colorectal cancer in both sexes. The study aimed to contribute to understanding the role of epigenetic changes in colorectal cancer development and progression.
This document discusses microRNAs (miRNAs) and methods for studying their function and regulation of genes. It describes:
1) What miRNAs are, how they work by incorporating into the RISC complex and repressing target mRNAs through translational repression or degradation.
2) Techniques for manipulating miRNAs in cell lines using reporter assays, mimics, inhibitors and target protectors to study their effects on genes.
3) How to screen for miRNAs that regulate a target gene using ready-made cDNA panels and quantitative PCR. Several examples are provided of identifying miRNAs that regulate important cancer genes.
This document is an agenda for a webinar on profiling miRNA expression in cells, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples, and serum. The webinar will provide an introduction to miRNAs and disease, discuss sample preparation options for different sample types, and describe the miScript PCR System for profiling miRNA expression. The speaker, Jonathan Shaffer, will summarize the miScript PCR System and take questions at the end of the webinar.
Audio and slides for this presentation are available on YouTube: http://youtu.be/e_KVYJX2GTs
Have you ever wondered about your genetic predisposition to cancer? How cancer evolves in families? Or how cancer cells differ from normal cells in your body? Join Judy Garber, MD, MPH, director of the Center for Cancer Genetics and Prevention at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, as she explores the basics of cancer genetics, DNA mutations, genetic screening, management, and more.
1. The study investigates the relationship between the BRAF and ERK3 proteins in melanoma. Knocking down BRAF decreases ERK3 expression at both the protein and mRNA levels, indicating BRAF regulates ERK3.
2. Overexpression of the mutated BRAF V600E protein increases ERK3 protein levels more than wild type BRAF.
3. Knocking down ERK3 in melanoma cell lines increases their migration in functional assays, suggesting ERK3 normally suppresses migration.
This study aims to assess the association of BCL-2 expression with glandular and stromal cells in non-neoplastic endometrial pathology. The study will retrospectively analyze 96 biopsy-proven cases of benign endometrial conditions via immunohistochemistry for BCL-2 expression. BCL-2 staining will be semiquantitatively scored and correlated with histopathological findings. Understanding BCL-2's role in non-neoplastic endometrial pathology could provide insights into pathogenesis and inform management approaches for these conditions.
LncRNA WARS2-IT1 Functions as an Oncogene and is Associated with Poor Outcome...semualkaira
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most common malignant brain tumors in adults and has high mortality and relapse rates. Over the past few years, great advances have been made in the diagnosis and treatment of GBM, but unfortunately, the five-year overall survival rate of GBM patients is approximately 5.1%. Our study aimed to investigate the new mechanism of Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) WARS2-IT1 regulate the malignant progression of Glioblastoma.
LncRNA WARS2-IT1 Functions as an Oncogene and is Associated with Poor Outcome...semualkaira
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most common malignant brain tumors in adults and has high mortality and relapse rates. Over the past few years, great advances have been made in the diagnosis and treatment of GBM, but unfortunately, the five-year overall survival rate of GBM patients is approximately 5.1%. Our study aimed to investigate the new mechanism of Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) WARS2-IT1 regulate the malignant progression of Glioblastoma.
LncRNA WARS2-IT1 Functions as an Oncogene and is Associated with Poor Outcome...semualkaira
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most common malignant brain tumors in adults and has high mortality and relapse rates. Over the past few years, great advances have been made in the diagnosis and treatment of GBM, but unfortunately, the five-year overall survival rate of GBM patients is approximately 5.1%. Our study aimed to investigate the new mechanism of Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) WARS2-IT1 regulate the malignant progression of Glioblastoma.
The central dogma of genetics describes how DNA is transcribed into RNA and then translated into proteins. RNA is divided into messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA. MicroRNAs help regulate gene expression and can provide information about cell types like stem cells versus cancer cells. A study found that while fat cell levels of the protein PPAR gamma varied, levels of steroid receptor coactivators SRC-2 and SRC-3 remained stable, and these coactivators control PPAR gamma activity to regulate fat accumulation. Identifying compounds targeting the SRC-PPAR gamma interaction could provide alternative diabetes therapies.
