This document discusses the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) to improve reading skills teaching and learning. It argues that ICT can encourage creativity compared to traditional methods. Some proposed ICT approaches are flipping the classroom, augmented reality, e-tandem learning between partners, and mingles activities. Flipping involves students reviewing materials before class. Augmented reality enhances lessons with virtual elements. E-tandem and mingles promote student interaction and language practice. Overall, the document advocates for ICT integration to update education in line with technological advances.

1. ICT in Teaching and
Learning Reading Skills
By: RnD

2. Our Classrooms
(Expectation and Reality)
A B

3. The Starting Point

5. Nowadays’ Students

7. Rationale
 Persefoni & Tsinakos (2016) point out that technology advancement should
encourage the creativity in education.
 Pimienta-Gómez & Malagón (2017) emphasise on applying technology in the
teaching and learning processes that is considerably far from the traditional
teaching methods.

8. What can we do?
 Flipping the classroom
 Using Augmented Reality
 E-tandem
 Mingles

9. Flipping the Classroom
1. The Flipped Classroom Approach
The term ‘flipped classroom’ was first introduced by Baker (2000).
Indeed, there have been many studies in the domain of the flipped
classroom approach from various disciplines (Yeung and O’Malley (2014),
Butt (2014), Osman, Jamaludin, and Mokhtar (2014), Shafique and Irwin-
Robinson (2015), Sung (2015), AlJaser (2017), Mensah, Yeboah, and Adom
(2017), Fatima, Arain, and Enam (2017), Afrilyasanti, Cahyono, and Astuti
(2017)).
2. The Use of Augmented Reality in Education
Persefoni and Tsinakos (2016) indicate that using augmented reality has
positive effects on educational processes and improves the students’
progress and participation by turning traditionally boring subject matters
into alive and joyful for the students. Sampaio and Almeida (2016) find
extra motivation in task completion using the augmented reality
integrated in the school materials

10. The Use of Augmented Reality in the EFL
Context
The use of augmented reality in the EFL context facilitate the
application of the flipped classroom approach ultimately aiming at
improving students’ confidence and mastery of the materials and
allowing the students to preview and analyse the materials prior to
classroom meetings.
Its implementation demands extra duties. It requires the teachers to
spend extra time for searching the correct materials to be reviewed by
the students prior to the classroom meetings, uploading the materials to
online, and making sure that the materials are accessible for the
students. The handouts accompanying the previewing tasks are also
needed to focus the students’ attention on the targeted materials.

11. E-Tandem
 Originally, e-tandem according Cziko (2004) refers to learning the target
language performed by two learners of different native language. They work
together as a partner to learn the language using electronic communication
media.
 E-tandem then switched to mix kinds of texts (written texts, audio, video) as
the materials for learning a language.

12. Mingles
Borzova (2014) states that the use of mingles is the only class management
strategy that allows every student to do a lot of talking in the classroom,
increasing the quality of communicative competence in English.
A mingle is an activity where a student approaches a classmate, talks for a while,
and then moves on to speak to another classmate.
The organization of mingles relies on the gap–difference principle and may take
the form of the information gap, the experience gap, the opinion gap, or the
knowledge gap (Rees 2003), motivating students to change partners in order to
discover information or facts necessary to fill the gap.

13. Conclusion
With no doubts that we are in the middle of paradigm shifts of
technology which eventually changes the way the teachers teach and the
students learn, particularly in the EFL context.
Acknowledgement
Further research could be in the domain of designing and developing
instructions using augmented reality supporting the use of the flipped
classroom approach.

14.  References
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