Deadenylase Expression in Small Cell Lung Cancer Related To Clinical Characte...JohnJulie1
Lung cancer is the second common malignancy and the most aggressive cancer worldwide with late diagnosis and poor prognosis. The search for biomarkers that promote early diagnosis and improve therapeutic strategies focuses to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying cancer development and progression. The deregulation of gene expression is one of the cancer hallmarks reflected to the stability...
Deadenylase Expression in Small Cell Lung Cancer Related To Clinical Characte...AnonIshanvi
Lung cancer is the second common malignancy and the most aggressive cancer worldwide with late diagnosis and poor prognosis. The search for biomarkers that promote early diagnosis and improve therapeutic strategies focuses to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying cancer development and progression
Deadenylase Expression in Small Cell Lung Cancer Related To Clinical Characte...daranisaha
Lung cancer is the second common malignancy and the most aggressive cancer worldwide with late diagnosis and poor prognosis. The search for biomarkers that promote early diagnosis and improve therapeutic strategies focuses to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying cancer development and progression. The deregulation of gene expression is one of the cancer hallmarks reflected to the stability...
Deadenylase Expression in Small Cell Lung Cancer Related To Clinical Characte...EditorSara
Lung cancer is the second common malignancy and the most aggressive cancer worldwide with late diagnosis and poor prognosis. The search for biomarkers that promote early diagnosis and improve therapeutic strategies focuses to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying cancer development and progression. The deregulation of gene expression is one of the cancer hallmarks reflected to the stability..
Deadenylase Expression in Small Cell Lung Cancer Related To Clinical Characte...semualkaira
Lung cancer is the second common malignancy and the most aggressive cancer worldwide with late diagnosis and poor prognosis. The search for biomarkers that promote early diagnosis and improve therapeutic strategies focuses to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying cancer development and progression. The deregulation of gene expression is one of the cancer hallmarks reflected to the stability..
Deadenylase Expression in Small Cell Lung Cancer Related To Clinical Characte...semualkaira
Lung cancer is the second common malignancy and the most aggressive cancer worldwide with late diagnosis and poor prognosis. The search for biomarkers that promote early diagnosis and improve therapeutic strategies focuses to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying cancer development and progression. The deregulation of gene expression is one of the cancer hallmarks reflected to the stability...
Deadenylase Expression in Small Cell Lung Cancer Related To Clinical Characte...NainaAnon
This study examined the expression levels of deadenylases in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) clinical samples and their correlation to patient clinical characteristics and survival. Real-time PCR analysis found that the deadenylases PARN, CNOT6, CNOT7, and NOC were differentially expressed between malignant and normal lung tissue samples. Higher expression levels of PARN, CNOT6, and CNOT7 correlated with older patient age and decreased overall survival of 180 days or less. The results suggest these deadenylases may serve as prognostic biomarkers for SCLC patient outcomes.
This document summarizes a study exploring the effects of baicalein (BAI) on bladder cancer cells. The study found that BAI inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis in bladder cancer cells. It also inhibits bladder cancer cell migration by down-regulating microRNA (miR)-106 expression. Specifically, BAI affects bladder cancer cells by inhibiting the JNK and MEK/ERK pathways through reducing miR-106 levels. P21 was also identified as a target of miR-106. The study utilized techniques like transfection, PCR, western blot analysis, and cell migration assays to analyze these regulatory mechanisms and effects of BAI on bladder cancer cells.
Role of notch signalling in deveopment, cancer development and its detailed cancer cell line study for purpose of detailed targetted molecular therapeutics
Molecular biology of oral cancer
The document discusses the molecular basis of oral cancer through three main points:
1) It describes common genetic alterations in oral cancer such as overexpression of oncogenes like EGFR and mutations in tumor suppressor genes like p53.
2) It explains how alterations in proto-oncogenes and oncogenes lead to uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation through signaling pathways and transcription factors.
3) It discusses how defects in DNA repair genes can cause genomic instability, a hallmark of cancer, through increased mutations that evade cell cycle checkpoints and apoptosis.
This document describes a study investigating the role of the protein Morgana in breast cancer metastasis. The study found that knocking down Morgana impaired migration, invasion, and metastasis of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, Morgana was found to increase the transcriptional activity of NF-κB, leading to increased expression of metastasis-promoting genes like MMP-9. Overexpressing Morgana had the opposite effect of increasing NF-κB target gene expression. Therefore, Morgana appears to promote breast cancer metastasis by activating the NF-κB pathway and increasing expression of pro-metastatic genes.
1) The study examined gene expression in primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) cells cultured on soft polyacrylamide (PAA) hydrogel plates, which mimic brain tissue elasticity, versus standard polystyrene (PS) plates.
2) Microarray analysis found more genes were downregulated in PNET cells grown on PAA compared to PS, suggesting the soft tissue-like elasticity influences gene expression.
3) Bioinformatic analysis predicted increased microRNA (miRNA) binding sites in the downregulated genes on PAA, supporting the hypothesis that tissue elasticity regulates miRNA expression, which in turn impacts gene expression.
1) The study cultured primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) stem cells on soft polyacrylamide hydrogel plates that mimic brain tissue elasticity and compared gene expression to cells cultured on standard polystyrene plates.
2) Microarray analysis found more genes were downregulated on the soft hydrogel plates, suggesting tissue elasticity influences microRNA expression and gene silencing.
3) Bioinformatic analysis identified specific microRNA binding sites enriched on the soft plates, supporting the hypothesis that tissue elasticity regulates microRNA expression and downstream gene expression.
Identification of the Enrichment Pathways of Catalase in Multiple Primary Tumorsdaranisaha
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been detected in almost all cancers, which it involves many aspects of carcinogenesis and tumor progression. We previously reported a novel oncogenic role of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD; SOD2) in invasive lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) by upregulating forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) expression. In this study, we used a comprehensive analysis and further evaluated the effects of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenger, catalase (CAT) in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets of the different cancer types.
Similar to Identification of Therapeutic Targets and Biomarker for Breast Cancer using Microarray Data Mining (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
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Macroeconomics- Movie Location
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Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
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at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
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বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Identification of Therapeutic Targets and Biomarker for Breast Cancer using Microarray Data Mining
1. @ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Special Issue Publication | November 2018
ISSN No: 2456
International Journal of Trend in Scientific
Research and Development (IJTSRD)
International Conference on Advanced Engineering
and Information Technology (ICAEIT
Identification of Therap
Breast Cancer u
Dr. Nelson Kennedy Babu
Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan College of
Engineering, Coimbatore, India
Joe Arun Raja
Subbalakshmi Lakshmipathy College of
Science, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India
ABSTRACT
Neuropilin2 is a family of receptor protein involved in
endocrine development in Breast and ducts. The
bHLH regulates transcription of Neuropilin2 (NRP2)
of progenitor ductal and endocrine cells to a
neurogenesis and neurogen specific transcriptional
mechanisms that mediates different signaling
pathways. The differentiated genes such as RAB40A,
FGFR1, TPM1, NRP2, and CLMN genes regulating
the development of islet of endocrine and ductal cells,
but the molecular mechanism and classification of
gene expression is remain unknown. There are several
transcriptional gene mutations may regulate
transcription of islet cells of ductal and endocrine
regions of the pancreas and intestine that may lead to
cancer. However, our knowledge of microarray data
analysis methods helps to classify the genes
associated with differential and undifferential
endocrine lineage, ductal cell and exocrine regions
determine neurogenesis and neuron specific s
pathways. Using Meta analysis of statistical rank
correlation algorithm to rank the genes based on gene
signatures. The reveal predicts 154 (38%) genes that
were consistently and significantly up regulated 247
(62%) were down regulated in Breast c
functional annotation of gene clusters reveals only 47
genes is presumably associated with neuronal
development and cell differentiation.
this experiment helps to understand candidate
for novel biomarkers identification, dia
therapeutic approaches to Breast cancer.
Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Special Issue Publication | November 2018
ISSN No: 2456 - 6470 | www.ijtsrd.com | Special Issue Publication
International Journal of Trend in Scientific
Research and Development (IJTSRD)
International Conference on Advanced Engineering
and Information Technology (ICAEIT-2017)
f Therapeutic Targets and Biomarker for
Cancer using Microarray Data Mining
Dr. Nelson Kennedy Babu
Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan College of
India
Subbalakshmi Lakshmipathy College of
Science, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India
Vinukumar Luckose
Nilai University, Nilai,
Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia,
Sajitha Smiley
Linton University College,
Mantin, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
Neuropilin2 is a family of receptor protein involved in
endocrine development in Breast and ducts. The
bHLH regulates transcription of Neuropilin2 (NRP2)
and endocrine cells to a
neurogenesis and neurogen specific transcriptional
mechanisms that mediates different signaling
pathways. The differentiated genes such as RAB40A,
FGFR1, TPM1, NRP2, and CLMN genes regulating
and ductal cells,
but the molecular mechanism and classification of
gene expression is remain unknown. There are several
transcriptional gene mutations may regulate
transcription of islet cells of ductal and endocrine
that may lead to
cancer. However, our knowledge of microarray data
analysis methods helps to classify the genes
associated with differential and undifferential
endocrine lineage, ductal cell and exocrine regions
determine neurogenesis and neuron specific signaling
pathways. Using Meta analysis of statistical rank
correlation algorithm to rank the genes based on gene
signatures. The reveal predicts 154 (38%) genes that
were consistently and significantly up regulated 247
(62%) were down regulated in Breast cancer. Using
functional annotation of gene clusters reveals only 47
genes is presumably associated with neuronal
Furthermore,
candidate genes
biomarkers identification, diagnosis and
therapeutic approaches to Breast cancer.
Keywords: Breast cancer, NRP2, gene expression
data mining, Meta Analysis, Microarray, Neuropilin,
Neuronal development, biomarker
1. INTRODUCTION
Breast cancer (BC) is the fourth leading cause of
cancer deaths [1] among women, being responsible
for 6% of all cancer-related deaths and it is very
difficult to diagnose in its early stages. At the time of
diagnosis, 26% have survival
21.5% of survival rate has been recorded [2]. With
non-specific symptoms 90% of patients are diagnosed
for surgery in advanced stage. Prior to this study,
nearly 95% of BC is associated with hereditary factors
that may greater risk of BC [3].
BC stems from its tendency to rapidly spread
lymphatic system and distant organs. There are
various types of Breast cancer include 78% are ductal
carcinomas of the ductal epithelium. Only 5% of
tumors of the breast are benign.
In most patients, the BC is observed in both exocrine
and endocrine regions, however the biological
phenomenon shows the exocrine region release
insulin- producing beta cells during embryogensis and
endocrine region regulates glucose tolerance [4]. The
pathological association of diabetes in
and Breast cancer is in the endocrine region [5,6].
During the development of progenitor cells, which
express specific genes Foxa1, Foxa2, Pdx1, Pbx1,
Hes1, Ptf1a, Ngn3, HNF6, Pax4, NeuroD1, Nkx2.2
and Sox9, give escalate to express in both the ductal,
Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Special Issue Publication | November 2018 P - 228
Special Issue Publication
International Conference on Advanced Engineering
eutic Targets and Biomarker for
sing Microarray Data Mining
Vinukumar Luckose
Nilai University, Nilai,
Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia,
Sajitha Smiley
Linton University College,
Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
Breast cancer, NRP2, gene expression
data mining, Meta Analysis, Microarray, Neuropilin,
Neuronal development, biomarker
Breast cancer (BC) is the fourth leading cause of
deaths [1] among women, being responsible
related deaths and it is very
difficult to diagnose in its early stages. At the time of
26% have survival rate, past 5 years only
of survival rate has been recorded [2]. With
specific symptoms 90% of patients are diagnosed
for surgery in advanced stage. Prior to this study,
nearly 95% of BC is associated with hereditary factors
[3]. The deadly nature of
its tendency to rapidly spread to the
lymphatic system and distant organs. There are
various types of Breast cancer include 78% are ductal
carcinomas of the ductal epithelium. Only 5% of
tumors of the breast are benign.
In most patients, the BC is observed in both exocrine
ne regions, however the biological
phenomenon shows the exocrine region release
producing beta cells during embryogensis and
endocrine region regulates glucose tolerance [4]. The
of diabetes in exocrine region
cancer is in the endocrine region [5,6].
During the development of progenitor cells, which
genes Foxa1, Foxa2, Pdx1, Pbx1,
Hes1, Ptf1a, Ngn3, HNF6, Pax4, NeuroD1, Nkx2.2
and Sox9, give escalate to express in both the ductal,
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) | ISSN: 2456-647
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Special Issue Publication | November 2018 P - 229
exocrine and endocrine Breast cell development [7].
In cell division, the inactivation of genes that may
transcription ally regulate embryogenesis of neuronal
cells it may leads to cancer [8]. The Neuropilin2
(NRP2) controls a complex of gene regulatory
transcriptional networks in endocrine progenitor cells
which regulate insulin secreting islets of Langerhans
[9]. The relationship of exocrine and endocrine
development of multi potent intracellular genes that
may limit the expression during precursors of ductal
polypeptide producing cells.
The experimental results suggest that there are other
transcriptional signaling pathways play important
regulatory roles during BC development and the
molecular mechanism are unknown. There are various
techniques to comprehend the mechanism of
molecular and genes responsibility for intra cellular
signaling pathways. Using gene expression program
determines the characterization of NRP2-mediated
duct and endocrine cell mediated signaling pathways.
The studies generated large set of adenoviruses
expressing NRP1 and NRP2 of genome wide mRNa
profiling data is revealed the expression analysis to
reprogram ngn3 expression on Breast cancer gene
analysis [11].
The objective of the study is to understand the disease
etiology of novel candidate gene expression in disease
progression, cell cycle, neuronal development and cell
differentiation. We used gene expression dataset to
understand the characteristic NRP-2 mediated mRNA
profiling within duct, exocrine and endocrine cell
functional genes that may involved in BC and
diabetes mellitus. We evaluate the transcriptional
regulation of genes that may involved in expression
with β-islets within endoderm, that may helps to
synthesize insulin, neuronal development mediated
gene signaling networks that may helps to synthesize
neuronal cells to form interconnection between
mammary alveoli and ducts. In these we temporarily
targets NRP-2 induced Breast with β-islets within
endocrine cells, the genes that differentially expressed
in both drug targets and disease conditions are
typically predicts for molecular biomarkers. The
biomarkers helps to identify the genes associated with
neuronal cell development of pancreas along with
other types of diseases also.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1 Disease dataset selection
The data used in this study is publicly available from
Gene expression Ominibus (GEO) database (GEO
dataset: GSE67301) [11]. The dataset contains 37
breast tissue samples were collected under ultrasound
guidance from patients with stage three breast cancer
before four cycles of whole breast hyperthermia. Gene
expression analysis was done using Affymetrix U133
Plus 2.0 Gene Chip arrays.
The advantage of using this data is to understand the
expression of NRP2 mediated human duct cells is
recombinant with adenovirus and the induction of
NRP2 expressions with different time intervals. The
different time intervals is helps to predict the
differential expression of NRP2 in duct, endocrine
and exocrine cell differentiation in breast.
2.2 Normalization of gene expression dataset
The dataset is from a gene expression levels of Breast
cancer samples from homosapiens, the details of study
is given in Cao et.al (2012). The dataset contains 7
controls of human ductal cells is transfected with
AdGFP control vector biological samples and 7
treated human duct cell after transduction with Ad-
NRP2-GFP vectors in 3, 14 and 20 days time series.
The samples is labeled with Cy3 (green dye) of
control and Cy5 (red dye) of treated samples is
hybridized with Affymetrix HG133A samples.
However, the preprocessing and normalization
procedures is implemented using Bioconductor
packages [12] to remove systematic variance and
prepare datasets for further analysis.
The preprocessing of raw data using bioconductor
tools to make over statistical metrics to predict quality
of outlier data. The GCRMA (Gene-Chip Robust
Multiarray Average) [13] algorithm include noise and
non-specific binding (NSB) data calculation to
optimize background intensities that adjust probe
intensities to expression measurements and the
normalized data is summarized using Robust
Microarray Analysis (RMA) algorithm [14]. The raw
signal intensities of randomly retained datasets are in
position of the PM and MM for every probe pairs, the
MM probes introduces more background noise on a
raw intensity scale to correct for NSB. The log2
transformation of two-color arrays convert data to a
linear scale value of each background corrected PM
probe is obtained and these values are normalized
using Q function. The RMA and GCRMA packages
helps for only PM signals of background corrections.
Thus the normalization techniques used only for
conjunction with (pmonly) PM correction method.
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) | ISSN: 2456-647
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Special Issue Publication | November 2018 P - 230
We used Li-Wong procedure to normalize arrays
using invariant set of genes and then fit probe set data
to parametric model [15].
Differential gene expression of NRP2 in Breast data
After normalization and preprocessing the resultant
data is used for statistical analysis to predict the
differential gene expression. Clustering algorithms
such as hierarchical [16] and K-means clustering [17]
or self- organizing maps (SOM)[18] used to generate
partial solutions of single factors. Hiearchical
clustering specifically describes the differential gene
expression based on distance matrix are connected by
a series of branches (clustering tree or dendrogram).
This method helps to classify gene expression
analysis of complete linkage outforms. K-means
clustering algorithm predicts the best fitting between
clusters and their representation using a predefined
number of clusters. The prototype of randomly
selected datasets of lowest dissimilarity and represents
smallest cluster variance.
2.3 Evaluation of functional Annotation
The clustering data of functional data is used for GO
annotation of the genes extracted from Affymetrix
HG133A annotation file. The Database for
Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery
(DAVID) Gene Functional Classification Tool (http://
david.abcc. ncifcrf.gov) [19] used to identify list of
genes associated with biological terms into organized
classes. The organizes of significant genes shared
specific terms by <5% of the genes paired with
common GO terms that functionally related. Genome
enrichment analysis is predicted using Gorilla
(http://cbl-gorilla.cs. technion.ac.il/) [20] to get gene
rank list.
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Experimental analysis of NRP2 over
expression in Breast cell lines
How NRP2 is expressed differentially in both
exocrine, endocrine and ductal cells. We performed
an expression analysis of 14 datasets of NRP2
mediated reprogrammed datasets is annotated with
Affymetrix Human Genome U133A of adult Breast
duct cells of expression datasets. The isolates of
NRP2 deficient Breast duct cells that are abundant
expression in islet endocrine and neural tissues. There
are 14 experimental datasets of control vectors of
mRNA transcriptional gene factors data of 3, 14 and
20 days is compared with NRP2 expression of NRP2
cell cultures of datasets from GEO database. The
transcripts of differentially regulated NRP2 are
unpaired with P<0.05 of up and down regulations is
calculated using R and Bio Conductor.
The differentially expressed dataset contains 22285
genes, the preprocessing and normalization is carried
out using simple affy statistical software package to
calculate thresholds of raw data. The normalization of
expression values is calculated using RMA is close
with GCRMA of standard processing of expression
values, the differential gene expression of dataset is
treated with NRP2 expression array of treated datasets
is presented in principal component analysis (PCA) of
3, 14 and 20 days datasets from both early and late
stage of gene expression (Figure:1). The incremental
analysis of repeated genes across independent datasets
is biologically active that filtering out differentially.
We determine the differential expressions of Breast
cancer genes were independently classified. Using
fold change (FC) cutoff of 14 independent datasets
and a FDR-corrected P-values (P<0.05) of 15410
genes were filtered from background corrections.
Using functional enrichment and gene ontology to
classified 11721 genes were differentially expressed
in overall dataset. The Pearson's Correlation
coefficient of hierarchical clustering shows the
differentially expressed genes is aligned based on
Euclidean distance. The highly significant Euclidean
distance with poor correlations did not show
statistically significance with correlations of series of
outcomes (fig 2). A set of 400 differentially expressed
genes of significant (P <0.05) thresholds of well
defined clusters is used for linkage analysis.
Figure1. Principle component analysis of 14 datasets
including NRP2 data analysis
4. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) | ISSN: 2456-647
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Special Issue Publication | November 2018 P - 231
3.2 Identification of up regulated genes
We used genet Classifier to classify significant genes
of differential expression at <0.95 threshold shows
182 up regulated, 229 down regulated. The initial
screening is carried out with all pairwise z-vlues
associated with significant correlation of up regulated
and down regulated datasets. Using false positive
prediction of 46 gene ranks were up regulated at two
folds, 65 genes are also significantly expressed in
precisely explained Breast cancer (fig: 3a, 3b).
Supplementary Table 1 provides the up regulated and
down regulated genes have well established and
significantly associated with lack of neuronal cell
development in Breast cell development. Some well
known genes include RAB40A,FGFR1,TPM1,NRP2,
and CLMN genes is down regulated in Breast duct,
endocrine and exocrince cells and is less effective to
synthesize neuronal cell development and
differentiation into insulin production. Hence, these
genes is potential targets to Breast cancer.
RAB40A,FGFR1,TPM1,NRP2, and CLMN genes is
significantly down regulated genes in Breast cancer
on neuronal cell development, but these genes directly
associated with other types of cancer such as
pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer and other cancer
types.
Figure2. Hierarchical clustering of 400 differentially
expressed significant genes predicted with p<0.05
threshold.
Figure3a. Differential expression of case and control
dataset genes were predicted with significance of
<0.05 threshold.
Figure3b. Differential expression of both commonly
associated biomarker genes is predicted with
significance of <0.05 threshold.
3.3 Functional analysis of NRP2 associated
significant genes
We identified the functions of 46 significant genes of
both up regulated and down regulated genes were
analyzed using GOrilla online database. The twelve
up regulated genes are functionally involved in cell-
differentiation, cell development and disease
progression with in Breast cells. The dysregulation of
RAB40A, FGFR1, TPM1, NRP2, CLMN of p-value
2.46E-5 is significantly involved in different
pathways with in cells of breast.
5. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) | ISSN: 2456-647
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Special Issue Publication | November 2018 P - 232
4. Conclusion
We have predicted the gene expression of NRP2 gene
regulation in Breast neuronal cell development that
leads to cancer. The ductal, exocrine and endocrine
cells of neurogenesis of expressed datasets predicts 46
genes of up regulated and down regulated that
potentially signified in Breast cancer and also
associated with other significant cancer types. Based
on this analysis the genes RAB40A, FGFR1, TPM1,
NRP2, and CLMN are down regulated in Breast cells
and also with different cancer types is potentially
predicted best biomarkers to understand Breast cancer
and associated cell types. Our results are helps to
predict the gene regulation networks of other
significant gene regulatory networks is helps to
predict best drug targets and is used for drug
discovery.
5. References
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